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Ferrer-Uris B, Busquets A, Beslija F, Durduran T. Assessment of Microvascular Hemodynamic Adaptations in Finger Flexors of Climbers. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:401. [PMID: 38671822 PMCID: PMC11048441 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Climbing performance is greatly dependent on the endurance of the finger flexors which, in turn, depends on the ability to deliver and use oxygen within the muscle. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) have provided new possibilities to explore these phenomena in the microvascular environment. The aim of the present study was to explore climbing-related microvascular adaptations through the comparison of the oxygen concentration and hemodynamics of the forearm between climbers and non-climber active individuals during a vascular occlusion test (VOT). Seventeen climbers and fifteen non-climbers joined the study. Through NIRS and DCS, the oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) concentrations, tissue saturation index (TSI), and blood flow index (BFI) were obtained from the flexor digitorum profundus during the VOT. During the reactive hyperemia, climbers presented greater blood flow slopes (p = 0.043, d = 0.573), as well as greater O2Hb maximum values (p = 0.001, d = 1.263) and HHb minimum values (p = 0.009, d = 0.998), than non-climbers. The superior hemodynamics presented by climbers could indicate potential training-induced structural and functional adaptations that could enhance oxygen transportation to the muscle, and thus enhance muscle endurance and climbing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blai Ferrer-Uris
- Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Albert Busquets
- Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Faruk Beslija
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08860 Castelldefels, Spain; (F.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08860 Castelldefels, Spain; (F.B.); (T.D.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Li J, Xu Y, Liu T, Xu Y, Zhao X, Wei J. The Role of Exercise in Maintaining Mitochondrial Proteostasis in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097994. [PMID: 37175699 PMCID: PMC10179072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease and has serious health and socio-economic consequences. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the onset and progression of PD, and the use of mitochondria as a target for PD therapy has been gaining traction in terms of both recognition and application. The disruption of mitochondrial proteostasis in the brain tissue of PD patients leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which manifests as mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitophagy, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Physical exercise is important for the maintenance of human health, and has the great advantage of being a non-pharmacological therapy that is non-toxic, low-cost, and universally applicable. In this review, we investigate the relationships between exercise, mitochondrial proteostasis, and PD and explore the role and mechanisms of mitochondrial proteostasis in delaying PD through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiantao Zhao
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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3
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ATF5 is a regulator of exercise-induced mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101623. [PMID: 36332794 PMCID: PMC9661517 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt) is a compartment-specific mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanism that uses the transcription factor ATF5 to induce the expression of protective enzymes to restore mitochondrial function. Acute exercise is a stressor that has the potential to temporarily disrupt organellar protein homeostasis, however, the roles of ATF5 and the UPRmt in maintaining basal mitochondrial content, function and exercise-induced MQC mechanisms in skeletal muscle are not known. METHODS ATF5 KO and WT mice were examined at rest or after a bout of acute endurance exercise. We measured protein content in whole muscle, nuclear, cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, in addition to mRNA transcript levels in whole muscle. Using isolated mitochondria, we quantified rates of oxygen consumption and ROS emission to observe the effects of the absence of ATF5 on organelle function. RESULTS ATF5 KO mice exhibited a larger and less functional muscle mitochondrial pool, most likely a culmination of enhanced biogenesis via increased PGC-1α expression, and attenuated mitophagy. The absence of ATF5 resulted in a reduction in antioxidant proteins and increases in mitochondrial ROS emission, cytosolic cytochrome c, and the expression of mitochondrial chaperones. KO muscle also displayed enhanced exercise-induced stress kinase signaling, but a blunted mitophagic and UPRmt gene expression response, complemented by significant increases in the basal mRNA abundance and nuclear localization of ATF4. Instead of promoting its nuclear translocation, acute exercise caused the enrichment of ATF5 in mitochondrial fractions. We also identified PGC-1α as an additional regulator of the basal expression of UPRmt genes. CONCLUSION The transcription factor ATF5 retains a critical role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and the appropriate response of muscle to acute exercise for the optimization of mitochondrial quality control.
