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Plácido E, Koss DJ, Outeiro TF, Brocardo PS. Altered hippocampal doublecortin expression in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1514-1526. [PMID: 38485468 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor symptoms include bradykinesia, resting tremors, muscular rigidity, and postural instability, while non-motor symptoms include cognitive impairments, mood disturbances, sleep disturbances, autonomic dysfunction, and sensory abnormalities. Some of these symptoms may be influenced by the proper hippocampus functioning, including adult neurogenesis. Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein that plays a pivotal role in the development and differentiation of migrating neurons. This study utilized postmortem human brain tissue of PD and age-matched control individuals to investigate DCX expression in the context of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our findings demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of DCX-expressing cells within the subgranular zone (SGZ), as well as a decrease in the nuclear area of these DCX-positive cells in postmortem brain tissue obtained from PD cases, suggesting an impairment in the adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Additionally, we found that the nuclear area of DCX-positive cells correlates with pH levels. In summary, we provide evidence supporting that the process of hippocampal adult neurogenesis is likely to be compromised in PD patients before cognitive dysfunction, shedding light on potential mechanisms contributing to the neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in affected individuals. Understanding these mechanisms may offer novel insights into the pathophysiology of PD and possible therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelini Plácido
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - David J Koss
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Morphological Sciences Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Bao Y, Gan C, Chen Z, Qi Z, Meng Z, Yue F. Quantification of Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinsonian Cynomolgus Monkeys. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1153. [PMID: 37626508 PMCID: PMC10452176 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that features motor and non-motor deficits. The use of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopamine neuron degeneration has been widely practiced to produce reliable animal models of PD. However, most previous preclinical studies focused on motor dysfunction, and few non-motor symptoms were evaluated. Thus far, there is a lack of comprehensive investigations of the non-motor symptoms in animal models. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aim to use a battery of behavioral methods to evaluate non-motor symptoms in MPTP-induced non-human primate PD models. METHODS Cognitive function, sleep, and psychiatric behaviors were evaluated in MPTP-treated cynomolgus monkeys. The tests consisted of a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) task, the use of a physical activity monitor (PAM), an apathy feeding task (AFT), the human intruder test (HIT), novel fruit test (NFT), and predator confrontation test (PCT). In addition, we tested whether the dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole (PPX) can improve these non-motor symptoms. RESULTS The present results show that the MPTP-treated monkeys exhibited cognitive deficits, abnormal sleep, and anxiety-like behaviors when compared to the control monkeys. These symptoms were relieved partially by PPX. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MPTP-induced PD monkeys displayed non-motor symptoms that were similar to those found in PD patients. PPX treatment showed moderate therapeutic effects on these non-motor symptoms. This battery of behavioral tests may provide a valuable model for future preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.B.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoning Gan
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Zuyue Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.B.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage PD, Kang S, Kim JS, Moon C. Therapeutic Approaches to Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Current Update on Preclinical Evidence. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:560-577. [PMID: 36200159 PMCID: PMC10207906 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221005090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being classified as a movement disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a wide range of non-motor symptoms that significantly affect the patients' quality of life. However, clear evidence-based therapy recommendations for non-motor symptoms of PD are uncommon. Animal models of PD have previously been shown to be useful for advancing the knowledge and treatment of motor symptoms. However, these models may provide insight into and assess therapies for non-motor symptoms in PD. This paper highlights non-motor symptoms in preclinical models of PD and the current position regarding preclinical therapeutic approaches for these non-motor symptoms. This information may be relevant for designing future preclinical investigations of therapies for nonmotor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima D.E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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Li X, Gao D, Paudel YN, Li X, Zheng M, Liu G, Ma Y, Chu L, He F, Jin M. Anti-Parkinson's Disease Activity of Sanghuangprous vaninii Extracts in the MPTP-Induced Zebrafish Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:330-339. [PMID: 35044760 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating disease of the central nervous system that occurs mainly in the elderly age group, affecting