1
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Lin JF, Chang KL, Hsieh BS, Hu YC, Huang ES, Yu HS. Development of validated sandwich ELISA for detecting peanut allergen Ara h 3 in food. Food Chem 2024; 445:138757. [PMID: 38367563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Peanut is an important food that can cause food allergies, often leading to moderate and severe allergic symptoms such as skin rashes, asthma, and even anaphylactic shock.Research indicates that Ara h 3 is one of the major peanut allergen. In order to establish a simple analytical method for detecting Ara h 3, we developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antibodies that were induced from purified Ara h 3. The experimental results showed that the purified Ara h 3 had good purity, and we successfully prepared capture and detection antibodies. The method established in this study exhibited high specificity and did not cross-react with soybeans, cashew nuts, and sesame. For validation, including precision, recovery and sensitivity were in good condition. We also detected the Ara h 3 in peanut related foods. Overall, the ELISA developed in this study is a reliable method for Ara h 3 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Fong Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Bau-Shan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Edward S Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA.
| | - Hsu-Sheng Yu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
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2
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Klčová B, Balarynová J, Trněný O, Krejčí P, Cechová MZ, Leonova T, Gorbach D, Frolova N, Kysil E, Orlova A, Ihling С, Frolov A, Bednář P, Smýkal P. Domestication has altered gene expression and secondary metabolites in pea seed coat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:2269-2295. [PMID: 38578789 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The mature seed in legumes consists of an embryo and seed coat. In contrast to knowledge about the embryo, we know relatively little about the seed coat. We analyzed the gene expression during seed development using a panel of cultivated and wild pea genotypes. Gene co-expression analysis identified gene modules related to seed development, dormancy, and domestication. Oxidoreductase genes were found to be important components of developmental and domestication processes. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that domestication favored proteins involved in photosynthesis and protein metabolism at the expense of seed defense. Seed coats of wild peas were rich in cell wall-bound metabolites and the protective compounds predominated in their seed coats. Altogether, we have shown that domestication altered pea seed development and modified (mostly reduced) the transcripts along with the protein and metabolite composition of the seed coat, especially the content of the compounds involved in defense. We investigated dynamic profiles of selected identified phenolic and flavonoid metabolites across seed development. These compounds usually deteriorated the palatability and processing of the seeds. Our findings further provide resources to study secondary metabolism and strategies for improving the quality of legume seeds which comprise an important part of the human protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Klčová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 773 71, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Balarynová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 773 71, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Trněný
- Agricultural Research Ltd., Zemědělská 1, Troubsko, 664 41, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Krejčí
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zajacová Cechová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Leonova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Daria Gorbach
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Frolova
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Botanicheskaja 36, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Elana Kysil
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Anastasia Orlova
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Botanicheskaja 36, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Сhristian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Botanicheskaja 36, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Petr Bednář
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 773 71, Czech Republic
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3
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Pistán ME, Cook D, Gutiérrez SA, Schnittger L, Gardner DR, Cholich LA, Gonzalez AM. Identification and distribution of a fungal endosymbiotic Alternaria species ( Alternaria section Undifilum sp.) in Astragalus garbancillo tissues. Mycologia 2024; 116:291-298. [PMID: 38294503 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2299191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Plants belonging to the genera Astragalus, Oxytropis, Ipomoea, Sida, and Swainsona often contain the toxin swainsonine (SW) produced by an associated fungal symbiont. Consumption of SW-containing plants causes a serious neurological disorder in livestock, which can be fatal. In this study, a fungal endophyte, Alternaria section Undifilum, was identified in Astragalus garbancillo seeds, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing. In seeds, the SW concentrations were about 4 times higher than in other parts of the plant. Furthermore, microscopic examination demonstrated that the fungus mycelium grows inside the petioles and stems, on the outer surface and inside the mesocarp of the fruit, in the mesotesta and endotesta layers of the seed coat, and inside the endosperm of the seeds. Our results support the notion that the SW-producing fungus is vertically transmitted in the host plant A. garbancillo.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Pistán
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, Utah 84341
| | - Susana A Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Leonhard Schnittger
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham 1686, Argentina
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, Utah 84341
| | - Luciana A Cholich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Ana M Gonzalez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBONE-CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
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4
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Wang W, Malka R, Lindemeier M, Cyprys P, Tiedemann S, Sun K, Zhang X, Xiong H, Sprunck S, Sun MX. EGG CELL 1 contributes to egg-cell-dependent preferential fertilization in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:268-282. [PMID: 38287093 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
