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Roy S, Sinha S, Silas AJ, Ghassemian M, Kufareva I, Ghosh P. Growth factor-dependent phosphorylation of Gα i shapes canonical signaling by G protein-coupled receptors. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eade8041. [PMID: 38833528 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A long-standing question in the field of signal transduction is how distinct signaling pathways interact with each other to control cell behavior. Growth factor receptors and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the two major signaling hubs in eukaryotes. Given that the mechanisms by which they signal independently have been extensively characterized, we investigated how they may cross-talk with each other. Using linear ion trap mass spectrometry and cell-based biophysical, biochemical, and phenotypic assays, we found at least three distinct ways in which epidermal growth factor affected canonical G protein signaling by the Gi-coupled GPCR CXCR4 through the phosphorylation of Gαi. Phosphomimicking mutations in two residues in the αE helix of Gαi (tyrosine-154/tyrosine-155) suppressed agonist-induced Gαi activation while promoting constitutive Gβγ signaling. Phosphomimicking mutations in the P loop (serine-44, serine-47, and threonine-48) suppressed Gi activation entirely, thus completely segregating growth factor and GPCR pathways. As expected, most of the phosphorylation events appeared to affect intrinsic properties of Gαi proteins, including conformational stability, nucleotide binding, and the ability to associate with and to release Gβγ. However, one phosphomimicking mutation, targeting the carboxyl-terminal residue tyrosine-320, promoted mislocalization of Gαi from the plasma membrane, a previously uncharacterized mechanism of suppressing GPCR signaling through G protein subcellular compartmentalization. Together, these findings elucidate not only how growth factor and chemokine signals cross-talk through the phosphorylation-dependent modulation of Gαi but also how such cross-talk may generate signal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Roy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ananta James Silas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular and Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Maghsoudi S, Shuaib R, Van Bastelaere B, Dakshinamurti S. Adenylyl cyclase isoforms 5 and 6 in the cardiovascular system: complex regulation and divergent roles. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1370506. [PMID: 38633617 PMCID: PMC11021717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1370506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are crucial effector enzymes that transduce divergent signals from upstream receptor pathways and are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of ATP to cAMP. The ten AC isoforms are categorized into four main groups; the class III or calcium-inhibited family of ACs comprises AC5 and AC6. These enzymes are very closely related in structure and have a paucity of selective activators or inhibitors, making it difficult to distinguish them experimentally. AC5 and AC6 are highly expressed in the heart and vasculature, as well as the spinal cord and brain; AC6 is also abundant in the lungs, kidney, and liver. However, while AC5 and AC6 have similar expression patterns with some redundant functions, they have distinct physiological roles due to differing regulation and cAMP signaling compartmentation. AC5 is critical in cardiac and vascular function; AC6 is a key effector of vasodilatory pathways in vascular myocytes and is enriched in fetal/neonatal tissues. Expression of both AC5 and AC6 decreases in heart failure; however, AC5 disruption is cardio-protective, while overexpression of AC6 rescues cardiac function in cardiac injury. This is a comprehensive review of the complex regulation of AC5 and AC6 in the cardiovascular system, highlighting overexpression and knockout studies as well as transgenic models illuminating each enzyme and focusing on post-translational modifications that regulate their cellular localization and biological functions. We also describe pharmacological challenges in the design of isoform-selective activators or inhibitors for AC5 and AC6, which may be relevant to developing new therapeutic approaches for several cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Maghsoudi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rabia Shuaib
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ben Van Bastelaere
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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3
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Finlay DB, Mackie W, Webb HDJ, Thomsen LR, Nimick M, Rosengren RJ, Marusich JA, Glass M, Wiley JL. The piperazine analogue para-fluorophenylpiperazine alters timing of the physiological effects of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist AMB-FUBINACA, without changing its discriminative stimulus, signalling effects, or metabolism. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 223:173530. [PMID: 36805861 PMCID: PMC10020421 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
