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Zhong YT, Liao HB, Ye ZQ, Jiang HS, Li JX, Ke LM, Hua JY, Wei B, Wu X, Cui L. Eurycomanone stimulates bone mineralization in zebrafish larvae and promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by upregulating AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling. J Orthop Translat 2023; 40:132-146. [PMID: 37457309 PMCID: PMC10338906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eurycomanone (EN) is a diterpenoid compound isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia). Previous studies have confirmed that E. longifolia can enhance bone regeneration and bone strength. We previously isolated and identified ten quassinoids from E. longifolia, and the result displayed that five aqueous extracts have the effects on promotion of bone formation, among whom EN showed the strongest activity. However, the molecular mechanism of EN on bone formation was unknown, and we further investigated in this study. Methods After the verification of purity of extracted EN, following experiments were conducted. Firstly, the pharmacologic action of EN on normal bone mineralization and the therapeutic effect of EN on Dex-induced bone loss using zebrafish larvae. The mineralization area and integral optical density (IOD) were evaluated using alizarin red staining. Then the vital signaling pathways of EN relevant to OP was identified through network pharmacology analysis. Eventually in vitro, the effect of EN on cell viability, osteogenesis activities were investigated in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and C3H10 cells, and the molecular mechanisms by which applying AKT inhibitor A-443654 in hMSCs. Results In zebrafish larvae, the administration in medium of EN (0.2, 1, and 5 μM) dramatically enhanced the skull mineralization area and integral optical density (IOD), and increased mRNA expressions of osteoblast formation genes (ALP, RUNX2a, SP7, OCN). Meanwhile, exposure of EN remarkably alleviated the inhibition of bone formation induced by dexamethasone (Dex), prominently improved the mineralization, up-regulated osteoblast-specific genes and down-regulated osteoclast-related genes (CTSK, RANKL, NFATc1, TRAF6) in Dex-treated bone loss zebrafish larvae. Network pharmacology outcomes showed the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways are closely associated with 10 hub genes (especially AKT1), and AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin was selected as the candidate analysis pathway. In hMSCs and C3H10 cells, results showed that EN at appropriate concentrations of 0.008-5 μM effectively increased the cell proliferation. In addition, EN (0.04, 0.2, and 1 μM) significantly stimulated osteogenic differentiation and mineralization as well as significantly increased the protein phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, and expression of β-catenin, evidencing by the results of ALP and ARS staining, qPCR and western blotting. Whereas opposite results were presented in hMSCs when treated with AKT inhibitor A-443654, which effectively inhibited the pro-osteogenesis effect induced by EN, suggesting EN represent powerful potential in promoting osteogenesis of hMSCs, which may be closely related to the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusions Altogether, our findings indicate that EN possesses remarkable effect on bone formation via activating AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in most tested concentrations. The translational potential of this article This study demonstrates EN is a new effective monomer in promoting bone formation, which may be a promising anabolic agent for osteoporosis (OP) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ting Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, And School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hong-bo Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, And School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, And School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua-sheng Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jia-xiao Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-mao Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, And School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jun-ying Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, And School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xin Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, And School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Ritter DJ, Choudhary D, Unlu G, Knapik EW. Rgp1 contributes to craniofacial cartilage development and Rab8a-mediated collagen II secretion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1120420. [PMID: 36843607 PMCID: PMC9947155 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1120420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rgp1 was previously identified as a component of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex to activate Rab6a-mediated trafficking events in and around the Golgi. While the role of Rgp1 in protein trafficking has been examined in vitro and in yeast, the role of Rgp1 during vertebrate embryogenesis and protein trafficking in vivo is unknown. Using genetic, CRISPR-induced zebrafish mutants for Rgp1 loss-of-function, we found that Rgp1 is required for craniofacial cartilage development. Within live rgp1-/- craniofacial chondrocytes, we observed altered movements of Rab6a+ vesicular compartments, consistent with a conserved mechanism described in vitro. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence analyses, we show that Rgp1 plays a role in the secretion of collagen II, the most abundant protein in cartilage. Our overexpression experiments revealed that Rab8a is a part of the post-Golgi collagen II trafficking pathway. Following loss of Rgp1, chondrocytes activate an Arf4b-mediated stress response and subsequently respond with nuclear DNA fragmentation and cell death. We propose that an Rgp1-regulated Rab6a-Rab8a pathway directs secretion of ECM cargoes such as collagen II, a pathway that may also be utilized in other tissues where coordinated trafficking and secretion of collagens and other large cargoes is required for normal development and tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Ritter
