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Guo Y, Kawaguchi A, Takeshita M, Sekiya T, Hirohama M, Yamashita A, Siomi H, Murano K. Potent mouse monoclonal antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100346. [PMID: 33524396 PMCID: PMC7846482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed into a global pandemic since its first outbreak in the winter of 2019. An extensive investigation of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for disease control. Various recombinant monoclonal antibodies of human origin that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection have been isolated from convalescent patients and will be applied as therapies and prophylaxis. However, the need for dedicated monoclonal antibodies suitable for molecular pathology research is not fully addressed. Here, we produced six mouse anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike monoclonal antibodies that not only exhibit robust performance in immunoassays including western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation, but also demonstrate neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection to VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells. Due to their mouse origin, our monoclonal antibodies are compatible with the experimental immunoassay setups commonly used in basic molecular biology research laboratories, providing a useful tool for future research. Furthermore, in the hope of applying the antibodies of clinical setting, we determined the variable regions of the antibodies and used them to produce recombinant human/mouse chimeric antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Binding Sites
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Neutralization Tests
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Subunits/administration & dosage
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/administration & dosage
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeshita
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sekiya
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mikako Hirohama
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Siomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kensaku Murano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Trimmer JS. Recombinant Antibodies in Basic Neuroscience Research. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 94:e106. [PMID: 33151027 PMCID: PMC7665837 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Basic neuroscience research employs antibodies as key reagents to label, capture, and modulate the function of proteins of interest. Antibodies are immunoglobulin proteins. Recombinant antibodies are immunoglobulin proteins whose nucleic acid coding regions, or fragments thereof, have been cloned into expression plasmids that allow for unlimited production. Recombinant antibodies offer many advantages over conventional antibodies including their unambiguous identification and digital archiving via DNA sequencing, reliable expression, ease and reliable distribution as DNA sequences and as plasmids, and the opportunity for numerous forms of engineering to enhance their utility. Recombinant antibodies exist in many different forms, each of which offers potential advantages and disadvantages for neuroscience research applications. I provide an overview of recombinant antibodies and their development. Examples of their emerging use as valuable reagents in basic neuroscience research are also discussed. Many of these examples employ recombinant antibodies in innovative experimental approaches that cannot be pursued with conventional antibodies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
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3
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Fogaça RL, Alvarenga LM, Woiski TD, Becker-Finco A, Teixeira KN, Silva SK, de Moraes RN, Noronha LD, Noiray M, de Figueiredo BC, Billiald P, Moura JD. Biomolecular engineering of antidehydroepiandrosterone antibodies: a new perspective in cancer diagnosis and treatment using single-chain antibody variable fragment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:689-705. [PMID: 30691340 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a monoclonal antibody against dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and miniaturize it, generating a single-chain antibody variable fragment (scFv) against DHEA as an adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) marker. Material & methods: DHEA conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was used as an immunogen to obtain anti-DHEA hybridomas. Variable fragments were cloned from hybridoma 5B7 total RNA, and used to detect DHEA in normal adrenal tissue and ACC cells. Results: IgM monoclonal antibody was highly specific, and the recombinant scFv preserved parental antibody characteristics, allowing tissue localization of DHEA. Conclusion: Undefined small lesions are challenges for clinicians and impact clinical adrenocortical tumor management. Generating an anti-DHEA scFv facilitates development of imaging tests for early diagnosis of pediatric ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela L Fogaça
- Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Larissa M Alvarenga
- Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Pós graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thiago D Woiski
- Instituto Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sabrina K Silva
- Pós graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Pós graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Magali Noiray
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM UMR S1193 & UMS IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Philippe Billiald
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM UMR S1193 & UMS IPSIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7245, Paris, France
| | - Juliana de Moura
- Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Pós graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Básica – UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
