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Rapoport MJ, Chee JN, Aljenabi N, Byrne PA, Naglie G, Ilari F, Elzohairy Y, Vingilis E, Mulsant BH. Impact of COVID-19 on motor vehicle injuries and fatalities in older adults in Ontario, Canada. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 157:106195. [PMID: 34020183 PMCID: PMC9745872 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults constitute the group most vulnerable to COVID-19 mortality. As a result, in North America and elsewhere, older adults have been strongly advised to shelter in place. Older adults also represent the fastest growing segment of licensed drivers. OBJECTIVE We examined the change in injuries and fatalities sustained by younger and older drivers and pedestrians during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that adults ages 80 years and over would have a proportionally larger reduction than the other drivers and pedestrians. METHODS Using a cohort design, we compared the proportion of drivers and pedestrians involved in injuries and fatalities attributable to individuals aged 80 years and over, as recorded in the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (Canada) database, between the 30 days prior to shelter-in-place related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent 30 days. By way of comparison, we conducted a similar comparison for younger age cohorts (16-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-54 years, 55-64 years, and 65-79 years). RESULTS Drivers aged 80 years and over represented 21 per 1000 injuries and fatalities in the 30 days prior to March 17, 2020 (95 % CI: 15-29), and 8 per 1000 injuries and fatalities in the 30 days beginning on that date (95 % CI: 2-20), a 64.7 % reduction (exp (β) post 0.353, 95 % CI 0.105-0.892). Drivers in the 35-54 year age range underwent a significant but smaller reduction of 22.9 %; no significant changes were seen for drivers in other age groups, or for pedestrians of any age. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The physical distancing measures that aimed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 resulted in a marked reduction in driver injuries and fatalities in the oldest old, illustrating the impact of physical distancing recommendations in this population. The excess mortality burden faced by the oldest adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, by direct exposure to the virus, may be indirectly mitigated by the reduction in road-related deaths in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Rapoport
- Department of Psychiatry, Termerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Staff Psychiatrist, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Gary Naglie
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine and Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Evelyn Vingilis
- Population and Community Health Unit, Canada; Departments of Family Medicine, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Cimino S, Marzilli E, Erriu M, Carbone P, Casini E, Cerniglia L. Motor Vehicle Collisions during Adolescence: The Role of Alexithymic Traits and Defense Strategies. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11060079. [PMID: 34063788 PMCID: PMC8223781 DOI: 10.3390/bs11060079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
International literature has shown that adolescents represent the population most at risk of fatal and nonfatal motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Adolescents’ alexithymic traits and significant use of immature defense strategies have been seen to play a key role. This study aimed to investigate the possible mediation role played by defense strategies use in the relationship between alexithymia and MVCs. Our sample consisted of 297 adolescents divided into four subgroups, based on the number of visits to the emergency department due to an MVC. We assessed adolescents’ alexithymic traits and defense strategies use through self-report instruments. Results showed that males reported a higher rate of MVCs than females. Higher rates of MVCs are associated with more alexithymic traits and maladaptive defense strategies use. Adolescents’ Acting Out and Omnipotence use significantly mediated the relationship between alexithymia and MVCs. Our findings suggest the recidivism of MVCs as an attempt to cope with emotional difficulties, with important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleonora Marzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Michela Erriu
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Paola Carbone
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisa Casini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-066-920-761
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Vingilis E, Pederson LL, Seeley J, Ialomiteanu AR, Wickens CM, Ferrence R, Mann RE. Is there a link between motor vehicle collisions and being a cigarette smoker in Canada? Analysis of survey data from Ontario from 2002 to 2014. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2018; 19:364-370. [PMID: 29265880 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1419342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although most research on drugs and driving has focused on the use of alcohol and cannabis, research that has been conducted on cigarette smoking and collisions has found that smokers have an increased collision involvement. Studies dating from 1967 through 2013 have shown a crude relative risk of about 1.5 among smokers compared to nonsmokers. In Canada, the association between smoking and collisions has not been recently investigated. Studies that have examined the association between smoking and collisions often did not control for all confounding factors, such as alcohol use and driving exposure, which have been associated with increased collision rates. Additionally, a number of these studies were examined in countries and at times when prevalence of smoking was much higher than is currently the case in Canada. The purpose of this research is to examine the association between self-reported current smoking and past-year collision involvement, controlling for confounding factors, in a large representative sample of adult drivers in Ontario, Canada, from 2002 and 2014. METHOD Data are based on the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Monitor, an ongoing, rolling telephone survey of Ontario adults that provides epidemiological surveillance of indicators related to alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use, as well as physical and mental health. The survey uses random-digit-dialing methods via Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview, with response rates over 50%. RESULTS Prevalence of self-reported collision involvement within the past year for 2002-2014 was 8.6% among those who currently smoke compared to 6.5% of nonsmokers. Logistic regression analysis, controlling for the potential confounding effects of sociodemographics, driving exposure measures, drinking frequency, and hazardous alcohol use, found that the overall odds for collision involvement in the preceding year among current smokers for 2002-2014 was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.53) times that of nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that despite a substantial reduction in overall prevalence of smoking in Canada, smokers still have a significantly increased odds of collision involvement, even when controlling for alcohol and exposure. Additionally, the results are consistent with the increased odds/risks of motor vehicle collisions found in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Vingilis
- a Department of Family Medicine , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Linda L Pederson
- a Department of Family Medicine , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jane Seeley
- a Department of Family Medicine , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Anca R Ialomiteanu
- b Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Christine M Wickens
- b Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Roberta Ferrence
- c Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Robert E Mann
- b Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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Hayashi Y, Foreman AM, Friedel JE, Wirth O. Executive function and dangerous driving behaviors in young drivers. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART F, TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 2018; 52:51-61. [PMID: 31024220 PMCID: PMC6477690 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the behavioral and cognitive processes underlying dangerous driving behaviors. We used a survey to assess levels of executive function in college students. The sample consisted of 59 males and 77 females and their age ranged from 18 to 24. We stratified the students into two groups based on executive function scores and compared the extent to which each group engaged in four dangerous driving behaviors (texting while driving, driving without a seat belt, driving while intoxicated, and speeding) as well as how often they experienced three negative driving outcomes (crashes, pulled over, and ticketed). We also investigated how these driving behaviors and outcomes are correlated with subcategories of executive function. The results show that students with a low level of executive function were more likely to engage in dangerous driving behaviors and more likely to experience negative driving outcomes. The results also show that texting while driving, driving while intoxicated, and speeding were most strongly correlated with the executive function subcategory of Impulse Control, whereas driving without a seat belt was most strongly correlated with the executive function subcategory of Strategic Planning. These results suggest that different behavioral or cognitive processes are involved in different dangerous driving behaviors and different interventions may be needed to target each underlying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hayashi
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA
| | - Anne M. Foreman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Friedel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Oliver Wirth
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Rothman L, Cloutier MS, Macpherson AK, Richmond SA, Howard AW. Spatial distribution of pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions before and after pedestrian countdown signal installation in Toronto, Canada. Inj Prev 2017; 25:110-115. [PMID: 28988199 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedestrian countdown signals (PCS) have been installed in many cities over the last 15 years. