1
|
Cui Z, Zhang L, Hu G, Zhang F. Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology: Communications, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Potential. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:711-726. [PMID: 38844744 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse, membrane-bound vesicles released from cells into the extracellular environment. They originate from either endosomes or the cell membrane and typically include exosomes and microvesicles. These EVs serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, carrying a variety of contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which regulate the physiological and pathological processes of target cells. Moreover, the molecular cargo of EVs can reflect critical information about the originating cells, making them potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Over the past decade, the role of EVs as key communicators between cell types in cardiovascular physiology and pathology has gained increasing recognition. EVs from different cellular sources, or from the same source under different cellular conditions, can have distinct impacts on the management, diagnosis, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the influence of cardiovascular-derived EVs on the metabolism of peripheral organs. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in the field of cardiovascular research with respect to the roles and implications of EVs. Our goal is to provide new insights and directions for the early prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential and diagnostic value of EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guangyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin J, Lu W, Huang B, Yang W, Wang X. The role of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in tumor microenvironment. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102470. [PMID: 39002287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly heterogeneous ecosystem that plays critical roles in the initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as emerging components of the host-tumor communication, are lipid-bilayer membrane structures that are secreted by most cell types into TEM and increasingly recognized as critical elements that regulate the interaction between tumor cells and their surroundings. They contain a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and participate in various pathophysiological processes while regulating intercellular communication. While many studies have focused on the EVs derived from different body fluids or cell culture supernatants, the direct isolation of tissue-derived EVs (Ti-EVs) has garnered more attention due to the advantages of tissue specificity and accurate reflection of tissue microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the protocol for isolating Ti-EVs from different tissue interstitium, discuss the role of tumor-derived and adipose tissue-derived Ti-EVs in regulating TME. In addition, we sum up the latest application of Ti-EVs as potential biomarkers for cancer diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wan Lu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Prevention and Control, Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan X, Zhang Y, Liu W, Shao M, Gong Y, Wang T, Xue S, Nian R. A comprehensive review of engineered exosomes from the preparation strategy to therapeutic applications. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3500-3521. [PMID: 38828621 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes exhibit high bioavailability, biological stability, targeted specificity, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity in shuttling various bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Natural exosomes, however, have limited production, targeting abilities, and therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. On the other hand, engineered exosomes have demonstrated long-term circulation, high stability, targeted delivery, and efficient intracellular drug release, garnering significant attention. The engineered exosomes bring new insights into developing next-generation drug delivery systems and show enormous potential in therapeutic applications, such as tumor therapies, diabetes management, cardiovascular disease, and tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements associated with engineered exosomes by focusing on the state-of-the-art strategies for cell engineering and exosome engineering. Exosome isolation methods, including traditional and emerging approaches, are systematically compared along with advancements in characterization methods. Current challenges and future opportunities are further discussed in terms of the preparation and application of engineered exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mingzheng Shao
- Research Center on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Yibo Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Research Center on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Nian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang L, Deng Y, Ao Z, Liao C, Tian J, Li C, Yu X. Recent progress in biomimetic nanomedicines based on versatile targeting strategy for atherosclerosis therapy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:606-623. [PMID: 38656224 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2347353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is considered to be one of the major causes of cardiovascular disease. Its pathological microenvironment is characterised by increased production of reactive oxygen species, lipid oxides, and excessive inflammatory factors, which accumulate at the monolayer endothelial cells in the vascular wall to form AS plaques. Therefore, intervention in the pathological microenvironment would be beneficial in delaying AS. Researchers have designed biomimetic nanomedicines with excellent biocompatibility and the ability to avoid being cleared by the immune system through different therapeutic strategies to achieve better therapeutic effects for the characteristics of AS. Biomimetic nanomedicines can further enhance delivery efficiency and improve treatment efficacy due to their good biocompatibility and ability to evade clearance by the immune system. Biomimetic nanomedicines based on therapeutic strategies such as neutralising inflammatory factors, ROS scavengers, lipid clearance and integration of diagnosis and treatment are versatile approaches for effective treatment of AS. The review firstly summarises the targeting therapeutic strategy of biomimetic nanomedicine for AS in recent 5 years. Biomimetic nanomedicines using cell membranes, proteins, and extracellular vesicles as carriers have been developed for AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hejiang County People's Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Deng
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuojin Ao
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Changli Liao
- Science and Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Chinese Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stawarska A, Bamburowicz-Klimkowska M, Runden-Pran E, Dusinska M, Cimpan MR, Rios-Mondragon I, Grudzinski IP. Extracellular Vesicles as Next-Generation Diagnostics and Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6533. [PMID: 38928240 PMCID: PMC11204223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise for clinical application as new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This paper describes major GMP-based upstream and downstream manufacturing processes for EV large-scale production, also focusing on post-processing technologies such as surface bioengineering and uploading studies to yield novel EV-based diagnostics and advanced therapy medicinal products. This paper also focuses on the quality, safety, and efficacy issues of the bioengineered EV drug candidates before first-in-human studies. Because clinical trials involving extracellular vesicles are on the global rise, this paper encompasses different clinical studies registered on clinical-trial register platforms, with varying levels of advancement, highlighting the growing interest in EV-related clinical programs. Navigating the regulatory affairs of EVs poses real challenges, and obtaining marketing authorization for EV-based medicines remains complex due to the lack of specific regulatory guidelines for such novel products. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art regulatory knowledge to date on EV-based diagnostics and medicinal products, highlighting further research and global regulatory needs for the safe and reliable implementation of bioengineered EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in clinical settings. Post-marketing pharmacovigilance for EV-based medicinal products is also presented, mainly addressing such topics as risk assessment and risk management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stawarska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (I.P.G.)
| | - Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (I.P.G.)
| | - Elise Runden-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mihaela Roxana Cimpan
- Biomaterials—Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien Str. 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (M.R.C.); (I.R.-M.)