AMB-FUBINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA), which has been associated with substantial abuse and health harm since 2016 in many countries including New Zealand. A characteristic of AMB-FUBINACA use in New Zealand has included the observation that forensic samples (from autopsies) and drugs seized by police have often been found to contain para-fluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP), a relatively little-characterised piperazine analogue that has been suggested to act through 5HT1a serotonin receptors. In the current study, we aimed to characterise the interactions of these two agents in rat physiological endpoints using plethysmography and telemetry, and to examine whether pFPP altered the subjective effects of AMB-FUBINACA in mice trained to differentiate a cannabinoid (THC) from vehicle. Though pFPP did not alter the ability of AMB-FUBINACA to substitute for THC, it did appear to abate some of the physiological effects of AMB-FUBINACA in rats by delaying the onset of AMB-FUBINACA-mediated hypothermia and shortening duration of bradycardia. In HEK cells stably expressing the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, 5HT1a, or both CB1 and 5HT1a, cAMP signalling was recorded using a BRET biosensor (CAMYEL) to assess possible direct receptor interactions. Although low potency pFPP agonism at 5HT1a was confirmed, little evidence for signalling interactions was detected in these assays: additive or synergistic effects on potency or efficacy were not detected between pFPP and AMB-FUBINACA-mediated cAMP inhibition. Experiments utilising higher potency, classical 5HT1a ligands (agonist 8OH-DPAT and antagonist WAY100635) also failed to reveal evidence for mutual CB1/5HT1a interactions or cross-antagonism. Finally, the ability of pFPP to alter the metabolism of AMB-FUBINACA in rat and human liver microsomes into its primary carboxylic acid metabolite via carboxylesterase-1 was assessed by HPLC; no inhibition was detected. Overall, the effects we have observed do not suggest that increased harm/toxicity would result from the combination of pFPP and AMB-FUBINACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Warwick Mackie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hunter D J Webb
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lucy R Thomsen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mhairi Nimick
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Glogauer J, Blay J. Cannabinoids, their cellular receptors, and effects on the invasive phenotype of carcinoma and metastasis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1475. [PMID: 34313032 PMCID: PMC8842690 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality of cancer are significantly impacted by the invasive and metastatic potential of particular subgroups of malignant cells within a tumor. The particular pre-metastatic properties of cancerous cells are thus a critical target for novel therapeutics in the oncology field. Cannabinoid molecules have been investigated in recent years in the context of invasion and metastasis of various malignancies, with varying effects reported in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS There was substantial variability in the findings reported by the literature of the effects of cannabinoid molecules on cancer cell invasion and metastasis. These effects varied depending on which ligand and which of the CB1, CB2, or GPR55 receptors were investigated. These findings suggest a role for the phenomenon of biased signaling in explaining the diversity of effects of cannabinoid molecules on cancer cell invasion. CONCLUSION While substantially more investigation is required into the effects of cannabinoid molecules on cancer cell invasion and metastasis, we describe in this review the significant diversity in the responses of cancer cells to cannabinoid molecules in terms of their invasive and metastatic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judah Glogauer
- Michael G. DeGroote School of MedicineMcMaster University Waterloo Regional CampusKitchenerOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of PharmacyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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Yang L, Zhu X, Finlay DB, Glass M, Duffull SB. Exploring group size for statistical analysis of real-time signalling experiments. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3997-4004. [PMID: 34031869 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Classical pharmacological bioassays generally use observed effects from a concentration series, at a single equilibrium time point to construct a concentration-effect curve, representing one experiment. However, if the full kinetic profile of the effect data for each concentration was evaluated simultaneously, then the analysis would be more powerful. In this work, we explore if more precise parameters can be achieved by using the full kinetic method. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a simulation estimation study to explore the influence of kinetic analysis on the precision of the Emax model parameter estimates (Emax and C50 ). We compared a full kinetic approach in which all effect versus time data from a theoretical real-time signalling experiment were analysed simultaneously with a 'reference' approach. The theoretical real-time signalling experiment was based on a previously published CB2 receptor-binding experiment. KEY RESULTS The reference method with a group size (n) of 5 provided highly precise parameter estimates (coefficient of variation [CV] 3.4% for Emax and 0.72% for C50 ). A full kinetic method provided more precise estimates than the reference with equal or smaller group sizes. Note that group size 'n' here refers to the number of technical replicates rather than the number of biological replicates. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS A full kinetic method can yield more precise parameter estimates than the equilibrium method. Such an approach may be more useful for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Otago Pharmacometrics Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Otago Pharmacometrics Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen B Duffull
