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Shen Z, Ke Z, Yang Q, Ghebremichael ST, Li T, Li T, Chen J, Meng X, Xiang H, Li C, Zhou Z, Pan G, Chen P. Transcriptomic changes in the microsporidia proliferation and host responses in congenitally infected embryos and larvae. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:321. [PMID: 38556880 PMCID: PMC10983672 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital infection caused by vertical transmission of microsporidia N. bombycis can result in severe economic losses in the silkworm-rearing industry. Whole-transcriptome analyses have revealed non-coding RNAs and their regulatory networks in N. bombycis infected embryos and larvae. However, transcriptomic changes in the microsporidia proliferation and host responses in congenitally infected embryos and larvae remains unclear. Here, we simultaneously compared the transcriptomes of N. bombycis and its host B. mori embryos of 5-day and larvae of 1-, 5- and 10-day during congenital infection. For the transcriptome of N. bombycis, a comparison of parasite expression patterns between congenital-infected embryos and larva showed most genes related to parasite central carbon metabolism were down-regulated in larvae during infection, whereas the majority of genes involved in parasite proliferation and growth were up-regulated. Interestingly, a large number of distinct or shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were revealed by the Venn diagram and heat map, many of them were connected to infection related factors such as Ricin B lectin, spore wall protein, polar tube protein, and polysaccharide deacetylase. For the transcriptome of B. mori infected with N. bombycis, beyond numerous DEGs related to DNA replication and repair, mRNA surveillance pathway, RNA transport, protein biosynthesis, and proteolysis, with the progression of infection, a large number of DEGs related to immune and infection pathways, including phagocytosis, apoptosis, TNF, Toll-like receptor, NF-kappa B, Fc epsilon RI, and some diseases, were successively identified. In contrast, most genes associated with the insulin signaling pathway, 2-oxacarboxylic acid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and lipid metabolisms were up-regulated in larvae compared to those in embryos. Furthermore, dozens of distinct and three shared DEGs that were involved in the epigenetic regulations, such as polycomb, histone-lysine-specific demethylases, and histone-lysine-N-methyltransferases, were identified via the Venn diagram and heat maps. Notably, many DEGs of host and parasite associated with lipid-related metabolisms were verified by RT-qPCR. Taken together, simultaneous transcriptomic analyses of both host and parasite genes lead to a better understanding of changes in the microsporidia proliferation and host responses in embryos and larvae in N. bombycis congenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigang Shen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhuojun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericulture and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Samson Teweldeberhan Ghebremichael
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tangxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Heng Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Zhang K, Repnik U, Diab N, Friske D, Pütz A, Bachmann AZ, Gubbi NMKP, Hensel M, Förstner KU, Westermann AJ, Dupont A, Hornef MW. Non-professional efferocytosis of Salmonella-infected intestinal epithelial cells in the neonatal host. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231237. [PMID: 38305765 PMCID: PMC10837083 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is the first line of defense against enteric pathogens. Removal of infected cells by exfoliation prevents mucosal translocation and systemic infection in the adult host, but is less commonly observed in the neonatal intestine. Instead, here, we describe non-professional efferocytosis of Salmonella-infected enterocytes by neighboring epithelial cells in the neonatal intestine. Intestinal epithelial stem cell organoid cocultures of neonatal and adult cell monolayers with damaged enterocytes replicated this observation, confirmed the age-dependent ability of intestinal epithelial cells for efferocytosis, and identified the involvement of the "eat-me" signals and adaptors phosphatidylserine and C1q as well as the "eat-me" receptors integrin-αv (CD51) and CD36 in cellular uptake. Consistent with this, massive epithelial cell membrane protrusions and CD36 accumulation at the contact site with apoptotic cells were observed in the infected neonatal host in vivo. Efferocytosis of infected small intestinal enterocytes by neighboring epithelial cells may represent a previously unrecognized mechanism of neonatal antimicrobial host defense to maintain barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Zhang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Department of Biology, Central Microscopy Unit, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nour Diab
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Friske
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Pütz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
| | - Alina Z Bachmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Konrad U Förstner
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander J Westermann
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aline Dupont
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
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Westermann AJ, Vogel J. Cross-species RNA-seq for deciphering host-microbe interactions. Nat Rev Genet 2021; 22:361-378. [PMID: 33597744 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-021-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human body is constantly exposed to microorganisms, which entails manifold interactions between human cells and diverse commensal or pathogenic bacteria. The cellular states of the interacting cells are decisive for the outcome of these encounters such as whether bacterial virulence programmes and host defence or tolerance mechanisms are induced. This Review summarizes how next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become a primary technology to study host-microbe interactions with high resolution, improving our understanding of the physiological consequences and the mechanisms at play. We illustrate how the discriminatory power and sensitivity of RNA-seq helps to dissect increasingly complex cellular interactions in time and space down to the single-cell level. We also outline how future transcriptomics may answer currently open questions in host-microbe interactions and inform treatment schemes for microbial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Westermann
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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