1
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Zhou X, Zhang YC, Lu KQ, Xiao R, Tang WC, Wang F. The Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated F-Actin in the Acupuncture-Induced Mitigation of Inflammatory Pain in Arthritic Rats. Brain Sci 2024; 14:380. [PMID: 38672029 PMCID: PMC11048453 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The analgesic efficacy of acupuncture has been widely recognized. However, the mechanism by which manual acupuncture-generated mechanical stimuli translate into biological signals remains unclear. This study employed a CFA-induced inflammatory pain rat model. Acupuncture intervention was then performed following standardized procedures. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assessed inflammatory cytokines levels, while immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR screened the level of p38 and F-actin expression in the ST36 acupoint area of rats. Results indicated increased inflammatory factors, including IL-1β and TNFα, with reduced paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) in CFA rats compared to unmodeled rats. After acupuncture intervention, the heightened expression level of F-actin and p38 mRNA and the phosphorylation of p38 in the acupoint area was observed alongside decreased inflammatory factors in diseased ankle joints. The application of lifting and thrusting manipulations further enhanced the effect of acupuncture, in which the molecular expression level of muscle and connective tissue increased most significantly, indicating that these two tissues play a major role in the transformation of acupuncture stimulation. Moreover, antagonizing p38 expression hindered acupuncture efficacy, supporting the hypothesis that p38 MAPK-mediated F-actin transduces mechanical signals generated by acupuncture and related manipulation into biological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fan Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.Z.); (Y.-C.Z.); (K.-Q.L.); (R.X.); (W.-C.T.)
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2
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Cantor-Vásquez S, da Silva Lima C, Alves IA, Aragón DM. Plant-based compositions for the treatment of local and topical bacterial infections: a patent review. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:535-557. [PMID: 38530361 PMCID: PMC11216502 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To examine recent patents related to plants with antimicrobial effects. Methods: Our investigation was carried out using the Espacenet database, searching patents related to International Patent Classification (IPC) codes A61P31/04, and A61K36/00 between 2008 and 2023. Results: The study began with 360 patents, of which 15 were found to be duplicates; 144 were not related to the research topic and six were not available. Then, 48 patents were related to other administration routes. The final selection was 47 patents related to local administration compositions. The potential for these herbal compositions to be marketed as over-the-counter medicines was evident. Conclusion: Developing new plant-origin anti-infective agents could provide promising solutions for combating resistant infections and offer accessible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cantor-Vásquez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila da Silva Lima
- Programa de pós graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Diana Marcela Aragón
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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3
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Zhang J, Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun S, Wu L. Involvement of microglial P2X7 receptor in pain modulation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14496. [PMID: 37950524 PMCID: PMC10805404 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a rapid response mechanism that compels organisms to retreat from the harmful stimuli and triggers a repair response. Nonetheless, when pain persists for extended periods, it can lead to adverse changes into in the individual's brain, negatively impacting their emotional state and overall quality of life. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in regulating a variety of pain-related disorders. Specifically, recent studies have shed light on the central role that microglial purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) plays in regulating pain. In this respect, the P2X7R on microglial membranes represents a potential therapeutic target. AIMS To expound on the intricate link between microglial P2X7R and pain, offering insights into potential avenues for future research. METHODS We reviewed 140 literature and summarized the important role of microglial P2X7R in regulating pain, including the structure and function of P2X7R, the relationship between P2X7R and microglial polarization, P2X7R-related signaling pathways, and the effects of P2X7R antagonists on pain regulation. RESULTS P2X7R activation is related to M1 polarization of microglia, while suppressing P2X7R can transfer microglia from M1 into M2 phenotype. And targeting the P2X7R-mediated signaling pathways helps to explore new therapy for pain alleviation. P2X7R antagonists also hold potential for translational and clinical applications in pain management. CONCLUSIONS Microglial P2X7R holds promise as a potential novel pharmacological target for clinical treatments due to its distinctive structure, function, and the development of antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Haozhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Shukai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Li‐an Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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4
