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Wal P, Aziz N, Singh CP, Rasheed A, Tyagi LK, Agrawal A, Wal A. Current Landscape of Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:356-376. [PMID: 38288826 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232268840231222035423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders (CVD) are the primary cause of death worldwide. Multiple factors have been accepted to cause cardiovascular diseases; among them, smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating habits, age, and family history are flag-bearers. Individuals at risk of developing CVD are suggested to make drastic habitual changes as the primary intervention to prevent CVD; however, over time, the disease is bound to worsen. This is when secondary interventions come into play, including antihypertensive, anti-lipidemic, anti-anginal, and inotropic drugs. These drugs usually undergo surgical intervention in patients with a much higher risk of heart failure. These therapeutic agents increase the survival rate, decrease the severity of symptoms and the discomfort that comes with them, and increase the overall quality of life. However, most individuals succumb to this disease. None of these treatments address the molecular mechanism of the disease and hence are unable to halt the pathological worsening of the disease. Gene therapy offers a more efficient, potent, and important novel approach to counter the disease, as it has the potential to permanently eradicate the disease from the patients and even in the upcoming generations. However, this therapy is associated with significant risks and ethical considerations that pose noteworthy resistance. In this review, we discuss various methods of gene therapy for cardiovascular disorders and address the ethical conundrum surrounding it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, India
| | - Namra Aziz
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, India
| | | | - Azhar Rasheed
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No.-11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Ankur Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy, Jai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, India
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Basalova N, Illarionova M, Skryabina M, Vigovskiy M, Tolstoluzhinskaya A, Primak A, Chechekhina E, Chechekhin V, Karagyaur M, Efimenko A. Advances and Obstacles in Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Non-Coding RNA Gene Knockout in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:49. [PMID: 37736895 PMCID: PMC10514828 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) genes have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their widespread involvement in physiological and pathological processes and regulatory networks. The study of the function and molecular partners of ncRNAs opens up opportunities for the early diagnosis and treatment of previously incurable diseases. However, the classical "loss-of-function" approach in ncRNA function analysis is challenged due to some specific issues. Here, we have studied the potency of two CRISPR/Cas9 variants, wild-type (SpCas9wt) and nickase (SpCas9D10A) programmable nucleases, for the editing of extended DNA sequences in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Editing the genes of fibrosis-related hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-29c-3p, we have shown that a pair of SpCas9D10A molecules can effectively disrupt miRNA genes within the genomes of MSCs. This leads not only to a decrease in the level of knockout miRNA in MSCs and MSC-produced extracellular vesicles, but also to a change in cell physiology and the antifibrotic properties of the cell secretome. These changes correlate well with previously published data for the knockdown of certain miRNAs. The proposed approach can be used to knock out ncRNA genes within the genomes of MSCs or similar cell types in order to study their function in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Basalova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (M.V.); (A.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Illarionova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Mariya Skryabina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Maksim Vigovskiy
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (M.V.); (A.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Anastasia Tolstoluzhinskaya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (M.V.); (A.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Alexandra Primak
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Elizaveta Chechekhina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Vadim Chechekhin
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Maxim Karagyaur
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (M.V.); (A.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Anastasia Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (M.V.); (A.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1, Lomonosovsky Ave., 119192 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (V.C.)
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Moore OM, Ho KS, Copeland JS, Parthasarathy V, Wehrens XHT. Genome Editing and Cardiac Arrhythmias. Cells 2023; 12:1363. [PMID: 37408197 PMCID: PMC10216508 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews progress in the field of cardiac genome editing, in particular, its potential utility in treating cardiac arrhythmias. First, we discuss genome editing methods by which DNA can be disrupted, inserted, deleted, or corrected in cardiomyocytes. Second, we provide an overview of in vivo genome editing in preclinical models of heritable and acquired arrhythmias. Third, we discuss recent advancements in cardiac gene transfer, including delivery methods, gene expression optimization, and potential adverse effects associated with therapeutic somatic genome editing. While genome editing for cardiac arrhythmias is still in its infancy, this approach holds great promise, especially for inherited arrhythmia syndromes with a defined genetic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M. Moore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin S. Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juwan S. Copeland
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vaidya Parthasarathy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xander H. T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Roshanravan N, Tutunchi H, Najafipour F, Dastouri M, Ghaffari S, Jebeli A. A glance at the application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology in cardiovascular diseases. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2022; 14:77-83. [PMID: 35935390 PMCID: PMC9339732 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2022.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain major causes of global mortality in the world. Genetic approaches have succeeded in discovery of the molecular basis of an increasing number of cardiac diseases. Genome editing strategies are one of the most effective methods for assisting therapeutic approaches. Potential therapeutic methods of correcting disease-causing mutations or of knocking out specific genes as approaches for the prevention of CVDs have gained substantial attention using genome editing techniques. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has become the most widely used genome-editing technology in molecular biology due to its benefits such as simple design, high efficiency, good repeatability, short-cycle, and costeffectiveness. In the present review, we discuss on the possibilities of applying the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool in the CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Najafipour
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dastouri
- Ankara University Biotechnology Institute and SISBIYOTEK Advanced Research Unit, Gumusdere Yerleskesi, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Jebeli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gupta A, Singh V, Mani I. Dysbiosis of human microbiome and infectious diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:33-51. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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