During double fertilization in angiosperms, the pollen tube delivers two sperm cells into an embryo sac; one sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, and the other sperm cell fuses with the central cell. It has long been proposed that the preference for fusion with one or another female gamete cell depends on the sperm cells and occurs during gamete recognition. However, up to now, sperm-dependent preferential fertilization has not been demonstrated, and results on preferred fusion with either female gamete have remained conflicting. To investigate this topic, we generated Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that produce single sperm-like cells or whose egg cells are eliminated; we found that although the three different types of sperm-like cell are functionally equivalent in their ability to fertilize the egg and the central cell, each type of sperm-like cell fuses predominantly with the egg cell. This indicates that it is the egg cell that controls its preferential fertilization. We also found that sperm-activating small secreted EGG CELL 1 proteins are involved in the regulation of egg-cell-dependent preferential fertilization, revealing another important role for this protein family during double fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Raphael Malka
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Lindemeier
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Cyprys
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Tiedemann
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kaiting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxian Xiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Stefanie Sprunck
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Rojek J, Ohad N. The phenomenon of autonomous endosperm in sexual and apomictic plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4324-4348. [PMID: 37155961 PMCID: PMC10433939 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Endosperm is a key nutritive tissue that supports the developing embryo or seedling, and serves as a major nutritional source for human and livestock feed. In sexually-reproducing flowering plants, it generally develops after fertilization. However, autonomous endosperm (AE) formation (i.e. independent of fertilization) is also possible. Recent findings of AE loci/ genes and aberrant imprinting in native apomicts, together with a successful initiation of parthenogenesis in rice and lettuce, have enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms bridging sexual and apomictic seed formation. However, the mechanisms driving AE development are not well understood. This review presents novel aspects related to AE development in sexual and asexual plants underlying stress conditions as the primary trigger for AE. Both application of hormones to unfertilized ovules and mutations that impair epigenetic regulation lead to AE development in sexual Arabidopsis thaliana, which may point to a common pathway for both phenomena. Apomictic-like AE development under experimental conditions can take place due to auxin-dependent gene expression and/or DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rojek
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Nir Ohad
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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Jiang M, Jian J, Zhou C, Li L, Wang Y, Zhang W, Song Z, Yang J. Does integument arise de novo or from pre-existing structures? ── Insights from the key regulatory genes controlling integument development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1078248. [PMID: 36714739 PMCID: PMC9880897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1078248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The origin of seeds is one of the key innovations in land plant evolution. Ovules are the developmental precursors of seeds. The integument is the envelope structure surrounding the nucellus within the ovule and developing into the seed coat when ovules mature upon fertilization. The question of whether the integument arise de novo or evolve from elaboration of pre-existing structures has caused much debate. By exploring the origin and evolution of the key regulatory genes controlling integument development and their functions during both individual and historical developmental processes, we showed the widespread presence of the homologs of ANT, CUC, BEL1, SPL, C3HDZ, INO, ATS, and ETT in seedless plant genomes. All of these genes have undergone duplication-divergence events in their evolutionary history, with most of the descendant paralogous suffering motif gain and/or loss in the coding regions. Expression and functional characterization have shown that these genes are key components of the genetic program that patterns leaf-like lateral organs. Serial homology can thus be postulated between integuments and other lateral organs in terms of the shared master regulatory genes. Given that the genetic program patterning leaf-like lateral organs formed in seedless plants, and was reused during seed origin, the integument is unlikely to arise de novo but evolved from the stem segment-specific modification of pre-existing serially homologous structures. The master 'switches' trigging the modification to specify the integument identity remain unclear. We propose a successive transformation model of integument origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjing Jian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchuan Zhou
- Institute of Tree Genetics Breeding and Cultivation, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
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7
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Arcalís E, Hörmann-Dietrich U, Stöger E. Multiscale imaging reveals the presence of autophagic vacuoles in developing maize endosperm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1082890. [PMID: 36684761 PMCID: PMC9853038 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1082890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cereal endosperm is solely devoted to the storage of proteins and starch that will be used by the embryo upon germination. The high degree of specialization of this tissue is reflected in its endomembrane system, in which ER derived protein bodies and protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) are of particular interest. In maize seeds, the main storage proteins are zeins, that form transport incompetent aggregates within the ER lumen and finally build protein bodies that bud from the ER. In contrast to the zeins, the maize globulins are not very abundant and the vacuolar storage compartment of maize endosperm is not fully described. Whereas in other cereals, including wheat and barley, the PSV serves as the main protein storage compartment, only small, globulin-containing PSVs have been identified in maize so far. We present here a multi-scale set of data, ranging from live-cell imaging to more sophisticated 3D electron microscopy techniques (SBF-SEM), that has allowed us to investigate in detail the vacuoles in maize endosperm cells, including a novel, autophagic vacuole that is present in early developmental stages.