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Duan X, Subbiah V, Xie C, Agar OT, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of brown seaweeds extracted by different solvents and characterization of their phenolic compounds by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3737-3757. [PMID: 37530606 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds, serving as valuable natural sources of phenolic compounds (PCs), offer various health benefits like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and potential anticancer effects. The efficient extraction of PCs from seaweed is essential to harness their further applications. This study compares the effectiveness of different solvents (ethanol, methanol, water, acetone, and ethyl acetate) for extracting PCs from four seaweed species: Ascophyllum sp., Fucus sp., Ecklonia sp., and Sargassum sp. Among them, the ethanol extract of Sargassum sp. had the highest content of total phenolics (25.33 ± 1.45 mg GAE/g) and demonstrated potent scavenging activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (33.65 ± 0.03 mg TE/g) and phosphomolybdate reduction (52.98 ± 0.47 mg TE/g). Ecklonia sp. had the highest content of total flavonoids (0.40 ± 0.02 mg QE/g) in its methanol extract, whereas its ethyl acetate extract contained the highest content of total condensed tannins (8.09 ± 0.12 mg CE/g). Fucus sp. demonstrated relatively strong antioxidant activity, with methanolic extracts exhibiting a scavenging ability against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (54.41 ± 0.24 mg TE/g) and water extracts showing ferric-reducing antioxidant power of 36.24 ± 0.06 mg TE/g. Likewise, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 61 individual PCs, including 17 phenolic acids, 32 flavonoids, and 12 other polyphenols. Ecklonia sp., particularly in the ethanol extract, exhibited the most diverse composition. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate solvents based on the specific seaweed species and desired compounds, further providing valuable guidance in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The PCs, which are secondary metabolites present in terrestrial plants and marine organisms, have garnered considerable attention due to their potential health advantages and diverse biological effects. Using various organic/inorganic solvents during the extraction process makes it possible to selectively isolate different types of PCs from seaweed species. The distinct polarity and solubility properties of each solvent enable the extraction of specific compounds, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of the phenolic composition found in the seaweed samples and guiding industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Duan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vigasini Subbiah
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Osman Tuncay Agar
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Pradi L, Andrade TES, Lacerda JWF, Karvat J, Beppler LM, Tizziani T, Santos ARS, Sandjo LP, Sandjo LP. The Antinociceptive Effect of a Hydroalcoholic Extract of Polygala altomontana and Its Chemical Profile Using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-HR-MS. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200715. [PMID: 36490384 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hydroalcoholic extract of Polygala altomontana (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, i.g.) showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive action during the inflammatory phase of the formalin test. In addition, the preparation (30 and 300 mg/kg, i.g.) showed anti-hyperalgesic action when tested on a mechanical nociception model. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS data indicated the active extract contained phenylpropanoid sucrose esters, glycosylated quercetin derivatives, styrylpyrones, and coumarins. Some identified compounds, including styrylpyrones and coumarins, have previously demonstrated antinociceptive action. The results also show that P. altomontana shows potential for developing pain-relieving herbal remedies and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pradi
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tassiane E S Andrade
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jhuly W F Lacerda
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jhenifer Karvat
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa M Beppler
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Louis P. Sandjo
- UFSC: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemistry Campus Trindade Florianópolis BRAZIL
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6
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Singla RK, Guimarães AG, Zengin G. Editorial: Application of plant secondary metabolites to pain neuromodulation, volume II. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1013063. [PMID: 36225584 PMCID: PMC9549320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1013063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Singla, ; Adriana Gibara Guimarães, ; Gokhan Zengin,
| | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Singla, ; Adriana Gibara Guimarães, ; Gokhan Zengin,
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Singla, ; Adriana Gibara Guimarães, ; Gokhan Zengin,
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7
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Ivane NMA, Haruna SA, Zekrumah M, Roméo Elysé FK, Hassan MO, Hashim SB, Tahir HE, Zhang D. Composition, mechanisms of tingling paresthesia, and health benefits of Sichuan pepper: A review of recent progress. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Hu WL, Hung YC, Tsai MY, Yen HR, Delfino DV. Editorial: Herbal Medicines in Pain Management. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:955743. [PMID: 35873568 PMCID: PMC9296844 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.955743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Fooyin University College of Nursing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wen-Long Hu,
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- China Medical University College of Chinese Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
- Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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9
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Jiang W, Tang M, Yang L, Zhao X, Gao J, Jiao Y, Li T, Tie C, Gao T, Han Y, Jiang JD. Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:851508. [PMID: 35620295 PMCID: PMC9127080 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.851508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems. The establishment of chronic pain is complex. Current medication for chronic pain mainly dependent on anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and opioidergic drugs. However, they have limited therapeutic efficacy, and some even with severe side effects. We turned our interest into alkaloids separated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), that usually act on multiple drug targets. In this article, we introduced the best-studied analgesic alkaloids derived from TCM, including tetrahydropalmatine, aloperine, oxysophocarpine, matrine, sinomenine, ligustrazine, evodiamine, brucine, tetrandrine, Stopholidine, and lappaconitine, focusing on their mechanisms and potential clinical applications. To better describe the mechanism of these alkaloids, we adopted the concept of drug-cloud (dCloud) theory. dCloud illustrated the full therapeutic spectrum of multitarget analgesics with two dimensions, which are “direct efficacy”, including inhibition of ion channels, activating γ-Aminobutyric Acid/opioid receptors, to suppress pain signal directly; and “background efficacy”, including reducing neuronal inflammation/oxidative stress, inhibition of glial cell activation, restoring the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, to cure the root causes of chronic pain. Empirical evidence showed drug combination is beneficial to 30–50% chronic pain patients. To promote the discovery of effective analgesic combinations, we introduced an ancient Chinese therapeutic regimen that combines herbal drugs with “Jun”, “Chen”, “Zuo”, and “Shi” properties. In dCloud, “Jun” drug acts directly on the major symptom of the disease; “Chen” drug generates major background effects; “Zuo” drug has salutary and supportive functions; and “Shi” drug facilitates drug delivery to the targeted tissue. Subsequently, using this concept, we interpreted the therapeutic effect of established analgesic compositions containing TCM derived analgesic alkaloids, which may contribute to the establishment of an alternative drug discovery model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Zhejiang Zhenyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
| | - Mingze Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Zhejiang Zhenyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- First Clinical Division, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safety Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianle Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Meng FB, Li JJ, Zhang Q, Li YC, Liu DY, Chen WJ, Zhang Y. Complex wall materials of polysaccharide and protein effectively protected numb-taste substance degradation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4605-4612. [PMID: 33474726 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxyl-sanshools are mainly responsible for the numb taste and biological activities of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, but they show low water solubility, high volatility and easy degradation, which limit their application in the catering and food industries. Thus microcapsules of Z. bungeanum essential oil (ZBEO) were prepared to prevent numb-taste substance attenuation. RESULTS The complex effects of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with other materials, such as konjac glucomannan octenyl succinate (KGOS), octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch (OSAS), soy protein isolate (SPI) and gum arabic (GA), on the protection of the main numb-taste substance of ZBEO were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that ZBEO was successfully encapsulated in the complex wall materials. X-ray diffraction indicated that the loaded essential oil did not affect the crystalline form of the wall material. The stability of the numb-taste substance α-sanshool in the microcapsules prepared with the complex microcapsule wall materials was higher than that in single-wall microcapsules. Storage stability evaluation indicated that microcapsules prepared with a combination of HPCD and SPI showed the greatest effect in maintaining the stability of the main numb-taste substance α-sanshool in ZBEO at room temperature, low pH and in high-salt conditions. CONCLUSION Complex wall materials of polysaccharide and protein could effectively protect the numb-taste substance degradation of Z. bungeanum during processing and storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Bing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Da-Yu Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Jia D, Sun Y, Liu G, Xue M, Huang Z, Huang C. Trifluoro-icaritin alleviates mechanical hypersensitivity and improves motor coordination and balance in rats with spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136125. [PMID: 34302890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is still one of the unsolved public health problems worldwide. Although the current reagents can attenuate neuropathic pain to a certain extent, their clinical application is very limited owing to larger toxicity and serious side effects. Trifluoro-icaritin (ICTF) has been documented to possess profound anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, but whether ICTF exerts an anti-nociceptive effect on neuropathic pain remains unknown. Here, a rat model of spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain was used. SNI rats were administrated with ICTF (i.p.) once daily lasting for 21 days, and subsequently the pain-related behaviors were evaluated by applying mechanical or thermal pain threshold, CatWalk gait parameter, and rotarod test on day 1 before and day 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 after SNI surgery, respectively. The results showed that ICTF (0.