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Dharmendra Choudhary
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Gokhan Unlu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ela W. Knapik
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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3
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Luderman LN, Michaels MT, Levic DS, Knapik EW. Zebrafish Erc1b mediates motor innervation and organization of craniofacial muscles in control of jaw movement. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:104-123. [PMID: 35708710 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement of the lower jaw, a common behavior observed among vertebrates, is required for eating and processing food. This movement is controlled by signals sent from the trigeminal motor nerve through neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) to the masticatory muscles. Dysfunctional jaw movements contribute to craniomandibular disorders, yet the pathophysiology of these disorders is not well understood, as limited studies have been conducted on the molecular mechanisms of jaw movement. RESULTS Using erc1b/kimm533 genetic loss of function mutant, we evaluated lower jaw muscle organization and innervation by the cranial motor nerves in developing zebrafish. Using time-lapse confocal imaging of the erc1b mutant in a transgenic fluorescent reporter line, we found delayed trigeminal nerve growth and disrupted nerve branching architecture during muscle innervation. By automated 3D image analysis of NMJ distribution, we identified an increased number of small, disorganized NMJ clusters in erc1b mutant larvae compared to WT siblings. Using genetic replacement experiments, we determined the Rab GTPase binding domain of Erc1b is required for cranial motor nerve branching, but not NMJ organization or muscle attachment. CONCLUSIONS We identified Erc1b/ERC1 as a novel component of a genetic pathway contributing to muscle organization, trigeminal nerve outgrowth, and NMJ spatial distribution during development that is required for jaw movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn N Luderman
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mackenzie T Michaels
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel S Levic
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Rosa JT, Tarasco M, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Screening of Mineralogenic and Osteogenic Compounds in Zebrafish—Tools to Improve Assay Throughput and Data Accuracy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080983. [PMID: 36015130 PMCID: PMC9412667 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone disorders affect millions of people worldwide and treatments currently available often produce undesirable secondary effects or have limited efficacy. It is therefore of the utmost interest for patients to develop more efficient drugs with reduced off-target activities. In the long process of drug development, screening and preclinical validation have recently gained momentum with the increased use of zebrafish as a model organism to study pathological processes related to human bone disorders, and the development of zebrafish high-throughput screening assays to identify bone anabolic compounds. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the literature on zebrafish bone-related assays and evaluated their performance towards an integration into screening pipelines for the discovery of mineralogenic/osteogenic compounds. Tools available to standardize fish housing and feeding procedures, synchronize embryo production, and automatize specimen sorting and image acquisition/analysis toward faster and more accurate screening outputs were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T. Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- GreenColab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Le Pabic P, Dranow DB, Hoyle DJ, Schilling TF. Zebrafish endochondral growth zones as they relate to human bone size, shape and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1060187. [PMID: 36561564 PMCID: PMC9763315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1060187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the genetic mechanisms underlying human skeletal development and disease have largely relied on studies in mice. However, recently the zebrafish has emerged as a popular model for skeletal research. Despite anatomical differences such as a lack of long bones in their limbs and no hematopoietic bone marrow, both the cell types in cartilage and bone as well as the genetic pathways that regulate their development are remarkably conserved between teleost fish and humans. Here we review recent studies that highlight this conservation, focusing specifically on the cartilaginous growth zones (GZs) of endochondral bones. GZs can be unidirectional such as the growth plates (GPs) of long bones in tetrapod limbs or bidirectional, such as in the synchondroses of the mammalian skull base. In addition to endochondral growth, GZs play key roles in cartilage maturation and replacement by bone. Recent studies in zebrafish suggest key roles for cartilage polarity in GZ function, surprisingly early establishment of signaling systems that regulate cartilage during embryonic development, and important roles for cartilage proliferation rather than hypertrophy in bone size. Despite anatomical differences, there are now many zebrafish models for human skeletal disorders including mutations in genes that cause defects in cartilage associated with endochondral GZs. These point to conserved developmental mechanisms, some of which operate both in cranial GZs and limb GPs, as well as others that act earlier or in parallel to known GP regulators. Experimental advantages of zebrafish for genetic screens, high resolution live imaging and drug screens, set the stage for many novel insights into causes and potential therapies for human endochondral bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Willmington, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Pierre Le Pabic, ; Thomas F. Schilling,
