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Swer PB, Kharbuli B, Syiem D, Sharma R. Age-related decline in the expression of BRG1, ATM and ATR are partially reversed by dietary restriction in the livers of female mice. Biogerontology 2024:10.1007/s10522-024-10117-7. [PMID: 38970714 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BRG1 (Brahma-related gene 1) is a member of the SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose nonfermentable) chromatin remodeling complex which utilizes the energy from ATP hydrolysis for its activity. In addition to its role of regulating the expression of a vast array of genes, BRG1 mediates DNA repair upon genotoxic stress and regulates senescence. During organismal ageing, there is accumulation of unrepaired/unrepairable DNA damage due to progressive breakdown of the DNA repair machinery. The present study investigates the expression level of BRG1 as a function of age in the liver of 5- and 21-month-old female mice. It also explores the impact of dietary restriction on BRG1 expression in the old (21-month) mice. Salient findings of the study are: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses reveal that BRG1 levels are higher in 5-month-old mice but decrease significantly with age. Dietary restriction increases BRG1 expression in the 21-month-old mice, nearly restoring it to the level observed in the younger group. Similar expression patterns are observed for DNA damage response genes ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) and ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related) with the advancement in age and which appears to be modulated by dietary restriction. BRG1 transcriptionally regulates ATM as a function of age and dietary restriction. These results suggest that BRG1, ATM and ATR are downregulated as mice age, and dietary restriction can restore their expression. This implies that dietary restriction may play a crucial role in regulating BRG1 and related gene expression, potentially maintaining liver repair and metabolic processes as mice age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pynskhem Bok Swer
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | | | - Donkupar Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
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Wang X, Liang G, Zhou Y, Ni B, Zhou X. Ameliorative effect and mechanism of ursodeoxycholic acid on hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatocyte injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4446. [PMID: 38395998 PMCID: PMC10891090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the ameliorative effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced hepatocyte injury. In our in vivo experiments, we modelled hyperlipidemia in ApoE-/- mice subjected to a 3-month high-fat diet and found that HE staining of the liver showed severe liver injury and excessive H2O2 was detected in the serum. We modelled oxidative stress injury in L02 cells by H2O2 in vitro and analyzed the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and related genes. UDCA significantly improved the level of oxidative stress in H2O2-injured L02 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, UDCA improved the transcription levels of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes (P < 0.05), showing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. UDCA has a protective effect on H2O2-damaged L02 cells, which lays a theoretical foundation for its application development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Center for Endocrine and Thyroid Diseases, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxi Liang
- Center for Endocrine and Thyroid Diseases, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Banggao Ni
- Center for Endocrine and Thyroid Diseases, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Chen H, Li LL, Du Y. Krüppel-like factor 15 in liver diseases: Insights into metabolic reprogramming. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1115226. [PMID: 36937859 PMCID: PMC10017497 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases, characterized by metabolic disorder, have become a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a zinc-finger transcription factor mainly enriched in liver. Increasing evidence suggests that hepatic KLF15 is activated rapidly during fasting, and contributes to the regulation of gluconeogenesis, lipid, amino acid catabolism, bile acids, endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism. This review summarizes the latest advances of KLF15 in metabolic reprogramming, and explore the function of KLF15 in acute liver injury, hepatitis B virus, and autoimmune hepatitis. which aims to evaluate the potential of KLF15 as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lan-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Du,
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4
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Coelho AM, Queiroz IF, Perucci LO, de Souza MO, Lima WG, Talvani A, Costa DC. Piperine as Therapeutic Agent in Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1800. [PMID: 36145547 PMCID: PMC9504321 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High doses of paracetamol (APAP) can cause irreversible liver damage. Piperine (P) inhibits cytochrome P450, which is involved in the metabolism of various xenobiotics, including paracetamol. We evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of piperine with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The mice were treated with two doses of piperine (P20 or P40) and/or NAC at 2 h after administration of APAP. The NAC+P20 and NAC+P40 groups showed a reduced area of necrosis, MMP-9 activity, and Casp-1 expression. Furthermore, the NAC+P20 group was the only treatment that reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and increased the levels of sulfhydryl groups (-SH). In the NAC+P40 group, NLRP-3 expression was reduced. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and IL-1β expression decreased in the NAC, NAC+P20, and NAC+P40 groups compared to the APAP group. The liver necrosis area, TNF levels, carbonylated protein, and IL-18 expression decreased in the P40, NAC, NAC+P20, and NAC+P40 groups compared to the APAP group. The cytokine IL-6 was reduced in all treatments. Piperine can be used in combination with NAC to treat APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Meireles Coelho
- Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