| | - Ivan Rios-Mondragon
- Biomaterials—Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien Str. 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (M.R.C.); (I.R.-M.)
| | - Ireneusz P. Grudzinski
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (I.P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang S, Wang Q, Tan DEL, Sikka V, Ng CH, Xian Y, Li D, Muthiah M, Chew NWS, Storm G, Tong L, Wang J. Gut-liver axis: Potential mechanisms of action of food-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12466. [PMID: 38887165 PMCID: PMC11183959 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Food-derived extracellular vesicles (FEVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles obtained from dietary materials such as breast milk, plants and probiotics. Distinct from other EVs, FEVs can survive the harsh degrading conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and reach the intestines. This unique feature allows FEVs to be promising prebiotics in health and oral nanomedicine for gut disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Interestingly, therapeutic effects of FEVs have recently also been observed in non-gastrointestinal diseases. However, the mechanisms remain unclear or even mysterious. It is speculated that orally administered FEVs could enter the bloodstream, reach remote organs, and thus exert therapeutic effects therein. However, emerging evidence suggests that the amount of FEVs reaching organs beyond the gastrointestinal tract is marginal and may be insufficient to account for the significant therapeutic effects achieved regarding diseases involving remote organs such as the liver. Thus, we herein propose that FEVs primarily act locally in the intestine by modulating intestinal microenvironments such as barrier integrity and microbiota, thereby eliciting therapeutic impact remotely on the liver in non-gastrointestinal diseases via the gut-liver axis. Likewise, drugs delivered to the gastrointestinal system through FEVs may act via the gut-liver axis. As the liver is the main metabolic hub, the intestinal microenvironment may be implicated in other metabolic diseases. In fact, many patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease suffer from a leaky gut and dysbiosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progress in FEVs and discuss their biomedical applications as therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems, highlighting the pivotal role of the gut-liver axis in the mechanisms of action of FEVs for the treatment of gut disorders and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Jinan Central HospitalShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Daniel En Liang Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Vritika Sikka
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yan Xian
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
- National University Centre for Organ TransplantationNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Nicholas W. S. Chew
- Department of CardiologyNational University Heart CentreNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Lingjun Tong
- Jinan Central HospitalShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Jiong‐Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zygmunciak P, Stróżna K, Błażowska O, Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska B. Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy-State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6117. [PMID: 38892303 PMCID: PMC11172920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most deadly and cost-driving effects of diabetes mellitus (DM). One of them, which is steadily attracting attention among scientists, is diabetes-induced heart failure, also known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Despite significant progress in the research concerning the disease, a universally accepted definition is still lacking. The pathophysiology of the processes accelerating heart insufficiency in diabetic patients on molecular and cellular levels also remains elusive. However, the recent interest concerning extracellular vesicles (EVs) has brought promise to further clarifying the pathological events that lead to DCM. In this review, we sum up recent investigations on the involvement of EVs in DCM and show their therapeutic and indicatory potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Stróżna
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.)
| | - Olga Błażowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.)
| | - Beata Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka St. 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Diomede F, Guarnieri S, Lanuti P, Konstantinidou F, Gatta V, Rajan TS, Pierdomenico SD, Trubiani O, Marconi GD, Pizzicannella J. Extracellular vesicles (EVs): A promising therapeutic tool in the heart tissue regeneration. Biofactors 2024; 50:509-522. [PMID: 38131134 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment has been widely explored as a therapy for myocardial infarction, peripheral ischemic vascular diseases, dilated cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Latest in vitro studies suggest that MSCs can differentiate into contractile cardiomyocytes. One of the best-characterized MSCs products are MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are crucial paracrine effectors of MSCs. Based on previous works, paracrine effects of MSCs play a primary role in the regenerative ability. Hence, in the current paper, we focused our attention on an alternative approach, exploiting products derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) rather than MSCs themselves, which may denote a cost-effective and safer approach. The focus has been on EVs and the bioactive molecules they contain to evaluate their ability to influence the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage. The expression of GATA4, ACTC1, CX43, and Nkx2.5 was evaluated using Immunofluorescence, real time-PCR, and Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, the expression profiling analysis of the microRNA hsa-miR-200c-3p, targeting the GATA4 gene, was studied. The hsa-miR-200c-3p was found significantly down-regulated in both c-hDPSCs + EVs-hDPSCs and c-hDPSCs + EVs-HL-1 compared to untreated c-hDPSCs underlying a possible epigenetic mechanism behind the prevalent up-regulation of its targeted GATA4 gene. The aim of the present work was to develop an in vitro model of hDPSCs able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in order to investigate the role of EVs derived from hDPSCs and derived from HL-1 cardiomyocyte cell line in modulating the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- Research and Development Unit, Theertha Biopharma Private limited, KIADB, Industrial Area, Bangalore, India
| | - Sante D Pierdomenico
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leong SY, Lok WW, Goh KY, Ong HB, Tay HM, Su C, Kong F, Upadya M, Wang W, Radnaa E, Menon R, Dao M, Dalan R, Suresh S, Lim DWT, Hou HW. High-Throughput Microfluidic Extraction of Platelet-free Plasma for MicroRNA and Extracellular Vesicle Analysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6623-6637. [PMID: 38348825 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell-free RNAs and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are valuable biomarkers in liquid biopsies, but they are prone to preanalytical variabilities such as nonstandardized centrifugation or ex vivo blood degradation. Herein, we report a high-throughput and label-free inertial microfluidic device (ExoArc) for isolation of platelet-free plasma from blood for RNA and EV analysis. Unlike conventional inertial microfluidic devices widely used for cell sorting, a submicrometer size cutoff (500 nm) was achieved which completely removed all leukocytes, RBCs, platelets, and cellular debris based on differential lateral migration induced by Dean vortices. The single-step operation also reduced platelet-associated miRNAs (∼2-fold) compared to centrifugation. We clinically validated ExoArc for plasma miRNA profiling (39 samples) and identified a 7-miRNA panel that detects non-small cell lung cancer with ∼90% sensitivity. ExoArc was also coupled with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to isolate EVs within 50 min with ∼10-fold higher yield than ultracentrifugation. As a proof-of-concept for EV-based transcriptomics analysis, we performed miRNA analysis in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects (n = 3 per group) by coupling ExoArc and ExoArc+SEC with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Among 293 miRNAs detected, plasmas and EVs showed distinct differentially expressed miRNAs in T2DM subjects. We further demonstrated automated in-line EV sorting from low volume culture media for continuous EV monitoring. Overall, the developed ExoArc offers a convenient centrifugation-free workflow to automate plasma and EV isolation for point-of-care diagnostics and quality control in EV manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yuan Leong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Wan Wei Lok