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Yamada AK, Pimentel GD, Pickering C, Cordeiro AV, Silva VR. Effect of caffeine on mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle – A narrative review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Ridderinkhof KR, Krugers HJ. Horizons in Human Aging Neuroscience: From Normal Neural Aging to Mental (Fr)Agility. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:815759. [PMID: 35845248 PMCID: PMC9277589 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.815759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While aging is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, age-related cognitive decline can also manifest without apparent neurodegenerative changes. In this review, we discuss molecular, cellular, and network changes that occur during normal aging in the absence of neurodegenerative disease. Emerging findings reveal that these changes include metabolic alterations, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, calcium dyshomeostasis, and several other hallmarks of age-related neural changes that do not act on their own, but are often interconnected and together may underlie age-related alterations in brain plasticity and cognitive function. Importantly, age-related cognitive decline may not be reduced to a single neurobiological cause, but should instead be considered in terms of a densely connected system that underlies age-related cognitive alterations. We speculate that a decline in one hallmark of neural aging may trigger a decline in other, otherwise thus far stable subsystems, thereby triggering a cascade that may at some point also incur a decline of cognitive functions and mental well-being. Beyond studying the effects of these factors in isolation, considerable insight may be gained by studying the larger picture that entails a representative collection of such factors and their interactions, ranging from molecules to neural networks. Finally, we discuss some potential interventions that may help to prevent these alterations, thereby reducing cognitive decline and mental fragility, and enhancing mental well-being, and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harm J. Krugers
- Amsterdam Center for Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- SILS-CNS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Tripp TR, Frankish BP, Lun V, Wiley JP, Shearer J, Murphy RM, MacInnis MJ. Time course and fibre type-dependent nature of calcium-handling protein responses to sprint interval exercise in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2022; 600:2897-2917. [PMID: 35556249 DOI: 10.1113/jp282739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to cause fragmentation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-release channel, ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) 24 hours post-exercise, which may act as a signal for mitochondrial biogenesis. In this study, we examined the time course of RyR1 fragmentation in human whole muscle and pooled type I and type II skeletal muscle fibres following a single session of SIT. Full-length RyR1 protein content was significantly lower than pre-exercise by 6 h post-SIT in whole muscle, and fragmentation was detectable in type II but not type I fibres, though to a lesser extent than in whole muscle. The peak in PGC1A mRNA expression occurred earlier than RyR1 fragmentation. The increased temporal resolution and fibre type-specific responses for RyR1 fragmentation provide insights into its importance to mitochondrial biogenesis in humans. ABSTRACT Sprint interval training (SIT) causes fragmentation of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel, ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), 24h post-exercise, potentially signaling mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing cytosolic [Ca2+ ]. Yet, the time course and skeletal muscle fibre type-specific patterns of RyR1 fragmentation following a session of SIT remain unknown. Ten participants (n = 4 females; n = 6 males) performed a session of SIT (6 × 30 s "all-out" with 4.5 min rest after each sprint) with vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples collected before and 3, 6, and 24h after exercise. In whole muscle, full-length RyR1 protein content was significantly reduced 6 h (mean [SD]; -38 [38]%; p<0.05) and 24 h post-SIT (-30 [48]%; p<0.05) compared to pre-exercise. Examining each participant's largest response in pooled samples, full-length RyR1 protein content was reduced in type II (-26 [30]%; p<0.05) but not type I fibres (-11 [40]%; p>0.05). 3h post-SIT, there was also a decrease in SERCA1 in type II fibres (-23 [17]%; p<0.05) and SERCA2a in type I fibres (-19 [21]%; p<0.05), despite no time effect for either protein in whole muscle samples (p>0.05). PGC1A mRNA content was elevated 3h and 6h post-SIT (5.3- and 3.7-fold change from pre, respectively; p<0.05 for both), but peak PGC1A mRNA expression was not significantly correlated with peak RyR1 fragmentation (r2 = 0.10; p>0.05). In summary, altered Ca2+ -handling protein expression, which occurs primarily in type II muscle fibres, may influence signals for mitochondrial biogenesis as early as 3-6 h post-SIT in humans. Abstract figure legend Western blotting was performed on whole muscle and pooled type I and II muscle fibre preparations derived from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples collected before and after a single session of sprint interval training (SIT). Full-length ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) protein content was reduced 6 and 24 h post-exercise in whole muscle samples compared to baseline, despite a heterogeneous time course among individuals. This RyR1 fragmentation proceeded and outlasted the increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated γ receptor coactivator 1α (PGC1A) mRNA expression. When examining the time point of each individual's peak response, RyR1 fragmentation was evident in type II, but not type I, muscle fibres. These findings suggest that, in humans, mitochondrial biogenesis could be influenced by RyR1 fragmentation 3-6 h post-SIT in a fibre type-dependent manner. Created with BioRender.com. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Tripp
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barnaby P Frankish
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victor Lun
- University of Calgary Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Preston Wiley
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,University of Calgary Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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de França E, dos Santos RVT, Baptista LC, Da Silva MAR, Fukushima AR, Hirota VB, Martins RA, Caperuto EC. Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo. Front Physiol 2022; 13:843784. [PMID: 35360245 PMCID: PMC8960951 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.843784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin depigmentation and the appearance of white patches throughout the body caused by significant apoptosis of epidermal melanocytes. Despite not causing any physical pain, vitiligo can originate several psychosocial disorders, drastically reducing patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that vitiligo is associated with several genetic polymorphisms related to auto-reactivity from the immune system to melanocytes. Melanocytes from vitiligo patients suffer from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by defective mitochondria besides a poor endogenous antioxidant system (EAS). This redox imbalance results in dramatic melanocyte oxidative stress (OS), causing significant damage in proteins, lipid membranes, and DNA. The damaged melanocytes secret damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), inducing and increasing inflammatory gene expression response that ultimately leads to melanocytes apoptosis. Vitiligo severity has been also associated with increasing the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or associated disorders such as insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, suggesting that in genetically predisposed individuals, the environmental context that triggers MetS (i.e., sedentary lifestyle) may also be an important trigger for the development and severity of vitiligo disease. This paper will discuss the relationship between the immune system and epidermal melanocytes and their interplay with the redox system. Based on state-of-the-art evidence from the vitiligo research, physical exercise (PE) immunology, and redox system literature, we will also propose chronic PE as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat and prevent vitiligo disease progression. We will present evidence that chronic PE can change the balance of inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, improve both EAS and the mitochondrial structure and function (resulting in the decrease of OS). Finally, we will highlight clinically relevant markers that can be analyzed in a new research avenue to test the potential applicability of chronic PE in vitiligo disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias de França
- Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL United States
- Targeted Exercise, Microbiome and Aging Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL United States
| | - Marco A. R. Da Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - André R. Fukushima
- Centro Universitário das Américas – FAM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde – IGESP – FASIG, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raul A. Martins
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Liu Y, Guo C, Liu S, Zhang S, Mao Y, Fang L. Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Static Strength Training Improves Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Motor Function in Aged Rats via the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 Pathway. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:811-821. [PMID: 34040358 PMCID: PMC8139720 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s308893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Most studies have focused on dynamic resistance exercises for preventing muscular decline and maintaining the muscle strength of older individuals. However, this training mode is impractical for older people with osteoarthritis and a limited range of motion. The static strength training mode is more suitable for older people. Therefore, a determination of the effect and mechanism of static strength training on sarcopenia is critical. Methods In this study, we developed a training device designed to collect training data and evaluate the effects of static training on the upper limbs of rats. The expression of PGC-1α was locally blocked by injecting a siRNA at the midpoint of the biceps to determine whether PGC-1α signal transduction participates in the effects of high-intensity interval static training on muscle strength. Then, the rat’s motor capacity was measured after static strength training. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were applied to determine PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 expression levels in the muscle and adipose tissue. The serum irisin level was also detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Increased levels of serum irisin and local expression of FNDC5, PGC-1α, and UCP1 were observed in the biceps brachii and surrounding fatty tissue after static strength training. Static strength training showed an advantage in reducing body weight and white fat accumulation while increasing the muscle fiber volume, which resulted in a longer training time and shorter rest time. Conclusion Overall, these results indicated that high-intensity interval static training prevents skeletal muscle atrophy and improves the motor function of aged rats through the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Guo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201803, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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9
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Modaresi MS, Fathei M, Attarzadeh Hosseini SR, Ziaaldini MM, Sadeghian Shahi MR. The effects of two iso-volume endurance training protocols on mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic male mice. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1097-1103. [PMID: 33520827 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Type 2diabetes(T2D) is one of the more common diseases in the world and has been widely spread. One of the suggested mechanisms in development of T2D, is mitochondrial dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two endurance training protocols with low and moderate intensity on biogenesis and mitochondrial function, in Diabetic mice induced by high fat diet and Streptozotocin(STZ). Methods 40 five week old mice divided to four groups including: health control (HC, n = 7), diabetic control (DC, n = 7), low endurance training (DLT, n = 7) and moderate endurance training (DMT, n = 7). DMT group ran at 5 m/min for an hour, 3 days a week on a treadmill, and DLT group ran at 3 m/min for an hour, 5 days a week on a treadmill for 8 weeks. Results The cytosolic content of PGC1α, Tfam and mitochondrial content of citrate synthase(Cs) and cytochrome c oxidase(Cox) in DC was significantly reduced compared to HC(P˂0.05). All of the parameters except for Cs in both DLT and DMT were increased compared to DC (P˂0.05), but there was no difference between them and the HC (P˃0.05). There was no difference in Cs enzyme between the DC and the DLT(P˃0.05), but it was significantly increased in the DMT(P˂0.05). There was a significantly difference between Cs enzyme in HC and DLT(P˂0.05), but there wasn't any significant difference between HC and DMT(P˃0.05). Conclusions The results showed that in same volume condition, both endurance training protocols improved the proteins involved in biogenesis and mitochondrial function in T2D mice and there was no significant difference between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Fathei
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi sq, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Ferreira AFF, Binda KH, Singulani MP, Pereira CPM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Real CC, Britto LR. Physical exercise protects against mitochondria alterations in the 6-hidroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 387:112607. [PMID: 32199987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is typicaly caractherized by loss of dopaminergic neurons, as well as the presence of mitochondrial impairments. Although physical exercise is known to promote many beneficial effects in healthy subjects, such as enhancing mitocondrial biogenesis and function, it is not clear if these effects are evident after exercise in individuals with PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different protocol durations on motor behavior (aphomorphine and gait tests), mitochondrial biogenesis signaling (PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM), structure (oxidative phosphorylation system protein levels) and respiratory chain activity (complex I) in a unilateral PD rat model. For this, male Wistar rats were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine unilaterally into the striatum and submitted to an intermitent moderate treadmill exercise for one or four weeks. In the gait test, only stride width data revealed an improvement after one week of exercise. On the other hand, after 4 weeks of the exercise protocol all gait parameters analyzed and the aphomorphine test demonstrated a recovery. Analysis of protein revealed that one week of exercise was able to prevent PGC-1α and NRF-1 expression decrease in PD animals. In addition, after four weeks of physical exercise, besides PGC-1α and NRF-1, reduction in TFAM and complex I protein levels and increased complex I activity were also prevented in PD animals. Thus, our results suggest a neuroprotective and progressive effect of intermittent treadmill exercise, which could be related to its benefits on mitochondrial biogenesis signaling and respiratory chain modulation of the dopaminergic system in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Patricio Singulani