their quality of life. The PD pathogenesis is not yet fully understood and lacks the disease-modifying treatment strategies. Sanghuangprous vaninii (S. vaninii) is a perennial fungus with a plethora of pharmacological activities including anti-cancer and antioxidant activity and so on. However, no study till date has reported its neuroprotective effect against symptoms that are similar to PD in pre-clinical investigation. In the current study, we investigated anti-PD-like effects of S. vaninii mycelium extracts (SvMEs) on MPTP-induced PD in zebrafish. We observed that the loss of dopaminergic neurons and neurovascular reduction were reversed by using SvMEs in the zebrafish brain in a concentration-independent manner. Moreover, it also relieved locomotor impairments in MPTP-induced PD zebrafish. In addition, SvMEs exerted significant antioxidant activity in vitro, which was also demonstrated in vivo on ktr4:NTR-hKikGR zebrafish. Upon investigating the underlying mechanism, we found that SvMEs may alleviate oxidant stress and accelerate α-synuclein degradation and then alleviate PD-like symptoms. Antioxidant-related genes (sod1, gss, gpx4a, gclm, and cat) implied that the SvMEs exhibited anti-PD activity due to the antioxidation mechanism. Finally, upon analysis of chemical composition of SvMEs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified 10 compounds that are plausibly responsible for the anti-PD-like effect of SvMEs. On the limiting part, the finding of the study would have been more robust had we investigated the protein expression of genes related to PD and oxidative stress and compared the effects of SvMEs with any standard anti-PD therapy. Despite this, our results indicated that SvMEs possess anti-PD effects, indicating SvMEs as a potential candidate that is worth exploring further in this avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Li
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, 16001 East Jingshi Road, Ji’nan, 250220 Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji’nan, 250103 Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Road, Changchun, 130118 Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daili Gao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji’nan, 250103 Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xia Li
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care, Fynn Biotechnologies Ltd., Gangxing 3rd Rd, High-Tech and Innovation Zone, Bldg. 2, Rm. 2201, Ji’nan, 250101 Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Road, Changchun, 130118 Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangpeng Liu
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, 16001 East Jingshi Road, Ji’nan, 250220 Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanrui Ma
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, 16001 East Jingshi Road, Ji’nan, 250220 Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Chu
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, 16001 East Jingshi Road, Ji’nan, 250220 Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fatao He
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All-China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, 16001 East Jingshi Road, Ji’nan, 250220 Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji’nan, 250103 Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Deng I, Corrigan F, Garg S, Zhou XF, Bobrovskaya L. Further Characterization of Intrastriatal Lipopolysaccharide Model of Parkinson's Disease in C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7380. [PMID: 34299000 PMCID: PMC8304722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder, characterized by progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway, which consists of dopaminergic cell bodies in substantia nigra and their neuronal projections to the striatum. Moreover, PD is associated with an array of non-motor symptoms such as olfactory dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysfunction, impaired regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. Inflammation and concomitant oxidative stress are crucial in the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, this study aimed to model PD via intrastriatal injection of the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide (LPS)to investigate if the lesion causes olfactory and motor impairments, inflammation, oxidative stress, and alteration in synaptic proteins in the olfactory bulb, striatum, and colon. Ten µg of LPS was injected unilaterally into the striatum of 27 male C57BL/6 mice, and behavioural assessment was conducted at 4 and 8 weeks post-treatment, followed by tissue collection. Intrastriatal LPS induced motor impairment in C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks post-treatment evidenced by reduced latency time in the rotarod test. LPS also induced inflammation in the striatum characterized by increased expression of microglial marker Iba-1 and astrocytic marker GFAP, with degeneration of dopaminergic neuronal fibres (reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity), and reduction of synaptic proteins and DJ-1 protein. Additionally, intrastriatal LPS induced inflammation, oxidative stress and alterations in synaptic proteins within the olfactory bulb, although this did not induce a significant impairment in olfactory function. Intrastriatal LPS induced mild inflammatory changes in the distal colon, accompanied by increased protein expression of 3-nitrotyrosine-modified proteins. This model recapitulated the major features of PD such as motor impairment and degeneration of dopaminergic neuronal fibres in the striatum, as well as some pathological changes in the olfactory bulb and colon; thus, this model could be suitable for understanding clinical PD and testing neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Deng
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (I.D.); (S.G.); (X.-F.Z.)