- Center for Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ferreira Queiroz
- Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Luiza Oliveira Perucci
- Center for Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Melina Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Food (DEALI), School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
- Center for Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
- Center for Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
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Jacobs MN, Kubickova B, Boshoff E. Candidate Proficiency Test Chemicals to Address Industrial Chemical Applicability Domains for in vitro Human Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Induction. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:880818. [PMID: 35795225 PMCID: PMC9252529 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.880818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a key role in the metabolism of both xenobiotics and endogenous chemicals, and the activity of some CYP isoforms are susceptible to induction and/or inhibition by certain chemicals. As CYP induction/inhibition can bring about significant alterations in the level of in vivo exposure to CYP substrates and metabolites, CYP induction/inhibition data is needed for regulatory chemical toxicity hazard assessment. On the basis of available human in vivo pharmaceutical data, a draft Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline (TG) for an in vitro CYP HepaRG test method that is capable of detecting the induction of four human CYPs (CYP1A1/1A2, 2B6, and 3A4), has been developed and validated for a set of pharmaceutical proficiency chemicals. However to support TG adoption, further validation data was requested to demonstrate the ability of the test method to also accurately detect CYP induction mediated by industrial and pesticidal chemicals, together with an indication on regulatory uses of the test method. As part of "GOLIATH", a European Union Horizon-2020 funded research project on metabolic disrupting chemical testing approaches, work is underway to generate supplemental validated data for an additional set of chemicals with sufficient diversity to allow for the approval of the guideline. Here we report on the process of proficiency chemical selection based on a targeted literature review, the selection criteria and considerations required for acceptance of proficiency chemical selection for OECD TG development (i.e. structural diversity, range of activity, relevant chemical sectors, global restrictions etc). The following 13 proposed proficiency chemicals were reviewed and selected as a suitable set for use in the additional validation experiments: tebuconazole, benfuracarb, atrazine, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, perfluorooctanoic acid, bisphenol A, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, benzo-[a]-pyrene, fludioxonil, malathion, triclosan, and caffeine. Illustrations of applications of the test method in relation to endocrine disruption and non-genotoxic carcinogenicity are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Naomi Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Department of Toxicology, Public Health England (PHE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kubickova
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Department of Toxicology, Public Health England (PHE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Boshoff
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Department of Toxicology, Public Health England (PHE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, United Kingdom
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Groeger S, Herrmann JM, Chakraborty T, Domann E, Ruf S, Meyle J. Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Membrane Components Induce Distinct Profiles of Metabolic Genes in Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073442. [PMID: 35408801 PMCID: PMC8998328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease is caused by a bacterial biofilm, affecting all periodontal tissues and structures. This chronic disease seems to be associated with cancer since, in general, inflammation intensifies the risk for carcinoma development and progression. Interactions between periodontal pathogens and the host immune response induce the onset of periodontitis and are responsible for its progression, among them Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a Gram-negative anaerobic rod, capable of expressing a variety of virulence factors that is considered a keystone pathogen in periodontal biofilms. The aim of this study was to investigate the genome-wide impact of P. gingivalis W83 membranes on RNA expression of oral squamous carcinoma cells by transcriptome analysis. Human squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC-25) were infected for 4 and 24 h with extracts from P. gingivalis W83 membrane, harvested, and RNA was extracted. RNA sequencing was performed, and differential gene expression and enrichment were analyzed using GO, KEGG, and REACTOME. The results of transcriptome analysis were validated using quantitative real-time PCR with selected genes. Differential gene expression analysis resulted in the upregulation of 15 genes and downregulation of 1 gene after 4 h. After 24 h, 61 genes were upregulated and 278 downregulated. GO, KEGG, and REACTONE enrichment analysis revealed a strong metabolic transcriptomic response signature, demonstrating altered gene expressions after 4 h and 24 h that mainly belong to cell metabolic pathways and replication. Real-time PCR of selected genes belonging to immune response, signaling, and metabolism revealed upregulated expression of CCL20, CXCL8, NFkBIA, TNFAIP3, TRAF5, CYP1A1, and NOD2. This work sheds light on the RNA transcriptome of human oral squamous carcinoma cells following stimulation with P. gingivalis membranes and identifies a strong metabolic gene expression response to this periodontal pathogen. The data provide a base for future studies of molecular and cellular interactions between P. gingivalis and oral epithelium to elucidate the basic mechanisms of periodontitis and the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.M.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jens Martin Herrmann
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.M.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- DZIF—Germen Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Eugen Domann
- DZIF—Germen Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.M.H.); (J.M.)