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Parga Martins Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Zhang Y, Oliveira AN, Hood DA. The intersection of exercise and aging on mitochondrial protein quality control. Exp Gerontol 2020; 131:110824. [PMID: 31911185 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle quality and quantity are negatively impacted with age. Part of this decline in function can be attributed to alterations in mitochondrial turnover, and in the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial homeostasis. Protein quality control within the mitochondria relies on a number of interconnected processes, namely the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), protein import and mitophagy. In particular, the post-transcriptional regulation of protein import into the organelle has generated considerable recent interest in view of its dynamic versatility. The capacity for import can be increased by chronic exercise, and diminished by muscle disuse, and defects in the import pathway can be rescued by exercise. Within mitochondria, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated if protein import is altered, or if protein misfolding takes place. This UPR generates retrograde signaling to the nucleus to activate compensatory gene expression and protein synthesis. Mitophagy is also elevated with age, contributing to the lower mitochondrial content in aging muscle. However, mitophagy is amenable to exercise adaptations, as it is activated with each exercise bout, presumably to mediate mitochondrial quality control. However, this response is attenuated in older subjects. Although not yet completely elucidated, numerous molecular processes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover are affected with age. The contrasting and often opposite consequences of exercise and age suggest that exercise can serve as non-pharmacological "mitochondrial medicine" for aging muscle to ameliorate mitochondrial content and function, via pathways that implicate organelle protein quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
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12
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Henríquez-Olguín C, Boronat S, Cabello-Verrugio C, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo E, Jensen TE. The Emerging Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 in Skeletal Muscle Redox Signaling and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1371-1410. [PMID: 31588777 PMCID: PMC6859696 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue to whole-body locomotion and metabolic health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as intracellular messengers participating in both physiological and pathological adaptations in skeletal muscle. A complex interplay between ROS-producing enzymes and antioxidant networks exists in different subcellular compartments of mature skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major source of contraction- and insulin-stimulated oxidants production, but they may paradoxically also contribute to muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Recent Advances: Pharmacological and molecular biological tools, including redox-sensitive probes and transgenic mouse models, have generated novel insights into compartmentalized redox signaling and suggested that NOX2 contributes to redox control of skeletal muscle metabolism. Critical Issues: Major outstanding questions in skeletal muscle include where NOX2 activation occurs under different conditions in health and disease, how NOX2 activation is regulated, how superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NOX2 reaches the cytosol, what the signaling mediators are downstream of NOX2, and the role of NOX2 for different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Future Directions: Future research should utilize and expand the current redox-signaling toolbox to clarify the NOX2-dependent mechanisms in skeletal muscle and determine whether the proposed functions of NOX2 in cells and animal models are conserved into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Mota MP, Dos Santos ZA, Soares JFP, de Fátima Pereira A, João PV, O'Neil Gaivão I, Oliveira MM. Intervention with a combined physical exercise training to reduce oxidative stress of women over 40 years of age. Exp Gerontol 2019; 123:1-9. [PMID: 31102617 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training has been shown to be one of the most important lifestyle factor for improving functional performance and health status. Nevertheless, and although some evidence exists about the effects of aerobic training on oxidative stress, there is scarce information concerning the effects of combined exercise training (aerobic and strength training) in oxidative stress. Considering this, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of a combined exercise training in oxidative stress parameters of women over 40 years of age. At baseline, 67 women enrolled in the study and were divided into three groups: younger group (YG, n = 28: 40 to 49 years), middle-aged group (MAG, n = 21: 50 to 59 years) and oldest group (OG, n = 18: above 60 years). These women engaged in a combined exercise training program for 16 weeks, 3 sessions of 60 min per week. At the end of the program, only 31 women (YG: 15; MAG: 8 and OG: 8) were remained in the study and were considered for analysis. Physical assessments (weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference), health and functional parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fitness tests: supine, latissimus, squat jump, 8 foot up and go test, 30 second chair stand test, and 6 min walk test) and measures of DNA damage (DNA SBs, DNA netFPG), lipid peroxidation (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase activity (CAT) were performed before and after the 16-week intervention with combined exercise. The results showed an improvement of overall physical and functional performance as well as a significant decrease in waist perimeter and systolic blood pressure after the exercise program intervention. Regarding the biochemical measures, the exercise training induced a significant decrease in oxidative damage, and a significant increase in the TAC (p < 0.05). The results indicate that combined exercise training induces benefits in functional capacity and reduce damage caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Mota
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge Frederico Pinto Soares
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana de Fátima Pereira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Research Center in Education, CIEF-IPS, Polythecnic Institute of Setubal, Estefanilha, P-2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Vicente João
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel O'Neil Gaivão
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center, CECAV, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Oliveira
- Chemistry Center of Vila Real, CQVR, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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14
