1
|
Tan J, Jones MLM, Teague WJ, Ranjitkar S, Anderson PJ. Craniofacial anomalies in a murine model of heterozygous fibroblast growth factor 10 gene mutation. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:84-94. [PMID: 37452556 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10), a member of the family of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) proteins, has been implicated in craniofacial and dental anomalies, including craniosynostosis, cleft palate, and Lacrimo-Auriculo-Dento-Digital Syndrome. The aim of this murine study was to assess the craniofacial and dental phenotypes associated with a heterozygous FGF10 gene (FGF10+/- ) mutation at skeletal maturity. METHODS Skulls of 40 skeletally mature mice, comprising two genotypes (heterozygous FGF10+/- mutation, n = 22; wildtype, n = 18) and two sexes (male, n = 23; female, n = 17), were subjected to micro-computed tomography. Landmark-based linear dimensions were measured for the cranial vault, maxilla, mandible, and first molar teeth. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to assess whether there were significant differences in the craniofacial and dental structures between genotypes and sexes. RESULTS The craniomaxillary skeleton and the first molar teeth were smaller in the FGF10+/- mice (P < .05), but the mandible was unaffected. Sex did not have a significant effect on these structures (P > .05). Cranial sutural defects were noted in 5/22 (22.7%) mutant versus 2/18 (11.1%) wildtype mice, and cleft palate in only one (4.5%) mutant mouse. None of the mice displayed craniosynostosis, expansive bony lesions, bifid condyles, or impacted teeth. CONCLUSION The FGF10+/- mutation was associated with craniomaxillary skeletal hypoplasia that probably arose from deficient (delayed) intramembranous ossification of the sutured bones. Overall, the skeletal and dental data suggest that the FGF10 gene plays an important role in the aetiology of craniofacial dysmorphology and malocclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Tan
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew L M Jones
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warwick J Teague
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarbin Ranjitkar
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cleft and Craniofacial SA, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Factors Influence the Phenotype of Tooth Number, Size and Shape: Anterior Maxillary Supernumeraries and the Morphology of Mandibular Incisors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122232. [PMID: 36553499 PMCID: PMC9777959 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that give rise to supernumeraries in the maxillary incisor region and larger dimensions of the adjacent maxillary incisors are also associated with variations in the morphology of the mandibular incisors. If so, this would contribute to understanding the distribution and interactions of factors during dental development and how these can be modelled. The sample consisted of 34 patients with supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region, matched for gender, age and White Caucasian ethnicity with 34 control subjects. The average ages of the supernumerary and control groups were 12.8 and 12.2 years, respectively. Study models of all subjects were constructed and imaged using a previously validated system. Using custom software, each of the mandibular incisor teeth were measured to obtain 17 parameters from the labial view and 17 from the occlusal view. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to summarize the measurements into a smaller set representing distinct features of the clinical crowns, followed by a comparison between the supernumerary and control groups using 2-way ANOVA. Seven factors of tooth size of the mandibular central incisors and six factors of the mandibular lateral incisors were identified as major features of the clinical crowns. All parameters of both mandibular incisors were greater in the supernumerary group than in the control, with three of these, located in the incisal and cervical regions of the mandibular lateral incisors, being statistically significantly larger. The findings of this study indicate that the aetiological factors associated with supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region also affect tooth crown dimensions of mandibular incisors. This new evidence enhances several models of the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental components of dental development and supports a multi-model approach to increase understanding of this process and its variations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mian M, Tan J, Yong R, Williams R, Labrinidis A, Anderson PJ, Ranjitkar S. Craniofacial Phenomics: Three-Dimensional Assessment of the Size and Shape of Cranial and Dentofacial Structures. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2403:107-127. [PMID: 34913120 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1847-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial phenomics has opened up numerous opportunities to correlate genetic and epigenetic factors to craniofacial phenotypes in order to improve our understanding of growth and development in health and disease. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has played a key role in advancing craniofacial phenomics by facilitating highly sensitive and specific characterizations of craniofacial and dental morphology. Here we describe the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to image the murine craniofacial complex, followed by surface reconstruction for traditional morphometric analyses. We also describe the application of geometric morphometrics, based on Generalized Procrustes Analysis, for use in human premolars. These principles are interchangeable between various vertebrate species, and between various surface imaging techniques (including micro-CT and 3D surface scanners), offering a high level of versatility and precision for extensive phenotyping of the entire craniofacial complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Mian
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jenny Tan
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robin Yong
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ruth Williams
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Agatha Labrinidis
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarbin Ranjitkar
