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Despin-Guitard E, Rosa VS, Plunder S, Mathiah N, Van Schoor K, Nehme E, Merino-Aceituno S, Egea J, Shahbazi MN, Theveneau E, Migeotte I. Non-apical mitoses contribute to cell delamination during mouse gastrulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7364. [PMID: 39198421 PMCID: PMC11358383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
During the epithelial-mesenchymal transition driving mouse embryo gastrulation, cells divide more frequently at the primitive streak, and half of those divisions happen away from the apical pole. These observations suggest that non-apical mitoses might play a role in cell delamination. We aim to uncover and challenge the molecular determinants of mitosis position in different regions of the epiblast through computational modeling and pharmacological treatments of embryos and stem cell-based epiblast spheroids. Blocking basement membrane degradation at the streak has no impact on the asymmetry in mitosis frequency and position. By contrast, disturbance of the actomyosin cytoskeleton or cell cycle dynamics elicits ectopic non-apical mitosis and shows that the streak region is characterized by local relaxation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and less stringent regulation of cell division. These factors are essential for normal dynamics at the streak and favor cell delamination from the epiblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangéline Despin-Guitard
- IRIBHM J.E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1070, Belgium
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Viviane S Rosa
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steffen Plunder
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Navrita Mathiah
- IRIBHM J.E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1070, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Schoor
- IRIBHM J.E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1070, Belgium
| | - Eliana Nehme
- IRIBHM J.E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1070, Belgium
| | - Sara Merino-Aceituno
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joaquim Egea
- Molecular and Developmental Neurobiology, Dept. Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida/IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Eric Theveneau
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Migeotte
- IRIBHM J.E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1070, Belgium.
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2
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Asai R, Prakash VN, Sinha S, Prakash M, Mikawa T. Coupling and uncoupling of midline morphogenesis and cell flow in amniote gastrulation. eLife 2024; 12:RP89948. [PMID: 38727576 PMCID: PMC11087055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale cell flow characterizes gastrulation in animal development. In amniote gastrulation, particularly in avian gastrula, a bilateral vortex-like counter-rotating cell flow, called 'polonaise movements', appears along the midline. Here, through experimental manipulations, we addressed relationships between the polonaise movements and morphogenesis of the primitive streak, the earliest midline structure in amniotes. Suppression of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway maintains the polonaise movements along a deformed primitive streak. Mitotic arrest leads to diminished extension and development of the primitive streak and maintains the early phase of the polonaise movements. Ectopically induced Vg1, an axis-inducing morphogen, generates the polonaise movements, aligned to the induced midline, but disturbs the stereotypical cell flow pattern at the authentic midline. Despite the altered cell flow, induction and extension of the primitive streak are preserved along both authentic and induced midlines. Finally, we show that ectopic axis-inducing morphogen, Vg1, is capable of initiating the polonaise movements without concomitant PS extension under mitotic arrest conditions. These results are consistent with a model wherein primitive streak morphogenesis is required for the maintenance of the polonaise movements, but the polonaise movements are not necessarily responsible for primitive streak morphogenesis. Our data describe a previously undefined relationship between the large-scale cell flow and midline morphogenesis in gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Asai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Vivek N Prakash
- Department of Physics, University of MiamiCoral GablesUnited States
| | - Shubham Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of MiamiCoral GablesUnited States
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Takashi Mikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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3
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Kondoh H, Takemoto T. The Origin and Regulation of Neuromesodermal Progenitors (NMPs) in Embryos. Cells 2024; 13:549. [PMID: 38534393 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), serving as the common origin of neural and paraxial mesodermal development in a large part of the trunk, have recently gained significant attention because of their critical importance in the understanding of embryonic organogenesis and the design of in vitro models of organogenesis. However, the nature of NMPs at many essential points remains only vaguely understood or even incorrectly assumed. Here, we discuss the nature of NMPs, focusing on their dynamic migratory behavior during embryogenesis and the mechanisms underlying their neural vs. mesodermal fate choice. The discussion points include the following: (1) How the sinus rhomboidals is organized; the tissue where the neural or mesodermal fate choice of NMPs occurs. (2) NMPs originating from the broad posterior epiblast are associated with Sox2 N1 enhancer activity. (3) Tbx6-dependent Sox2 repression occurs during NMP-derived paraxial mesoderm development. (4) The nephric mesenchyme, a component of the intermediate mesoderm, was newly identified as an NMP derivative. (5) The transition of embryonic tissue development from tissue-specific progenitors in the anterior part to that from NMPs occurs at the forelimb bud axial level. (6) The coexpression of Sox2 and Bra in NMPs is conditional and is not a hallmark of NMPs. (7) The ability of the NMP pool to sustain axial embryo growth depends on Wnt3a signaling in the NMP population. Current in vitro models of NMPs are also critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kondoh
- Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Laboratory for Embryology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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4
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Asai R, Prakash VN, Sinha S, Prakash M, Mikawa T. Coupling and uncoupling of midline morphogenesis and cell flow in amniote gastrulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.26.542486. [PMID: 37293063 PMCID: PMC10245986 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale cell flow characterizes gastrulation in animal development. In amniote gastrulation, particularly in avian gastrula, a bilateral vortex-like counter-rotating cell flow, called 'polonaise movements', appears along the midline. Here, through experimental manipulations, we addressed relationships between the polonaise movements and morphogenesis of the primitive streak, the earliest midline structure in amniotes. Suppression of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway maintains the polonaise movements along a deformed primitive streak. Mitotic arrest leads to diminished extension and development of the primitive streak and maintains the early phase of the polonaise movements. Ectopically induced Vg1, an axis-inducing morphogen, generates the polonaise movements, aligned to the induced midline, but disturbs the stereotypical cell flow pattern at the authentic midline. Despite the altered cell flow, induction and extension of the primitive streak are preserved along both authentic and induced midlines. Finally, we show that ectopic axis-inducing morphogen, Vg1, is capable of initiating the polonaise movements without concomitant PS extension under mitotic arrest conditions. These results are consistent with a model wherein primitive streak morphogenesis is required for the maintenance of the polonaise movements, but the polonaise movements are not necessarily responsible for primitive streak morphogenesis. Our data describe a previously undefined relationship between the large-scale cell flow and midline morphogenesis in gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Asai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco. San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Vivek N. Prakash
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Shubham Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Takashi Mikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco. San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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5
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Kondoh H. How the Brain Develops from the Epiblast: The Node Is Not an Organizer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 72:61-80. [PMID: 38509252 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Studies using early-stage avian embryos have substantially impacted developmental biology, through the availability of simple culture methods and easiness in tissue manipulation. However, the regulations underlying brain and head development, a central issue of developmental biology, have not been investigated systematically. Yoshihi et al. (2022a) devised a technique to randomly label the epiblast cells with a green fluorescent protein before their development into the brain tissue. This technique was combined with grafting a node or node-derived anterior mesendoderm labeled with a cherry-colored fluorescent protein. Then cellular events were live-recorded over 18 hours during the brain and head development. The live imaging-based analyses identified previously undescribed mechanisms central to brain development: all anterior epiblast cells have a potential to develop into the brain tissues and their gathering onto a proximal anterior mesendoderm forms a brain primordium whereas the remaining cells develop into the covering head ectoderm. The analyses also ruled out the direct participation of the node's activity in the brain development. Yoshihi et al. (2022a) also demonstrate how the enigmatic data from classical models can be reinterpreted in the new model.This chapter was adapted from Yoshihi K, Iida H, Teramoto M, Ishii Y, Kato K, Kondoh H. (2022b). Epiblast cells gather onto the anterior mesendoderm and initiate brain development without the direct involvement of the node in avian embryos: Insights from broad-field live imaging. Front Cell Dev Biol. 10:1019845. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1019845.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kondoh