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Habeeb E, Aldosari S, Saghir SA, Cheema M, Momenah T, Husain K, Omidi Y, Rizvi SA, Akram M, Ansari RA. Role of Environmental Toxicants in the Development of Hypertensive and Cardiovascular Diseases. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:521-533. [PMID: 35371924 PMCID: PMC8971584 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hypertension with diabetes mellitus (DM) as a co-morbid condition is on the rise worldwide. In 2000, an estimated 972 million adults had hypertension, which is predicted to grow to 1.56 billion by 2025. Hypertension often leads to diabetes mellitus that strongly puts the patients at an increased risk of cardiovascular, kidney, and/or atherosclerotic diseases. Hypertension has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of diabetes; patients with hypertension are at two-to-three-fold higher risk of developing diabetes than patients with normal blood pressure (BP). Causes for the increase in hypertension and diabetes are not well understood, environmental factors (e.g., exposure to environmental toxicants like heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides, alcohol, and urban lifestyle) have been postulated as one of the reasons contributing to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The mechanism of action(s) of these toxicants in developing hypertension and CVDs is not well defined. Research studies have linked hypertension with the chronic consumption of alcohol and exposure to metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic have also been linked to hypertension and CVD. Workers chronically exposed to styrene have a higher incidence of CVD. Recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to particulate matter (PM) in diesel exhaust and urban air contributes to increased CVD and mortality. In this review, we have imparted the role of environmental toxicants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, PM, alcohol, and some drugs in hypertension and CVD along with possible mechanisms and limitations in extrapolating animal data to humans. Rising incidence of hypertension may be linked to chronic exposure with environmental toxicants. Urban lifestyle and alcohol intake may be responsible for increased incidence of hypertension among urbanites. Exposure with organic solvent, heavy metals and pesticides could also be contributing to the rise in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Habeeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, 3200S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33200, USA
| | - Saad Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, 3200S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33200, USA
| | - Shakil A. Saghir
- The Scotts Company LLC, Marysville, OH 43041, USA
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Cheema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, 3200S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33200, USA
| | - Tahani Momenah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, 3200S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33200, USA
| | - Kazim Husain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology (FOB-2), Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, 3200S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33200, USA
| | - Syed A.A. Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, VA 23668, USA
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rais A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, 3200S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33200, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Xia MD, Yu RR, Chen DM. Identification of Hub Biomarkers and Immune-Related Pathways Participating in the Progression of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Glomerulonephritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:809325. [PMID: 35069594 PMCID: PMC8766858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.809325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic autoimmune disease that generally induces the progression of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (GN). The purpose of this study was to identify key biomarkers and immune-related pathways involved in the progression of ANCA-associated GN (ANCA-GN) and their relationship with immune cell infiltration. Methods Gene microarray data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Hub markers for ANCA-GN were mined based on differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and lasso regression, followed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the differential genes. The infiltration levels of 28 immune cells in the expression profile and their relationship to hub gene markers were analysed using single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). In addition, the accuracy of the hub markers in diagnosing ANCA-GN was subsequently evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results A total of 651 differential genes were screened. Twelve co-expression modules were obtained via WGCNA; of which, one hub module (black module) had the highest correlation with ANCA-GN. A total of 66 intersecting genes were acquired by combining differential genes. Five hub genes were subsequently obtained by lasso analysis as potential biomarkers for ANCA-GN. The immune infiltration results revealed the most significant relationship among monocytes, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. ROC curve analysis demonstrated a prime diagnostic value of the five hub genes. According to the functional enrichment analysis of the differential genes, hub genes were mainly enhanced in immune- and inflammation-related pathways. Conclusion B cells and monocytes were closely associated with the pathogenesis of ANCA-GN. Hub genes (CYP3A5, SLC12A3, BGN, TAPBP and TMEM184B) may be involved in the progression of ANCA-GN through immune-related signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Di Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital) and Nanchong Key Laboratory of Basic Science & Clinical Research on Chronic Kidney Disease, Nanchong, China.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universtitätsmedizin Berlin, Cooperate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rui-Ran Yu