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8
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Iglesias-Fernández R, Vicente-Carbajosa J. A View into Seed Autophagy: From Development to Environmental Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3247. [PMID: 36501287 PMCID: PMC9739688 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular mechanism involved in the degradation and subsequent recycling of cytoplasmic components. It is also described as a catabolic process implicated in the specific degradation of proteins in response to several stimuli. In eukaryotes, the endoplasmic reticulum accumulates an excess of proteins in response to environmental changes, and is the major cellular organelle at the crossroads of stress responses. Return to proteostasis involves the activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and eventually autophagy as a feedback mechanism to relieve protein overaccumulation. Recent publications have focused on the relevance of autophagy in two central processes of seed biology: (i) seed storage protein accumulation upon seed maturation and (ii) reserve mobilization during seed imbibition. Although ER-protein accumulation and the subsequent activation of autophagy resemble the Seed Storage Protein (SSP) deposition during seed maturation, the molecular connection between seed development, autophagy, and seed response to abiotic stresses is still an underexplored field. This mini-review presents current advances in autophagy in seeds, highlighting its participation in the normal course of seed development from embryogenesis to germination. Finally, the function of autophagy in response to the seed environment is also considered, as is its involvement in controlling seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas-Severo Ochoa (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC/INIA), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas-Severo Ochoa (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC/INIA), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Avezum L, Rondet E, Mestres C, Achir N, Madode Y, Gibert O, Lefevre C, Hemery Y, Verdeil JL, Rajjou L. Improving the nutritional quality of pulses via germination. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2063329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Avezum
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Eric Rondet
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Mestres
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Nawel Achir
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Madode
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Olivier Gibert
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Lefevre
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Youna Hemery
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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10
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Verma S, Attuluri VPS, Robert HS. Transcriptional control of Arabidopsis seed development. PLANTA 2022; 255:90. [PMID: 35318532 PMCID: PMC8940821 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The entire process of embryo development is under the tight control of various transcription factors. Together with other proteins, they act in a combinatorial manner and control distinct events during embryo development. Seed development is a complex process that proceeds through sequences of events regulated by the interplay of various genes, prominent among them being the transcription factors (TFs). The members of WOX, HD-ZIP III, ARF, and CUC families have a preferential role in embryonic patterning. While WOX TFs are required for initiating body axis, HD-ZIP III TFs and CUCs establish bilateral symmetry and SAM. And ARF5 performs a major role during embryonic root, ground tissue, and vasculature development. TFs such as LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2 (LAFL) are considered the master regulators of seed maturation. Furthermore, several new TFs involved in seed storage reserves and dormancy have been identified in the last few years. Their association with those master regulators has been established in the model plant Arabidopsis. Also, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay coupled with transcriptomics, genome-wide target genes of these master regulators have recently been proposed. Many seed-specific genes, including those encoding oleosins and albumins, have appeared as the direct target of LAFL. Also, several other TFs act downstream of LAFL TFs and perform their function during maturation. In this review, the function of different TFs in different phases of early embryogenesis and maturation is discussed in detail, including information about their genetic and molecular interactors and target genes. Such knowledge can further be leveraged to understand and manipulate the regulatory mechanisms involved in seed development. In addition, the genomics approaches and their utilization to identify TFs aiming to study embryo development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Venkata Pardha Saradhi Attuluri