- Otago Pharmacometrics Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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A novel allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB 1 receptor ameliorates hyperdopaminergia endophenotypes in rodent models. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:413-422. [PMID: 33036015 PMCID: PMC7852560 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (eCBs) encompasses the endocannabinoids, their synthetic and degradative enzymes, and cannabinoid (CB) receptors. The eCBs mediates inhibition of neurotransmitter release and acts as a major homeostatic system. Many aspects of the eCBs are altered in a number of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, which is characterized by dysregulation of dopaminergic signaling. The GluN1-Knockdown (GluN1KD) and Dopamine Transporter Knockout (DATKO) mice are models of hyperdopaminergia, which display abnormal psychosis-related behaviors, including hyperlocomotion and changes in pre-pulse inhibition (PPI). Here, we investigate the ability of a novel CB1 receptor (CB1R) allosteric modulator, ABM300, to ameliorate these dysregulated behaviors. ABM300 was characterized in vitro (receptor binding, β-arrestin2 recruitment, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cAMP inhibition) and in vivo (anxiety-like behaviors, cannabimimetic effects, novel environment exploratory behavior, pre-pulse inhibition, conditioned avoidance response) to assess the effects of the compound in dysregulated behaviors within the transgenic models. In vitro, ABM300 increased CB1R agonist binding but acted as an inhibitor of CB1R agonist induced signaling, including β-arrestin2 translocation, ERK phosphorylation and cAMP inhibition. In vivo, ABM300 did not elicit anxiogenic-like or cannabimimetic effects, but it decreased novelty-induced hyperactivity, exaggerated stereotypy, and vertical exploration in both transgenic models of hyperdopaminergia, as well as normalizing PPI in DATKO mice. The data demonstrate for the first time that a CB1R allosteric modulator ameliorates the behavioral deficits in two models of increased dopamine, warranting further investigation as a potential therapeutic target in psychiatry.
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7
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Mensching L, Rading S, Nikolaev V, Karsak M. Monitoring Cannabinoid CB2 -Receptor Mediated cAMP Dynamics by FRET-Based Live Cell Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217880. [PMID: 33114208 PMCID: PMC7660676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled cannabinoid CB2 receptor signaling and function is primarily mediated by its inhibitory effect on adenylate cyclase. The visualization and monitoring of agonist dependent dynamic 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling at the single cell level is still missing for CB2 receptors. This paper presents an application of a live cell imaging while using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor, Epac1-camps, for quantification of cAMP. We established HEK293 cells stably co-expressing human CB2 and Epac1-camps and quantified cAMP responses upon Forskolin pre-stimulation, followed by treatment with the CB2 ligands JWH-133, HU308, β-caryophyllene, or 2-arachidonoylglycerol. We could identify cells showing either an agonist dependent CB2-response as expected, cells displaying no response, and cells with constitutive receptor activity. In Epac1-CB2-HEK293 responder cells, the terpenoid β-caryophyllene significantly modified the cAMP response through CB2. For all of the tested ligands, a relatively high proportion of cells with constitutively active CB2 receptors was identified. Our method enabled the visualization of intracellular dynamic cAMP responses to the stimuli at single cell level, providing insights into the nature of heterologous CB2 expression systems that contributes to the understanding of Gαi-mediated G-Protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in living cells and opens up possibilities for future investigations of endogenous CB2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonore Mensching
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meliha Karsak
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Fletcher-Jones A, Hildick KL, Evans AJ, Nakamura Y, Henley JM, Wilkinson KA. Protein Interactors and Trafficking Pathways That Regulate the Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor (CB1R). Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:108. [PMID: 32595453 PMCID: PMC7304349 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) acts as a negative feedback mechanism to suppress synaptic transmission and plays a major role in a diverse range of brain functions including, for example, the regulation of mood, energy balance, and learning and memory. The function and dysfunction of the ECS are strongly implicated in multiple psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in the brain and, as for any synaptic receptor, CB1R needs to be in the right place at the right time to respond appropriately to changing synaptic circumstances. While CB1R is found intracellularly throughout neurons, its surface expression is highly polarized to the axonal membrane, consistent with its functional expression at presynaptic sites. Surprisingly, despite the importance of CB1R, the interacting proteins and molecular mechanisms that regulate the highly polarized distribution and function of CB1R remain relatively poorly understood. Here we set out what is currently known about the trafficking pathways and protein interactions that underpin the surface expression and axonal polarity of CB1R, and highlight key questions that still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fletcher-Jones