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Kah Yee Goh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583
| | - Hong Boon Ong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Chengxun Su
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Fang Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Megha Upadya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Wei Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-1062, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-1062, United States
| | - Ming Dao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| | - Subra Suresh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Darren Wan-Teck Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Berezin AE, Berezin AA. Extracellular vesicles in heart failure. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 119:1-32. [PMID: 38514208 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated as crucial mediators of immune response, cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and growth, and tissue repair. In heart failure (HF) they may act as regulators of cardiac remodeling, microvascular inflammation, micro environmental changes, tissue fibrosis, atherosclerosis, neovascularization of plaques, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and reciprocal heart-remote organ interaction. The chapter summaries the nomenclature, isolation, detection of EVs, their biologic role and function physiologically as well as in the pathogenesis of HF. Current challenges to the utilization of EVs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in HF are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao S, Dong Y, Yan C, Yu T, Cao H. The role of exosomes and exosomal microRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1327495. [PMID: 38283742 PMCID: PMC10811149 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1327495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a formidable cardiovascular complication linked to diabetes, is witnessing a relentless surge in its incidence. Despite extensive research efforts, the primary pathogenic mechanisms underlying this condition remain elusive. Consequently, a critical research imperative lies in identifying a sensitive and dependable marker for early diagnosis and treatment, thereby mitigating the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Exosomes (EXOs), minute vesicles enclosed within bilayer lipid membranes, have emerged as a fascinating frontier in this quest, capable of transporting a diverse cargo that mirrors the physiological and pathological states of their parent cells. These exosomes play an active role in the intercellular communication network of the cardiovascular system. Within the realm of exosomes, MicroRNA (miRNA) stands as a pivotal molecular player, revealing its profound influence on the progression of DCM. This comprehensive review aims to offer an introductory exploration of exosome structure and function, followed by a detailed examination of the intricate role played by exosome-associated miRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our ultimate objective is to bolster our comprehension of DCM diagnosis and treatment strategies, thereby facilitating timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongbo Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Olejarz W, Sadowski K, Radoszkiewicz K. Extracellular Vesicles in Atherosclerosis: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:388. [PMID: 38203558 PMCID: PMC10779125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation in the arteries, leading to narrowing and thrombosis that causes mortality. Emerging evidence has confirmed that atherosclerosis affects younger people and is involved in the majority of deaths worldwide. EVs are associated with critical steps in atherosclerosis, cholesterol metabolism, immune response, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and remodeling. Endothelial cell-derived EVs can interact with platelets and monocytes, thereby influencing endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, and the formation of thrombus. EVs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly, EVs derived from stem/progenitor cells are essential mediators of cardiogenesis and cardioprotection and may be used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Sadowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kong L, Mao Z, He S, Li K, Zhou L, Zhang X, Huang P. PM 2.5 induces alterations in gene expression profile of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles and mediates cardiovascular injury in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115341. [PMID: 37573648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (P-EVs), as the most abundant vesicles in blood, have been proven to play cardinal roles in cardiovascular injury. RNAs (especially miRNAs) carried by P-EVs can be transferred to the receptor, which plays a critical role in regulating vascular endothelial function. PM2.5 is one of the most well-known risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to explore whether exposure to PM2.5 would alter the gene expression profile of P-EVs, and to further elucidate the role of RNAs (especially miRNAs) carried by P-EVs in cardiovascular injury induced by PM2.5 exposure. P-EVs were isolated from the platelet-rich plasma which was exposed and unexposed to PM2.5, and the differentially expressed target genes were evaluated using whole-transcriptome gene sequencing. Rats were treated with P-EVs under different exposure conditions (a protein concentration of 50 µg/mL) and an equal volume of normal saline. The pathological damage of the thoracic aorta and cardiac tissue was evaluated and the coagulation function of the rats was detected. The differentially expressed genes were shown to be mainly concentrated in inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis-related pathways. Moreover, P-EVs extracted from PM2.5-exposed plasma had the potential to trigger an inflammatory response, impair vascular endothelial function, disrupt the normal coagulation process, and promote a prothrombotic state. Our study indicated that PM2.5 induces cardiovascular injury in rats by interfering with the gene expression of P-EVs. It will provide new targets for studying the mechanism involved in PM2.5-induced cardiovascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kong
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shiyu He
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Peili Huang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carata E, Muci M, Di Giulio S, Mariano S, Panzarini E. Looking to the Future of the Role of Macrophages and Extracellular Vesicles in Neuroinflammation in ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11251. [PMID: 37511010 PMCID: PMC10379393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although scientific evidence to date does not allow defining neuroinflammation as an ALS trigger, its role in exacerbating motor neuron (MNs) degeneration and disease progression is attracting research interest. Activated CNS (Central Nervous System) glial cells, proinflammatory peripheral and infiltrated T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, as well as the immunoreactive molecules they release, represent the active players for the role of immune dysregulation enhancing neuroinflammation. The crosstalk between the peripheral and CNS immune cells significantly correlates with the survival of ALS patients since the modification of peripheral macrophages can downregulate inflammation at the periphery along the nerves and in the CNS. As putative vehicles for misfolded protein and inflammatory mediators between cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have also drawn particular attention in the field of ALS. Both CNS and peripheral immune cells release EVs, which are able to modulate the behavior of neighboring recipient cells; unfortunately, the mechanisms involved in EVs-mediated communication in neuroinflammation remain unclear. This review aims to synthesize the current literature regarding EV-mediated cell-to-cell communication in the brain under ALS, with a particular point of view on the role of peripheral macrophages in responding to inflammation to understand the biological process and exploit it for ALS management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Carata