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (I.D.); (S.G.); (X.-F.Z.)
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (I.D.); (S.G.); (X.-F.Z.)
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (I.D.); (S.G.); (X.-F.Z.)
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Deng I, Wiese MD, Zhou XF, Bobrovskaya L. The efficacy of systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide in modelling pre-motor Parkinson's disease in C57BL/6 mice. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:254-264. [PMID: 34097939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Mounting evidence indicates a crucial role of inflammation and concomitant oxidative stress in the disease progression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the ability of systemically administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, inflammation, oxidative stress and major neuropathological hallmarks of the disease in regions postulated to be affected, including the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, midbrain and cerebellum. Twenty-one male C57BL/6 mice, approximately 20 weeks old, received a dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day of LPS systemically on 4 consecutive days and behavioural testing was conducted on days 14-18 post-treatment, followed by tissue collection. Systemically administered LPS increased latency time in the buried food seeking test (indicative of olfactory impairment), and decreased time spent in central zone of the open field (anxiety-like behaviour). However, there was no change in latency time in the rotarod test or the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the midbrain. Systemically administered LPS induced increased glial markers GFAP and Iba-1 and oxidative stress marker 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, midbrain and cerebellum, and there were region specific changes in the expression of NFκB, IL-1β, α-synuclein, TH and BDNF proteins. The model could be useful to further elucidate early non-motor aspects of PD and the possible mechanisms contributing to the non-motor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Deng
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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Wang K, Shi Y, Liu W, Liu S, Sun MZ. Taurine improves neuron injuries and cognitive impairment in a mouse Parkinson's disease model through inhibition of microglial activation. Neurotoxicology 2021; 83:129-136. [PMID: 33450328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental findings support the view that activation of hippocampus microglia through NADPH oxidase contributes to cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Taurine, an antioxidant, displays an exclusive physical property on brain function, such as learning and memory. To date, the role of taurine in improving cognitive impairment in PD is not fully uncovered. Hence, we evaluated the protective effect of taurine on cognitive ability and explored the related mechanism in the model built by paraquat and maneb (P + M)-induced PD mice. Then the ability of learning and memory was observed by Morris water maze, neuron loss was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in hippocampus, the level of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and microglia activation was assessed by immunostaining, the molecules (gp91phox, p47phox, mac1, p-Src/Src and p-Erk/Erk) were examined by western blot. The results showed that taurine could alleviate the impairments in learning and memory induced by P + M injection in mice (decreased escape latency on day 4, P < 0.01; decreased swimming distance on day 4, P < 0.05; increased percent time in target quadrant, P < 0.05), corresponding with activation of microglia (decreased IBa-1 density, P < 0.001; decreased the protein expression of p47phox, P < 0.05; decreased protein expression of gp91phox, P < 0.01; decreased p-Src/Src, P < 0.01; decreased p-Erk/Erk, P < 0.01; decreased mac 1, P < 0.01), decreased neuron loss (increased number of NeurN+ neuron, P < 0.001; increased protein expression of NeruN, P < 0.01; decreased protein expression of caspase 3, P < 0.01) and increased PSD95 level in hippocampus (P < 0.01). The results indicated that mac1 and Src-Erk signaling was involved in increased NADPH oxidase expression in hippocampus microglia of P + M mice, and taurine could improve injuries in learning and memory through mac1 reduction. The new findings in mac1 triggering hippocampal microglia NADPH oxidase through Src/Erk pathway of the present study might provide a therapy target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Dysregulation of epithelial ion transport and neurochemical changes in the colon of a parkinsonian primate. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:9. [PMID: 33479243 PMCID: PMC7820491 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-020-00150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathological changes underlying gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are poorly understood and the symptoms remain inadequately treated. In this study we compared the functional and neurochemical changes in the enteric nervous system in the colon of adult, L-DOPA-responsive, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated common marmoset, with naïve controls. Measurement of mucosal vectorial ion transport, spontaneous longitudinal smooth muscle activity and immunohistochemical assessment of intrinsic innervation were each performed in discrete colonic regions of naïve and MPTP-treated marmosets. The basal short circuit current (Isc) was lower in MPTP-treated colonic mucosa while mucosal resistance was unchanged. There was no difference in basal cholinergic tone, however, there was an increased excitatory cholinergic response in MPTP-treated tissues when NOS was blocked with L-Nω-nitroarginine. The amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions in longitudinal smooth muscle as well as carbachol-evoked post-junctional contractile responses were unaltered, despite a decrease in choline acetyltransferase and an increase in the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neuron numbers per ganglion in the proximal colon. There was a low-level inflammation in the proximal but not the distal colon accompanied by a change in α-synuclein immunoreactivity. This study suggests that MPTP treatment produces long-term alterations in colonic mucosal function associated with amplified muscarinic mucosal activity but decreased cholinergic innervation in myenteric plexi and increased nitrergic enteric neurotransmission. This suggests that long-term changes in either central or peripheral dopaminergic neurotransmission may lead to adaptive changes in colonic function resulting in alterations in ion transport across mucosal epithelia that may result in GI dysfunction in PD.