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Fiorenza M, Gunnarsson TP, Ehlers TS, Bangsbo J. High-intensity exercise training ameliorates aberrant expression of markers of mitochondrial turnover but not oxidative damage in skeletal muscle of men with essential hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13208. [PMID: 30339318 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine whether hypertensive individuals exhibit altered muscle mitochondrial turnover and redox homeostasis compared with healthy normotensive counterparts, and whether the antihypertensive effect of high-intensity exercise training is associated with improved mitochondrial quality and enhanced anti-oxidant defence. METHODS In a cross-sectional and longitudinal parallel design, 24 essential hypertensive (HYP) and 13 healthy normotensive (NORM) men completed 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Twenty four-hour ambulatory blood pressure, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise capacity and skeletal muscle characteristics were examined before and after HIIT. Expression of markers of mitochondrial turnover, anti-oxidant protection and oxidative damage was determined in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Muscle protein levels of eNOS and VEGF, and muscle capillarity were also evaluated. RESULTS At baseline, HYP exhibited lower expression of markers of mitochondrial volume/biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion/fission and autophagy along with depressed eNOS expression compared with NORM. Expression of markers of anti-oxidant protection was similar in HYP and NORM, whereas oxidative damage was higher in HYP than in NORM. In HYP, HIIT lowered blood pressure, improved body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity, up-regulated markers of mitochondrial volume/biogenesis and autophagy and increased eNOS and VEGF protein content. Furthermore, in HYP, HIIT induced divergent responses in markers of mitochondrial fusion and anti-oxidant protection, did not affect markers of mitochondrial fission, and increased apoptotic susceptibility and oxidative damage. CONCLUSION The present results indicate aberrant muscle mitochondrial turnover and augmented oxidative damage in hypertensive individuals. High-intensity exercise training can partly reverse hypertension-related impairments in muscle mitochondrial turnover, but not redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fiorenza
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Thomas P. Gunnarsson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Thomas S. Ehlers
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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15
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Fix DK, VanderVeen BN, Counts BR, Carson JA. Regulation of Skeletal Muscle DRP-1 and FIS-1 Protein Expression by IL-6 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8908457. [PMID: 30918582 PMCID: PMC6408992 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8908457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 signals through the ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein 130 (gp130) transmembrane protein to activate intracellular signaling that includes signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Dynamin-1-like protein (DRP-1) and mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS-1) are key proteins in the process of mitochondrial fission and have emerged as IL-6-sensitive targets. The purpose of this study was to examine the regulation of DRP-1 and FIS-1 expression by IL-6 and gp130 signaling in myotubes and skeletal muscle. Fully differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with 100 ng of IL-6 for 24 hours in the presence of gp130siRNA, C188-9 (STAT3 inhibitor), or PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor). Male C57BL/6 (B6) and muscle-specific gp130 knockout mice (KO) had IL-6 systemically overexpressed for 2 weeks by transient transfection with 50 ng of an IL-6-expressing or control plasmid in the quadriceps muscles, and the tibialis anterior muscle was analyzed to determine systemic effects of IL-6. IL-6 induced DRP-1 and FIS-1 expression in myotubes 124% and 82% (p = .001) and in skeletal muscle 97% and 187% (p = .001). Myotube gp130 knockdown suppressed the IL-6 induction of DRP-1 68% (p = .002) and FIS-1 65% (p = .001). Muscle KO suppressed the IL-6 induction of DRP-1 220% (p = .001) and FIS-1 121% (p = .001). ERK1/2 inhibition suppressed the IL-6 induction of DRP-1 59% (p = .0003) and FIS-1 102% (p = .0001) in myotubes, while there was no effect of STAT3 inhibition. We report that chronically elevated IL-6 can directly induce DRP-1 and FIS-1 expression through gp130 signaling in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, ERK 1/2 signaling is necessary for the IL-6 induction of DRP-1 and FIS-1 expression in myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K. Fix
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Brandon N. VanderVeen
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Brittany R. Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James A. Carson
- College of Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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16
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Hornberger TA, Carter HN, Hood DA, Figueiredo VC, Dupont-Versteegden EE, Peterson CA, McCarthy JJ, Camera DM, Hawley JA, Chaillou T, Cheng AJ, Nader GA, Wüst RCI, Houtkooper RH. Commentaries on Viewpoint: The rigorous study of exercise adaptations: Why mRNA might not be enough. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 121:597-600. [PMID: 27543661 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00509.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Hornberger
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Heather N Carter
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - David A Hood
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Vandré Casagrande Figueiredo
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - John J McCarthy
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Donny M Camera
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - John A Hawley
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Thomas Chaillou
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- University of Wisconsin-MadisonYork UniversityUniversity of KentuckyAustralian Catholic UniversityAustralian Catholic University, Liverpool John Moores UniversityKarolinska InstitutetPennsylvania State UniversityAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
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17
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Abreu P. Bioenergetics mechanisms regulating muscle stem cell self-renewal commitment and function. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:463-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Fiorenza M, Gunnarsson TP, Hostrup M, Iaia FM, Schena F, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J. Metabolic stress-dependent regulation of the mitochondrial biogenic molecular response to high-intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2018; 596:2823-2840. [PMID: 29727016 DOI: 10.1113/jp275972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Low-volume high-intensity exercise training promotes muscle mitochondrial adaptations that resemble those associated with high-volume moderate-intensity exercise training. These training-induced mitochondrial adaptations stem from the cumulative effects of transient transcriptional responses to each acute exercise bout. However, whether metabolic stress is a key mediator of the acute molecular responses to high-intensity exercise is still incompletely understood. Here we show that, by comparing different work-matched low-volume high-intensity exercise protocols, more marked metabolic perturbations were associated with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis-related muscle mRNA responses. Furthermore, when compared with high-volume moderate-intensity exercise, only the low-volume high-intensity exercise eliciting severe metabolic stress compensated for reduced exercise volume in the induction of mitochondrial biogenic mRNA responses. The present results, besides improving our understanding of the mechanisms mediating exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis, may have implications for applied and clinical research that adopts exercise as a means to increase muscle mitochondrial content and function in healthy or diseased individuals. ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of exercise-induced metabolic stress on regulation of the molecular responses promoting skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Twelve endurance-trained men performed three cycling exercise protocols characterized by different metabolic profiles in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Specifically, two work-matched low-volume supramaximal-intensity intermittent regimes, consisting of repeated-sprint (RS) and speed endurance (SE) exercise, were employed and compared with a high-volume continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CM) protocol. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained before, immediately after, and 3 h after exercise. SE produced the most marked metabolic perturbations as evidenced by the greatest changes in muscle lactate and pH, concomitantly with higher post-exercise plasma adrenaline levels in comparison with RS and CM. Exercise-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII and p38 MAPK was greater in SE than in RS and CM. The exercise-induced PGC-1α mRNA response was higher in SE and CM than in RS, with no difference between SE and CM. Muscle NRF-2, TFAM, MFN2, DRP1 and SOD2 mRNA content was elevated to the same extent by SE and CM, while RS had no effect on these mRNAs. The exercise-induced HSP72 mRNA response was larger in SE than in RS and CM. Thus, the present results suggest that, for a given exercise volume, the initial events associated with mitochondrial biogenesis are modulated by metabolic stress. In addition, high-intensity exercise seems to compensate for reduced exercise volume in the induction of mitochondrial biogenic molecular responses only when the intense exercise elicits marked metabolic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fiorenza
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - T P Gunnarsson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Hostrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F M Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - H Pilegaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Teo E, Batchu KC, Barardo D, Xiao L, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Tolwinski N, Wenk M, Halliwell B, Gruber J. A novel vibration-induced exercise paradigm improves fitness and lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9420. [PMID: 29925926 PMCID: PMC6010440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been known to reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome, but the mechanisms underlying many exercise benefits remain unclear. This is, in part, due to a lack of exercise paradigms in invertebrate model organisms that would allow rapid mechanistic studies to be conducted. Here we report a novel exercise paradigm in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) that can be implemented under standard laboratory conditions. Mechanical stimulus in the form of vibration was transduced to C. elegans grown on solid agar media using an acoustic actuator. One day post-exercise, the exercised animals showed greater physical fitness compared to the un-exercised controls. Despite having higher mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, no mitohormetic adaptations and lifespan extension were observed in the exercised animals. Nonetheless, exercised animals showed lower triacylglycerides (TAG) accumulation than the controls. Among the individual TAG species, the most significant changes were found in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid residues. Such alteration resulted in an overall lower double bond index and peroxidation index which measure susceptibility towards lipid peroxidation. These observations are consistent with findings from mammalian exercise literature, suggesting that exercise benefits are largely conserved across different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelyne Teo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Diogo Barardo
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linfan Xiao
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Markus Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Fix DK, Hardee JP, Gao S, VanderVeen BN, Velázquez KT, Carson JA. Role of gp130 in basal and exercise-trained skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality control. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1456-1470. [PMID: 29389248 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01063.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-6 cytokine family activates intracellular signaling pathways through glycoprotein-130 (gp130), and this signaling has established regulatory roles in muscle glucose metabolism and proteostasis. Although the IL-6 family has been implicated as myokines regulating the muscles' metabolic response to exercise, gp130's role in mitochondrial quality control involving fission, fusion, mitophagy, and biogenesis is not well understood. Therefore, we examined gp130's role in basal and exercise-trained muscle mitochondrial quality control. Muscles from C57BL/6, skeletal muscle-specific gp130 knockout (KO) mice, and C2C12 myotubes, were examined. KO did not alter treadmill run-to-fatigue or indices of mitochondrial content [cytochrome- c oxidase (COX) activity] or biogenesis (AMPK, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and COX IV). KO increased mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS-1) while suppressing mitofusin-1 (MFN-1), which was recapitulated in myotubes after gp130 knockdown. KO induced ubiquitin-binding protein p62, Parkin, and ubiquitin in isolated mitochondria from gastrocnemius muscles. Knockdown of gp130 in myotubes suppressed STAT3 and induced accumulation of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3B (LC3)-II relative to LC3-I. Suppression of myotube STAT3 did not alter FIS-1 or MFN-1. Exercise training increased muscle gp130 and suppressed STAT3. KO did not alter the exercise-training induction of COX activity, biogenesis, FIS-1, or Beclin-1. KO increased MFN-1 and suppressed 4-hydroxynonenal after exercise training. These findings suggest a role for gp130 in the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic processes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although the IL-6 family of cytokines has been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein turnover and metabolism, less is understood about its role in mitochondrial quality control. We examined the glycoprotein-130 receptor in the regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondria quality control in the basal and exercise-trained states. We report that the muscle glycoprotein-130 receptor modulates basal mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic processes and is not necessary for exercise-training mitochondrial adaptations to quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K Fix
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Song Gao
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kandy T Velázquez
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - James A Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
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21