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Muci
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Simona Di Giulio
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spada S. Methodologies to evaluate the radiation-induced changes on extracellular vesicles. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 180:39-48. [PMID: 37890931 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) are carriers that actively transfer functional biomolecules between cells affecting the intercellular communication (Pitt, Kroemer, & Zitvogel, 2016). EV signaling has consequences on the targeted cell behavior impacting multiple processes from health to disease, including cancer (Yates et al., 2022). Radiation treatment (RT) is one of the gold standard and effective treatments for cancer, as curative or palliative (Chandra, Keane, Voncken, & Thomas, 2021). RT induces different release of EVs and their cargo is altered. In addition, the uptake of EVs secreted by irradiated cells is affected. Hence, a deep investigation is required to better understand how RT influence the cell-to-cell communication thought signals shuttle by EVs. Here, detailed methods to study the RT effects on EV size and secretion, EV protein expression, EV uptake will be described. Alterations and adaptions might make the protocols applicable to different cell lines, and with different types of RT and dose exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Natalia A, Zhang L, Sundah NR, Zhang Y, Shao H. Analytical device miniaturization for the detection of circulating biomarkers. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-18. [PMID: 37359772 PMCID: PMC10064972 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Diverse (sub)cellular materials are secreted by cells into the systemic circulation at different stages of disease progression. These circulating biomarkers include whole cells, such as circulating tumour cells, subcellular extracellular vesicles and cell-free factors such as DNA, RNA and proteins. The biophysical and biomolecular state of circulating biomarkers carry a rich repertoire of molecular information that can be captured in the form of liquid biopsies for disease detection and monitoring. In this Review, we discuss miniaturized platforms that allow the minimally invasive and rapid detection and analysis of circulating biomarkers, accounting for their differences in size, concentration and molecular composition. We examine differently scaled materials and devices that can enrich, measure and analyse specific circulating biomarkers, outlining their distinct detection challenges. Finally, we highlight emerging opportunities in biomarker and device integration and provide key future milestones for their clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noah R. Sundah
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lv Y, Du X, Tang W, Yang Q, Gao F. Exosomes: The Role in Tumor Tolerance and the Potential Strategy for Tumor Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020462. [PMID: 36839784 PMCID: PMC9960400 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug and radiotherapy resistance is the primary cause of treatment failure and poor prognosis in patients with tumors. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles loaded with substances such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that transmit information between cells. Studies have found that exosomes are involved in tumor therapy resistance through drug efflux, promotion of drug resistance phenotypes, delivery of drug-resistance-related molecules, and regulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Based on their low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility, exosomes have been shown to reduce tumor therapy resistance by loading nucleic acids, proteins, and drugs inside xosomes or expressing tumor-specific antigens, target peptides, and monoclonal antibodies on their phospholipid bimolecular membranes. Consequently, future research on genetically engineered exosomes is expected to eliminate resistance to tumor treatment, improving the overall prognosis of patients with tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lv
- Departmant of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Xiaobo Du
- Departmant of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637503, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, China
- Correspondence: or (Q.Y.); (F.G.)
| | - Feng Gao
- Departmant of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
- Correspondence: or (Q.Y.); (F.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Accumulating evidence indicates that coronary heart disease (CHD) contributes to the majority of cardiovascular deaths. With the development of precision medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease are becoming more refined and individualized. Molecular diagnosis technology and individualized treatment are gradually applied to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHD. It is great significance to seek sensitive biological indicators to help early diagnosis and improve prognosis of CHD. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive technique, which is widely used to detect molecular biomarkers of tumors without invasive biopsy. Compared with the field of oncology, it is not easy to get the diseased tissue in CVD, especially CHD. Therefore, the idea of "fluid biopsy" is very attractive, and its progress may provide new and useful noninvasive indicators for CHD. By analyzing circulating cells or their products in blood, saliva, and urine samples, we can investigate the molecular changes that occur in each patient at a specific point in time, thus continuously monitoring the evolution of CHD. For example, the assessment of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels may help predict the severity of acute myocardial infarction and diagnose heart transplant rejection. Moreover, the unmethylated FAM101A gene may specifically track the cfDNA derived from cardiomyocyte death, which provides a powerful diagnostic biomarker for apoptosis during ischemia. In addition, the changes of plasma circulating miR-92 levels may predict the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) onset in patients with diabetes. Liquid biopsy can reflect the disease state through patients' body fluids and may noninvasively provide dynamic and rich molecular information related to CHD. It has great application potential in early warning and auxiliary diagnosis, real-time monitoring of curative effect, medication guidance and exploration of drug resistance mechanism, prognosis judgment, and risk classification of CHD. This chapter will review the latest progress of liquid biopsy in accurate diagnosis and treatment of CHD, meanwhile explore the application status and clinical prospect of liquid biopsy in CHD, in order to improve the importance of precision medicine and personalized treatment in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Temporal Changes in Extracellular Vesicle Hemostatic Protein Composition Predict Favourable Left Ventricular Remodeling after Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010327. [PMID: 36613770 PMCID: PMC9820565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The subset of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) that coprecipitate with low-density lipoprotein (LDL-EVs) carry coagulation and fibrinolysis pathway proteins as cargo. We investigated the association between LDL-EV hemostatic/fibrinolysis protein ratios and post-acute myocardial infarction (post-AMI) left ventricular (LV) remodeling which precedes heart failure. Protein concentrations of von Willebrand factor (VWF), SerpinC1 and plasminogen were determined in LDL-EVs extracted from plasma samples obtained at baseline (within 72 h post-AMI), 1 month and 6 months post-AMI from 198 patients. Patients were categorized as exhibiting adverse (n = 98) or reverse (n = 100) LV remodeling based on changes in LV end-systolic volume (increased or decreased ≥15) over a 6-month period. Multiple level longitudinal data analysis with structural equation (ML-SEM) model was used to assess predictive value for LV remodeling independent of baseline differences. At baseline, protein levels of VWF, SerpinC1 and plasminogen in LDL-EVs did not differ between patients with adverse versus reverse LV remodeling. At 1 month post-AMI, protein levels of VWF and SerpinC1 decreased whilst plasminogen increased in patients with adverse LV remodeling. In contrast, VWF and plasminogen decreased whilst SerpinC1 remained unchanged in patients with reverse LV remodeling. Overall, compared with patients with adverse LV remodeling, higher levels of SerpinC1 and VWF but lower levels of plasminogen resulted in higher ratios of VWF:Plasminogen and SerpinC1:Plasminogen at both 1 month and 6 months post-AMI in patients with reverse LV remodeling. More importantly, ratios VWF:Plasminogen (AUC = 0.674) and SerpinC1:Plasminogen (AUC = 0.712) displayed markedly better prognostic power than NT-proBNP (AUC = 0.384), troponin-I (AUC = 0.467) or troponin-T (AUC = 0.389) (p < 0.001) to predict reverse LV remodeling post-AMI. Temporal changes in the ratios of coagulation to fibrinolysis pathway proteins in LDL-EVs outperform current standard plasma biomarkers in predicting post-AMI reverse LV remodeling. Our findings may provide clinical cues to uncover the cellular mechanisms underpinning post-AMI reverse LV remodeling.