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LeWitt PA, Chaudhuri KR. Unmet needs in Parkinson disease: Motor and non-motor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 80 Suppl 1:S7-S12. [PMID: 33349582 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Compared to other neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD) is distinctive in terms of marked symptomatic variability and prognosis, as well as for the wide variety of symptomatic treatment options. Despite several decades of advances in medications and neurosurgical approaches, there remains an unmet need for symptomatic motor control. Better control of tremor, gait and balance, posture, dexterity, and communication skills are major challenges for better therapeutics of the PD movement disorder. Non-motor symptoms (NMS), which often precede motor impairments, add complexity to the burden of PD and its management. Recognized by James Parkinson MD two centuries ago, and despite 21st century neurological advances, a range of NMS plague the patient's journey, from prodromal to palliative stages. Characterizing the clinical phenotype of the entire non-motor profile of PD is challenging. Further research and understanding are needed for discovering biomarkers of certain NMS, such as dementia, fatigue, pain, sleep, and apathy. More work is needed to gather a robust evidence base for guiding treatment of troubling NMS, which exert a major impact on quality of life for people with PD and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A LeWitt
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- King's College London and Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Cinar E, Yalcin-Cakmakli G, Saka E, Ulusoy A, Yuruker S, Elibol B, Tel BC. Modelling cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease: Is CA2 a gateway for hippocampal synucleinopathy? Exp Neurol 2020; 330:113357. [PMID: 32437708 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is one of the most disabling non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), though its pathological correlates still remain elusive. Hippocampal Lewy pathology has recently been correlated by compelling evidence from post-mortem and imaging studies. Animal models recapitulating cognitive impairment in PD are essential to better understand the underlying pathophysiology. To investigate the hippocampal involvement in cognitive dysfunction of PD, we generated an experimental model by inducing midbrain and hippocampal α-synuclein pathology simultaneously. METHODS Rats were injected either with human α-synuclein or green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV), or saline bilaterally into substantia nigra (SN) and dentate gyrus (DG). A group of untreated animals were used as naïve controls. Cognitive and behavioral changes were evaluated with tests probing for spatial learning, short-term memory, anxiety and hedonistic behavior. Immunohistochemical staining, immunoblotting and stereological analysis were performed for pathological characterization. RESULTS Bilateral α-synuclein overexpression in SN and DG led to mild but significant motor impairment as well as dysfunctions in short-term memory and spatial learning. There was no hedonistic deficit, whereas a hypo-anxious state was induced. While stereological analysis revealed no significant neuronal loss in any sectors of cornu ammonis, there was considerable decrease (43%) in TH+-neurons in SN pars compacta supporting the well-known vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons to α-synuclein mediated neurodegeneration. On the other hand, synaptophysin levels decreased in similar amounts both in striatum and hippocampus, suggesting comparable synaptic loss in target areas. Interestingly, phosphorylated-S129-α-synuclein staining revealed significant expression in CA2 characterized by more mature and dense cellular accumulations compared to CA1-CA3 sub-regions displaying more diffuse grain-like aggregates, suggesting preferential susceptibility of CA2 to produce α-synuclein induced pathology. CONCLUSION Bilateral α-synuclein overexpression in DG and SN reproduced partial motor and hippocampus related cognitive deficits. Using this model, we showed a predisposition of CA2 for pathological α-synuclein accumulation, which may provide further insights for future experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Cinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Esen Saka
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ulusoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sinan Yuruker
- Usak University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Usak, Turkey
| | - Bulent Elibol
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu C Tel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Paredes-Rodriguez E, Vegas-Suarez S, Morera-Herreras T, De Deurwaerdere P, Miguelez C. The Noradrenergic System in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:435. [PMID: 32322208 PMCID: PMC7157437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays it is well accepted that in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the neurodegenerative process occurs in stages and that damage to other areas precedes the neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which is considered a pathophysiological hallmark of PD. This heterogeneous and progressive neurodegeneration may explain the diverse symptomatology of the disease, including motor and non-motor alterations. In PD, one of the first areas undergoing degeneration is the locus coeruleus (LC). This noradrenergic nucleus provides extensive innervation throughout the brain and plays a fundamental neuromodulator role, participating in stress responses, emotional memory, and control of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Early in the disease, LC neurons suffer modifications that can condition the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, and