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, and 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment alleviated SNI-induced mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. After administration of ICTF at the most effective dose of 5.0 mg/kg to SNI rats, CatWalk gait analysis revealed that ICTF not only significantly enhanced gait parameters including max contact max intensity, max intensity, print area, and stand time but also decreased the swing time; Rotarod test further exhibited that ICTF could effectively prolong the time on rod and increase the rotating speed in SNI rats. Additionally, following ICTF (5.0 mg/kg) treatment of SNI rats for 21 consecutive days, the max contact max intensity was found to be positively correlated with the rotating speed. Taken together, ICTF successfully ameliorates mechanical hypersensitivity and improves the motor coordination and balance in SNI rats, suggesting that ICTF may be exploited as a potential candidate in the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Yalan Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Guangsen Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Meng Xue
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China; Pain Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China; Pain Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
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12
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Han C, Du D, Wen Y, Li J, Wang R, Jin T, Yang J, Shi N, Jiang K, Deng L, Fu X, Mukherjee R, Windsor JA, Hong J, Phillips AR, Sutton R, Huang W, Liu T, Xia Q. Chaiqin chengqi decoction ameliorates acute pancreatitis in mice via inhibition of neuron activation-mediated acinar cell SP/NK1R signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114029. [PMID: 33731310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chaiqin chengqi decoction (CQCQD) and its derivatives have been widely used in China for the early management of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Numerous studies demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of CQCQD and derivatives, but whether these effects can be attributed to suppressing neurogenic inflammation, has never been studied. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of CQCQD on substance P (SP)-neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) based neurogenic inflammation in an experimental AP model. MATERIAL AND METHODS For AP patients on admission, pain score was accessed by visual analog scale (VAS); the levels of serum SP and expressions of pancreatic SP and NK1R were also determined. For in vivo study, mice received 7 intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg) at hourly intervals to induce AP, whilst controls received normal saline injections. In the treatment groups, CQCQD (10 g/kg, 200 μl) was intragastrically given at the third, fifth, and seventh of the cerulein injection or the NK1R antagonist CP96345 (5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before the first cerulein administration. The von Frey test was performed to evaluate pain behavior. Animals were sacrificed at 12 h from the first cerulein/saline injection for severity assessment. Pharmacology network analysis was used to identify active ingredients of CQCQD for AP and pain. In vitro, freshly isolated pancreatic acinar cells were pre-treated with CQCQD (5 mg/ml), CP96345 (1 μM), or selected active compounds of CQCQD (12.5, 25, and 50 μM) for 30 min, followed by SP incubation for another 30 min. RESULTS The VAS score as well as the levels of serum SP and expressions of pancreatic SP-NK1R were up-regulated in moderately severe and severe patients compared with those with mild disease. CQCQD, but not CP96345, consistently and significantly ameliorated pain, pancreatic necrosis, and systemic inflammation in cerulein-induced AP as well as inhibited NK1R internalization of pancreatic acinar cells. These effects of CQCQD were associated with reduction of pancreatic SP-NK1R and neuron activity in pancreas, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. Baicalin, emodin, and magnolol, the top 3 active components of CQCQD identified via pharmacology network analysis, suppressed NK1R internalization and NF-κB signal pathway activation in isolated pancreatic acinar cells. CONCLUSIONS CQCQD ameliorated cerulein-induced AP and its associated pain via inhibiting neuron activation-mediated pancreatic acinar cell SP-NK1R signaling pathways and its active compounds baicalin, emodin, and magnolol contributed to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Du
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongjian Wen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiawang Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Core Research Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lihui Deng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jiwon Hong
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Anthony R Phillips
