1
|
Rhodes LJ, Borghetti L, Morris MB. Multiscale entropy in a 10-minute vigilance task. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 198:112323. [PMID: 38428744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Research has shown multiscale entropy, brain signal behavior across time scales, to reliably increase at lower time scales with time-on-task fatigue. However, multiscale entropy has not been examined in short vigilance tasks (i.e., ≤ 10 min). Addressing this gap, we examine multiscale entropy during a 10-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Thirty-four participants provided neural data while completing the PVT. We compared the first 2 min of the task to the 7th and 8th minutes to avoid end-spurt effects. Results suggested increased multiscale entropy at lower time scales later compared to earlier in the task, suggesting multiscale entropy is a strong marker of time-on-task fatigue onset during short vigils. Separate analyses for Fast and Slow performers reveal differential entropy patterns, particularly over visual cortices. Here, observed brain-behavior linkage between entropy and reaction time for slow performers suggests that entropy assays over sensory cortices might have predictive value for fatigue onset or shifts from on- to off-task states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jack Rhodes
- Ball Aerospace at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, United States of America.
| | - Lorraine Borghetti
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, United States of America
| | - Megan B Morris
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palmero LB, Tortajada M, Martínez-Pérez V, Sandoval-Lentisco A, Campoy G, Fuentes LJ. Circadian modulation of the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:378-392. [PMID: 38317372 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2312806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
We investigated whether chronotype and time-of-day modulate the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Participants performed a category semantic priming task at either the optimal or non-optimal time of day. We varied the prime-target onset asynchrony (100-, 450-, 650-, and 850-ms SOAs) and kept the percentage of unrelated targets constant at 80%. Automatic processing was expected with the short SOA, and controlled processing with longer SOAs. Intermediate-types (Experiment 1) verified that our task was sensitive to capturing both types of processes and served as a reference to assess themin extreme chronotypes. Morning-type and evening-type participants (Experiment 2) differed in the influence of time of testing on priming effects. Morning-types applied control in all conditions, and no performance modulation by time-of-day was observed. In contrast, evening-types were most adversely affected by the time of day to shift from automatic-based to controlled-based responses. Also, they were considerably affected in successfully implementing controlled processing with long intervals, particularly at the non-optimal time of day, with inhibitory priming showing only a marginally significant effect at the longest SOA. These results suggest that extreme chronotypes may be associated with different styles of cognitive control. Morning-types would be driven by a proactive control style, whereas a reactive control style might be applied by evening-types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía B Palmero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Tortajada
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Campoy
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luna FG, Aguirre MJ, Martín-Arévalo E, Ibáñez A, Lupiáñez J, Barttfeld P. Event-related potentials associated with attentional networks evidence changes in executive and arousal vigilance. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14272. [PMID: 36812133 PMCID: PMC11177283 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Attention is regulated by three independent but interacting networks, that is, alerting, comprising phasic alertness and vigilance, orienting, and executive control. Previous studies analyzing event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with attentional networks have focused on phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control, without an independent measure of vigilance. ERPs associated with vigilance have been instead measured in separate studies and via different tasks. The present study aimed to differentiate ERPs associated with attentional networks by simultaneously measuring vigilance along with phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control. Forty participants (34 women, age: M = 25.96; SD = 4.96) completed two sessions wherein the electroencephalogram was recorded while they completed the Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance-executive and arousal components, a task that measures phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control along with executive (i.e., detection of infrequent critical signals) and arousal (i.e., sustaining a fast reaction to environmental stimuli) vigilance. ERPs previously associated with attentional networks were replicated here: (a) N1, P2, and contingent negative variation for phasic alertness; (b) P1, N1, and P3 for orienting; and (c) N2 and slow positivity for executive control. Importantly, different ERPs were associated with vigilance: while the executive vigilance decrement was associated with an increase in P3 and slow positivity across time-on-task, arousal vigilance loss was associated with reduced N1 and P2 amplitude. The present study shows that attentional networks can be described by different ERPs simultaneously observed in a single session, including independent measures of executive and arousal vigilance on its assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gabriel Luna
- Cognitive Science Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi, CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Julieta Aguirre
- Cognitive Science Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi, CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elisa Martín-Arévalo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), US and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juan Lupiáñez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Barttfeld