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Keri L Hildick
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J Evans
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Henley
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Thapa D, Cairns EA, Szczesniak AM, Kulkarni PM, Straiker AJ, Thakur GA, Kelly MEM. Allosteric Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) Ligands Reduce Ocular Pain and Inflammation. Molecules 2020; 25:E417. [PMID: 31968549 PMCID: PMC7024337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) activation has been reported to reduce transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1)-induced inflammatory responses and is anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory in corneal injury. We examined whether allosteric ligands, can modulate CB1 signaling to reduce pain and inflammation in corneal hyperalgesia. Corneal hyperalgesia was generated by chemical cauterization of cornea in wildtype and CB2 knockout (CB2-/-) mice. The novel racemic CB1 allosteric ligand GAT211 and its enantiomers GAT228 and GAT229 were examined alone or in combination with the orthosteric CB1 agonist Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC). Pain responses were assessed following capsaicin (1 µM) stimulation of injured corneas at 6 h post-cauterization. Corneal neutrophil infiltration was also analyzed. GAT228, but not GAT229 or GAT211, reduced pain scores in response to capsaicin stimulation. Combination treatments of 0.5% GAT229 or 1% GAT211 with subthreshold Δ8-THC (0.4%) significantly reduced pain scores following capsaicin stimulation. The anti-nociceptive effects of both GAT229 and GAT228 were blocked with CB1 antagonist AM251, but remained unaffected in CB2-/- mice. Two percent GAT228, or the combination of 0.2% Δ8-THC with 0.5% GAT229 also significantly reduced corneal inflammation. CB1 allosteric ligands could offer a novel approach for treating corneal pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thapa
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Cairns
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Pushkar M. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex J. Straiker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melanie E. M. Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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10
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Nguyen T, Gamage TF, Decker AM, Barrus D, Langston TL, Li JX, Thomas BF, Zhang Y. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 1-Phenyl-3-Thiophenylurea Derivatives as Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptor Allosteric Modulators. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9806-9823. [PMID: 31596583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported diarylurea derivatives as cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1) allosteric modulators, which were effective in attenuating cocaine-seeking behavior. Herein, we extended the structure-activity relationships of PSNCBAM-1 (2) at the central phenyl ring directly connected to the urea moiety. Replacement with a thiophene ring led to 11 with improved or comparable potencies in calcium mobilization, [35S]GTPγS binding, and cAMP assays, whereas substitution with nonaromatic rings led to significant attenuation of the modulatory activity. These compounds had no inverse agonism in [35S]GTPγS binding, a characteristic that is often thought to contribute to adverse psychiatric effects. While 11 had good metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes, it showed modest solubility and blood-brain barrier permeability. Compound 11 showed an insignificant attenuation of cocaine seeking behavior in rats, most likely due to its limited CNS penetration, suggesting that pharmacokinetics and distribution play a role in translating the in vitro efficacy to in vivo behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Nguyen
- Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Thomas F Gamage
- Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Ann M Decker
- Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Daniel Barrus
- Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Tiffany L Langston
- Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14214 , United States
| | - Brian F Thomas
- Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
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11