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Andrews NP, Boeckman JX, Manning CF, Nguyen JT, Bechtold H, Dumitras C, Gong B, Nguyen K, van der List D, Murray KD, Engebrecht J, Trimmer JS. A toolbox of IgG subclass-switched recombinant monoclonal antibodies for enhanced multiplex immunolabeling of brain. eLife 2019; 8:43322. [PMID: 30667360 PMCID: PMC6377228 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating recombinant monoclonal antibodies (R-mAbs) from mAb-producing hybridomas offers numerous advantages that increase the effectiveness, reproducibility, and transparent reporting of research. We report here the generation of a novel resource in the form of a library of recombinant R-mAbs validated for neuroscience research. We cloned immunoglobulin G (IgG) variable domains from cryopreserved hybridoma cells and input them into an integrated pipeline for expression and validation of functional R-mAbs. To improve efficiency over standard protocols, we eliminated aberrant Sp2/0-Ag14 hybridoma-derived variable light transcripts using restriction enzyme treatment. Further, we engineered a plasmid backbone that allows for switching of the IgG subclasses without altering target binding specificity to generate R-mAbs useful in simultaneous multiplex labeling experiments not previously possible. The method was also employed to rescue IgG variable sequences and generate functional R-mAbs from a non-viable cryopreserved hybridoma. All R-mAb sequences and plasmids will be archived and disseminated from open source suppliers. The immune system fights off disease-causing microbes using antibodies: Y-shaped proteins that each bind to a specific foreign molecule. Indeed, these proteins bind so tightly and so specifically that they can pick out a single target in a complex mixture of different molecules. This property also makes them useful in research. For example, neurobiologists can use antibodies to mark target proteins in thin sections of brain tissue. This reveals their position inside brain cells, helping to link the structure of the brain to the roles the different parts of this structure perform. To use antibodies in this way, scientists need to be able to produce them in large quantities without losing their target specificity. The most common way to do this is with cells called hybridomas. A hybridoma is a hybrid of an antibody-producing immune cell and a cancer cell, and it has properties of both. From the immune cell, it inherits the genes to make a specific type of antibody. From the cancer cell, it inherits the ability to go on dividing forever. In theory, hybridomas should be immortal antibody factories, but they have some limitations. They are expensive to keep alive, hard to transport between labs, and their genes can be unstable. Problems can creep into their genetic code, halting their growth or changing the targets their antibodies recognize. When this happens, scientists can lose vital research tools. Instead of keeping the immune cells alive, an alternative approach is to make recombinant antibodies. Rather than store the whole cell, this approach just stores the parts of the genes that encode antibody target-specificity. Andrews et al. set out to convert a valuable toolbox of neuroscience antibodies into recombinant form. This involved copying the antibody genes from a large library of preserved hybridoma cells. However, many hybridomas also carry genes that produce non-functional antibodies. A step in the process removed these DNA sequences, ensuring that only working antibodies made it into the final library. Using frozen cells made it possible to recover antibody genes from hybridoma cells that could no longer grow. The recombinant DNA sequences provide a permanent record of useful antibodies. Not only does this prevent the loss of research tools, it is also much more shareable than living cells. Modifications to the DNA sequences in the library allow for the use of many antibodies at once. This could help when studying the interactions between different molecules in the brain. Toolkits like these could also make it easier to collaborate, and to reproduce data gathered by different researchers around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P Andrews
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Justin X Boeckman
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Colleen F Manning
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Joe T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Hannah Bechtold
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Camelia Dumitras
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Kimberly Nguyen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Deborah van der List
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Karl D Murray
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, United States
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5
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Bradbury ARM, Trinklein ND, Thie H, Wilkinson IC, Tandon AK, Anderson S, Bladen CL, Jones B, Aldred SF, Bestagno M, Burrone O, Maynard J, Ferrara F, Trimmer JS, Görnemann J, Glanville J, Wolf P, Frenzel A, Wong J, Koh XY, Eng HY, Lane D, Lefranc MP, Clark M, Dübel S. When monoclonal antibodies are not monospecific: Hybridomas frequently express additional functional variable regions. MAbs 2018; 10:539-546. [PMID: 29485921 PMCID: PMC5973764 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1445456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are commonly assumed to be monospecific, but anecdotal studies have reported genetic diversity in antibody heavy chain and light chain genes found within individual hybridomas. As the prevalence of such diversity has never been explored, we analyzed 185 random hybridomas, in a large multicenter dataset. The hybridomas analyzed were not biased towards those with cloning difficulties or known to have additional chains. Of the hybridomas we evaluated, 126 (68.1%) contained no additional productive chains, while the remaining 59 (31.9%) contained one or more additional productive heavy or light chains. The expression of additional chains degraded properties of the antibodies, including specificity, binding signal and/or signal-to-noise ratio, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. The most abundant mRNA transcripts found in a hybridoma cell line did not necessarily encode the antibody chains providing the correct specificity. Consequently, when cloning antibody genes, functional validation of all possible VH and VL combinations is required to identify those with the highest affinity and lowest cross-reactivity. These findings, reflecting the current state of hybridomas used in research, reiterate the importance of using sequence-defined recombinant antibodies for research or diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holger Thie