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hélène S. Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Matilla AJ. Exploring Breakthroughs in Three Traits Belonging to Seed Life. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040490. [PMID: 35214823 PMCID: PMC8875957 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on prior knowledge and with the support of new methodology, solid progress in the understanding of seed life has taken place over the few last years. This update reflects recent advances in three key traits of seed life (i.e., preharvest sprouting, genomic imprinting, and stored-mRNA). The first breakthrough refers to cloning of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase 3 (MKK3) gene in barley and wheat. MKK3, in cooperation with ABA signaling, controls seed dormancy. This advance has been determinant in producing improved varieties that are resistant to preharvest sprouting. The second advance concerns to uniparental gene expression (i.e., imprinting). Genomic imprinting primarily occurs in the endosperm. Although great advances have taken place in the last decade, there is still a long way to go to complete the puzzle regarding the role of genomic imprinting in seed development. This trait is probably one of the most important epigenetic facets of developing endosperm. An example of imprinting regulation is polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). The mechanism of PRC2 recruitment to target endosperm with specific genes is, at present, robustly studied. Further progress in the knowledge of recruitment of PRC2 epigenetic machinery is considered in this review. The third breakthrough referred to in this update involves stored mRNA. The role of the population of this mRNA in germination is far from known. Its relations to seed aging, processing bodies (P bodies), and RNA binding proteins (RBPs), and how the stored mRNA is targeted to monosomes, are aspects considered here. Perhaps this third trait is the one that will require greater experimental dedication in the future. In order to make progress, herein are included some questions that are needed to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional (Área Fisiología Vegetal), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Qiu Y, Köhler C. Endosperm Evolution by Duplicated and Neofunctionalized Type I MADS-Box Transcription Factors. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:msab355. [PMID: 34897514 PMCID: PMC8788222 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MADS-box transcription factors (TFs) are present in nearly all major eukaryotic groups. They are divided into Type I and Type II that differ in domain structure, functional roles, and rates of evolution. In flowering plants, major evolutionary innovations like flowers, ovules, and fruits have been closely connected to Type II MADS-box TFs. The role of Type I MADS-box TFs in angiosperm evolution remains to be identified. Here, we show that the formation of angiosperm-specific Type I MADS-box clades of Mγ and Mγ-interacting Mα genes (Mα*) can be tracked back to the ancestor of all angiosperms. Angiosperm-specific Mγ and Mα* genes were preferentially expressed in the endosperm, consistent with their proposed function as heterodimers in the angiosperm-specific embryo nourishing endosperm tissue. We propose that duplication and diversification of Type I MADS genes underpin the evolution of the endosperm, a developmental innovation closely connected to the origin and success of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Qiu
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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13
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Sharma V, Clark AJ, Kawashima T. Insights into the molecular evolution of fertilization mechanism in land plants. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:353-364. [PMID: 34061252 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Comparative genetics and genomics among green plants, including algae, provide deep insights into the evolution of land plant sexual reproduction. Land plants have evolved successive changes during their conquest of the land and innovations in sexual reproduction have played a major role in their terrestrialization. Recent years have seen many revealing dissections of the molecular mechanisms of sexual reproduction and much new genomics data from the land plant lineage, including early diverging land plants, as well as algae. This new knowledge is being integrated to further understand how sexual reproduction in land plants evolved, identifying highly conserved factors and pathways, but also molecular changes that underpinned the emergence of new modes of sexual reproduction. Here, we review recent advances in the knowledge of land plant sexual reproduction from an evolutionary perspective and also revisit the evolution of angiosperm double fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijyesh Sharma
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Anthony J Clark
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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14