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fu X, Liu H, Fan Y, Yuan J. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of lncRNA CLDN10-AS1 aggravates low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular endothelial injury. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:471-485. [PMID: 36250558 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00094.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation impairs the oxidation-reduction equilibrium in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and contributes to atherosclerosis (AS). This study probed the mechanisms of extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transfer of lncRNA CLDN10 antisense RNA 1 (CLDN10-AS1) in ox-LDL-induced VEC injury. Initially, VEC injury models were established by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with ox-LDL. EVs were isolated from HUVECs (HUVECs-EVs) and identified. CLDN10-AS1, microRNA (miR)-186, and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) expressions in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs and EVs derived from these cells (ox-EVs) were measured. HUVECs were incubated with EVs, after which the cell viability, apoptosis, and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were measured. We discovered that CLDN10-AS1 and YY1 were upregulated in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, whereas miR-186 was downregulated. ox-EVs treatment elevated CLDN10-AS1 expression in HUVECs and ox-EVs overexpressing CLDN10-AS1 promoted VEC injury. Besides, CLDN10-AS1 is competitively bound to miR-186 and promoted YY1 expression. Rescue experiments revealed that miR-186 overexpression or YY1 suppression partially reversed the roles of ox-EVs overexpressing CLDN10-AS1 in ox-LDL-induced VEC injury. Lastly, clinical serum samples were collected for verification. Overall, CLDN10-AS1 carried by HUVECs-EVs into HUVECs competitively bound to miR-186 to elevate YY1 expression, thereby aggravating ox-LDL-induced VEC injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Yuan
- Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Anaesthesia, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Anaesthesia, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Neupane YR, Handral HK, Alkaff SA, Chng WH, Venkatesan G, Huang C, Lee CK, Wang JW, Sriram G, Dienzo RA, Lu WF, Ali Y, Czarny B, Pastorin G. Cell-derived nanovesicles from mesenchymal stem cells as extracellular vesicle-mimetics in wound healing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1887-1902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
22
|
Badimon L, Padro T, Arderiu G, Vilahur G, Borrell-Pages M, Suades R. Extracellular vesicles in atherothrombosis: From biomarkers and precision medicine to therapeutic targets. Immunol Rev 2022; 312:6-19. [PMID: 35996799 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of global mortality. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small phospholipid vesicles that convey molecular bioactive cargoes and play essential roles in intercellular communication and, hence, a multifaceted role in health and disease. The present review offers a glimpse into the current state and up-to-date concepts on EV field. It also covers their association with several cardiovascular risk factors and ischemic conditions, being subclinical atherosclerosis of utmost relevance for prevention. Interestingly, we show that EVs hold promise as prognostic and diagnostic as well as predictive markers of ASCVD in the precision medicine era. We then report on the role of EVs in atherothrombosis, disentangling the mechanisms involved in the initiation, progression, and complication of atherosclerosis and showing their direct effect in the context of arterial thrombosis. Finally, their potential use for therapeutic intervention is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Urzì O, Olofsson Bagge R, Crescitelli R. The dark side of foetal bovine serum in extracellular vesicle studies. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12271. [PMID: 36214482 PMCID: PMC9549727 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1912] [Revised: 12/12/1912] [Accepted: 12/12/1912] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to be involved in cell-cell communication and to take part in both physiological and pathological processes. Thanks to their exclusive cargo, which includes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from the originating cells, they are gaining interest as potential biomarkers of disease. In recent years, their appealing features have been fascinating researchers from all over the world, thus increasing the number of in vitro studies focused on EV release, content, and biological activities. Cultured cell lines are the most-used source of EVs; however, the EVs released in cell cultures are influenced by the cell culture conditions, such as the use of foetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS is the most common supplement for cell culture media, but it is also a source of contaminants, such as exogenous bovine EVs, RNA, and protein aggregates, that can contaminate the cell-derived EVs and influence their cargo composition. The presence of FBS contaminants in cell-derived EV samples is a well-known issue that limits the clinical applications of EVs, thus increasing the need for standardization. In this review, we will discuss the pros and cons of using FBS in cell cultures as a source of EVs, as well as the protocols used to remove contaminants from FBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Urzì
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of BiomedicineNeurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of SurgerySahlgrenska University HospitalRegion Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang R, He L, Jin L, Li Z, He N, Miao W. Recent advancements in DNA nanotechnology-enabled extracellular vesicles detection and diagnosis: A mini review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
25
|
Tong L, Zhang S, Huang R, Yi H, Wang JW. Extracellular vesicles as a novel photosensitive drug delivery system for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1032318. [PMID: 36237218 PMCID: PMC9550933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1032318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive therapeutic approach that utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) to generate highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, for removal of targeted cells. PDT has been proven efficacious for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetic ocular disease. However, the therapeutic efficacy of PDT is limited and often accompanied by side effects, largely due to non-specific delivery of PSs beyond the desired lesion site. Over the past decade, despite various nanoparticular drug delivery systems developed have markedly improved the treatment efficacy while reducing the off-target effects of PSs, concerns over the safety and toxicity of synthetic nanomaterials following intravenous administration are raised. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a type of nanoparticle released from cells, are emerging as a natural drug delivery system for PSs in light of EV's potentially low immunogenicity and biocompatibility compared with other nanoparticles. This review aims to provide an overview of the research progress in PS delivery systems and propose EVs as an alternative PS delivery system for PDT. Moreover, the challenges and future perspectives of EVs for PS delivery are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Tong