importantly, can lead to the appearance of common non-motor symptomatology. The noradrenergic system also exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect on the dopaminergic degeneration and noradrenergic damage can consequently condition the progress of the disease. From the pharmacological point of view, it is also important to understand how the noradrenergic system performs in PD, since noradrenergic medication is often used in these patients, and drug interactions can take place when combining them with the gold standard drug therapy in PD, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). This review provides an overview about the functional status of the noradrenergic system in PD and its contribution to the efficacy of pharmacological-based treatments. Based on preclinical and clinical publications, a special attention will be dedicated to the most prevalent non-motor symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paredes-Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Sergio Vegas-Suarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdere
- Centre National de la Recherche scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA UMR 5287), Bordeaux, France
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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The neuroprotective effect of schisandrol A on 6-OHDA-induced PD mice may be related to PI3K/AKT and IKK/IκBα/NF-κB pathway. Exp Gerontol 2019; 128:110743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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van Wamelen DJ, Grigoriou S, Chaudhuri KR, Odin P. Continuous Drug Delivery Aiming Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 8:S65-S72. [PMID: 30584160 PMCID: PMC6311379 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation in Parkinson's disease (PD) has several advantages over pulsatile, non-continuous, stimulation. These therapies currently consist of pump-based and transcutaneous therapies and are based on a more constant delivery of the dopaminergic drug resulting in continuous dopaminergic stimulation and a more stable treatment effect. Several clinical and experimental observations have shown that continuous stimulation of dopaminergic receptors induces fewer complications, such as dyskinesia, compared to pulsatile stimulation. Currently available non-oral pharmacological continuous therapies in PD include the transdermal Rotigotine (RTG) patch, infusion therapies with Apomorphine and Intrajejunal Levodopa (IJLI) and the Rivastigmine patch. Here we aim to provide a concise review of these current therapies and discuss ongoing and future developments of continuous non-oral pharmacological dopaminergic therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J van Wamelen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King's College London, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.,Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King's College London, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.,Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Per Odin
- University of Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden.,University Hospital Reinkenheide, Bremerhaven, Germany
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15
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Titova N, Chaudhuri KR. Non-motor Parkinson disease: new concepts and personalised management. Med J Aust 2019; 208:404-409. [PMID: 29764353 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with Parkinson disease (PD) have non-motor symptoms (NMS), and on average these can range from four to 19 different symptoms. NMS dominate the prodromal phase of PD and some may serve as clinical biomarkers of PD. NMS can be dopaminergic, non-dopaminergic, of genetic origin or drug induced. Clinical assessment of NMS should include the NMS Questionnaire (completed by patients) for screening, as recommended by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society and other international societies. The total number of NMS in a patient with PD constitutes the NMS burden, which can be graded using validated cut-off scores on the NMS Questionnaire and Scale and can be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials. Despite NMS burden having a major effect on the quality of life of patients and carers, a large European study showed that NMS are often ignored in the clinic. The syndromic nature of PD is underpinned by non-motor subtypes which are likely to be related to specific dysfunction of cholinergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic pathways in the brain, not just the dopaminergic pathways. NMS can be treated by dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic strategies, but further robust studies supported by evidence from animal models are required. The future of modern treatment of PD needs to be supported by the delivery of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Titova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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16