- Department of Oncology, Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, China
| | - Dong-Ming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Charité - Universtitätsmedizin Berlin, Cooperate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Wang D, Yu H, Li Y, Xu Z, Shi S, Dou D, Sun L, Zheng Z, Shi X, Deng X, Zhong X. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of the hepatoprotective effect of melatonin on ANIT-induced cholestasis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1014. [PMID: 34373700 PMCID: PMC8343461 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of melatonin on cholestatic liver injury have received widespread attention recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-cholestatic effects of melatonin against α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury in rats and to screen for potential biomarkers of cholestasis through isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics. Rats orally received melatonin (100 mg/kg body weight) or an equivalent volume of 0.25% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt 12 h after intraperitoneal injection of ANIT (75 mg/kg) and were subsequently sacrificed at 36 h after injection. Liver biochemical indices were determined and liver tissue samples were stained using hematoxylin-eosin staining, followed by iTRAQ quantitative proteomics to identify potential underlying therapeutic mechanisms and biomarkers. The results suggested that the expression levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were reduced in the rats treated with melatonin. Histopathological observation indicated that melatonin was effective in the treatment of ANIT-induced cholestasis. iTRAQ proteomics results suggested that melatonin-mediated reduction in ANIT-induced cholestasis may be associated with enhanced antioxidant function and relieving abnormal fatty acid metabolism. According to pathway enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, the major metabolic pathways for the metabolism of melatonin are fatty acid degradation, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis, carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and retinol metabolism, as well as drug metabolism via cytochrome P450. Malate dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione S-transferase Yb-3 may serve as potential targets in the treatment of ANIT-induced cholestasis with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingnan Wang
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Han Yu
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.,Formulas of Chinese Medicine, Basic Medical College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zongying Xu
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dou Dou
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xianggen Zhong
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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10
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Nair SK, Eeles C, Ho C, Beri G, Yoo E, Tkachuk D, Tang A, Nijrabi P, Smirnov P, Seo H, Jennen D, Haibe-Kains B. ToxicoDB: an integrated database to mine and visualize large-scale toxicogenomic datasets. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:W455-W462. [PMID: 32421831 PMCID: PMC7319553 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, major initiatives have been launched around the world to address chemical safety testing. These efforts aim to innovate and improve the efficacy of existing methods with the long-term goal of developing new risk assessment paradigms. The transcriptomic and toxicological profiling of mammalian cells has resulted in the creation of multiple toxicogenomic datasets and corresponding tools for analysis. To enable easy access and analysis of these valuable toxicogenomic data, we have developed ToxicoDB (toxicodb.ca), a free and open cloud-based platform integrating data from large in vitro toxicogenomic studies, including gene expression profiles of primary human and rat hepatocytes treated with 231 potential toxicants. To efficiently mine these complex toxicogenomic data, ToxicoDB provides users with harmonized chemical annotations, time- and dose-dependent plots of compounds across datasets, as well as the toxicity-related pathway analysis. The data in ToxicoDB have been generated using our open-source R package, ToxicoGx (github.com/bhklab/ToxicoGx). Altogether, ToxicoDB provides a streamlined process for mining highly organized, curated, and accessible toxicogenomic data that can be ultimately applied to preclinical toxicity studies and further our understanding of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisira Kadambat Nair
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Christopher Eeles
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Chantal Ho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Gangesh Beri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Esther Yoo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Denis Tkachuk
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Amy Tang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Parwaiz Nijrabi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Petr Smirnov
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Heewon Seo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School of Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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11