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Rensing SA, Weijers D. Flowering plant embryos: How did we end up here? PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:365-371. [PMID: 34313838 PMCID: PMC8566406 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of flowering plants are sexually produced propagules that ensure dispersal and resilience of the next generation. Seeds harbor embryos, three dimensional structures that are often miniatures of the adult plant in terms of general structure and primordial organs. In addition, embryos contain the meristems that give rise to post-embryonically generated structures. However common, flowering plant embryos are an evolutionary derived state. Flowering plants are part of a much larger group of embryo-bearing plants, aptly termed Embryophyta. A key question is what evolutionary trajectory led to the emergence of flowering plant embryos. In this opinion, we deconstruct the flowering plant embryo and describe the current state of knowledge of embryos in other plant lineages. While we are far yet from understanding the ancestral state of plant embryogenesis, we argue what current knowledge may suggest and how the knowledge gaps may be closed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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De Giorgi J, Fuchs C, Iwasaki M, Kim W, Piskurewicz U, Gully K, Utz-Pugin A, Mène-Saffrané L, Waridel P, Nawrath C, Longoni FP, Fujita S, Loubéry S, Lopez-Molina L. The Arabidopsis mature endosperm promotes seedling cuticle formation via release of sulfated peptides. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3066-3081.e5. [PMID: 34706263 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis mature seeds, the onset of the embryo-to-seedling transition is nonautonomously controlled, being blocked by endospermic abscisic acid (ABA) release under unfavorable conditions. Whether the mature endosperm governs additional nonautonomous developmental processes during this transition is unknown. Mature embryos have a more permeable cuticle than seedlings, consistent with their endospermic ABA uptake capability. Seedlings acquire their well-sealing cuticles adapted to aerial lifestyle during germination. Endosperm removal prevents seedling cuticle formation, and seed reconstitution by endosperm grafting onto embryos shows that the endosperm promotes seedling cuticle development. Grafting different endosperm and embryo mutant combinations, together with biochemical, microscopy, and mass spectrometry approaches, reveal that the release of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST)-sulfated CIF2 and PSY1 peptides from the endosperm promotes seedling cuticle development. Endosperm-deprived embryos produced nonviable seedlings bearing numerous developmental defects, not related to embryo malnutrition, all restored by exogenously provided endosperm. Hence, seedling establishment is nonautonomous, requiring the mature endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien De Giorgi
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Fuchs
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mayumi Iwasaki
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Woohyun Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Urszula Piskurewicz
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kay Gully
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Utz-Pugin
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrice Waridel
- Protein Analysis Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fiamma Paolo Longoni
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Loubéry
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Lopez-Molina
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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16
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Myxospermy Evolution in Brassicaceae: A Highly Complex and Diverse Trait with Arabidopsis as an Uncommon Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092470. [PMID: 34572119 PMCID: PMC8469493 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to extrude mucilage upon seed imbibition (myxospermy) occurs in several Angiosperm taxonomic groups, but its ancestral nature or evolutionary convergence origin remains misunderstood. We investigated seed mucilage evolution in the Brassicaceae family with comparison to the knowledge accumulated in Arabidopsis thaliana. The myxospermy occurrence was evaluated in 27 Brassicaceae species. Phenotyping included mucilage secretory cell morphology and topochemistry to highlight subtle myxospermy traits. In parallel, computational biology was driven on the one hundred genes constituting the so-called A. thaliana mucilage secretory cell toolbox to confront their sequence conservation to the observed phenotypes. Mucilage secretory cells show high morphology diversity; the three studied Arabidopsis species had a specific extrusion modality compared to the other studied Brassicaceae species. Orthologous genes from the A. thaliana mucilage secretory cell toolbox were mostly found in all studied species without correlation with the occurrence of myxospermy or even more sub-cellular traits. Seed mucilage may be an ancestral feature of the Brassicaceae family. It consists of highly diverse subtle traits, probably underlined by several genes not yet characterized in A. thaliana or by species-specific genes. Therefore, A. thaliana is probably not a sufficient reference for future myxospermy evo-devo studies.