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Faivre F, Joshi A, Bezard E, Barrot M. The hidden side of Parkinson’s disease: Studying pain, anxiety and depression in animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 96:335-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Breger LS, Fuzzati Armentero MT. Genetically engineered animal models of Parkinson's disease: From worm to rodent. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:533-560. [PMID: 30552719 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by aberrant accumulation of insoluble proteins, including alpha-synuclein, and a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The extended neurodegeneration leads to a drop of striatal dopamine levels responsible for disabling motor and non-motor impairments. Although the causes of the disease remain unclear, it is well accepted among the scientific community that the disorder may also have a genetic component. For that reason, the number of genetically engineered animal models has greatly increased over the past two decades, ranging from invertebrates to more complex organisms such as mice and rats. This trend is growing as new genetic variants associated with the disease are discovered. The EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) has promoted the creation of an online database aiming at summarising the different features of experimental models of Parkinson's disease. This review discusses available genetic models of PD and the extent to which they adequately mirror the human pathology and reflects on future development and uses of genetically engineered experimental models for the study of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine S Breger
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS UMR 5293, Centre Broca Nouvelle Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
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Loiodice S, Wing Young H, Rion B, Méot B, Montagne P, Denibaud AS, Viel R, Drieu La Rochelle C. Implication of nigral dopaminergic lesion and repeated L-dopa exposure in neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2018; 360:120-127. [PMID: 30521934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the contribution of nigral dopaminergic (DA) cell loss, repeated exposure to DA medication and the combination of both to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A bilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) was performed in rats. A set of animals was repeatedly administered with L-dopa (20 mg/kg/day) and benserazide (5 mg/kg/day) over 10 days starting from day 11 post-lesion. Behavioural testing was performed in week 3 post-lesion: novel object recognition (NOR), elevated plus maze (EPM) social interaction (SI) tests, and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (AIH). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant partial lesion (48%) in 6-OHDA versus sham rats. This lesion was not associated with motor impairment. However, lesioned rats displayed a significant deficit in the NOR, which was reversed by acute treatment with l-dopa/benserazide (12.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg respectively). Lesioned rats also displayed a deficit in the EPM which was not reversed by acute treatment with l-dopa. No difference was observed in the SI test or in the AIH assay. In all assays, no effect of chronic l-dopa exposure was observed. This study provides new insights into the neuropathophysiology associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD. Our data strongly emphasises a not previously clearly identified critical role in cognition for the SNc. The results suggest that DA pathways were less directly involved in lesion-induced anxiety-like behaviour. We did not report any effect of chronic l-dopa exposure in the context of partial nigral cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Loiodice
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - Harry Wing Young
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Rion
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Benoît Méot
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Montagne
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Roselyne Viel
- Plate-Forme H2P2, Université de Rennes 1, Biosit, 2 Av. du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
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19
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Fox SH, Brotchie JM. Viewpoint: Developing drugs for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in PD: Lessons learnt, what does the future hold? Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:399-409. [PMID: 30269407 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The drive to develop drugs to treat PD starts and ends with the patient. Herein, we discuss how the experience with drug development for LID has led the field in translational studies in PD with advancing ground-breaking science via rigorous clinical trial design, to deliver clinical proof-of-concepts across multiple therapeutic targets. However, issues remain in advancing drugs efficacious preclinically to the clinic, and future studies need to learn from past successes and failures. Such lessons include implementing better early indicators of tolerability, for instance evaluating non-motor symptoms in preclinical models; improving patient-related outcome measures in clinical trials, as well as considering the unique nature of dyskinesia in an individual patient. The field of translational studies needs to become more patient focused to improve successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Fox
- The Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Atuka Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Choudhury GR, Daadi MM. Charting the onset of Parkinson-like motor and non-motor symptoms in nonhuman primate model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202770. [PMID: 30138454 PMCID: PMC6107255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease increasingly affecting our aging population. Remarkable advances have been made in developing novel therapies to control symptoms, halt or cure the disease, ranging from physiotherapy and small molecules to cell and gene therapy. This progress was enabled by the existence of reliable animal models. The nonhuman primate model of Parkinson’s disease emulates the cardinal symptoms of the disease, including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, freezing and cognitive impairment. However, this model is established through the specific loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, while our current knowledge reflects the reality of Parkinson’s disease as a multisystem