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of PCS on pedestrian motor vehicle collisions (PMVC). This exploratory study compared the spatial patterns of collisions pre and post PCS installation at PCS intersections and intersections or roadways without PCS in Toronto, and examined differences by age. METHODS PCS were installed at the majority of Toronto intersections from 2007 to 2009. Spatial patterns were compared between 4 years of police-reported PMVC prior to PCS installation to 4 years post installation at 1864 intersections. The spatial distribution of PMVC was estimated using kernel density estimates and simple point patterns examined changes in spatial patterns overall and stratified by age. Areas of higher or lower point density pre to post installation were identified. RESULTS There were 14 911 PMVC included in the analysis. There was an overall reduction in PMVC post PCS installation at both PCS locations and non-PCS locations, with a greater reduction at non-PCS locations (22% vs 1%). There was an increase in PMVC involving adults (5%) and older adults (9%) at PCS locations after installation, with increased adult PMVC concentrated downtown, and older adult increases occurring throughout the city following no spatial pattern. There was a reduction in children's PMVC at both PCS and non-PCS locations, with greater reductions at non-PCS locations (35% vs 48%). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the effects of PCS on PMVC may vary by age and location, illustrating the usefulness of exploratory spatial data analysis approaches in road safety. The age and location effects need to be understood in order to consistently improve pedestrian mobility and safety using PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Rothman
- Child Health Evaluative Science, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health-School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Norman Bethune College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Soleil Cloutier
- Centre Urbanisation Culture Société, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alison K Macpherson
- Faculty of Health-School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Norman Bethune College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah A Richmond
- Faculty of Health-School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Norman Bethune College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew William Howard
- Child Health Evaluative Science, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are one of the leading causes of injury and death for adolescents. Driving is a complex activity that is highly reliant on executive function (EF) to safely navigate through the environment. Little research has examined the efficacy of using self-reported EF measures for assessing adolescent driving risk. This study examined the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire and performance-based EF tasks as potential predictors of problematic driving outcomes in adolescents. METHODS Forty-six adolescent drivers completed the (1) BRIEF, (2) Trail Making Test, (3) Backwards Digit Span, and (4) self-report on 3 problematic driving outcomes: the number of times of having been pulled over by a police officer, the number of tickets issued, and the number of MVCs. RESULTS Greater self-reported difficulty with planning and organization was associated with greater odds of having a MVC, whereas inhibition difficulties were associated with greater odds of receiving a ticket. Greater self-reported difficulty across multiple BRIEF subscales was associated with greater odds of being pulled over. CONCLUSION Overall findings indicated that the BRIEF, an ecological measure of EF, showed significant association with self-reported problematic driving outcomes in adolescents. No relationship was found between performance-based EF measures and self-reported driving outcomes. The BRIEF could offer unique and quick insight into problematic driving behavior and potentially be an indicator of driving risk in adolescent drivers during clinical evaluations.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To confirm that subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) who avoid driving in high-risk situations are less likely to be involved in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) than those who do not. METHODS This study evaluated 252 consecutive Japanese aged between 40 and 85 years with POAG. All participants were requested to answer a questionnaire on their driving habits, including self-restriction in driving at night, in rain, in fog, on freeways, and lane changing, and history of MVCs. Those who reported restricting their driving in one or more ways constituted the self-restriction group, and those who reported no self-restriction made up the no-restriction group. The prevalence of MVCs and the crash rate (number of MVCs/10,000 km driven) were compared between the two groups. The association between prevalence of MVCs and the number of driving self-restrictions was also evaluated. RESULTS The association between driving self-restriction and MVCs was observed among the male subjects, not among the female subjects. Among the male subjects, the prevalence of MVCs was significantly higher in the no-restriction group than in the self-restriction group (no-restriction group, 33/107 = 30.8%; self-restriction group, 9/66 = 13.6%, p = 0.01). The crash rate was also significantly higher in the no-restriction group (no-restriction group, 1.4 ± 0.8; self-restriction group, 0.4 ± 0.3, average ± SE, p = 0.01). No restriction was significantly associated with MVCs (multivariable-adjusted odds ratios, 2.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 5.73]). The number of driving self-restrictions was also associated with MVCs (multivariable-adjusted odds ratios, 0.41 [95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.99], per one increment of self-restriction). CONCLUSIONS Driving self-restriction may be associated with a reduced prevalence of MVCs in men with POAG.