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17
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Zablatzká L, Balarynová J, Klčová B, Kopecký P, Smýkal P. Anatomy and Histochemistry of Seed Coat Development of Wild ( Pisum sativum subsp. elatius (M. Bieb.) Asch. et Graebn. and Domesticated Pea ( Pisum sativum subsp. sativum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4602. [PMID: 33925728 PMCID: PMC8125792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, the mature seed consists of embryo, endosperm, and a maternal plant-derived seed coat (SC). The SC plays a role in seed filling, protects the embryo, mediates dormancy and germination, and facilitates the dispersal of seeds. SC properties have been modified during the domestication process, resulting in the removal of dormancy, mediated by SC impermeability. This study compares the SC anatomy and histochemistry of two wild (JI64 and JI1794) and two domesticated (cv. Cameor and JI92) pea genotypes. Histochemical staining of five developmental stages: 13, 21, 27, 30 days after anthesis (DAA), and mature dry seeds revealed clear differences between both pea types. SC thickness is established early in the development (13 DAA) and is primarily governed by macrosclereid cells. Polyanionic staining by Ruthenium Red indicated non homogeneity of the SC, with a strong signal in the hilum, the micropyle, and the upper parts of the macrosclereids. High peroxidase activity was detected in both wild and cultivated genotypes and increased over the development peaking prior to desiccation. The detailed knowledge of SC anatomy is important for any molecular or biochemical studies, including gene expression and proteomic analysis, especially when comparing different genotypes and treatments. Analysis is useful for other crop-to-wild-progenitor comparisons of economically important legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Zablatzká
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.Z.); (J.B.); (B.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Jana Balarynová
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.Z.); (J.B.); (B.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Barbora Klčová
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.Z.); (J.B.); (B.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Pavel Kopecký
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.Z.); (J.B.); (B.K.); (P.K.)
- Genetic Resources for Vegetables and Specialty Crops, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.Z.); (J.B.); (B.K.); (P.K.)
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18
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Arabidopsis thaliana Mature Endosperm Dissection and Isolation of Genomic DNA from Mature Seed Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33900609 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1134-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
We describe methods to separate endosperms and embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana mature seeds in large amounts and to isolate high-quality genomic DNA from those tissues. The resulting materials are suitable for analysis of DNA methylation by bisulfite sequencing or histone modifications by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP).
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19
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Dreskin SC, Koppelman SJ, Andorf S, Nadeau KC, Kalra A, Braun W, Negi SS, Chen X, Schein CH. The importance of the 2S albumins for allergenicity and cross-reactivity of peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1154-1163. [PMID: 33217410 PMCID: PMC8035160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds are among the most important food-related causes of anaphylaxis. Important clinical questions include: Why is there a variable occurrence of coallergy among these foods and Is this immunologically mediated? The clinical and immunologic data summarized here suggest an immunologic basis for these coallergies that is based on similarities among the 2S albumins. Data from component resolved diagnostics have highlighted the relationship between IgE binding to these allergens and the presence of IgE-mediated food allergy. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments provide strong evidence that the 2S albumins are the most important allergens in peanuts for inducing an allergic effector response. Although the 2S albumins are diverse, they have a common disulfide-linked core with similar physicochemical properties that make them prime candidates to explain much of the observed coallergy among peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds. The well-established frequency of cashew and pistachio nut coallergy (64%-100%) highlights how the structural similarities among their 2S albumins may account for observed clinical cross-reactivity. A complete understanding of the physicochemical properties of the 2S albumins in peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds will enhance our ability to diagnose, treat, and ultimately prevent these allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo.
| | - Stef J Koppelman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Anjeli Kalra
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo
| | - Werner Braun
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Surendra S Negi
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Xueni Chen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo
| | - Catherine H Schein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex.
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20
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Liu Y, Jing X, Zhang H, Xiong J, Qiao Y. Identification of Imprinted Genes Based on Homology: An Example of Fragaria vesca. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030380. [PMID: 33800118 PMCID: PMC7999015 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting has drawn increasing attention in plant biology in recent years. At present, hundreds of imprinted genes have been identified in various plants, and some of them have been reported to be evolutionarily conserved in plant species. In this research, 17 candidate genes in Fragaria vesca were obtained based on the homologous imprinted genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and other species. We further constructed reciprocal crosses of diploid strawberry (F. vesca) using the varieties 10-41 and 18-86 as the parents to investigate the conservation of these imprinted genes. Potentially informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as molecular markers of two parents obtained from candidate imprinted genes which have been cloned and sequenced. Meanwhile, we analyzed the SNP site variation ratios and parent-of-origin expression patterns of candidate imprinted genes at 10 days after pollination (DAP) endosperm and embryo for the hybrids of reciprocal cross, respectively. A total of five maternally expressed genes (MEGs), i.e., FvARI8, FvKHDP-2, FvDRIP2, FvBRO1, and FvLTP3, were identified in the endosperm, which did not show imprinting in the embryo. Finally, tissues expression analysis indicated that the five imprinted genes excluding FvDRIP2 mainly expressed in the endosperm. This is the first report on imprinted genes of Fragaria, and we provide a simple and rapid method based on homologous conservation to screen imprinted genes. The present study will provide a basis for further study of function and mechanism of genomic imprinting in F. vesca.