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Qi J, Zhou Z, Lim CW, Kim JW, Kim B. Amlexanox ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by reducing oxidative stress in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 385:114767. [PMID: 31697998 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amlexanox, a clinically approved small-molecule therapeutic presently used to treat allergic rhinitis, ulcer, and asthma, is an inhibitor of the noncanonical IkB kinase-ε (IKKε) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). This study was to investigate the protective mechanism of amlexanox in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with APAP (300 mg/kg, 12 h) to induce ALI and were orally administrated with amlexanox (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) one hour after APAP treatment. Inhibition of IKKε and TBK1 by treatment of amlexanox attenuated APAP-induced ALI as confirmed by decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Furthermore, amlexanox significantly decreased hepatocellular apoptosis in injured livers of mice as evidenced by histopathologic observation. Consistently, reduced oxidative stress by amlexanox was observed by increased hepatic glutathione concomitant with decreased levels of malondialdehyde. Amlexanox also enhanced expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes including heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase in injured livers of mice. Mechanistic insights into the mode of action of amlexanox against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were involved in increasing phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the protective effects of amlexanox on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were abolished by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Taken together, our findings suggest that amlexanox exerts antioxidative activities against APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity via AMPK/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Zixiong Zhou
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Bernasconi C, Pelkonen O, Andersson TB, Strickland J, Wilk-Zasadna I, Asturiol D, Cole T, Liska R, Worth A, Müller-Vieira U, Richert L, Chesne C, Coecke S. Validation of in vitro methods for human cytochrome P450 enzyme induction: Outcome of a multi-laboratory study. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:212-228. [PMID: 31158489 PMCID: PMC6718736 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CYP enzyme induction is a sensitive biomarker for phenotypic metabolic competence of in vitro test systems; it is a key event associated with thyroid disruption, and a biomarker for toxicologically relevant nuclear receptor-mediated pathways. This paper summarises the results of a multi-laboratory validation study of two in vitro methods that assess the potential of chemicals to induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity, in particular CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4. The methods are based on the use of cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and human HepaRG cells. The validation study was coordinated by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre and involved a ring trial among six laboratories. The reproducibility was assessed within and between laboratories using a validation set of 13 selected chemicals (known human inducers and non-inducers) tested under blind conditions. The ability of the two methods to predict human CYP induction potential was assessed. Chemical space analysis confirmed that the selected chemicals are broadly representative of a diverse range of chemicals. The two methods were found to be reliable and relevant in vitro tools for the assessment of human CYP induction, with the HepaRG method being better suited for routine testing. Recommendations for the practical application of the two methods are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olavi Pelkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine/Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Aapistie 5B, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland; Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Tommy B Andersson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judy Strickland
- Integrated Laboratory Systems (contractor supporting NICEATM), Research Triangle Park, North, Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - David Asturiol
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Thomas Cole
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Roman Liska
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ursula Müller-Vieira
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany. Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, an der Riss, Germany
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy-Cell, 20A, rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France(g) Biopredic International, Parc d'activité de la Bretèche Bâtiment A4, 35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Christophe Chesne
- Biopredic International, Parc d'activité de la Bretèche Bâtiment A4, 35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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13
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Zhang H, Chen Q, Dahan A, Xue J, Wei L, Tan W, Zhang G. Transcriptomic analyses reveal the molecular mechanisms of schisandrin B alleviates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats by RNA-sequencing. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108675. [PMID: 31150632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progression of chronic liver disease with lacks effective therapies at present. Schisandrin B (Sch B), a bioactive compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis, was reported to benefit liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of Sch B against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis were performed collaboratively, including analysis of differential gene expression, gene ontology (GO) analysis, pathway analysis and pathway-act-network analysis. The results demonstrated that Sch B effectively alleviated CCl4-induced liver damage and fibrosis in rats, as evidenced by improved liver function and decreased extracellular matrix deposition. Furthermore, 4440 (1878 up-regulated, 2562 down-regulated) genes in the model group versus (vs) normal group, 4243 (2584 up-regulated, 1659 down-regulated) genes in Sch B-treated group vs model group were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, GO analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolism, oxidation-reduction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis-related biological processes. Pathway analysis suggested that Sch B up-regulated cytochrome P450 drug metabolism, PPAR signaling pathways, and down-regulated glutathione metabolism pathways. In addition, the regulatory patterns of Sch B on key genes and pathways were also confirmed. In conclusion, our study demonstrated Sch B alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by multiple modulatory mechanisms, which provide new clues for further pharmacological study of Sch B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Jiyang Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Liwen Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Weifeng Tan