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Efferth T, Xu AL, Damiescu R, Banerjee M, Paul NW, Lee DYW. Can eastern wisdom resolve western epidemics? Traditional Chinese medicine therapies and the opioid crisis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:295-299. [PMID: 33789837 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of opioids to treat chronic pain led to a nation-wide crisis in the United States. Tens of thousands of deaths annually occur mainly due to respiratory depression, the most dangerous side effect of opioids. Non-opioid drugs and non-pharmacological treatments without addictive potential are urgently required. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is based on a completely different medical theory than academic Western medicine. The scientific basis of acupuncture and herbal treatments as main TCM practices has been considerably improved during the past two decades, and large meta-analyses with thousands of patients provide evidence for their efficacy. Furthermore, opinion leaders in the United States favor non-pharmacological techniques including TCM for pain management to fight the opioid crisis. We advocate TCM as therapeutic option without addictive potential and without life-threatening side effects (e.g., respiratory depression) to treat chronic pain patients suffering from opioid misuse. The evidence suggests that: (1) opioid misuse cannot be satisfactorily managed with standard medication; (2) opinion leaders in the United States favor to consider non-opioid and non-pharmacological treatment strategies including those from TCM to treat acute and chronic pain conditions; (3) large meta-analyses provide scientific evidence for the clinical activity of acupuncture and herbal TCM remedies in the treatment of chronic pain. Future clinical trials should demonstrate the safety of TCM treatments if combined with Western medical practices to exclude negative interactions between both modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - An-Long Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Roxana Damiescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mita Banerjee
- Obama Institute of Transnational American Studies, Department of English and Linguistics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert W Paul
- Institute for the History, Philosophy, and Ethics of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - David Y W Lee
- Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Efficacy and Safety of Blood Stasis Based Herbal Medicine for Patients with Traffic Accident : A Prospective Observational Study. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.13045/jar.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood stasis (BS) is commonly used for pattern identification in traumatic injuries, including traffic accidents (TAs). Various studies have identified the efficacy of Korean medicine treatments for TA patients, but studies focusing on the BS-based herbal medicine (BSHM), including Tongdo-san (TDS), are rare.<br/>Methods: This was a single-center, prospective observational study, conducted from August 24th, 2018 to December 27th, 2018, which included 40 TA patients. Participants underwent routine Korean medicine treatments including acupuncture, electronic moxibustion, cupping, physical therapy, and herbal medicine. In the herbal medicine treatment, participants took BSHM with more than 3 days including taking TDS. The primary outcome measures were the scores from a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcome measures included scores from EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and EQVAS questionnaires, the BS and cold/heat indices, and safety assessments.<br/>Results: There were significant improvements in the VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS scores, and BS index after treatment. In the sub-analysis, VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS scores were higher in groups with a higher BS index. The moderate and severe BS index groups showed more improvement than the minor BS index group, and there was a significant difference in the EQ-5D scores. There was no significant differences observed in cold/heat index groups scores.<br/>Conclusion: BS is associated with TA-related symptoms. BSHM, including TDS, may significantly reduce BS, pain, and discomfort.
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15
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Zhang B, Jiang Y, Cheng CS, Lin H, Guo YP. External application of two unrestricted herbal medicines to treat costochondritis in a young collegiate athlete: A case report. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:450-454. [PMID: 32712025 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Costochondritis (ChC), especially chronic ChC, typically manifests as spontaneous vague pain in anterior chest area and often occurs in adolescents for unknown reasons; it has prevented many collegiate athletes from participating in physical training and competitions. A 21-year-old female collegiate taekwondo athlete suffering from chronic chest pain was sent by her coaches for diagnosis and treatment. Seated motion palpation was used to identify spontaneous and motion-involved pain areas. Palpation in the supine position was used to initially rule out breast diseases. X-ray, electrocardiogram, and cardiac Doppler ultrasound were used in conjunction with myocardial enzyme testing to rule out lung and cardiovascular diseases. The patient was treated using herbal medicines applied via an external patch. The medicine was comprised of Rhizoma Corydalis and borneol, and the treatment lasted for seven weeks. For five weeks patches were applied at a frequency of two or three times per day, followed by a two-week period of once per day. The patient reported that the pain was relieved after two weeks of external herb use, and the autonomic chest pain had resolved. Re-examination after one month showed that her upper limb range of motion was close to normal, and her psychological burden had almost disappeared. It is possible to seek more active medicinal treatment and more practical external products for young athletes who is suffering chronic ChC that affects the sport training and competitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Sports Teaching and Research Room, Martial Arts Team, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Institute of Physical Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chun-Song Cheng
- Sports Teaching and Research Room, Martial Arts Team, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Sports Teaching and Research Room, Martial Arts Team, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China.
| | - You-Ping Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhuhai Fanghua Hospital, Zhuhai 519100, Guangdong Province, China.