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Bolwell CF, Rosanowski SM, Scott I, Sells PD, Rogers CW. Questionnaire study on parasite control practices on Thoroughbred and Standardbred breeding farms in New Zealand. Vet Parasitol 2015; 209:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vingilis E, Mann RE, Erickson P, Toplak M, Kolla NJ, Seeley J, Jain U. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, other mental health problems, substance use, and driving: examination of a population-based, representative canadian sample. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2014; 15 Suppl 1:S1-S9. [PMID: 25307372 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.926341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among self-reported screening measures of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), other psychiatric problems, and driving-related outcomes in a provincially representative sample of adults 18 years and older living in the province of Ontario, Canada. METHODS The study examined the results of the Centre for Addictions and Mental Health (CAMH) Ontario Monitor, an ongoing repeated cross-sectional telephone survey of Ontario adults over a 2-year period. Measures included ADHD measures (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 [ASRS-V1.1], previous ADHD diagnosis, ADHD medication use); psychiatric distress measures (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ12], use of pain, anxiety, and depression medication); antisocial behavior measure (The Antisocial Personality Disorder Scale from the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview [APD]); substance use and abuse measures (alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), driving-related outcomes (driving after drinking, driving after cannabis use, street racing, collisions in past year), and sociodemographics (gender, age, vehicle-kilometers traveled). RESULTS A total of 4,014 Ontario residents were sampled, of which 3,485 reported having a valid driver's license. Overall, 3.22% screened positive for ADHD symptoms on the ASRS-V1.1 screening tool. A greater percentage of those who screened positive were younger, reported previous ADHD diagnosis and medication use, distress, antisocial behavior, anti-anxiety and antidepressant medication use, substance use, and social problems compared to those who screened negative. However, there were no statistically significant differences between those who screened positive or negative for ADHD symptoms on self-reported driving after having 2 or more drinks in the previous hour; within an hour of using cannabis, marijuana, or hash; or in a street race or collision involvement as a driver in the past year. When a sequential regression was conducted to predict self-reported collisions, younger age and higher weekly kilometers driven showed higher odds of collision involvement, and the odds ratio for cannabis use ever approached statistical significance. DISCUSSION This study is the first population-based study of a representative sample of adults 18 years and older living in Ontario, Canada. These results showed no relationship between the ADHD screen and collision when age, sex, and kilometers driven are controlled for. However, these analyses are based on self-report screeners and not psychiatric diagnoses and a limited sample of ADHD respondents. Thus, these results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Vingilis
- a Population and Community Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine Department of Family Medicine , University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
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Vingilis E, Wilk P. Medical conditions, medication use, and their relationship with subsequent motor vehicle injuries: examination of the Canadian National Population Health Survey. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2012; 13:327-336. [PMID: 22607256 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2012.654411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of various medical conditions and medications on subsequent motor vehicle injuries (MVIs). METHOD The National Population Health Survey, a large, nationally representative, longitudinal study of Canadians, included self-reported medical conditions of asthma, arthritis/rheumatism, back problems excluding arthritis, high blood pressure, migraine headaches, diabetes, heart disease and distress, and medication use during the past month for asthma, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart, codeine/pethidine (Demerol)/morphine, other pain relievers, antidepressants, tranquilizers, and sleeping medication. Path analyses were used to examine the odds of subsequent MVI for different medical conditions and medication use reported prior to the MVI (in the previous wave of the survey) while controlling for age and sex. RESULTS Increased odds of subsequent MVIs were found for asthma (odds ratio [OR]: 1.864, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.281, 2.713), arthritis/rheumatism (OR: 1.659, 95% CI: 1.163, 2.365), back problems (OR: 2.169, 95% CI: 1.624, 2.895), and migraines (OR: 1.631, 95% CI: 1.125, 2.364) but not for high blood pressure (OR: 1.435, 95% CI: 0.944, 2.181), diabetes (OR: 1.479, 95% CI: 0.743, 2.944), heart disease (OR: 2.627, 95% CI: 0.941, 7.334) or distress (OR: 1.153, 95% CI: 0.840, 1.581). Except for migraine with codeine/pethidine/morphine, this effect persisted regardless of whether medication was used to treat the condition. Respondents who reported using certain medications, namely, codeine/pethidine/morphine (OR: 2.215, 95% CI: 1.274, 3.850), other pain medication (OR: 1.630, 95% CI: 1.242, 2.139), antidepressants (OR: 2.664. 95% CI: 1.602, 4.429), and sleeping medication (OR: 2.059, 95% CI: 1.161, 3.651), had increased odds of subsequent MVI, independent of related medical condition, whereas tranquillizers showed no increased odds of subsequent MVIs. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the relationship between medical conditions, medications, and MVIs is complex but consistent with other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Vingilis