- c Miltenyi Biotec GmbH , Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 68, Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Ian C Wilkinson
- d Absolute Antibody, Wilton Centre , Redcar , Cleveland TS10 4RF , United Kingdom
| | - Atul K Tandon
- e NeoBiotechnologies , 2 Union Square, Union City , CA , USA
| | - Stephen Anderson
- d Absolute Antibody, Wilton Centre , Redcar , Cleveland TS10 4RF , United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L Bladen
- d Absolute Antibody, Wilton Centre , Redcar , Cleveland TS10 4RF , United Kingdom
| | - Brittany Jones
- e NeoBiotechnologies , 2 Union Square, Union City , CA , USA
| | | | - Marco Bestagno
- f International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Padriciano 99, Trieste , Italy
| | - Oscar Burrone
- f International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Padriciano 99, Trieste , Italy
| | - Jennifer Maynard
- g The University of Texas at Austin, Cockrell School of Engineering , McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin , Texas , USA
| | | | - James S Trimmer
- h Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology , University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis , CA , USA
| | - Janina Görnemann
- i Institute for Molecular Genetics , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Field 260, Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jacob Glanville
- j Stanford University, School of Medicine , Stanford , California , USA
| | - Philipp Wolf
- k Department of Urology , Medical Center, University of Freiburg , Breisacher Str. 66, Freiburg , Germany
| | - Andre Frenzel
- l Yumab GmbH , Inhoffenstr. 7, Braunschweig , Germany.,p Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Spielmannstr. 7, Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Julin Wong
- m A*Star p53 laboratory , 06-06 Immunos, Singapore , Singapore
| | - Xin Yu Koh
- m A*Star p53 laboratory , 06-06 Immunos, Singapore , Singapore
| | - Hui-Yan Eng
- m A*Star p53 laboratory , 06-06 Immunos, Singapore , Singapore
| | - David Lane
- m A*Star p53 laboratory , 06-06 Immunos, Singapore , Singapore
| | - Marie-Paule Lefranc
- n IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UPR CNRS 1142, Montpellier University , Montpellier cedex 5 , France
| | - Mike Clark
- o Clark Antibodies Ltd , 10 Wellington Street, Cambridge , CB1 1HW , United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Dübel
- p Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Spielmannstr. 7, Braunschweig , Germany
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6
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Liu R, Liang X, Xiang D, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zhu G. Expression and Functional Properties of an Anti-Triazophos High-Affinity Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody with Specific Lambda Light Chain. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E823. [PMID: 27338340 PMCID: PMC4926357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazophos is a widely used organophosphorous insecticide that has potentially adverse effects to organisms. In the present study, a high-affinity single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody with specific lambda light chain was developed for residue monitoring. First, the specific variable regions were correctly amplified from a hybridoma cell line 8C10 that secreted monoclonal antibody (mAb) against triazophos. The regions were then assembled as scFv via splicing by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the recombinant anti-triazophos scFv-8C10 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli strain HB2151 in soluble form, purified through immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and verified via Western blot and peptide mass fingerprinting analyses. Afterward, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established based on the purified anti-triazophos scFv-8C10 antibody. The assay exhibited properties similar to those based on the parent mAb, with a high sensitivity (IC50 of 1.73 ng/mL) to triazophos and no cross reaction for other organophosphorus pesticides; it was reliable in detecting triazophos residues in spiked water samples. Moreover, kinetic measurement using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor indicated that the purified scFv-8C10 antibody had a high affinity of 1.8 × 10(-10) M and exhibited good binding stability. Results indicated that the recombinant high-affinity scFv-8C10 antibody was an effective detection material that would be promising for monitoring triazophos residues in environment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiao Liang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Dandan Xiang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yirong Guo