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Erlich AT, Brownlee DM, Beyfuss K, Hood DA. Exercise induces TFEB expression and activity in skeletal muscle in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C62-C72. [PMID: 29046293 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial network in muscle is controlled by the opposing processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. The coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) regulates biogenesis, while the transcription of mitophagy-related genes is controlled by transcription factor EB (TFEB). PGC-1α activation is induced by exercise; however, the effect of exercise on TFEB is not fully known. We investigated the interplay between PGC-1α and TFEB on mitochondria in response to acute contractile activity in C2C12 myotubes and following exercise in wild-type and PGC-1α knockout mice. TFEB nuclear localization was increased by 1.6-fold following 2 h of acute myotube contractile activity in culture, while TFEB transcription was also simultaneously increased by twofold to threefold. Viral overexpression of TFEB in myotubes increased PGC-1α and cytochrome- c oxidase-IV gene expression. In wild-type mice, TFEB translocation to the nucleus increased 2.4-fold in response to acute exercise, while TFEB transcription, assessed through the electroporation of a TFEB promoter construct, was elevated by fourfold. These exercise effects were dependent on the presence of PGC-1α. Our data indicate that acute exercise provokes TFEB expression and activation in a PGC-1α-dependent manner and suggest that TFEB, along with PGC-1α, is an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle as a result of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigail T Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Diane M Brownlee
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Beyfuss
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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22
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Lee AY, Jang Y, Hong SH, Chang SH, Park S, Kim S, Kang KS, Kim JE, Cho MH. Ephedrine-induced mitophagy via oxidative stress in human hepatic stellate cells. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:461-473. [PMID: 28717105 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The herb Ephedra sinica (also known as Chinese ephedra or Ma Huang), used in traditional Chinese medicine, contains alkaloids identical to ephedrine and pseudoephedrine as its principal active constituents. Recent studies have reported that ephedrine has various side effects in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. In addition, herbal Ephedra, a plant containing many pharmacologically active alkaloids, principally ephedrine, has been reported to cause acute hepatitis. Many studies reported clinical cases, however, the cellular mechanism of liver toxicity by ephedrine remains unknown. In this study, we investigated hepatotoxicity and key regulation of mitophagy in ephedrine-treated LX-2 cells. Ephedrine triggered mitochondrial oxidative stress and depolarization. Mitochondrial swelling and autolysosome were observed in ephedrine-treated cells. Ephedrine also inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis, and the mitochondrial copy number was decreased. Parkin siRNA recovered the ephedrine-induced mitochondrial damage. Excessive mitophagy lead to cell death through imbalance of autophagic flux. Moreover, antioxidants and reducing Parkin level could serve as therapeutic targets for ephedrine-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea.,Present address: New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Chang
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea.,Present address: Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea.,Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea.,Present address: Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea.,Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea.,Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Korea.,Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Korea.,Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Korea
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23
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Willingham TB, McCully KK. In Vivo Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Clinical Populations Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Physiol 2017; 8:689. [PMID: 28959210 PMCID: PMC5603672 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to sustain submaximal exercise is largely dependent on the oxidative capacity of mitochondria within skeletal muscle, and impairments in oxidative metabolism have been implicated in many neurologic and cardiovascular pathologies. Here we review studies which have demonstrated the utility of Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a method of evaluating of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in clinical human populations. NIRS has been previously used to noninvasively measure tissue oxygen saturation, but recent studies have demonstrated the utility of NIRS as a method of evaluating skeletal muscle oxidative capacity using post-exercise recovery kinetics of oxygen metabolism. In comparison to historical methods of measuring muscle metabolic dysfunction in vivo, NIRS provides a more versatile and economical method of evaluating mitochondrial oxidative capacity in humans. These advantages generate great potential for the clinical applicability of NIRS as a means of evaluating muscle dysfunction in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin K McCully
- Department of Kinesiology, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, United States
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24
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Navas-Enamorado I, Bernier M, Brea-Calvo G, de Cabo R. Influence of anaerobic and aerobic exercise on age-related pathways in skeletal muscle. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:39-52. [PMID: 28487241 PMCID: PMC5549001 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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25
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Zanuso S, Sacchetti M, Sundberg CJ, Orlando G, Benvenuti P, Balducci S. Exercise in type 2 diabetes: genetic, metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations. A review of the evidence. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:1533-1538. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Tamura Y, Hatta H. Heat stress induces mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.6.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tamura
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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27
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McGlory C, Devries MC, Phillips SM. Skeletal muscle and resistance exercise training; the role of protein synthesis in recovery and remodeling. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:541-548. [PMID: 27742803 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00613.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise results in the rapid remodeling of skeletal muscle. This process is underpinned by acute and chronic changes in both gene and protein synthesis. In this short review we provide a brief summary of our current understanding regarding how exercise influences these processes as well as the subsequent impact on muscle protein turnover and resultant shift in muscle phenotype. We explore concepts of ribosomal biogenesis and the potential role of increased translational capacity vs. translational efficiency in contributing to muscular hypertrophy. We also examine whether high-intensity sprinting-type exercise promotes changes in protein turnover that lead to hypertrophy or merely a change in mitochondrial content. Finally, we propose novel areas for future study that will fill existing knowledge gaps in the fields of translational research and exercise science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Zhuang J, Kamp WM, Li J, Liu C, Kang JG, Wang PY, Hwang PM. Forkhead Box O3A (FOXO3) and the Mitochondrial Disulfide Relay Carrier (CHCHD4) Regulate p53 Protein Nuclear Activity in Response to Exercise. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24819-24827. [PMID: 27687729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.745737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although exercise is linked with improved health, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its various benefits require further clarification. Here we report that exercise increases the nuclear localization and activity of p53 by acutely down-regulating coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain 4 (CHCHD4), a carrier protein that mediates p53 import into the mitochondria. This response to exercise is lost in transgenic mice with constitutive expression of CHCHD4. Mechanistically, exercise-induced nuclear transcription factor FOXO3 binds to the CHCHD4 promoter and represses its expression, preventing the translocation of p53 to the mitochondria and thereby increasing p53 nuclear localization. The synergistic increase in nuclear p53 and FOXO3 by exercise can facilitate their known interaction in transactivating Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase that mediates adaptation to various stresses. Thus, our results reveal one mechanism by which exercise could be involved in preventing cancer and potentially other diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine and