- Population and Community Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Nolet PS, Côté P, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ. The Association Between a Lifetime History of a Work-Related Neck Injury and Future Neck Pain: A Population Based Cohort Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2011; 34:348-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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The association between a lifetime history of a neck injury in a motor vehicle collision and future neck pain: a population-based cohort study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2010; 19:972-81. [PMID: 20213298 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this population-based cohort study was to investigate the association between a lifetime history of neck injury from a motor vehicle collision and the development of troublesome neck pain. The current evidence suggests that individuals with a history of neck injury in a traffic collision are more likely to experience future neck pain. However, these results may suffer from residual confounding. Therefore, there is a need to test this association in a large population-based cohort with adequate control of known confounders. We formed a cohort of 919 randomly sampled Saskatchewan adults with no or mild neck pain in September 1995. At baseline, participants were asked if they ever injured their neck in a motor vehicle collision. Six and twelve months later, we asked about the presence of troublesome neck pain (grade II-IV) on the chronic pain grade questionnaire. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate the association between a lifetime history of neck injury in a motor vehicle collision and the onset of troublesome neck pain while controlling for known confounders. The follow-up rate was 73.5% (676/919) at 6 months and 63.1% (580/919) at 1 year. We found a positive association between a history of neck injury in a motor vehicle collision and the onset of troublesome neck pain after controlling for bodily pain and body mass index (adjusted HRR = 2.14; 95% CI 1.12-4.10). Our analysis suggests that a history of neck injury in a motor vehicle collision is a risk factor for developing future troublesome neck pain. The consequences of a neck injury in a motor vehicle collision can have long lasting effects and predispose individuals to experience recurrent episodes of neck pain.
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Vingilis E, Wilk P. The effects of health status, distress, alcohol and medicinal drug use on subsequent motor vehicle injuries. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2008; 40:1901-1907. [PMID: 19068292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of health factors and substance use on subsequent motor vehicle collision (MVC) injuries of three different age groups, using the longitudinal dataset from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) for the years 1994-2002. METHODS Path analysis technique was used to determine the relations between MVC injury and four risk factors: binge drinking; health status; distress; and medication use. The three demographic variables, age at 'baseline', sex, and immigration status were added into the model as control variables. Three age groups were examined: young=12-29.9; middle-aged=30-59.9 and old=60-85 years of age. The total sample size was 16,093. RESULTS A lower percentage of males, older persons, immigrants, and non-binge drinkers reported a subsequent MVC injury, as did respondents reporting better health and lower distress scores. Medication use was associated with higher subsequent MVC injuries. Path analysis found that among younger individuals, the variable binge drinking, was the only significant risk factor associated with subsequent injuries. In contrast, among middle-aged individuals, the variable medication use, was the only statistically significant risk factor for subsequent injuries. No variables were significant risk factors of injuries for older individuals. CONCLUSIONS Various demographic and risk factors were found to influence injuries among a nationally representative sample of Canadians. Reported binge drinking among young individuals and medication use among middle-aged individuals were found to be risk factors for subsequent MVC injury. These findings support the need for continued focus on alcohol, drugs and traffic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Vingilis
- Population and Community Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1.
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