- Cognitive Science Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi, CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sciaraffa N, Di Flumeri G, Germano D, Giorgi A, Di Florio A, Borghini G, Vozzi A, Ronca V, Babiloni F, Aricò P. Evaluation of a New Lightweight EEG Technology for Translational Applications of Passive Brain-Computer Interfaces. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:901387. [PMID: 35911603 PMCID: PMC9331459 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.901387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies like passive brain-computer interfaces (BCI) can enhance human-machine interaction. Anyhow, there are still shortcomings in terms of easiness of use, reliability, and generalizability that prevent passive-BCI from entering real-life situations. The current work aimed to technologically and methodologically design a new gel-free passive-BCI system for out-of-the-lab employment. The choice of the water-based electrodes and the design of a new lightweight headset met the need for easy-to-wear, comfortable, and highly acceptable technology. The proposed system showed high reliability in both laboratory and realistic settings, performing not significantly different from the gold standard based on gel electrodes. In both cases, the proposed system allowed effective discrimination (AUC > 0.9) between low and high levels of workload, vigilance, and stress even for high temporal resolution (<10 s). Finally, the generalizability of the proposed system has been tested through a cross-task calibration. The system calibrated with the data recorded during the laboratory tasks was able to discriminate the targeted human factors during the realistic task reaching AUC values higher than 0.8 at 40 s of temporal resolution in case of vigilance and workload, and 20 s of temporal resolution for the stress monitoring. These results pave the way for ecologic use of the system, where calibration data of the realistic task are difficult to obtain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Di Flumeri
- BrainSigns Srl, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Giorgi
- BrainSigns Srl, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Borghini
- BrainSigns Srl, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Vozzi
- BrainSigns Srl, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ronca
- BrainSigns Srl, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- BrainSigns Srl, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pietro Aricò
- BrainSigns Srl, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Irvine D, Jobson SA, Wilson JP. Evaluating Changes in Mental Workload in Indoor and Outdoor Ultra-Distance Cycling. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:67. [PMID: 35622476 PMCID: PMC9146483 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst increasing mental workload has been shown to have a detrimental effect on cycling performance and more generally to increase the risk of harm, no studies have measured how mental workload changes as a function of ultra-distance cycling, indoors or outdoors. Our objective was to measure the difference in mental workload, as indicated by changes in EEG theta power, components of HRV and psychomotor vigilance and as reported using the 'NASA Task Load Index questionnaire', before and after a 5 h indoor ride and outdoor ride completed at 65% of functional threshold power. Results of the NASA-TLX indicated the mental demand of outdoor cycling to be significantly less than that of indoor cycling. There were significant differences in the PVT results between the pre and the post outdoor ride average and median response times. The slowest 10% PVT responses were significantly slower pre than post the indoor ride. There were significant differences in HRV between pre and post outdoor and indoor rides, specifically, in the average RR intervals, RMSSD (ms2), LFPower (ms2), NN50. There were modest changes in indicators of mental workload during an ultra-distance cycle ride. As such, mental workload during ultra-distance cycling is unlikely to be a contributory factor to decreases in performance or to an increased likelihood of accident and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Irvine
- Epiphanies LLP, Hopyard Farm, Glanbaiden, Govilon, Abergavenny NP7 9SE, UK
| | - Simon A. Jobson
- Faculty of Health & Wellbeing, University of Winchester, Sparkford Road, Winchester SO22 4NR, UK;
| | - John P. Wilson
- Management School, The University of Sheffield, Conduit Road, Sheffield S10 1FL, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karimi-Rouzbahani H, Woolgar A, Rich AN. Neural signatures of vigilance decrements predict behavioural errors before they occur. eLife 2021; 10:e60563. [PMID: 33830017 PMCID: PMC8060034 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many monitoring environments, such as railway control, in which lapses of attention can have tragic consequences. Problematically, sustained monitoring for rare targets is difficult, with more misses and longer reaction times over time. What changes in the brain underpin these 'vigilance decrements'? We designed a multiple-object monitoring (MOM) paradigm to examine how the neural representation of information varied with target frequency and time performing the task. Behavioural performance decreased over time for the rare target (monitoring) condition, but not for a frequent target (active) condition. This was mirrored in neural decoding using magnetoencephalography: coding of critical information declined more during monitoring versus active conditions along the experiment. We developed new analyses that can predict behavioural errors from the neural data more than a second before they occurred. This facilitates pre-empting behavioural errors due to lapses in attention and provides new insight into the neural correlates of vigilance decrements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Karimi-Rouzbahani
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - Alexandra Woolgar
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - Anina N Rich