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Huljev K, Shamipour S, Pinheiro D, Preusser F, Steccari I, Sommer CM, Naik S, Heisenberg CP. A hydraulic feedback loop between mesendoderm cell migration and interstitial fluid relocalization promotes embryonic axis formation in zebrafish. Dev Cell 2023; 58:582-596.e7. [PMID: 36931269 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid (IF) accumulation between embryonic cells is thought to be important for embryo patterning and morphogenesis. Here, we identify a positive mechanical feedback loop between cell migration and IF relocalization and find that it promotes embryonic axis formation during zebrafish gastrulation. We show that anterior axial mesendoderm (prechordal plate [ppl]) cells, moving in between the yolk cell and deep cell tissue to extend the embryonic axis, compress the overlying deep cell layer, thereby causing IF to flow from the deep cell layer to the boundary between the yolk cell and the deep cell layer, directly ahead of the advancing ppl. This IF relocalization, in turn, facilitates ppl cell protrusion formation and migration by opening up the space into which the ppl moves and, thereby, the ability of the ppl to trigger IF relocalization by pushing against the overlying deep cell layer. Thus, embryonic axis formation relies on a hydraulic feedback loop between cell migration and IF relocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Huljev
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shayan Shamipour
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Pinheiro
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Preusser
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Steccari
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Suyash Naik
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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7
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Yoshihi K, Iida H, Teramoto M, Ishii Y, Kato K, Kondoh H. Epiblast cells gather onto the anterior mesendoderm and initiate brain development without the direct involvement of the node in avian embryos: Insights from broad-field live imaging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1019845. [PMID: 36274851 PMCID: PMC9581324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1019845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Live imaging of migrating and interacting cells in developing embryos has opened a new means for deciphering fundamental principles in morphogenesis and patterning, which was not possible with classic approaches of experimental embryology. In our recent study, we devised a new genetic tool to sparsely label cells with a green-fluorescent protein in the broad field of chicken embryos, enabling the analysis of cell migration during the early stages of brain development. Trajectory analysis indicated that anterior epiblast cells from a broad area gather to the head axis to form the brain primordia or brain-abutting head ectoderm. Grafting the mCherry-labeled stage (st.) 4 node in an anterior embryonic region resulted in the anterior extension of the anterior mesendoderm (AME), the precursor for the prechordal plate and anterior notochord, from the node graft at st. 5. Grafting the st. 4 node or st. 5 AME at various epiblast positions that otherwise develop into the head ectoderm caused local cell gathering to the graft-derived AME. The node was not directly associated with this local epiblast-gathering activity. The gathered anterior epiblast cells developed into secondary brain tissue consisting of consecutive brain portions, e.g., forebrain and midbrain or midbrain and hindbrain, reflecting the brain portion specificities inherent to the epiblast cells. The observations indicated the bipotentiality of all anterior epiblast cells to develop into the brain or head ectoderm. Thus, a new epiblast brain field map is proposed, allowing the reinterpretation of classical node graft data, and the role of the AME is highlighted. The new model leads to the conclusion that the node does not directly participate in brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yoshihi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iida
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Machiko Teramoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ishii
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kagayaki Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hisato Kondoh
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hisato Kondoh,
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8
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Pechriggl E, Blumer M, Tubbs RS, Olewnik Ł, Konschake M, Fortélny R, Stofferin H, Honis HR, Quinones S, Maranillo E, Sanudo J. Embryology of the Abdominal Wall and Associated Malformations—A Review. Front Surg 2022; 9:891896. [PMID: 35874129 PMCID: PMC9300894 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.891896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the incidence of congenital defects of the intraembryonic celom and its associated structures has increased over recent decades. Surgical treatment of abdominal and diaphragmatic malformations resulting in congenital hernia requires deep knowledge of ventral body closure and the separation of the primary body cavities during embryogenesis. The correct development of both structures requires the coordinated and fine-tuned synergy of different anlagen, including a set of molecules governing those processes. They have mainly been investigated in a range of vertebrate species (e.g., mouse, birds, and fish), but studies of embryogenesis in humans are rather rare because samples are seldom available. Therefore, we have to deal with a large body of conflicting data concerning the formation of the abdominal wall and the etiology of diaphragmatic defects. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge and focuses on the histological and molecular events leading to the establishment of the abdominal and thoracic cavities in several vertebrate species. In chronological order, we start with the onset of gastrulation, continue with the establishment of the three-dimensional body shape, and end with the partition of body cavities. We also discuss well-known human etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pechriggl
- Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Blumer
- Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada, West Indies
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, United States
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Łukasz Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marko Konschake
- Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: Marko Konschake
| | - René Fortélny
- Department of General, Visceral, and Oncological Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Stofferin
- Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanne Rose Honis
- Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sara Quinones
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Maranillo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Sanudo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yoshihi K, Kato K, Iida H, Teramoto M, Kawamura A, Watanabe Y, Nunome M, Nakano M, Matsuda Y, Sato Y, Mizuno H, Iwasato T, Ishii Y, Kondoh H. Live imaging of avian epiblast and anterior mesendoderm grafting reveals the complexity of cell dynamics during early brain development. Development 2022; 149:274289. [PMID: 35132990 PMCID: PMC9017232 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite previous intensive investigations on epiblast cell migration in avian embryos during primitive streak development before stage (st.) 4, this migration at later stages of brain development has remained uninvestigated. By live imaging of epiblast cells sparsely labeled with green fluorescence protein, we investigated anterior epiblast cell migration to form individual brain portions. Anterior epiblast cells from a broad area migrated collectively towards the head axis during st. 5-7 at a rate of 70-110 µm/h, changing directions from diagonal to parallel and forming the brain portions and abutting head ectoderm. This analysis revised the previously published head portion precursor map in anterior epiblasts at st. 4/5. Grafting outside the brain precursor region of mCherry-expressing nodes producing anterior mesendoderm (AME) or isolated AME tissues elicited new cell migration towards ectopic AME tissues. These locally convergent cells developed into secondary brains with portions that depended on the ectopic AME position in the anterior epiblast. Thus, anterior epiblast cells are bipotent for brain/head ectoderm development with given brain portion specificities. A brain portion potential map is proposed, also accounting for previous observations. Summary: The first high-resolution live imaging of anterior epiblast cells at the brain-forming stages in avian embryos is reported, revealing their long-distance migration and interaction with the anterior mesendoderm to form brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yoshihi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kagayaki Kato
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iida
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Machiko Teramoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Akihito Kawamura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yusaku Watanabe
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nunome
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikiharu Nakano
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuda
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Mizuno
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ishii
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hisato Kondoh
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.,Institute for Comprehensive Research, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.,JT Biohistory Research Hall, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Gastrulation is a critical early morphogenetic process of animal development, during which the three germ layers; mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm, are rearranged by internalization movements. Concurrent epiboly movements spread and thin the germ layers while convergence and extension movements shape them into an anteroposteriorly elongated body with head, trunk, tail and organ rudiments. In zebrafish, gastrulation follows the proliferative and inductive events that establish the embryonic and extraembryonic tissues and the embryonic axis. Specification of these tissues and embryonic axes are controlled by the maternal gene products deposited in the egg. These early maternally controlled processes need to generate sufficient cell numbers and establish the embryonic polarity to ensure normal gastrulation. Subsequently, after activation of the zygotic genome, the zygotic gene products govern mesoderm and endoderm induction and germ layer patterning. Gastrulation is initiated during the maternal-to-zygotic transition, a process that entails both activation of the zygotic genome and downregulation of the maternal transcripts. Genomic studies indicate that gastrulation is largely controlled by the zygotic genome. Nonetheless, genetic studies that investigate the relative contributions of maternal and zygotic gene function by comparing zygotic, maternal and maternal zygotic mutant phenotypes, reveal significant contribution of maternal gene products, transcripts and/or proteins, that persist through gastrulation, to the control of gastrulation movements. Therefore, in zebrafish, the maternally expressed gene products not only set the stage for, but they also actively participate in gastrulation morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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