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nuri T, Ota M, Ueda K, Iseki S. Quantitative Morphologic Analysis of Cranial Vault in Twist1+/- Mice: Implications in Craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:28e-37e. [PMID: 34936613 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The haploinsufficiency in the TWIST1 gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor is a cause of one of the craniosynostosis syndromes, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Patients with craniosynostosis usually require operative release of affected sutures, which makes it difficult to observe the long-term consequence of suture fusion on craniofacial growth. METHODS In this study, we performed quantitative analysis of morphologic changes of the skull in Twist1 heterozygously-deleted mice (Twist1+/-) with micro-computed tomographic images. RESULTS In Twist1+/- mice, fusion of the coronal suture began before postnatal day 14 and progressed until postnatal day 56, during which morphologic changes occurred. The growth of the skull was not achieved by a constant increase in the measured distances in wild type mice; some distances in the top-basal axis were decreased during the observation period. In the Twist1+/- mouse, growth in the top-basal axis was accelerated and that of the frontal cranium was reduced. In the unicoronal suture fusion mouse, the length of the zygomatic arch of affected side was shorter in the Twist1+/- mouse. In one postnatal day 56 Twist1+/- mouse with bilateral coronal suture fusion, asymmetric zygomatic arch length was identified. CONCLUSION The authors'results suggest that measuring the length of the left and right zygomatic arches may be useful for early diagnosis of coronal suture fusion and for estimation of the timing of synostosis, and that more detailed study on the growth pattern of the normal and the synostosed skull could provide prediction of the risk of resynostosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The data from this study can be useful to better understand the cranial growth pattern in patients with craniosynostosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nuri
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masato Ota
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Koichi Ueda
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Facial Dysmorphology in Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:2660-2665. [PMID: 34727468 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Classic features of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) described in the literature include a prominent nasal bridge, eyelid ptosis, telorbitism, maxillary hypoplasia, and mandibular prognathism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objectively the bony features of SCS. METHODS Preoperative computer tomography scans of 15 SCS patients, 23 normal controls, 13 bicoronal nonsyndromic, and 7 unicoronal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients were included for analysis. Unaffected controls and nonsyndromic patients were age- and sex-matched to SCS patients. Morphometric cephalometrics were analyzed using three-dimensional computer tomography reconstructions. Mann-Whitney U were used to compare facial measurements between SCS and normal and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis controls. RESULTS Telorbitism was present in bicoronal SCS patients only (P = 0.04) but absent in the unicoronal and bicoronal/metopic cohorts. The angle of the nasal bone relative to the sella was not different between SCS and controls (P = 0.536), although the angle of the nasal bone relative to the forehead was decreased in SCS by 15.5° (P < 0.001). Saethre-Chotzen syndrome had a 2.6° maxillary retrusion relative to controls (P = 0.03). In addition, SCS patients aged 4 to 7 months had a wider (39.34 versus 35.04, P = 0.017) and anteroposteriorly foreshortened (32.12 versus 35.06, P = 0.039) maxilla. There was no difference in mandibular prognathism among SCS patients as measured by the sella-nasion-B point angle compared to controls (P = 0.705). CONCLUSIONS Despite classic descriptions, on morphometric analysis SCS patients did not demonstrate consistency across all suture subtypes in terms of telorbitism, a broad nasal bridge, or mandibular prognathism. Rather, SCS subtypes of SCS based on suture pathology more closely resemble nonsyndromic patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nikolova S, Toneva D, Agre G, Lazarov N. Influence of persistent metopic suture on sagittal suture closure. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151811. [PMID: 34384857 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metopic suture lies between the halves of the growing frontal bone and usually closes in early infancy. If the metopic suture fails to close it persists in adulthood and could be considered an anterior continuation of the sagittal suture (SS). This study aimed to investigate if the metopic suture persistence is related to any significant deviations from the normal SS maturation. We also aimed to elaborate linear regression models for age-at-death prediction of the metopic crania and to compare their accuracy with the models developed on the control ones. METHODS The SS was investigated in a total of 122 dry adult contemporary male crania of known age-at-death divided in a metopic series (n = 34) and a control one (n = 88). The crania were scanned and high-resolution volumetric images were generated using an industrial μCT system. The SS closure degree was assessed on cross-sectional tomograms using a scale of grades. Both series were compared and linear regression models for age-at-death prediction were elaborated. RESULTS The comparison between both series showed that the degree of SS closure differs significantly in all SS sections and bone layers and it is considerably lower in the metopic series. The elaborated linear regression models showed that the error in the age-at-death prediction of the metopic crania is almost two times bigger than that in the control. CONCLUSIONS The SS closure in metopic crania is significantly delayed compared to the control, which means that it is entirely unreliable and misleading as an indicator for age-at-death prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Nikolova
- Department of Anthropology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Diana Toneva
- Department of Anthropology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gennady Agre
- Department of Artificial Intelligences and Language Technologies, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evaluation of a fluorescence endoscope in murine in-vivo auto-fluorescence glioma models. Ann Anat 2021; 237:151746. [PMID: 33894337 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The value of extended and radical resection of high grade gliomas remains controversial, but the neurosurgical procedure is still vital for effective cancer treatment. Fluorescence guided surgery provides aggressive resection within the tumor margins even on microscopic levels. Aim of this study was to evaluate if a new developed fluorescence endoscope can improve intraoperative vision and tumor delineation. METHODS An autofluoresence C6 glioma cell line was established via GFP-transfection. These GFP-C6 glioma cells were transplanted both in a dorsal skinfold chamber of the mouse and orthotopically in a cranial window chamber of the mouse. After five days, tumors were examinated by intravital fluorescence microscopy, a standard fluorescence operation microscope and a fluorescence endoscope. Images were compared in terms of visualization, magnification and delineation of tumor cells from host tissue. RESULTS The fluorescence endoscope showed improved image quality and higher magnifications compared to the operation microscope. Even smallest tumor extensions were visualized by the fluorescence endoscope nearly reaching the quality of an intravital fluorescence microscope. CONCLUSIONS In summary better visualization can improve the intraoperative decision making of the surgeons. So endoscopic assistance can be seen as a promising tool for the fluorescence guided resection of high grade gliomas in the next years.
Collapse
|