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Lin Q, Lin X. Cyclic mechanical stretch pre-stimulated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote the healing of infected bone defect in a mouse model. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300070. [PMID: 37365639 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) is an effective method to accelerate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation. Here, CMS pre-stimulated bone marrow MSCs (CMS-BMSCs) was investigated, characterized and evaluated the therapeutic potential of CMS-BMSCs on the treatment of infected bone defect in mouse model. BMSCs were obtained from C57BL/6J mice and then subjected to CMS. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, Alizarin Red staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. The pre-stimulated BMSCs were transplanted into infected bone defect mice, osteogenesis, antibacterial effects, and inflammatory responses were examined. CMS significantly increased ALP activity and the expression of osteoblastic genes (col1a1, runx2, and bmp7) and enhanced osteogenic differentiation and nrf2 expression of BMSCs. Transplantation of CMS pre-stimulated BMSCs promoted the healing of infected bone defect in mice, enhanced antibacterial effects, and reduced inflammatory responses in the mid-sagittal section of the fracture callus. CMS pre-stimulated BMSCs enhance the healing of infected bone defects in a mouse model, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for treating infected bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Center for Trauma Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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2
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Gain C, Song S, Angtuaco T, Satta S, Kelesidis T. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of infections with coronaviruses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1111930. [PMID: 36713204 PMCID: PMC9880066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory tract infections and may also impact other end organs such as the central nervous system, the lung and the heart. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact on humanity. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of coronavirus infections, will set the foundation for development of new treatments to attenuate the impact of infections with coronaviruses on host cells and tissues. During infection of host cells, coronaviruses trigger an imbalance between increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant host responses that leads to increased redox stress. Subsequently, increased redox stress contributes to reduced antiviral host responses and increased virus-induced inflammation and apoptosis that ultimately drive cell and tissue damage and end organ disease. However, there is limited understanding how different coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, manipulate cellular machinery that drives redox responses. This review aims to elucidate the redox mechanisms involved in the replication of coronaviruses and associated inflammation, apoptotic pathways, autoimmunity, vascular dysfunction and tissue damage that collectively contribute to multiorgan damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Lim JJ, Suh Y, Faustman EM, Cui JY. Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids with Increasing Carbon Chain Lengths Upregulate Amino Acid Transporters and Modulate Compensatory Response of Xenobiotic Transporters in HepaRG Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1396-1413. [PMID: 34857530 PMCID: PMC9513853 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are widespread environmental pollutants for which human exposure has been documented. PFCAs at high doses are known to regulate xenobiotic transporters partly through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in rodent models. Less is known regarding how various PFCAs at a lower concentration modulate transporters for endogenous substrates, such as amino acids in human hepatocytes. Such studies are of particular importance because amino acids are involved in chemical detoxification, and their transport system may serve as a promising therapeutic target for structurally similar xenobiotics. The focus of this study was to further elucidate how PFCAs modulate transporters involved in intermediary metabolism and xenobiotic biotransformation. We tested the hepatic transcriptomic response of HepaRG cells exposed to 45 μM of perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, or perfluorodecanoic acid in triplicates for 24 hours (vehicle: 0.1% DMSO), as well as the prototypical ligands for PPARα (WY-14643, 45 μM) and CAR (6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime [CITCO], 2 μM). PFCAs with increasing carbon chain lengths (C8-C10) regulated more liver genes, with amino acid metabolism and transport ranked among the top enriched pathways and PFDA ranked as the most potent PFCA tested. Genes encoding amino acid transporters, which are essential for protein synthesis, were novel inducible targets by all three PFCAs, suggesting a potentially protective mechanism to reduce further toxic insults. None of the transporter regulations appeared to be through PPARα or CAR but potential involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is noted for all 3 PFCAs. In conclusion, PFCAs with increasing carbon chain lengths up-regulate amino acid transporters and modulate xenobiotic transporters to limit further toxic exposures in HepaRG cells. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little is known regarding how various perfluorinated carboxylic acids modulate the transporters for endogenous substrates in human liver cells. Using HepaRG cells, this study is among the first to show that perfluorinated carboxylic acids with increasing carbon chain lengths upregulate amino acid transporters, which are essential for protein synthesis, and modulate xenobiotic transporters to limit further toxic exposures at concentrations lower than what was used in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Youjun Suh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Rockwell CE, Jin Y, Boss AP, Kaiser LM, Awali S. The Complicated Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2 in Allergy and Asthma. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:500-507. [PMID: 34930784 PMCID: PMC11022934 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-activated transcription factor that is highly responsive to oxidative stress and electrophilic stimuli. Upon activation, Nrf2 upregulates a battery of cytoprotective genes meant to prevent cell death or damage. In many models of inflammation, Nrf2 protects against the immune response and decreases injury, including in the context of asthma and allergy. However, in some models of asthma and allergy, Nrf2 either does not play a role or can even exacerbate inflammation. In general, the reasons behind these discrepancies are not clear and the mechanisms by which Nrf2 modulates immune response are largely uncharacterized. The aim of this review is to highlight current literature assessing the role of Nrf2 in allergy and asthma to understand Nrf2 as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is an important immune mediator that modulates numerous immune cell types in various inflammatory diseases, including allergy and asthma. There is considerable interest in Nrf2 as a drug target in inflammation, which is complicated by the complex nature of Nrf2 in the immune system. This review focuses on the role of Nrf2 in asthma and allergy, including in regulating immune cell function and in detoxifying xenobiotics that exacerbate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yining Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Allison P Boss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Luca M Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Saamera Awali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Lage SL, Amaral EP, Hilligan KL, Laidlaw E, Rupert A, Namasivayan S, Rocco J, Galindo F, Kellogg A, Kumar P, Poon R, Wortmann GW, Shannon JP, Hickman HD, Lisco A, Manion M, Sher A, Sereti I. Persistent Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Activation in CD14 highCD16 - Monocytes From COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 12:799558. [PMID: 35095880 PMCID: PMC8795739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor outcome of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is associated with systemic hyperinflammatory response and immunopathology. Although inflammasome and oxidative stress have independently been implicated in COVID-19, it is poorly understood whether these two pathways cooperatively contribute to disease severity. Herein, we found an enrichment of CD14highCD16- monocytes displaying inflammasome activation evidenced by caspase-1/ASC-speck formation in severe COVID-19 patients when compared to mild ones and healthy controls, respectively. Those cells also showed aberrant levels of mitochondrial superoxide and lipid peroxidation, both hallmarks of the oxidative stress response, which strongly correlated with caspase-1 activity. In addition, we found that NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β secretion by SARS-CoV-2-exposed monocytes in vitro was partially dependent on lipid peroxidation. Importantly, altered inflammasome and stress responses persisted after short-term patient recovery. Collectively, our findings suggest oxidative stress/NLRP3 signaling pathway as a potential target for host-directed therapy to mitigate early COVID-19 hyperinflammation and also its long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lucena Lage
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eduardo Pinheiro Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kerry L. Hilligan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Immune Cell Biology Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Laidlaw
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adam Rupert
- AIDS Monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Rocco
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Frances Galindo
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anela Kellogg
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Rita Poon
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Glenn W. Wortmann
- Section of Infectious Diseases, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - John P. Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea Lisco
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maura Manion
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irini Sereti
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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