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Sharaf A, Mensching L, Keller C, Rading S, Scheffold M, Palkowitsch L, Djogo N, Rezgaoui M, Kestler HA, Moepps B, Failla AV, Karsak M. Systematic Affinity Purification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Identified p62 as Part of the Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 Interactome. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:224. [PMID: 31616248 PMCID: PMC6763791 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists particularly of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), their endogenous ligands, and enzymes that synthesize and degrade their ligands. It acts in a variety of organs and disease states ranging from cancer progression over neuropathic pain to neurodegeneration. Protein components engaged in the signaling, trafficking, and homeostasis machinery of the G-protein coupled CB2, are however largely unknown. It is therefore important to identify further interaction partners to better understand CB2 receptor functions in physiology and pathophysiology. For this purpose, we used an affinity purification and mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach of Strep-HA-CB2 receptor in HEK293 cells. After subtraction of background interactions and protein frequency library assessment we could identify 83 proteins that were classified by the identification of minimally 2 unique peptides as highly probable interactors. A functional protein association network analysis obtained an interaction network with a significant enrichment of proteins functionally involved in protein metabolic process, in endoplasmic reticulum, response to stress but also in lipid metabolism and membrane organization. The network especially contains proteins involved in biosynthesis and trafficking like calnexin, Sec61A, tubulin chains TUBA1C and TUBB2B, TMED2, and TMED10. Six proteins that were only expressed in stable CB2 expressing cells were DHC24, DHRS7, GGT7, HECD3, KIAA2013, and PLS1. To exemplify the validity of our approach, we chose a candidate having a relatively low number of edges in the network to increase the likelihood of a direct protein interaction with CB2 and focused on the scaffold/phagosomal protein p62/SQSTM1. Indeed, we independently confirmed the interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemical colocalization studies. 3D reconstruction of confocal images furthermore showed CB2 localization in close proximity to p62 positive vesicles at the cell membrane. In summary, we provide a comprehensive repository of the CB2 interactome in HEK293 cells identified by a systematic unbiased approach, which can be used in future experiments to decipher the signaling and trafficking complex of this cannabinoid receptor. Future studies will have to analyze the exact mechanism of the p62-CB2 interaction as well as its putative role in disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sharaf
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonore Mensching
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Keller
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Scheffold
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Nevena Djogo
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meriem Rezgaoui
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Moepps
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Meliha Karsak
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Finlay DB, Cawston EE, Grimsey NL, Hunter MR, Korde A, Vemuri VK, Makriyannis A, Glass M. Gα s signalling of the CB 1 receptor and the influence of receptor number. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2545-2562. [PMID: 28516479 PMCID: PMC5513864 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CB1 receptor signalling is canonically mediated through inhibitory Gαi proteins, but occurs through other G proteins under some circumstances, Gαs being the most characterized secondary pathway. Determinants of this signalling switch identified to date include Gαi blockade, CB1 /D2 receptor co-stimulation, CB1 agonist class and cell background. Hence, we examined the effects of receptor number and different ligands on CB1 receptor signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CB1 receptors were expressed in HEK cells at different levels, and signalling characterized for cAMP by real-time BRET biosensor -CAMYEL - and for phospho-ERK by AlphaScreen. Homogenate and whole cell radioligand binding assays were performed to characterize AM6544, a novel irreversible CB1 receptor antagonist. KEY RESULTS In HEK cells expressing high levels of CB1 receptors, agonist treatment stimulated cAMP, a response not known to be mediated by receptor number. Δ9 -THC and BAY59-3074 increased cAMP only in high-expressing cells pretreated with pertussis toxin, and agonists demonstrated more diverse signalling profiles in the stimulatory pathway than the canonical inhibitory pathway. Pharmacological CB1 receptor knockdown and Gαi 1 supplementation restored canonical Gαi signalling to high-expressing cells. Constitutive signalling in both low- and high-expressing cells was Gαi -mediated. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CB1 receptor coupling to opposing G proteins is determined by both receptor and G protein expression levels, which underpins a mechanism for non-canonical signalling in a fashion consistent with Gαs signalling. CB1 receptors mediate opposite consequences in endpoints such as tumour viability depending on expression levels; our results may help to explain such effects at the level of G protein coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Erin E Cawston
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Natasha L Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Morag R Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Anisha Korde
- Center for Drug DiscoveryNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - V Kiran Vemuri
- Center for Drug DiscoveryNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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