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Endriulaitienė A, Šeibokaitė L, Markšaitytė R, Slavinskienė J, Morkevičiūtė M. Hazard perception training effectiveness on experienced drivers: decay of improvement in the follow-up. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2023; 30:493-500. [PMID: 37248988 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2214895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A variety of road hazard perception training programmes have been proposed recently, based on the assumption that these skills contribute to lower crash rates across different countries. However, the long-term effectiveness of suggested programmes has been under-investigated. The main objective of this study is to explore the long-term effectiveness of online hazard perception training for experienced drivers and examine the moderating role of driving self-efficacy. Fifty-six experienced drivers (21 males and 35 females) were assigned to the experimental (n = 31) or the control (n = 25) group. The experimental group received two 45 min session interventions; the control group received no intervention. The effectiveness of the programme was tested by the change in scores of Lithuanian hazard prediction test (HPT) LHP12 that was conducted before training (pre-test), immediately after training (post-test) and six months after training (follow-up). The twelve-item Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale (ADSES; George et al., 2007) was used to measure self-reported driving self-efficacy at the pre-test. The results revealed a significant increase in hazard prediction scores immediately after training, but the short-term effect of training decayed at follow-up. Experienced drivers with higher self-efficacy developed better hazard prediction skills during training. The results confirmed short-term effectiveness of the programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Šeibokaitė
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Markšaitytė
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Application of Logistic Regression Model to Assess the Impact of Smartwatch on Improving Road Traffic Safety: A Driving Simulator Study. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Speeding is one of the most relevant risk behaviours for serious and fatal road traffic accidents, particularly among young drivers, being the cause of approximately every third road traffic accident. Due to this background, many road traffic safety campaigns are aimed at reducing speeding among young drivers. However, the effects of campaigns aimed at complying with speed limits for young drivers have significantly fewer effects than other campaigns. For these reasons, an experimental study was conducted to examine how young drivers react to the speeding campaign, which was shown to them on a smartwatch while driving in a driving simulator. Speeding results were compared for three scenarios: no campaign, a billboard campaign and a smartwatch campaign. The experiment involved 102 participants with an average age of 21 years. The results showed that participants were six times more likely to comply with the speed limit if a campaign was shown on a smartwatch than when shown on billboards.
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The Static and Dynamic Analyses of Drivers’ Gaze Movement Using VR Driving Simulator. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Drivers collect information of road and traffic conditions through a visual search while driving to avoid any potential hazards they perceive. Novice drivers with lack of driving experience may be involved in a car accident as they misjudge the information obtained by insufficient visual search with a narrower field of vision than experienced drivers do. In this regard, the current study compared and identified the gap between novice and experienced drivers in regard to the information they obtained in a visual search of gaze movement and visual attention. A combination of a static analysis, based on the dwell time, fixation duration, the number of fixations and stationary gaze entropy in visual search, and a dynamic analysis using gaze transition entropy was applied. The static analysis on gaze indicated that the group of novice drivers showed a longer dwell time on the traffic lights, pedestrians, and passing vehicles, and a longer fixation duration on the navigation system and the dashboard than the experienced ones. Also, the novice had their eyes fixed on the area of interests straight ahead more frequently while driving at an intersection. In addition, the novice group demonstrated less information at 2.60 bits out of the maximum stationary gaze entropy of 3.32 bits that a driver can exhibit, which indicated that their gaze fixations were concentrated. Meanwhile, the experienced group displayed approx. 3.09 bits, showing that their gaze was not narrowed on a certain area of interests, but was relatively evenly distributed. The dynamic analysis results showed that the novice group conducted the most gaze transitions between traffic lights, pedestrians and passing vehicles, whereas experienced drivers displayed the most transitions between the right- and left-side mirrors, passing vehicles, pedestrians, and traffic lights to find more out about the surrounding traffic conditions. In addition, the experienced group (3.04 bits) showed a higher gaze transition entropy than the novice group (2.21 bits). This indicated that a larger entropy was required to understand the visual search data because visual search strategies changed depending on the situations.
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Havaei N, Lotfalinezhad E, Nadrian H, Papi S, Goljarian S, Ahmadi A, Nazaripanah N, Mohammadi M, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Badeleh MT, Bhalla D. Evaluation of a Persian version of the Adelaide driving self-efficacy scale among Iranian older adults. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2021; 22:611-615. [PMID: 34582299 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1965998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim in the present study was to estimate the psychometric properties of the full-length Adelaide driving self-efficacy scale (ADSES) for use among community-based resident older adults in Tehran, Iran. METHODS We recruited older adults (60+ years) from various sampling units nested in the Tehran district's general urban population (20 subjects/questionnaire-item). The questionnaire was translated and back-translated by using recommended pathways. Multiple forms of validity and reliability, including Cronbach alpha, were estimated. Also, we measured intra-class correlation coefficient, and did confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS A total of 243 participants (mean age: 65.8, 95%CI 65.4-66.3) met our inclusion criteria. For ADSES, the alpha coefficient was 0.77, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98), and the average item-test correlation was 0.67. Upon CFA, we found a 0.95 comparative fit index, a coefficient of determination = 92.6%, and standardized size of the residual = 0.04. CONCLUSION Our Persian language ADSES was found to have adequate validity and factor structure parameters for evaluating driving self-efficacy among community-based older adults in a non-western context. Our questionnaire is an essential first step toward evaluating driving self-efficacy among older adults, especially where no such tool is available, to help develop driving self-efficacy as a healthy aging measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Havaei
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Lotfalinezhad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haidar Nadrian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahab Papi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sakineh Goljarian
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Nazaripanah
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Center for the Development of Interdisciplinary Research in Islamic Science and Health Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Devender Bhalla
- Pôle Universitaire euclide Intergovernmental UN Treaty, Bangui, Central African Republic
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Parents’ Views of a Classroom and Closed-Road Post-License Driving Program for Teen Drivers, Guard Your Life. SAFETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/safety6040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the US, teenage drivers have an increased risk of being involved in crashes. To address this, post-license advanced driving programs have emerged. This study gains parents’ perspectives while observing their teens’ involvement in a post-license driving program focused on a hands-on introduction to emergency braking, skid recovery and the dangers of distracted driving. Parents completed a survey after the program, and for comparison purposes, the teens also completed a survey at the end of the program. While the parents only observed the program, the results revealed that most learned useful information and would consider additional training for themselves. Almost all teens and parents reported anticipating changing their driving behaviors, specifically by reducing distractions, having a heightened awareness and changing their driving position. These results suggest that parents benefited from simply observing the class.
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