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Starkus J, Jansen C, Shimoda LMN, Stokes AJ, Small-Howard AL, Turner H. Diverse TRPV1 responses to cannabinoids. Channels (Austin) 2019; 13:172-191. [PMID: 31096838 PMCID: PMC6557596 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1619436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid compounds are potential analgesics. Users of medicinal Cannabis report efficacy for pain control, clinical studies show that cannabis can be effective and opioid sparing in chronic pain, and some constituent cannabinoids have been shown to target nociceptive ion channels. Here, we explore and compare a suite of cannabinoids for their impact upon the physiology of TRPV1. The cannabinoids tested evoke differential responses in terms of kinetics of activation and inactivation. Cannabinoid activation of TRPV1 displays significant dependence on internal and external calcium levels. Cannabinoid activation of TRPV1 does not appear to induce the highly permeant, pore-dilated channel state seen with Capsaicin, even at high current amplitudes. Finally, we analyzed cannabinoid responses at nociceptive channels other than TRPV1 (TRPV2, TRPM8, and TRPA1), and report that cannabinoids differentially activate these channels. On the basis of response activation and kinetics, state-selectivity and receptor selectivity, it may be possible to rationally design approaches to pain using single or multiple cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Starkus
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - C. Jansen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - L. M. N. Shimoda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - A. J. Stokes
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - H. Turner
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Purification of tertiary and quaternary alkaloids from Rhizoma Corydalis using reversed-phase/weak cation-exchange mixed-mode class separation combined with preparative C18 and silica based strong cation-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121742. [PMID: 31387012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A new optimization strategy for purification of alkaloids from Rhizoma Corydalis using preparative liquid chromatography was developed, featuring a selective separation of different types of alkaloids into different parts by a reversed-phase/weak cation-exchange mixed-mode column (named C18WCX) at first. The total alkaloids of Rhizoma Corydalis were divided into four fractions with fraction III and IV corresponding to the tertiary type medium bases and the quaternary type strong bases, respectively. For fraction III, a conventional C18 column was used to isolate tertiary alkaloids using acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid (adjusted with triethylamine to pH 6.0) as mobile phases. High selectivity and symmetrical peak shapes of tertiary alkaloids were obtained, resulting in six main tertiary alkaloids isolated in a single run. As strong bases, quaternary alkaloids often suffer from serious peak tailing problem on conventional C18 columns. Therefore, a silica-based strong cation-exchange (SCX) column was used for purification of fraction IV. On the SCX column, good peak shapes in high sample loading were achieved. Five main quaternary alkaloids were isolated and identified from the fraction in one-step. The procedures presented effective for the preparative isolation and purification of alkaloids from Rhizoma Corydalis.
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A bioinformatics investigation into the pharmacological mechanisms of the effect of Fufang Danshen on pain based on methodologies of network pharmacology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5913. [PMID: 30976033 PMCID: PMC6459854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fufang Danshen (FFDS), a Chinese medicine formula widely used in the clinic, has proven therapeutic effects on pain relief. However, the mechanisms of these effects have not been elucidated. Here, we performed a systematic analysis to discover the mechanisms of FFDS in attenuating pain to gain a better understanding of FFDS in the treatment of other diseases accompanied by pain. Relevance analysis showed that Salvia miltiorrhizae was the best studied herb in FFDS. Most compounds in FFDS have good bioavailability, and we collected 223 targets for 35 compounds in FFDS. These targets were significantly enriched in many pathways related to pain and can be classified as signal transduction, endocrine system, nervous system and lipid metabolism. We compared Salvia miltiorrhizae and Panax notoginseng and found that they can significantly affect different pathways. Moreover, ten pain disease proteins and 45 therapeutic targets can be directly targeted by FFDS. All 45 therapeutic targets have direct or indirect connections with pain disease proteins. Forty-six pain disease proteins can be indirectly affected by FFDS, especially through heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSPA8) and transcription factor AP-1 (JUN). A total of 109 targets of FFDS were identified as significant targets.