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martínez-Pérez V, Palmero LB, Campoy G, Fuentes LJ. The role of chronotype in the interaction between the alerting and the executive control networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11901. [PMID: 32681046 PMCID: PMC7368012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronotype refers to the time of day preferred by individuals to perform daily activities according to their circadian rhythm. We asked whether synchrony effects, that is, the difference in performance between the optimal and non-optimal time of day as a function of chronotype, are observed in two tasks that differently involve the endogenous component of the alerting network, the psychomotor visual task (PVT) and the flanker task. From an initial sample of 132 students that filled in the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), 18 were classified as Morning-types and 16 as Evening-types. Evening-types showed synchrony effects in both tasks, whereas Morning-types failed to show synchrony effects in the flanker task and when the PVT was first performed at the non-optimal time of day. Thus, Morning-types might have seen increased their vigilant attention at their non-optimal time of day due to the cognitive demands of the flanker task and to the novelty with the PVT. Phasic alerting generated by alerting tones increased conflict score in the flanker task, but time of day did not modulate the congruence effect. Chronotype determines vigilant attention more decisively in Evening-types than in Morning-types individuals. Also, exogenous but not endogenous alerting exerts a deleterious effect on conflict resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martínez-Pérez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía B Palmero
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Campoy
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin CY, Borst JP, van Vugt MK. Distinguishing vigilance decrement and low task demands from mind-wandering: A machine learning analysis of EEG. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4147-4164. [PMID: 32538509 PMCID: PMC7689771 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mind‐wandering is a ubiquitous mental phenomenon that is defined as self‐generated thought irrelevant to the ongoing task. Mind‐wandering tends to occur when people are in a low‐vigilance state or when they are performing a very easy task. In the current study, we investigated whether mind‐wandering is completely dependent on vigilance and current task demands, or whether it is an independent phenomenon. To this end, we trained support vector machine (SVM) classifiers on EEG data in conditions of low and high vigilance, as well as under conditions of low and high task demands, and subsequently tested those classifiers on participants' self‐reported mind‐wandering. Participants' momentary mental state was measured by means of intermittent thought probes in which they reported on their current mental state. The results showed that neither the vigilance classifier nor the task demands classifier could predict mind‐wandering above‐chance level, while a classifier trained on self‐reports of mind‐wandering was able to do so. This suggests that mind‐wandering is a mental state different from low vigilance or performing tasks with low demands—both which could be discriminated from the EEG above chance. Furthermore, we used dipole fitting to source‐localize the neural correlates of the most import features in each of the three classifiers, indeed finding a few distinct neural structures between the three phenomena. Our study demonstrates the value of machine‐learning classifiers in unveiling patterns in neural data and uncovering the associated neural structures by combining it with an EEG source analysis technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Yi Jin
- Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer P Borst
- Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke K van Vugt
- Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barba A, Padilla F, Luque-Casado A, Sanabria D, Correa Á. The Role of Exercise-Induced Arousal and Exposure to Blue-Enriched Lighting on Vigilance. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:499. [PMID: 30618680 PMCID: PMC6295642 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently assumed that exposure to an artificial blue-enriched light enhances human alertness and task performance, but recent research has suggested that behavioral effects are influenced by the basal state of arousal. Here, we tested whether the effect of blue-enriched lighting on vigilance performance depends on participants’ arousal level. Twenty-four participants completed four sessions (blue-enriched vs. dim light × low vs. high arousal) at 10 pm on four consecutive days, following a repeated-measures design. Participants’ arousal was manipulated parametrically through the execution of a cycling task at two intensities (low vs. moderate), and was checked by monitoring their heart rate. On each session, distal and proximal skin temperatures were recorded as a neuroergonomic index of vigilance, while participants performed a 20-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) under either blue-enriched light or dim light conditions. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE) were used to measure subjective psychological state. The results showed that the exercise-induced manipulation of arousal produced robust alerting effects in most measures, while the lighting manipulation only attenuated subjective sleepiness and enhanced positive affect, but it did not influence behavior or physiology. Acute exposure to a blue-enriched light was practically ineffective when the arousal level was over baseline. The present research favored the use of acute physical exercise over acute exposure to blue-enriched lighting in order to boost humans’ alertness when necessary, as in work settings where maintaining optimal levels of attention is difficult (shift work, night-work, vigilance tasks) and necessary to prevent human error and accidents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barba
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Padilla
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Luque-Casado
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Centro de Estudios del Deporte, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanabria
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Correa
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|