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rong Huang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ye C, Zheng F, Wu N, Zhu GQ, Li XZ. Extracellular vesicles in vascular remodeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2191-2201. [PMID: 35022541 PMCID: PMC9433397 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling contributes to the development of a variety of vascular diseases including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Phenotypic transformation of vascular cells, oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular calcification are closely associated with vascular remodeling. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally released from almost all types of cells and can be detected in nearly all body fluids including blood and urine. EVs affect vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, calcification, and lipid plaque formation; and thereby impact vascular remodeling in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. EVs may be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for vascular remodeling and cardiovascular diseases. This review includes a comprehensive analysis of the roles of EVs in the vascular remodeling in vascular diseases, and the prospects of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ng CY, Kee LT, Al-Masawa ME, Lee QH, Subramaniam T, Kok D, Ng MH, Law JX. Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7986. [PMID: 35887332 PMCID: PMC9315612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute vesicles with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs are secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, EVs have received much attention, as they are rich in biological components such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that play essential roles in tissue regeneration and disease modification. In addition, EVs can be developed as vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases, as the vesicle membrane has an abundance of antigenic determinants and virulent factors. EVs for therapeutic applications are typically collected from conditioned media of cultured cells. However, the number of EVs secreted by the cells is limited. Thus, it is critical to devise new strategies for the large-scale production of EVs. Here, we discussed the strategies utilized by researchers for the scalable production of EVs. Techniques such as bioreactors, mechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation, magnetic field stimulation, topographic clue, hypoxia, serum deprivation, pH modification, exposure to small molecules, exposure to nanoparticles, increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, and genetic modification have been used to improve the secretion of EVs by cultured cells. In addition, nitrogen cavitation, porous membrane extrusion, and sonication have been utilized to prepare EV-mimetic nanovesicles that share many characteristics with naturally secreted EVs. Apart from inducing EV production, these upscaling interventions have also been reported to modify the EVs' cargo and thus their functionality and therapeutic potential. In summary, it is imperative to identify a reliable upscaling technique that can produce large quantities of EVs consistently. Ideally, the produced EVs should also possess cargo with improved therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Li Ting Kee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Qian Hui Lee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Thayaalini Subramaniam
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - David Kok
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading No. 1, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lai JJ, Chau ZL, Chen S, Hill JJ, Korpany KV, Liang N, Lin L, Lin Y, Liu JK, Liu Y, Lunde R, Shen W. Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103222. [PMID: 35332686 PMCID: PMC9130923 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and are attractive in biotechnology and biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents. Crucial to realizing this potential is the ability to manufacture high-quality exosomes; however, unlike biologics such as proteins, exosomes lack standardized Good Manufacturing Practices for their processing and characterization. Furthermore, there is a lack of well-characterized reference exosome materials to aid in selection of methods for exosome isolation, purification, and analysis. This review informs exosome research and technology development by comparing exosome processing and characterization methods and recommending exosome workflows. This review also provides a detailed introduction to exosomes, including their physical and chemical properties, roles in normal biological processes and in disease progression, and summarizes some of the on-going clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Lai
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Zoe L. Chau
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Sheng‐You Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - John J. Hill
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | | | - Nai‐Wen Liang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Li‐Han Lin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei City10617Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Joanne K. Liu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Yu‐Chung Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Ruby Lunde
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Wei‐Ting Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental SciencesNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ai X, Yu P, Peng L, Luo L, Liu J, Li S, Lai X, Luan F, Meng X. Berberine: A Review of its Pharmacokinetics Properties and Therapeutic Potentials in Diverse Vascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:762654. [PMID: 35370628 PMCID: PMC8964367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of various diseases and has attracted increasing attention for clinical applications. Vascular diseases affecting vasculature in the heart, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications have compromised quality of life for affected individuals and increase the burden on health care services. Berberine, a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid form Rhizoma coptidis, is widely used in China as a folk medicine for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Promisingly, an increasing number of studies have identified several cellular and molecular targets for berberine, indicating its potential as an alternative therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases, as well as providing novel evidence that supports the therapeutic potential of berberine to combat vascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively and systematically describe the evidence for berberine as a therapeutic agent in vascular diseases, including its pharmacological effects, molecular mechanisms, and pharmacokinetics. According to data published so far, berberine shows remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiautophagic activity via the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase silent information regulator 1 (SIRT-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), janus kinase 2 (JAK-2), Ca2+ channels, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, we discuss the existing limitations of berberine in the treatment of vascular diseases, and give corresponding measures. In addition, we propose some research perspectives and challenges, and provide a solid evidence base from which further studies can excavate novel effective drugs from Chinese medicine monomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Peiling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuling Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengqian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xianrong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Luan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lim XC, Yatim SMJM, Chong SY, Wang X, Tan SH, Yang X, Chan SP, Richards AM, Charles CJ, Chan MY, Wang JW. Plasma tissue factor coagulation activity in post-acute myocardial infarction patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1008329. [PMID: 36213278 PMCID: PMC9540383 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1008329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coagulation is involved in fibroproliferative responses following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Left ventricular (LV) remodeling following AMI is closely associated with progression to heart failure. This study aims to assess the association between plasma tissue factor activity and LV remodeling in post-AMI patients. METHODS We studied 228 patients with AMI and 57 healthy subjects. Patients with AMI were categorized into two age- and sex-matched groups: patients with adverse LV remodeling or reverse LV remodeling, defined by an increase or decrease, respectively, in LV end systolic volume by ≥15% over 6 months. TF activity was measured in plasma collected at baseline (within 72 hours of revascularization), 1 month and 6 months post-AMI. Multiple level longitudinal data analysis with structural equation (ML-SEM) model was used to assess the impact of various clinical variables on TF activity in post-AMI. RESULTS Plasma TF activity in post-AMI patients at baseline (29.05 ± 10.75 pM) was similar to that in healthy subjects but fell at 1 month (21.78 ± 8.23, p<0.001) with partial recovery by 6 months (25.84 ± 8.80, p<0.001) after AMI. Plasma TF activity at 6 month post-AMI was better restored in patients with reverse LV remodeling than those with adverse LV remodeling (27.35 ± 7.14 vs 24.34 ± 9.99; p=0.009) independent of gender, age and relevant cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Plasma TF activity decreased after AMI but was better restored at 6 months in patients with reverse LV remodeling. The clinical significance of changes in post-AMI plasma TF activity needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chang Lim