| | - Daniel B. Dranow
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Diego J. Hoyle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Thomas F. Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pierre Le Pabic, ; Thomas F. Schilling,
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Marí-Beffa M, Mesa-Román AB, Duran I. Zebrafish Models for Human Skeletal Disorders. Front Genet 2021; 12:675331. [PMID: 34490030 PMCID: PMC8418114 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.675331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the Nosology Committee of the International Skeletal Dysplasia Society provided an updated version of the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. This is a reference list of recognized diseases in humans and their causal genes published to help clinician diagnosis and scientific research advances. Complementary to mammalian models, zebrafish has emerged as an interesting species to evaluate chemical treatments against these human skeletal disorders. Due to its versatility and the low cost of experiments, more than 80 models are currently available. In this article, we review the state-of-art of this “aquarium to bedside” approach describing the models according to the list provided by the Nosology Committee. With this, we intend to stimulate research in the appropriate direction to efficiently meet the actual needs of clinicians under the scope of the Nosology Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana B Mesa-Román
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
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7
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Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Jia S, Wu X, Wu Y, Cui X, Tao B, Zhu Z, Hu W. Multiple Developmental Defects in sox11a Mutant Zebrafish with Features of Coffin-Siris Syndrome. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:3039-3049. [PMID: 33061816 PMCID: PMC7545714 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study suggested that human Coffin-Siris syndrome is related to the mutation of SOX11. Since the homozygous SOX11 mutant mice died soon after birth, no suitable model was available for the study of the pathogenic mechanism of Coffin-Siris syndrome. To solve this problem, we generated two viable homozygous zebrafish mutants, sox11am/m and sox11bm/m. We found that the sox11am/m mutant possessed Coffin-Siris syndrome features. The sox11am/m mutants exhibited growth deficiency from 3.3 hpf embryos to adulthood. Furthermore, the sox11am/m mutant also displayed microcephaly, narrow pupillary distance, achondroplasia, and bone deformity in adults. Growth deficiency could be rescued by the injection of sox11a mRNA at the one-cell stage. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to cartilage and bone were downregulated in the sox11am/m mutant, indicating that sox11a mainly affected the growth and development of zebrafish by regulating the expression of genes related to skeletal development. Our results indicate that sox11am/m mutant zebrafish offered a potential model system to help with the search for pathogenic mechanisms of human Coffin-Siris syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunya Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuefan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binbin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Sun X, Zhang R, Chen H, Du X, Chen S, Huang J, Liu M, Xu M, Luo F, Jin M, Su N, Qi H, Yang J, Tan Q, Zhang D, Ni Z, Liang S, Zhang B, Chen D, Zhang X, Luo L, Chen L, Xie Y. Fgfr3 mutation disrupts chondrogenesis and bone ossification in zebrafish model mimicking CATSHL syndrome partially via enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Theranostics 2020; 10:7111-7130. [PMID: 32641982 PMCID: PMC7330844 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CATSHL syndrome, characterized by camptodactyly, tall stature and hearing loss, is caused by loss-of-function mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptors 3 (FGFR3) gene. Most manifestations of patients with CATSHL syndrome start to develop in the embryonic stage, such as skeletal overgrowth, craniofacial abnormalities, however, the pathogenesis of these phenotypes especially the early maldevelopment remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, there are no effective therapeutic targets for this skeleton dysplasia. Methods: We generated fgfr3 knockout zebrafish by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to study the developmental mechanisms and therapeutic targets of CATSHL syndrome. Several zebrafish transgenic lines labeling osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and live Alizarin red staining were used to analyze the dynamical skeleton development in fgfr3 mutants. Western blotting, whole mount in situ hybridization, Edu labeling based cell proliferation assay and Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist were used to explore the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Results: We found that fgfr3 mutant zebrafish, staring from early development stage, showed craniofacial bone malformation with microcephaly and delayed closure of cranial sutures, chondroma-like lesion and abnormal development of auditory sensory organs, partially resembling the clinical manifestations of patients with CATSHL syndrome. Further studies showed that fgfr3 regulates the patterning and shaping of pharyngeal arches and the timely ossification of craniofacial skeleton. The abnormal development of pharyngeal arch cartilage is related to the augmented hypertrophy and disordered arrangement of chondrocytes, while decreased proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts may be involved in the delayed maturation of skull bones. Furthermore, we revealed that deficiency of fgfr3 leads to enhanced IHH signaling and up-regulated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin could partially alleviate the phenotypes of fgfr3 mutants. Conclusions: Our study further reveals some novel phenotypes and underlying developmental mechanism of CATSHL syndrome, which deepens our understanding of the pathogenesis of CATSHL and the role of fgfr3 in skeleton development. Our findings provide evidence that modulation of Wnt/β-catenin activity could be a potential therapy for CATSHL syndrome and related skeleton diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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10