- Department of Laparoscopy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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14
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Pandey A, Dhabade P, Kumarasamy A. Inflammatory Effects of Subacute Exposure of Roundup in Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819843380. [PMID: 31205454 PMCID: PMC6537504 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819843380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Roundup is a popular herbicide containing glyphosate as an active ingredient. The formulation of Roundup is speculated to have critical toxic effects, one among which is chronic inflammation. The present study analyzed adverse inflammatory effects in the liver and adipose tissue of rats after a subacute exposure of Roundup. Adult male rats were exposed to various doses of Roundup (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg bodyweight [bw] glyphosate) orally, everyday for 14 days. On day 15, liver and adipose tissues from dosed rats were analyzed for inflammation markers. C-reactive protein in liver, cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and inflammatory response marker, and prostaglandin–endoperoxide synthase were upregulated in liver and adipose of rats exposed to higher (100 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) doses of Roundup. Cumulatively, our data suggest development of inflammation in lipid and hepatic organs upon exposure to Roundup. Furthermore, liver histological studies showed formation of vacuoles, fibroid tissue, and glycogen depletion in the groups treated with doses of higher Roundup. These observations suggest progression of fatty liver disease in Roundup-treated adult rats. In summary, our data suggest progression of multiorgan inflammation, liver scarring, and dysfunction post short-term exposure of Roundup in adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparamita Pandey
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prachi Dhabade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anand Kumarasamy
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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15
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Farid AS, Hegazy AM. Ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on levofloxacin-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 43:616-622. [PMID: 30782023 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1574811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are some of the most common antibiotics used by clinicians all over the world. Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is used therapeutically in numerous countries; however, it can cause an increase in liver function tests and liver dysfunction. The current study was designed to determine the effect of Levofloxacin (40 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) daily for 2 weeks) on rat liver function and oxidative stress markers as well as to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a known antioxidant herb. M. oleifera leaf extract was found to improve the hepatic dysfunction induced by Levofloxacin by recovering liver enzymatic activities (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]) to normal levels. The extract also reversed the antioxidant imbalance as measured by catalase and superoxide dismutase activities as well as by reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, M. oleifera leaf extract induced anti-inflammation by improving the production of interleukin (IL)-10. Additionally, its presence attenuated the downregulation of IL-1 induced by Levofloxacin alone from hepatic tissue. It can be concluded that M. oleifera extract can help reduce the side effects caused by Levofloxacin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Samir Farid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Medhat Hegazy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Sahari, Aswan, Egypt
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16
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Valli V, Taccari A, Di Nunzio M, Danesi F, Bordoni A. Health benefits of ancient grains. Comparison among bread made with ancient, heritage and modern grain flours in human cultured cells. Food Res Int 2018; 107:206-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Weng X, He Y, Visvabharathy L, Liao CM, Tan X, Balakumar A, Wang CR. Crosstalk between type II NKT cells and T cells leads to spontaneous chronic inflammatory liver disease. J Hepatol 2017; 67:791-800. [PMID: 28596110 PMCID: PMC5605413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Natural killer T (NKT) cells are CD1d-restricted innate-like T cells that modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Unlike the well-characterized invariant/type I NKT cells, type II NKT cells with a diverse T cell receptor repertoire are poorly understood. This study defines the pathogenic role of type II NKT cells in the etiology of chronic liver inflammation. METHODS Transgenic mice with the Lck promoter directing CD1d overexpression on T cells in Jα18 wild-type (Lck-CD1dTgJα18+; type I NKT cell sufficient) and Jα18-deficient (Lck-CD1dTgJα18o, type I NKT cell deficient) mice were analyzed for liver pathology and crosstalk between type II NKT cells and conventional T cells. CD1d expression on T cells in peripheral blood samples and liver sections from autoimmune hepatitis patients and healthy individuals were also examined. RESULTS Lck-CD1dTgJα18o and Lck-CD1dTgJα18+ mice developed similar degrees of liver pathology resembling chronic autoimmune hepatitis in humans. Increased CD1d expression on T cells promoted the activation of type II NKT cells and other T cells. This resulted in Th1-skewing and impaired Th2 cytokine production in type II NKT cells. Dysfunction of type II NKT cells was accompanied by conventional T cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, leading to a hepatic T/B lymphocyte infiltration, elevated autoantibodies and hepatic