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Deng Y, Wang X, Xu H, Liu C, Li R, Zhang Y, Qu C, Miao J. Optimization of κ-Selenocarrageenase Production by Pseudoalteromonas sp. Xi13 and Its Immobilization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227716. [PMID: 36431814 PMCID: PMC9694495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioenzymatic production of selenium oligosaccharides addresses the problems resulting from high molecular weight and poor water solubility of κ-selenocarrageenan, and lays foundation for its application as adjuvant drugs for cancer treatment and food additive. κ-selenocarrageenase extracted from Pseudoalteromonas sp. Xi13 can degrade κ-selenocarrageenan to selenium oligosaccharides. The maximum optimized κ-selenocarrageenase activity using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was increased by 1.4 times, reaching 8.416 U/mL. To expand applications of the κ-selenocarrageenase in industry, the preparation conditions of it in either lyophilized or immobilized form were investigated. The activity recovery rate of the lyophilized enzyme was >70%, while that of the immobilized enzyme was 62.83%. However, the immobilized κ-selenocarrageenase exhibits good stability after being reused four times, with 58.28% of residual activity. The selenium content of κ-selenocarrageenan oligosaccharides degraded by the immobilized κ-selenocarrageenase was 47.06 µg/g, 8.3% higher than that degraded by the lyophilized enzyme. The results indicate that the immobilized κ-selenocarrageenase is suitable for industrial applications and has commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-532-88967430 (J.M.); +86-532-13153275509 (Y.Z.)
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Marine Natural Products R&D Laboratory, Qingdao Key Laboratory, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Marine Natural Products R&D Laboratory, Qingdao Key Laboratory, Qingdao 266061, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-532-88967430 (J.M.); +86-532-13153275509 (Y.Z.)
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Boncan DAT, David AME, Lluisma AO. A CAZyme-Rich Genome of a Taxonomically Novel Rhodophyte-Associated Carrageenolytic Marine Bacterium. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:685-705. [PMID: 29936557 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) have significant biotechnological potential as agents for degradation or modification of polysaccharides/glycans. As marine macroalgae are known to be rich in various types of polysaccharides, seaweed-associated bacteria are likely to be a good source of these CAZymes. A genomics approach can be used to explore CAZyme abundance and diversity, but it can also provide deep insights into the biology of CAZyme producers and, in particular, into molecular mechanisms that mediate their interaction with their hosts. In this study, a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, carrageenolytic, and culturable marine bacterium designated as AOL6 was isolated from a diseased thallus of a carrageenan-producing farmed rhodophyte, Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). The whole genome of this bacterium was sequenced and characterized. Sequence reads were assembled producing a high-quality genome assembly. The estimated genome size of the bacterium is 4.4 Mb and a G+C content of 52%. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on a complete sequence of 16S rRNA, rpoB, and a set of 38 single-copy genes suggests that the bacterium is an unknown species and represents a novel genus in the family Cellvibrionaceae that is most closely related to the genera Teredinibacter and Saccharophagus. Genome comparison with T. turnerae T7901 and S. degradans 2-40 reveals several features shared by the three species, including a large number of CAZymes that comprised > 5% of the total number of protein-coding genes. The high proportion of CAZymes found in the AOL6 genome exceeds that of other known carbohydrate degraders, suggesting a significant capacity to degrade a range of polysaccharides including κ-carrageenan; 34% of these CAZymes have signal peptide sequences for secretion. Three putative κ-carrageenase-encoding genes were identified from the genome of the bacterium via in silico analysis, consistent with the results of the zymography assay (with κ-carrageenan as substrate). Genome analysis also indicated that AOL6 relies exclusively on type 2 secretion system (T2SS) for secreting proteins (possibly including glycoside hydrolases). In relation to T2SS, the product of the pilZ gene was predicted to be highly expressed, suggesting specialization for cell adhesion and secretion of virulence factors. The assignment of proteins to clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) revealed a pattern characteristic of r-strategists. Majority of two-component system proteins identified in the AOL6 genome were also predicted to be involved in chemotaxis and surface colonization. These genomic features suggest that AOL6 is an opportunistic pathogen, adapted to colonizing polysaccharide-rich hosts, including carrageenophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delbert Almerick T Boncan
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Anne Marjorie E David
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Arturo O Lluisma
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines.
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Zhu B, Ni F, Sun Y, Zhu X, Yin H, Yao Z, Du Y. Insight into carrageenases: major review of sources, category, property, purification method, structure, and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:1261-1276. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1472550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fang Ni
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xianyu Zhu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, PR China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, PR China
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuguang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Skea GL, Mountfort DO, Clements KD. Contrasting digestive strategies in four New Zealand herbivorous fishes as reflected by carbohydrase activity profiles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 146:63-70. [PMID: 17046302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of algal carbohydrates was examined in the New Zealand herbivorous fishes Parma alboscapularis (Pomacentridae), Aplodactylus etheridgii (Aplodactylidae), Girella tricuspidata and G. cyanea (Girellidae). Enzyme extract taken from the anterior gut wall, gut fluid and microbial pellet from sections sampled along the gut were tested for activity against starch, carrageenan, agarose and carboxymethylcellulose. Hydrolysis of starch was greater than for all other substrates tested. Endogenous (host-produced) activity in the anterior gut fluid varied between species in the order G. tricuspidata (7700 units mL(-1))>G. cyanea (2300 units mL(-1))>P. alboscapularis (2000)>A. etheridgii (1400 units mL(-1)) where one unit is equivalent to 1 mug of reducing sugar released per minute. Activity decreased markedly along the gut in all cases, so that at the posterior end of the gut only 0.3-8% of the anterior activity remained in the gut fluid. Enzyme activity against structural carbohydrates was lower than that against starch, and was of exogenous (produced by resident microbiota) origin in all species although the location of activity along the gut differed. The microbial extract of A. etheridgii displayed the highest activity against carrageenan and agarose in all gut sections, reaching maxima of 47 units mL(-1) against carrageenan and 35 units mL(-1) against agarose in the mid-gut microbial extract. Carrageenase and agarase activity in the other three species was <10 units mL(-1) for all gut sections. Results suggest that carrageenan and agarose are potentially important substrates for microbial fermentation, particularly in A. etheridgii, and that there is microbial activity in the mid-gut of this species, rather than primarily in the hind-gut as in other herbivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Skea
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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