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Alzu'bi A, Abu-El-Rub E, Almahasneh F, Tahat L, Athamneh RY, Khasawneh R, Alzoubi H, Ghorab DS, Almazari R, Zoubi MSA, Al-Zoubi RM. Delineating the molecular mechanisms of hippocampal neurotoxicity induced by chronic administration of synthetic cannabinoid AB-FUBINACA in mice. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:50-59. [PMID: 38823587 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has been associated with cognitive and behavioural deficits and an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of the neurotoxic effects of long-term use of SCs have not been well investigated in the literature. Herein, we evaluated the in vivo effects of chronic administration of AB-FUBINACA on the hippocampus in mice. Our results revealed that the administration of AB-FUBINACA induced a significant impairment in recognition memory associated with histopathological changes in the hippocampus. These findings were found to be correlated with increased level of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis markers, and reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which plays an essential role in modulating synaptic plasticity integral for promoting learning and memory in the hippocampus. Additionally, we showed that AB-FUBINACA significantly decreased the expression of NR1, an important functional subunit of glutamate/NMDA receptors and closely implicated in the development of toxic psychosis. These findings shed light on the long-term neurotoxic effects of SCs on hippocampus and the underlying mechanisms of these effects. This study provided new targets for possible medical interventions to improve the treatment guidelines for SCs addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alzu'bi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan.
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Fatimah Almahasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Lena Tahat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Rabaa Y Athamneh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Ramada Khasawneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Hiba Alzoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Doaa S Ghorab
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan; Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rawan Almazari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Raed M Al-Zoubi
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, QU-Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Angoa-Perez M, Kuhn DM. The pharmacology and neurotoxicology of synthetic cathinones. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 99:61-82. [PMID: 38467489 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The synthetic cathinones are man-made compounds derived from the naturally occurring drug cathinone, which is found in the khat plant. The drugs in this pharmacological class that will be the focus of this chapter include mephedrone, MDPV, methcathinone and methylone. These drugs are colloquially known as "bath salts". This misnomer suggests that these drugs are used for health improvement or that they have legitimate medical uses. The synthetic cathinones are dangerous drugs with powerful pharmacological effects that include high abuse potential, hyperthermia and hyperlocomotion. These drugs also share many of the pharmacological effects of the amphetamine class of drugs including methamphetamine, amphetamine and MDMA and therefore have high potential to cause damage to the central nervous system. The synthetic cathinones are frequently taken in combination with other psychoactive drugs such as alcohol, marijuana and the amphetamine-like stimulants, creating a situation where heightened pharmacological and neurotoxicological effects are likely to occur. Despite the structural features shared by the synthetic cathinones and amphetamine-like stimulants, including their actions at monoamine transporters and receptors, the effects of the synthetic cathinones do not always match those of the amphetamines. In particular, the synthetic cathinones are far less neurotoxic than their amphetamine counterparts, they produce a weaker hyperthermia, and they cause less glial activation. This chapter will briefly review the pharmacology and neurotoxicology of selected synthetic cathinones with the aim of delineating key areas of agreement and disagreement in the literature particularly as it relates to neurotoxicological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Angoa-Perez
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Donald M Kuhn
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
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Doyle WS, Huskinson SL. Environmental Uncertainty and Substance Use Disorders: A Behavior Analytic Perspective. POLICY INSIGHTS FROM THE BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 2023; 10:96-103. [PMID: 38550572 PMCID: PMC10978010 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231152451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) and drug overdose deaths represent major economic, health, and safety issues in the United States. The psychology of uncertainty provides a mechanism for understanding, reducing, and controlling the damage from substance misuse. Illicit drugs (such as heroin or cocaine) are uncertain in their availability, quality, and acquisition (the time and effort required to obtain them) compared with nondrug-related alternatives (such as consumable goods, hobbies, or paychecks). Furthermore, the severity and likelihood of negative outcomes associated with drug use likewise are uncertain. Such uncertainties worsen substance use outcomes. The current review conveys what is known about the impact of uncertainty on substance use: laboratory investigations of uncertain time and effort required to obtain a substance and uncertain drug quality show uncertainty exacerbates harm. Furthermore, uncertain negative outcomes are not likely to deter substance use in individuals with a SUD. Finally, several policy implications include access to agonist medications; creating a safer drug supply; access to clean syringes/needles, naloxone, and safe-injection sites; and ending incarceration for substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Doyle
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Sally L. Huskinson
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
- Division of Neurobiology and Behavior Research, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- David Love
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
- 70113 Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington, DC, 20005-3967, USA
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Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Joshi D, V S, Jhanani GK, On-Uma R, Jutamas K, Anupong W. Synthesis of AgNPs from leaf extract of Naringi crenulata and evaluation of its antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114455. [PMID: 36202242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of AgNPs using a methanolic extract of Naringi crenulata is described in this study. UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analyzer (PSA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The UV-visible spectrum revealed a sharp peak at 420 nm, which represents silver's strong Plasmon resonance. FTIR and XRD confirmed the functional groups (N-H stretch, alkanes, O-H stretch, carboxylic acid, N-H bend, C-X fluoride, and C-N stretch) and face-centered cubic crystalline structure of synthesized AgNPs. SEM and TEM analyses revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 32.75 nm. The synthesized AgNPs have antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. AgNPs can be synthesized using a methanolic extract of Naringi crenulate, and the resulting particle may have wide range of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepika Joshi
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Saranya V
- Department of Science and Humanities (Physics), Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G K Jhanani
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruangwong On-Uma
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kumchai Jutamas
- Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wongchai Anupong
- Department of Agricultural Economy and Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Gerona RR, French D. Drug testing in the era of new psychoactive substances. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 111:217-263. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Simultaneous Determination of 16 Kinds of Synthetic Cathinones in Human Urine Using a Magnetic Nanoparticle Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific and sensitive approach using magnetic nanoparticle solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out and applied in the simultaneous determination of 16 kinds of synthetic cathinones in human urine. The functionalized extraction material (Fe3O4/NH2-MWCNTs) was synthesized and factors affecting the extraction efficiency were all tested. Under the optimized conditions of magnetic nanoparticle solid-phase extraction, the determination of synthetic cathinones in human urine was carried out with GC-MS. Good linear relationships of 16 kinds of synthetic cathinones were obtained in the range of 0.005–5.00 μg/mL with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9901 to 0.9979, the limits of detection were in the range between 0.005 and 0.01 μg/mL, and the limits of quantitation were between 0.01 and 0.02 μg/mL. Furthermore, the average intra-day precisions were below 8.90%, the average inter-day precisions were less than 9.52%, and the average recoveries were between 87.03% and 99.13%, respectively. The results show the advantages of the approach in the determination of trace synthetic cathinones in complex matrixes, such as environmentally friendly, fast detection, high efficiency and sensitivity. The practical application indicated that this method could provide scientific basis for the determination of drugs of abuse in forensic laboratories.
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