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Unlu G, Qi X, Gamazon ER, Melville DB, Patel N, Rushing AR, Hashem M, Al-Faifi A, Chen R, Li B, Cox NJ, Alkuraya FS, Knapik EW. Phenome-based approach identifies RIC1-linked Mendelian syndrome through zebrafish models, biobank associations and clinical studies. Nat Med 2020; 26:98-109. [PMID: 31932796 PMCID: PMC7147997 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of genotype-phenotype relationships remains a major challenge in clinical medicine. Here, we combined three sources of phenotypic data to uncover a novel mechanism for rare and common diseases resulting from collagen secretion deficits. Using zebrafish genetic screen, we identified the ric1 gene to be essential for skeletal biology. Using a gene-based phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in the EHR-linked BioVU biobank, we show that reduced genetically determined expression of RIC1 is associated with musculoskeletal and dental conditions. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified individuals homozygous-by-descent for a rare variant in RIC1, and, through a guided clinical re-evaluation, they were discovered to share signs with the BioVU-associated phenome. We named this novel Mendelian syndrome CATIFA (Cleft lip, cAtaract, Tooth abnormality, Intellectual disability, Facial dysmorphism, ADHD), and revealed further disease mechanisms. This gene-based PheWAS-guided approach can accelerate the discovery of clinically relevant disease phenome and associated biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Unlu
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinzi Qi
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Melville
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nisha Patel
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amy R Rushing
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Faifi
- Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rui Chen
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Matchett EF, Wang S, Crawford BD. Paralogues of Mmp11 and Timp4 Interact during the Development of the Myotendinous Junction in the Zebrafish Embryo. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7040022. [PMID: 31816958 PMCID: PMC6955687 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myotendinous junction (MTJ) undergoes dramatic physical and biochemical remodeling during the first 48 h of development in zebrafish, transforming from a rectangular fibronectin-dominated somite boundary to a chevron-shaped laminin-dominated MTJ. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (Mmp11, a.k.a. Stromelysin-3) is both necessary and sufficient for the removal of fibronectin at the MTJ, but whether this protease acts directly on fibronectin and how its activity is regulated remain unknown. Using immunofluorescence, we show that both paralogues of Mmp11 accumulate at the MTJ during this time period, but with Mmp11a present early and later replaced by Mmp11b. Moreover, Mmp11a also accumulates intracellularly, associated with the Z-discs of sarcomeres within skeletal muscle cells. Using the epitope-mediated MMP activation (EMMA) assay, we show that despite having a weaker paired basic amino acid motif in its propeptide than Mmp11b, Mmp11a is activated by furin, but may also be activated by other mechanisms intracellularly. One or both paralogues of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-4 (Timp4) are also present at the MTJ throughout this process, and yeast two-hybrid assays reveal distinct and specific interactions between various domains of these proteins. We propose a model in which Mmp11a activity is modulated (but not inhibited) by Timp4 during early MTJ remodeling, followed by a phase in which Mmp11b activity is both inhibited and spatially constrained by Timp4 in order to maintain the structural integrity of the mature MTJ.
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12
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Zebrafish Models of Human Skeletal Disorders: Embryo and Adult Swimming Together. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1253710. [PMID: 31828085 PMCID: PMC6886339 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1253710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an elective model organism for the study of vertebrate development because of its high degree of homology with human genes and organs, including bone. Zebrafish embryos, because of the optical clarity, small size, and fast development, can be easily used in large-scale mutagenesis experiments to isolate mutants with developmental skeletal defects and in high-throughput screenings to find new chemical compounds for the ability to revert the pathological phenotype. On the other hand, the adult zebrafish represents another powerful resource for pathogenic and therapeutic studies about adult human bone diseases. In fish, some characteristics such as bone turnover, reparation, and remodeling of the adult bone tissue cannot be found at the embryonic stage. Several pathological models have been established in adult zebrafish such as bone injury models, osteoporosis, and genetic diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta. Given the growing interest for metabolic diseases and their complications, adult zebrafish models of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been recently generated and analyzed for bone complications using scales as model system. Interestingly, an osteoporosis-like phenotype has been found to be associated with metabolic alterations suggesting that bone complications share the same mechanisms in humans and fish. Embryo and adult represent powerful resources in rapid development to study bone physiology and pathology from different points of view.