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Maryam J. M. Yatim
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sock Hwee Tan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Pang Chan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chris J. Charles
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Y. Chan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Jiong-Wei Wang, ; Mark Y. Chan,
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Jiong-Wei Wang, ; Mark Y. Chan,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luo L, Wu Z, Wang Y, Li H. Regulating the production and biological function of small extracellular vesicles: current strategies, applications and prospects. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:422. [PMID: 34906146 PMCID: PMC8670141 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed the great application potentials of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in biological medical field, especially in tissue repair and regeneration. However, the production capability of sEVs by noncancerous cells is very limited, while their dosage requirements in disease treatments are usually very high. Meanwhile, as cell aging, the sEV production capability of cells decreases and the biological function of sEVs changes accordingly. In addition, for special applications, sEVs carrying desired bioactive substances should be designed to perform their expected biological function. Therefore, improving the production of sEVs and precisely regulating their biological function are of great significance for promoting the clinical applications of sEVs. In this review, some of the current classic strategies in affecting the cellular behaviors of donor cells and subsequently regulating the production and biological function of their sEVs are summarized, including gene engineering methods, stress-inducing conditions, chemical regulators, physical methods, and biomaterial stimulations. Through applying these strategies, increased yield of sEVs with required biological function can be obtained for disease treatment and tissue repair, such as bone regeneration, wound healing, nerve function recovery and cancer treatment, which could not only reduce the harvest cost of sEV but promote the practical applications of sEVs in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
García-Niño WR, Zazueta C, Buelna-Chontal M, Silva-Palacios A. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiac-Conditioning Strategies against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1123. [PMID: 34832998 PMCID: PMC8620839 DOI: 10.3390/life11111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the central target of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning cardioprotective strategies, which consist of either the application of brief intermittent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cycles or the administration of pharmacological agents. Such strategies reduce cardiac I/R injury by activating protective signaling pathways that prevent the exacerbated production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inhibit opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reduce apoptosis, maintaining normal mitochondrial function. Cardioprotection also involves the activation of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes, which replace defective mitochondria or eliminate mitochondrial debris, preserving the structure and function of the network of these organelles, and consequently ensuring homeostasis and survival of cardiomyocytes. Such processes include mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, fusion, mitophagy and mitochondrial-controlled cell death. This review updates recent advances in MQC mechanisms that are activated in the protection conferred by different cardiac conditioning interventions. Furthermore, the role of extracellular vesicles in mitochondrial protection and turnover of these organelles will be discussed. It is concluded that modulation of MQC mechanisms and recognition of mitochondrial targets could provide a potential and selective therapeutic approach for I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
33
|
Escudé Martinez de Castilla P, Tong L, Huang C, Sofias AM, Pastorin G, Chen X, Storm G, Schiffelers RM, Wang JW. Extracellular vesicles as a drug delivery system: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113801. [PMID: 34015418 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an attractive drug delivery system. Here, we assess their pre-clinical applications, in the form of a systematic review. For each study published in the past decade, disease models, animal species, EV donor cell types, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), EV surface modifications, API loading methods, EV size and charge, estimation of EV purity, presence of biodistribution studies and administration routes were quantitatively analyzed in a defined and reproducible way. We have interpreted the trends we observe over the past decade, to define the niches where to apply EVs for drug delivery in the future and to provide a basis for regulatory guidelines.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chachques JC, Gardin C, Lila N, Ferroni L, Migonney V, Falentin-Daudre C, Zanotti F, Trentini M, Brunello G, Rocca T, Gasbarro V, Zavan B. Elastomeric Cardiowrap Scaffolds Functionalized with Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Induce a Positive Modulation in the Inflammatory and Wound Healing Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Macrophage. Biomedicines 2021; 9:824. [PMID: 34356888 PMCID: PMC8301323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in contractile restoration of myocardial scars is one of the principal aims in cardiovascular surgery. Recently, a new potent biological tool used within healing processes is represented by exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells are the well-known extracellular nanovesicles released from cells to facilitate cell function and communication. In this work, a combination of elastomeric membranes and exosomes was obtained and tested as a bioimplant. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages were seeded into the scaffold (polycaprolactone) and filled with exosomes derived from MSCs. Cells were tested for proliferation with an MTT test, and for wound healing properties and macrophage polarization by gene expression. Moreover, morphological analyses of their ability to colonize the scaffolds surfaces have been further evaluated. Results confirm that exosomes were easily entrapped onto the surface of the elastomeric scaffolds, increasing the wound healing properties and collagen type I and vitronectin of the MSC, and improving the M2 phenotype of the macrophages, mainly thanks to the increase in miRNA124 and decrease in miRNA 125. We can conclude that the enrichment of elastomeric scaffolds functionalized with exosomes is as an effective strategy to improve myocardial regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Chachques
- Laboratory of Biosurgical Research (Alain Carpentier Foundation), Pompidu Hospital, University of Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (J.C.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Chiara Gardin
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Nermine Lila
- Laboratory of Biosurgical Research (Alain Carpentier Foundation), Pompidu Hospital, University of Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (J.C.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Veronique Migonney
- Department of UMR, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; (V.M.); (C.F.-D.)