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Chen HY, Pan HC, Chen YC, Chen YC, Lin YH, Yang SH, Chen JL, Wu HT. Traditional Chinese medicine use is associated with lower end-stage renal disease and mortality rates among patients with diabetic nephropathy: a population-based cohort study. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:81. [PMID: 30943956 PMCID: PMC6448220 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that imposes an enormous burden on the healthcare system. Although some studies show that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments confer a protective effect on DN, the long-term impact remains unclear. This study aims to examine end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality rates among TCM users with DN. Methods A total of 125,490 patients with incident DN patients from 2004 to 2006 were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan and followed until 2012. The landmark method was applied to avoid immortal time bias, and propensity score matching was used to select 1:1 baseline characteristics-matched cohort. The Kaplan–Meier method and competing-risk analysis were used to assess mortality and ESRD rates separately. Results Among all eligible subjects, about 60% of patients were classified as TCM users (65,812 TCM users and 41,482 nonusers). After 1:1 matching, the outcomes of 68,882 patients were analyzed. For the ESRD rate, the 8-year cumulative incidence was 14.5% for TCM users [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.9–15.0] and 16.6% for nonusers (95% CI: 16.0–17.2). For the mortality rate, the 8-year cumulative incidence was 33.8% for TCM users (95% CI: 33.1–34.6) and 49.2% for nonusers (95% CI: 48.5–49.9). After adjusting for confounding covariates, the cause-specific hazard ratio of ESRD was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78–0.84), and the hazard ratio of mortality for TCM users was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.47–0.50). The cumulative incidence of mortality increased rapidly among TCM users with ESRD (56.8, 95% CI: 54.6–59.1) when compared with TCM users without ESRD (30.1, 95% CI: 29.4–30.9). In addition, TCM users who used TCM longer or initiated TCM treatments after being diagnosed with DN were associated with a lower risk of mortality. These results were consistent across sensitivity tests with different definitions of TCM users and inverse probability weighting of subjects. Conclusions The lower ESRD and mortality rates among patients with incident DN correlates with the use of TCM treatments. Further studies about specific TCM modalities or medications for DN are still needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2491-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Mo Z, Li D, Zhang R, Chang M, Yang B, Tang S. Comparisons of the Effectiveness and Safety of Tuina, Acupuncture, Traction, and Chinese Herbs for Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6821310. [PMID: 31015852 PMCID: PMC6446119 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6821310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuina, acupuncture, traction, and Chinese herbs play an important role in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. However, the comparative effectiveness and safety of the four commonly utilized treatment modalities are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness and safety of the four interventions for lumbar disc herniation. METHODS Randomized controlled trials comparing any two of the four interventions in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation were identified using the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Wanfang data, and network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-one studies involving a total of 13075 patients were included. In all the outcome measurements, traction demonstrated a worst effectiveness, and Tuina and acupuncture demonstrated a best effectiveness, but no significant differences were found between Tuina and acupuncture. Compared with Tuina or acupuncture, Chinese herbs showed a similar effectiveness in Visual Analogue Score and Japanese Orthopedic Association Scores, but an inferior effectiveness in invalid rate and cure rate. CONCLUSIONS In the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, Tuina and acupuncture were superior to traction or Chinese herbs, and the effectiveness of traction was the worst. However, considering the limitations of this review, more high-quality trials, especially those comparing Chinese herbs with the other three interventions, should be carried out in the future to further confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomao Mo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Renwen Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Minmin Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Shujie Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China
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Acupuncture and Neural Mechanism in the Management of Low Back Pain-An Update. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5030063. [PMID: 29941854 PMCID: PMC6164863 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the last 10 years, the percentage of low back pain (LBP) prevalence increased by 18%. The management and high cost of LBP put a tremendous burden on the healthcare system. Many risk factors have been identified, such as lifestyle, trauma, degeneration, postural impairment, and occupational related factors; however, as high as 95% of the cases of LBP are non-specific. Currently, LBP is treated pharmacologically. Approximately 25 to 30% of the patients develop serious side effects, such as drowsiness and drug addiction. Spinal surgery often does not result in a massive improvement of pain relief. Therefore, complementary approaches are being integrated into the rehabilitation programs. These include chiropractic therapy, physiotherapy, massage, exercise, herbal medicine and acupuncture. Acupuncture for LBP is one of the most commonly used non-pharmacological pain-relieving techniques. This is due to its low adverse effects and cost-effectiveness. Currently, many randomized controlled trials and clinical research studies have produced promising results. In this article, the causes and incidence of LBP on global health care are reviewed. The importance of treatment by acupuncture is considered. The efforts to reveal the link between acupuncture points and anatomical features and the neurological mechanisms that lead to acupuncture-induced analgesic effect are reviewed.
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