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21
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Viudes S, Burlat V, Dunand C. Seed mucilage evolution: Diverse molecular mechanisms generate versatile ecological functions for particular environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2857-2870. [PMID: 32557703 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant myxodiasporous species have the ability to release a polysaccharidic mucilage upon imbibition of the seed (myxospermy) or the fruit (myxocarpy). This is a widespread capacity in angiosperms providing multiple ecological functions including higher germination efficiency under environmental stresses. It is unclear whether myxodiaspory has one or multiple evolutionary origins and why it was supposedly lost in several species. Here, we summarize recent advances on three main aspects of myxodiaspory. (a) It represents a combination of highly diverse traits at different levels of observation, ranging from the dual tissular origin of mucilage secretory cells to diverse mucilage polysaccharidic composition and ultrastructural organization. (b) An asymmetrical selection pressure is exerted on myxospermy-related genes that were first identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. The A. thaliana and the flax intra-species mucilage variants show that myxospermy is a fast-evolving trait due to high polymorphism in a few genes directly acting on mucilage establishment. In A. thaliana, these actors are downstream of a master regulatory complex and an original phylogenetic overview provided here illustrates that this complex has sequentially evolved after the common ancestor of seed plants and was fully established in the common ancestor of the rosid clade. (c) Newly identified myxodiaspory ecological functions indicate new perspectives such as soil microorganism control and plant establishment support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Viudes
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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22
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Shin JM, Yuan L, Ohme-Takagi M, Kawashima T. Cellular dynamics of double fertilization and early embryogenesis in flowering plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 336:642-651. [PMID: 32638525 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flowering plants (angiosperms) perform a unique double fertilization in which two sperm cells fuse with two female gamete cells in the embryo sac to develop a seed. Furthermore, during land plant evolution, the mode of sexual reproduction has been modified dramatically from motile sperm in the early-diverging land plants, such as mosses and ferns as well as some gymnosperms (Ginkgo and cycads) to nonmotile sperm that are delivered to female gametes by the pollen tube in flowering plants. Recent studies have revealed the cellular dynamics and molecular mechanisms for the complex series of double fertilization processes and elucidated differences and similarities between animals and plants. Here, together with a brief comparison with animals, we review the current understanding of flowering plant zygote dynamics, covering from gamete nuclear migration, karyogamy, and polyspermy block, to zygotic genome activation as well as asymmetrical division of the zygote. Further analyses of the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of flowering plant fertilization should shed light on the evolution of the unique sexual reproduction of flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Shin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan.,Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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23
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Abstract
In this review, Batista and Köhler revisit the current models explaining imprinting regulation in plants, and discuss novel regulatory mechanisms that could function independently of parental DNA methylation asymmetries in the establishment of imprinting. Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon leading to parentally biased gene expression. Throughout the years, extensive efforts have been made to characterize the epigenetic marks underlying imprinting in animals and plants. As a result, DNA methylation asymmetries between parental genomes emerged as the primary factor controlling the imprinting status of many genes. Nevertheless, the data accumulated so far suggest that this process cannot solely explain the imprinting of all genes. In this review, we revisit the current models explaining imprinting regulation in plants, and discuss novel regulatory mechanisms that could function independently of parental DNA methylation asymmetries in the establishment of imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita A Batista
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
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24
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Abstract
Transcriptomic studies have proven powerful and effective as a tool to study the molecular underpinnings of plant development. Still, it remains challenging to disentangle cell- or tissue-specific transcriptomes in complex structures like the plant seed. In particular, the embryo of flowering plants is embedded in the endosperm, a nurturing tissue, which, in turn, is enclosed by the maternal seed coat. Here, we describe laser-assisted microdissection (LAM) to isolate highly pure embryo tissue from whole seeds. This technique is applicable to virtually any plant seed, and we illustrate the use of LAM to isolate embryos from species of the Boechera and Solanum genera. LAM is a tool that will greatly help to increase the repertoires of tissue-specific transcriptomes, including those of embryos and parts thereof, in nonmodel plants.
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