| | - Celine Falentin-Daudre
- Department of UMR, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; (V.M.); (C.F.-D.)
| | - Federica Zanotti
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Martina Trentini
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Giulia Brunello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35133 Padova, Italy;
| | - Tiberio Rocca
- Division of Internal Medicine, St. Anna Hospital, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (T.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Gasbarro
- Division of Internal Medicine, St. Anna Hospital, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (T.R.); (V.G.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Neupane YR, Huang C, Wang X, Chng WH, Venkatesan G, Zharkova O, Wacker MG, Czarny B, Storm G, Wang JW, Pastorin G. Lyophilization Preserves the Intrinsic Cardioprotective Activity of Bioinspired Cell-Derived Nanovesicles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071052. [PMID: 34371743 PMCID: PMC8309024 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, bioinspired cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs) have gained much interest in the field of nanomedicine due to the preservation of biomolecular structure characteristics derived from their parent cells, which impart CDNs with unique properties in terms of binding and uptake by target cells and intrinsic biological activities. Although the production of CDNs can be easily and reproducibly achieved with any kind of cell culture, application of CDNs for therapeutic purposes has been greatly hampered by their physical and chemical instability during long-term storage in aqueous dispersion. In the present study, we conceived a lyophilization approach that would preserve critical characteristics regarding stability (vesicles' size and protein content), structural integrity, and biological activity of CDNs for enabling long-term storage in freeze-dried form. Compared to the lyoprotectant sucrose, trehalose-lyoprotected CDNs showed significantly higher glass transition temperature and lower residual moisture content. As assessed by ATR-FTIR and far-UV circular dichroism, lyophilization in the presence of the lyoprotectant effectively maintained the secondary structure of cellular proteins. After reconstitution, lyoprotected CDNs were efficiently associated with HeLa cells, CT26 cells, and bone marrow-derived macrophages at a rate comparable to the freshly prepared CDNs. In vivo, both lyoprotected and freshly prepared CDNs, for the first time ever reported, targeted the injured heart, and exerted intrinsic cardioprotective effects within 24 h, attributable to the antioxidant capacity of CDNs in a myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury animal model. Taken together, these results pave the way for further development of CDNs as cell-based therapeutics stabilized by lyophilization that enabled long-term storage while preserving their activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (Y.R.N.); (W.H.C.); (G.V.); (M.G.W.)
| | - Chenyuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.H.); (X.W.); (O.Z.); (G.S.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.H.); (X.W.); (O.Z.); (G.S.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wei Heng Chng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (Y.R.N.); (W.H.C.); (G.V.); (M.G.W.)
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Gopalakrishnan Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (Y.R.N.); (W.H.C.); (G.V.); (M.G.W.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Olga Zharkova
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.H.); (X.W.); (O.Z.); (G.S.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Matthias Gerhard Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (Y.R.N.); (W.H.C.); (G.V.); (M.G.W.)
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials, Science and Engineering & Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC Medicine), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Gerrit Storm
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.H.); (X.W.); (O.Z.); (G.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.H.); (X.W.); (O.Z.); (G.S.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.-W.W.); (G.P.)
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (Y.R.N.); (W.H.C.); (G.V.); (M.G.W.)
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.-W.W.); (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ou YH, Liang J, Czarny B, Wacker MG, Yu V, Wang JW, Pastorin G. Extracellular Vesicle (EV) biohybrid systems for cancer therapy: Recent advances and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:45-61. [PMID: 33609664 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of cell-derived lipid-bilayer membrane vesicles secreted by almost all mammalian cells and involved in intercellular communication by shuttling various biological cargoes. Over the last decade, EVs - namely exosomes and microvesicles - have been extensively explored as next-generation nanoscale drug delivery systems (DDSs). This is in large due to their endogenous origin, which enables EVs to circumvent some of the limitations associated with existing cancer therapy approaches (i.e. by preventing recognition by the immune system and improving selectivity towards tumor tissue). However, successful translation of these cell-derived vesicles into clinical applications has been hindered by several factors, among which the loading of exogenous therapeutic molecules still represents a great challenge. In order to address this issue and to further advance these biologically-derived systems as drug carriers, EV-biohybrid nano-DDSs, obtained through the fusion of EVs with conventional synthetic nano-DDSs, have recently been proposed as a valuable alternative as DDSs. Building on the idea of "combining the best of both worlds", a combination of these two unique entities aims to harness the beneficial properties associated with both EVs and conventional nano-DDSs, while overcoming the flaws of the individual components. These biohybrid systems also provide a unique opportunity for exploitation of new synergisms, often leading to improved therapeutic outcomes, thus paving the way for advancements in cancer therapy. This review aims to describe the recent developments of EV-biohybrid nano-DDSs in cancer therapy, to highlight the most promising results and breakthroughs, as well as to provide a glimpse on the possible intrinsic targeting mechanisms of EVs that can be bequeathed to their hybrid systems. Finally, we also provide some insights in the future perspectives of EV-hybrid DDSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Ou
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Victor Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|