disease. Parkinson’s disease involves both motor and non-motor symptoms, such as sleep disturbance, olfaction, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, depression and cognitive deficits. Some of the non-motor symptoms emerge earlier at the prodromal phase and worsen with disease progression, yet in basic and translational studies, they are rarely considered as endpoints. In this study, we set to characterize an ensemble of less described motor and non-motor dysfunctions in the marmoset MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) model. We provide evidence that this animal model expresses postural head tremor and a progressive worsening of fine motor skills, movement coordination and cognitive abilities over a 6-month period. We report for the first time a non-invasive approach showing detailed analysis of daytime and nighttime sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance remarkably similar to Parkinson’s disease patients. This study describes the incidence of tremors, motor and non-motor dysfunctions in a preclinical model and highlights the need for their consideration in translating effective new therapeutic approaches for Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav R. Choudhury
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marcel M. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Research Imaging Institute, Departments of Radiology, Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Zhang X, Bai L, Zhang S, Zhou X, Li Y, Bai J. Trx-1 ameliorates learning and memory deficits in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:380-387. [PMID: 29960099 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), characteristic motor symptoms and cognitive impairment. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a redox protein and protects neurons from various injuries. Our previous study has shown that Trx-1 overexpression attenuates movement disorder in PD. However, whether Trx-1 ameliorates cognitive deficits in PD is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Trx-1 on learning and memory in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model in mice. We demonstrated that deficits in learning and memory were induced by MPTP in mice through the elevated plus-maze test. We found that the retention transfer latency time was shorten, escape latency was decreased and the number of platform crossings was increased in the Morris water maze (MWM) in Trx-1 transgenic (TG) mice when compared with wild type mice. The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) were decreased by MPTP, which were restored in Trx-1 TG mice. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit (NR2B), the levels of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus were decreased by MPTP, which were reversed in Trx-1 TG mice. These results suggest that Trx-1 ameliorates learning and memory deficits in MPTP-induced PD model in mice via modulating the D1R and the NMDAR-ERK1/2-CREB pathway. Trx-1 may be a therapy target for learning and memory deficits in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Liping Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Se Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ye Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Trigo-Damas I, del Rey NLG, Blesa J. Novel models for Parkinson’s disease and their impact on future drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:229-239. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1428556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Titova N, Martinez-Martin P, Katunina E, Chaudhuri KR. Advanced Parkinson's or "complex phase" Parkinson's disease? Re-evaluation is needed. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:1529-1537. [PMID: 29116411 PMCID: PMC5686262 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Holistic management of Parkinson's disease, now recognised as a combined motor and nonmotor disorder, remains a key unmet need. Such management needs relatively accurate definition of the various stages of Parkinson's from early untreated to late palliative as each stage calls for personalised therapies. Management also needs to have a robust knowledge of the progression pattern and clinical heterogeneity of the presentation of Parkinson's which may manifest in a motor dominant or nonmotor dominant manner. The "advanced" stages of Parkinson's disease qualify for advanced treatments such as with continuous infusion or stereotactic surgery yet the concept of "advanced Parkinson's disease" (APD) remains controversial in spite of growing knowledge of the natural history of the motor syndrome of PD. Advanced PD is currently largely defined on the basis of consensus opinion and thus with several caveats. Nonmotor aspects of PD may also reflect advancing course of the disorder, so far not reflected in usual scale based assessments which are largely focussed on motor symptoms. In this paper, we discuss the problems with current definitions of "advanced" PD and also propose the term "complex phase" Parkinson's disease as an alternative which takes into account a multimodal symptoms and biomarker based approach in addition to patient preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Titova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education « N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University » of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pablo Martinez-Martin
- National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Katunina
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education « N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University » of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Kings College Hospital and The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Kings College, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE59RT, UK.
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