injury in Lck-CD1dTg mice. A similar mechanism could be extended to humans as CD1d expression is upregulated on activated human T cells and increased presence of CD1d-expressing T cells was observed in autoimmune hepatitis patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveals enhanced crosstalk between type II NKT cells and conventional T cells, leading to a Th1-skewed inflammatory milieu, and consequently, to the development of chronic autoimmune liver disease. Lay summary: CD1d overexpression on T cells enhances crosstalk between type II NKT cells and T cells, resulting in their aberrant activation and leading to the development of chronic autoimmune liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Weng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ying He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Lavanya Visvabharathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Chia-Min Liao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Xiaosheng Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Arjun Balakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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18
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Cichocki JA, Furuya S, Luo YS, Iwata Y, Konganti K, Chiu WA, Threadgill DW, Pogribny IP, Rusyn I. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is a Susceptibility Factor for Perchloroethylene-Induced Liver Effects in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2017; 159:102-113. [PMID: 28903486 PMCID: PMC5837635 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent pathological liver condition in developed countries. NAFLD results in severe alterations in liver function, including xenobiotic metabolism. Perchloroethylene (PERC) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, a known hepatotoxicant in rodents, and a probable human carcinogen. It is known that PERC disposition and metabolism are affected by NAFLD in mice; here, we examined how NAFLD changes PERC-associated liver effects. Male C57Bl6/J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), or methionine/folate/choline-deficient diet (MCD) to model a healthy liver, or mild and severe forms of NAFLD, respectively. After 8 weeks on diets, mice were orally administered PERC (300 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (5% aqueous Alkamuls-EL620) for 5 days. PERC-induced liver effects were exacerbated in both NAFLD groups. PERC exposure was associated with up-regulation of genes involved in xenobiotic, lipid, and glutathione metabolism, and down-regulation of the complement and coagulation cascades, regardless of the diet. Interestingly, HFD-fed mice, not MCD-fed mice, were generally more sensitive to PERC-induced liver effects. This was indicated by histopathology and transcriptional responses, where induction of genes associated with cell cycle and inflammation were prominent. Liver effects positively correlated with diet-specific differences in liver concentrations of PERC. We conclude that NAFLD alters the toxicodynamics of PERC and that NAFLD is a susceptibility factor that should be considered in future risk management decisions for PERC and other chlorinated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Cichocki
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Shinji Furuya
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Yasuhiro Iwata
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Igor P. Pogribny
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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19
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Torok NJ. Dysregulation of redox pathways in liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G667-G674. [PMID: 27562057 PMCID: PMC5142204 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00050.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are implicated in physiological signaling and cell fate decisions. In chronic liver diseases persistent and increased production of oxidative radicals drives a fibrogenic response that is a common feature of disease progression. Despite our understanding the biology of the main prooxidant enzymes, their targets, and antioxidant mechanisms in the liver, there is still lack of knowledge concerning their precise role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This review will examine the role of physiological redox signaling in the liver, provide an overview on recent advances in prooxidant and antioxidant pathways that are dysregulated during fibrosis, and highlight possible novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Torok
- UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California; and Northern California VA System, Mather, California
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20
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Ghanem CI, Pérez MJ, Manautou JE, Mottino AD. Acetaminophen from liver to brain: New insights into drug pharmacological action and toxicity. Pharmacol Res 2016; 109:119-31. [PMID: 26921661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known analgesic and antipyretic drug. It is considered to be safe when administered within its therapeutic range, but in cases of acute intoxication, hepatotoxicity can occur. APAP overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the northern hemisphere. Historically, studies on APAP toxicity have been focused on liver, with alterations in brain function attributed to secondary effects of acute liver failure. However, in the last decade the pharmacological mechanism of APAP as a cannabinoid system modulator has been documented and some articles have reported "in situ" toxicity by APAP in brain tissue at high doses. Paradoxically, low doses of APAP have been reported to produce the opposite, neuroprotective effects. In this paper we present a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of hepatic toxicity as well as a thorough review of both toxic and beneficial effects of APAP in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina I Ghanem
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María J Pérez
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Aldo D Mottino
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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