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13
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Sun X, Zhang R, Liu M, Chen H, Chen L, Luo F, Zhang D, Huang J, Li F, Ni Z, Qi H, Su N, Jin M, Yang J, Tan Q, Du X, Chen B, Huang H, Chen S, Yin L, Xu X, Deng C, Luo L, Xie Y, Chen L. Rmrp Mutation Disrupts Chondrogenesis and Bone Ossification in Zebrafish Model of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia via Enhanced Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:2101-2116. [PMID: 31237961 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is an autosomal recessive metaphyseal chondrodysplasia characterized by bone dysplasia and many other highly variable features. The gene responsible for CHH is the RNA component of the mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) gene. Currently, the pathogenesis of osteochondrodysplasia and extraskeletal manifestations in CHH patients remains incompletely understood; in addition, there are no viable animal models for CHH. We generated an rmrp KO zebrafish model to study the developmental mechanisms of CHH. We found that rmrp is required for the patterning and shaping of pharyngeal arches. Rmrp mutation inhibits the intramembranous ossification of skull bones and promotes vertebrae ossification. The abnormalities of endochondral bone ossification are variable, depending on the degree of dysregulated chondrogenesis. Moreover, rmrp mutation inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through dysregulating the expressions of cell-cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. We also demonstrate that rmrp mutation upregulates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling; the pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin could partially alleviate the chondrodysplasia and increased vertebrae mineralization in rmrp mutants. Our study, by establishing a novel zebrafish model for CHH, partially reveals the underlying mechanism of CHH, hence deepening our understanding of the role of rmrp in skeleton development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianding Sun
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Nan Su
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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14
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Unlu G, Gamazon ER, Qi X, Levic DS, Bastarache L, Denny JC, Roden DM, Mayzus I, Breyer M, Zhong X, Konkashbaev AI, Rzhetsky A, Knapik EW, Cox NJ. GRIK5 Genetically Regulated Expression Associated with Eye and Vascular Phenomes: Discovery through Iteration among Biobanks, Electronic Health Records, and Zebrafish. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:503-519. [PMID: 30827500 PMCID: PMC6407495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the use of model systems for studying the mechanism of mutations that have a large effect is common, we highlight here the ways that zebrafish-model-system studies of a gene, GRIK5, that contributes to the polygenic liability to develop eye diseases have helped to illuminate a mechanism that implicates vascular biology in eye disease. A gene-expression prediction derived from a reference transcriptome panel applied to BioVU, a large electronic health record (EHR)-linked biobank at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, implicated reduced GRIK5 expression in diverse eye diseases. We tested the function of GRIK5 by depletion of its ortholog in zebrafish, and we observed reduced blood vessel numbers and integrity in the eye and increased vascular permeability. Analyses of EHRs in >2.6 million Vanderbilt subjects revealed significant comorbidity of eye and vascular diseases (relative risks 2-15); this comorbidity was confirmed in 150 million individuals from a large insurance claims dataset. Subsequent studies in >60,000 genotyped BioVU participants confirmed the association of reduced genetically predicted expression of GRIK5 with comorbid vascular and eye diseases. Our studies pioneer an approach that allows a rapid iteration of the discovery of gene-phenotype relationships to the primary genetic mechanism contributing to the pathophysiology of human disease. Our findings also add dimension to the understanding of the biology driven by glutamate receptors such as GRIK5 (also referred to as GLUK5 in protein form) and to mechanisms contributing to human eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Unlu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9AL, UK
| | - Xinzi Qi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel S Levic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joshua C Denny
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ilya Mayzus
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Max Breyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anuar I Konkashbaev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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15
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Bergen DJM, Kague E, Hammond CL. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Osteoporosis: A Primary Testing Platform for Screening New Osteo-Active Compounds. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:6. [PMID: 30761080 PMCID: PMC6361756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is metabolic bone disease caused by an altered balance between bone anabolism and catabolism. This dysregulated balance is responsible for fragile bones that fracture easily after minor falls. With an aging population, the incidence is rising and as yet pharmaceutical options to restore this imbalance is limited, especially stimulating osteoblast bone-building activity. Excitingly, output from large genetic studies on people with high bone mass (HBM) cases and genome wide association studies (GWAS) on the population, yielded new insights into pathways containing osteo-anabolic players that have potential for drug target development. However, a bottleneck in development of new treatments targeting these putative osteo-anabolic genes is the lack of animal models for rapid and affordable testing to generate functional data and that simultaneously can be used as a compound testing platform. Zebrafish, a small teleost fish, are increasingly used in functional genomics and drug screening assays which resulted in new treatments in the clinic for other diseases. In this review we outline the zebrafish as a powerful model for osteoporosis research to validate potential therapeutic candidates, describe the tools and assays that can be used to study bone homeostasis, and affordable (semi-)high-throughput compound testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. M. Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissy L. Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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