| | | | - Jie Li
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine and
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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29
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Naviaux RK, Naviaux JC, Li K, Bright AT, Alaynick WA, Wang L, Baxter A, Nathan N, Anderson W, Gordon E. Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5472-80. [PMID: 27573827 PMCID: PMC5027464 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607571113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 2 million people in the United States have myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). We performed targeted, broad-spectrum metabolomics to gain insights into the biology of CFS. We studied a total of 84 subjects using these methods. Forty-five subjects (n = 22 men and 23 women) met diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS by Institute of Medicine, Canadian, and Fukuda criteria. Thirty-nine subjects (n = 18 men and 21 women) were age- and sex-matched normal controls. Males with CFS were 53 (±2.8) y old (mean ± SEM; range, 21-67 y). Females were 52 (±2.5) y old (range, 20-67 y). The Karnofsky performance scores were 62 (±3.2) for males and 54 (±3.3) for females. We targeted 612 metabolites in plasma from 63 biochemical pathways by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization, and tandem mass spectrometry in a single-injection method. Patients with CFS showed abnormalities in 20 metabolic pathways. Eighty percent of the diagnostic metabolites were decreased, consistent with a hypometabolic syndrome. Pathway abnormalities included sphingolipid, phospholipid, purine, cholesterol, microbiome, pyrroline-5-carboxylate, riboflavin, branch chain amino acid, peroxisomal, and mitochondrial metabolism. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed diagnostic accuracies of 94% [95% confidence interval (CI), 84-100%] in males using eight metabolites and 96% (95% CI, 86-100%) in females using 13 metabolites. Our data show that despite the heterogeneity of factors leading to CFS, the cellular metabolic response in patients was homogeneous, statistically robust, and chemically similar to the evolutionarily conserved persistence response to environmental stress known as dauer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467;
| | - Jane C Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467
| | - A Taylor Bright
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467
| | - William A Alaynick
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103-8467
| | - Asha Baxter
- Gordon Medical Associates, Santa Rosa, CA 95403
| | - Neil Nathan
- Gordon Medical Associates, Santa Rosa, CA 95403
| | | | - Eric Gordon
- Gordon Medical Associates, Santa Rosa, CA 95403
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30
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Metabolic Control of Longevity. Cell 2016; 166:802-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Henríquez-Olguín C, Díaz-Vegas A, Utreras-Mendoza Y, Campos C, Arias-Calderón M, Llanos P, Contreras-Ferrat A, Espinosa A, Altamirano F, Jaimovich E, Valladares DM. NOX2 Inhibition Impairs Early Muscle Gene Expression Induced by a Single Exercise Bout. Front Physiol 2016; 7:282. [PMID: 27471471 PMCID: PMC4944119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate as signaling molecules in response to exercise in skeletal muscle. However, the source of ROS and the molecular mechanisms involved in these phenomena are still not completely understood. The aim of this work was to study the role of skeletal muscle NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) in the molecular response to physical exercise in skeletal muscle. BALB/c mice, pre-treated with a NOX2 inhibitor, apocynin, (3 mg/kg) or vehicle for 3 days, were swim-exercised for 60 min. Phospho–p47phox levels were significantly upregulated by exercise in flexor digitorum brevis (FDB). Moreover, exercise significantly increased NOX2 complex assembly (p47phox–gp91phox interaction) demonstrated by both proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation. Exercise-induced NOX2 activation was completely inhibited by apocynin treatment. As expected, exercise increased the mRNA levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), citrate synthase (CS), mitochondrial transcription factor A (tfam) and interleukin-6 (IL-I6) in FDB muscles. Moreover, the apocynin treatment was associated to a reduced activation of p38 MAP kinase, ERK 1/2, and NF-κB signaling pathways after a single bout of exercise. Additionally, the increase in plasma IL-6 elicited by exercise was decreased in apocynin-treated mice compared with the exercised vehicle-group (p < 0.001). These results were corroborated using gp91-dstat in an in vitro exercise model. In conclusion, NOX2 inhibition by both apocynin and gp91dstat, alters the intracellular signaling to exercise and electrical stimuli in skeletal muscle, suggesting that NOX2 plays a critical role in molecular response to an acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Clínica MEDSSantiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Díaz-Vegas
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Yildy Utreras-Mendoza
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Campos
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Arias-Calderón
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Facultad de Odontología, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- Facultad de Medicina, School of Medical Technology, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Facultad de Medicina, School of Medical Technology, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse M Valladares
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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32
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Erlich AT, Tryon LD, Crilly MJ, Memme JM, Moosavi ZSM, Oliveira AN, Beyfuss K, Hood DA. Function of specialized regulatory proteins and signaling pathways in exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:187-197. [PMID: 28462117 PMCID: PMC5390460 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function are regulated by a number of specialized molecular pathways that remain to be fully defined. Although a number of proteins have been identified to be important for the maintenance of mitochondria in quiescent muscle, the requirement for these appears to decrease with the activation of multiple overlapping signaling events that are triggered by exercise. This makes exercise a valuable therapeutic tool for the treatment of mitochondrially based metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize some of the traditional and more recently appreciated pathways that are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle, particularly during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A. Hood
- Corresponding author. Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada.
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