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Zhang X, Zhang X, Wen Z, Wang Y, Li H, Mochizuki K, Yao J. Key Roles of Free Cations in Modulating the Reaction Rate in Imidazolium Ionic Liquid-Dimethyl Sulfoxide Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39378137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) are widely utilized in various fields due to their distinctive properties. However, their high viscosity limits their application in specific reactions, and mixing ILs with organic components is a way to solve this problem. While previous studies mainly focused on the structural changes of ILs after adding organic molecules, no studies elucidated the influence of their existing species on chemical reactions. In this study, aerobic α-hydroxylation of 2-methylcyclohexanone was chosen as a model reaction, and the reaction rate was found to be adjusted by varying imidazolium concentration in its mixtures with dimethyl sulfoxide. To elucidate the mechanism, the distribution of species in an IL solution and its change with concentration were studied by molecular dynamics simulations, and the results revealed the significant impact of the concentration of free cations on the reaction rate. The interaction between the ionic species and reaction intermediate, as calculated by density functional theory, highlighted the crucial role of free cations in this reaction. This study demonstrates the feasibility of tuning the concentration of free cations by varying the concentration of the IL solution, establishing the relationship between its microstructure and chemical reaction efficiency, thus providing vital information for the design and application of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kenji Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Sahiba N, Teli P, Meena P, Agarwal S. Exploring the Synthetic and Antioxidant Potential of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles Using [Et 3NH][HSO 4] Ionic Liquid Catalyst. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301159. [PMID: 37718514 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
An [Et3NH][HSO4] ionic-liquid catalyzed, intermolecular C-N bond formation for 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole synthesis was achieved by the reaction of OPD and substituted aldehydes at ambient reaction conditions. Operational simplicity, use of easily available substrate and reagents, good yields (74-95 %) in short reaction time (4-18 min), simple work-up, and column chromatographic free synthesis are the remarkable features of this new protocol. The applicability of [Et3NH][HSO4] ionic-liquid as a green and inexpensive catalyst with good recyclability and compatibility with a broad range of functional group having heteroatom, electron-withdrawing, and electron-releasing groups manifested the sustainability, eco-friendliness, and efficiency of the present methodology. Moreover, the antioxidant studies of the synthesized compounds using DPPH and ABTS assays were appealing and several synthesized compounds showed significant antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Teli
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyadarshi Meena
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
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Hsieh AY, Haines RS, Harper JB. Effects of Ionic Liquids on the Nucleofugality of Bromide. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6247-6256. [PMID: 38655582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The nucleofugality of bromide was measured in solvent mixtures containing ionic liquids. The solvolysis rate constants of the bromides of well-defined electrofuges were determined in mixtures containing different proportions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in ethanol. Temperature-dependent kinetic studies allowed an explanation of the observed solvent effects in different mixtures in terms of interactions in solution. Using the solvolysis data, the nucleofugality of bromide in these systems was determined. Likewise, nucleofugality data for bromide were determined in mixtures containing high proportions of seven further ionic liquids. These data allowed quantification of the effects of both varying the amount of ionic liquid and the nature of ionic liquid components on the nucleofugality of bromide. Importantly, ionic liquid mixtures were shown to affect the nucleofugality in a manner similar to chloride, providing a method for predicting the effects of ionic liquids on other electrofuges. Further, the ionic liquids were shown to move the transition state earlier along the reaction coordinate, meaning that there is less charge development in the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Hsieh
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ronald S Haines
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jason B Harper
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Coney MD, Morris DC, Gilbert A, Prescott SW, Haines RS, Harper JB. Effects of Ionic Liquids on the Nucleofugality of Chloride. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1767-1779. [PMID: 34756050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleofugality of chloride has been measured in solvent mixtures containing ionic liquids for the first time, allowing reactivity in these solvents to be put in context with molecular solvents. Using well-described electrofuges, solvolysis rate constants were determined in mixtures containing different proportions of ethanol and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the different solvent effects observed as the mixture changed could be explained using interactions of the ionic liquid with species along the reaction coordinate, determined using temperature dependent kinetic studies. The solvolysis data allowed determination of the nucleofugality of chloride in these mixtures, which varied with the proportion of salt in the reaction mixture, demonstrating quantitatively the importance of the amount of ionic liquid in the reaction mixture in determining reaction outcome. Nucleofugality data for chloride were determined in seven further ionic liquids, with the reactivity shown to vary over more than an order of magnitude. This outcome illustrates that the components of the ionic liquid are critical in determining reaction outcome. Overall, this work quantitatively extends the understanding of solvent effects in ionic liquids and demonstrates the potential for such information to be used to rationally select an ionic liquid to control reaction outcome.
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Bhongale P, Joshi S, Mali N. A comprehensive review on catalytic O-alkylation of phenol and hydroquinone. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2021.1930490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhongale
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sunil Joshi
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Nilesh Mali
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Draye M, Chatel G, Duwald R. Ultrasound for Drug Synthesis: A Green Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E23. [PMID: 32024033 PMCID: PMC7168956 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This last century, the development of new medicinal molecules represents a real breakthrough in terms of humans and animal life expectancy and quality of life. However, this success is tainted by negative environmental consequences. Indeed, the synthesis of drug candidates requires the use of many chemicals, solvents, and processes that are very hazardous, toxic, energy consuming, expensive, and generates a large amount of waste. Many large pharmaceutical companies have thus moved to using green chemistry practices for drug discovery, development, and manufacturing. One of them is the use of energy-efficient activation techniques, such as ultrasound. This review summarizes the latest most representative works published on the use of ultrasound for sustainable bioactive molecules synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Draye
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc—LCME, F-73000 Chambéry, France; (G.C.); (R.D.)
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Das S, Kashyap N, Kalita S, Bora DB, Borah R. A brief insight into the physicochemical properties of room-temperature acidic ionic liquids and their catalytic applications in C C bond formation reactions. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schindl A, Hagen ML, Muzammal S, Gunasekera HAD, Croft AK. Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Reactions, Applications, and Futures. Front Chem 2019; 7:347. [PMID: 31179267 PMCID: PMC6543490 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer processing and handling is greatly facilitated by the use of ionic liquids, given the increased solubility, and in some cases, structural stability imparted to these molecules. Focussing on proteins, we highlight here not just the key drivers behind protein-ionic liquid interactions that facilitate these functionalities, but address relevant current and potential applications of protein-ionic liquid interactions, including areas of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schindl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L. Hagen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shafaq Muzammal
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henadira A. D. Gunasekera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K. Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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