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Mandikian D, Bocksteins E, Parajuli LK, Bishop HI, Cerda O, Shigemoto R, Trimmer JS. Cell type-specific spatial and functional coupling between mammalian brain Kv2.1 K+ channels and ryanodine receptors. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:3555-74. [PMID: 24962901 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Kv2.1 voltage-gated K+ channel is widely expressed throughout mammalian brain, where it contributes to dynamic activity-dependent regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. Here we show that somatic plasma membrane Kv2.1 clusters are juxtaposed to clusters of intracellular ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ -release channels in mouse brain neurons, most prominently in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum. Electron microscopy-immunogold labeling shows that in MSNs, plasma membrane Kv2.1 clusters are adjacent to subsurface cisternae, placing Kv2.1 in close proximity to sites of RyR-mediated Ca2+ release. Immunofluorescence labeling in transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein in specific MSN populations reveals the most prominent juxtaposed Kv2.1:RyR clusters in indirect pathway MSNs. Kv2.1 in both direct and indirect pathway MSNs exhibits markedly lower levels of labeling with phosphospecific antibodies directed against the S453, S563, and S603 phosphorylation site compared with levels observed in neocortical neurons, although labeling for Kv2.1 phosphorylation at S563 was significantly lower in indirect pathway MSNs compared with those in the direct pathway. Finally, acute stimulation of RyRs in heterologous cells causes a rapid hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of activation of Kv2.1, typical of Ca2+ /calcineurin-dependent Kv2.1 dephosphorylation. Together, these studies reveal that striatal MSNs are distinct in their expression of clustered Kv2.1 at plasma membrane sites juxtaposed to intracellular RyRs, as well as in Kv2.1 phosphorylation state. Differences in Kv2.1 expression and phosphorylation between MSNs in direct and indirect pathways provide a cell- and circuit-specific mechanism for coupling intracellular Ca2+ release to phosphorylation-dependent regulation of Kv2.1 to dynamically impact intrinsic excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Mandikian
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616
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8
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Fields C, O'Connell D, Xiao S, Lee GU, Billiald P, Muzard J. Creation of recombinant antigen-binding molecules derived from hybridomas secreting specific antibodies. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:1125-48. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Zahid M, Loyau S, Bouabdelli M, Aubrey N, Jandrot-Perrus M, Billiald P. Design and reshaping of an scFv directed against human platelet glycoprotein VI with diagnostic potential. Anal Biochem 2011; 417:274-82. [PMID: 21771576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Blood platelets play a key role in physiological hemostasis and in thrombosis. As a consequence, platelet functional analysis is widely used in the diagnosis of hemorrhagic disorders as well as in the evaluation of thrombosis risks and of the efficacy of antithrombotics. Glycoprotein (GP) VI is a platelet-specific collagen-signaling receptor. Clinical studies suggest that increased GPVI expression is associated with a risk of arterial thrombosis. Conversely, GPVI deficiencies have been identified in patients with defective platelet responses to collagen. Currently, there is no standard test available for measuring GPVI expression, essentially because antibodies usually cross-link GPVI upon binding, leading to platelet activation and consecutive changes in GPVI expression. Here, we designed a recombinant monovalent antibody fragment (scFv) derived from an anti-GPVI monoclonal IgG, 3J24, with the characteristics required to analyze GPVI expression. Guided by in silico modeling and V-KAPPA chain analysis, a Protein L (PpL) recognition pattern was engineered in the scFv, making possible its purification and detection using PpL conjugates. The PpL affinity-purified scFv is functional. It retains GPVI-binding specificity and allows detection of platelet surface-expressed GPVI without inducing platelet activation. In conclusion, the reshaped scFv may be very useful in the development of diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid
- Université Paris-Sud 11, IFR 141, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92260 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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10
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Ding G, Chen X, Zhu J, Cao B. Identification of two aberrant transcripts derived from a hybridoma with amplification of functional immunoglobulin variable genes. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 7:349-54. [PMID: 20657605 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2010.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely used but have limitations if administered in humans. The use of chimeric or humanized mAbs can reduce immunogenicity. The first step in producing such mAbs is to clone murine variable genes from a hybridoma, but it is possible to amplify both functional and aberrant variable genes, as they coexist in the hybridoma. During the development of a murine-human chimeric antibody, we have cloned from a hybridoma the functional heavy chain variable region (V(H)) and light chain variable region (V(L)) genes of a mAb that blocks the binding of anthrax lethal factor to protective antigen. In this study, we report the detection of two aberrant transcripts from a hybridoma produced using myeloma cell line OUR-1, the development of a method to distinguish between the functional and abundant aberrant V(L) transcripts, and the origins of these aberrant genes. The aberrant V(L) gene is derived from OUR-1 cells, while the aberrant V(H) gene might derive from antibody repertoires in B cells or from gene rearrangement in the hybridoma cells. The aberrant V(H) and V(L) genes in this study may facilitate discrimination between the functional and aberrant variable genes from hybridoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guipeng Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Muzard J, Bouabdelli M, Zahid M, Ollivier V, Lacapère JJ, Jandrot-Perrus M, Billiald P. Design and humanization of a murine scFv that blocks human platelet glycoprotein VI in vitro. FEBS J 2009; 276:4207-22. [PMID: 19558491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and aggregation at the site of vascular injury is essential for hemostasis, but can also lead to arterial occlusion in thrombotic disorders. Glycoprotein (GP) VI is the major platelet membrane receptor that interacts directly with collagen, the most thrombogenic compound in the blood vessels. GPVI could therefore be a major therapeutic target. Fab fragments of the anti-GPVI murine monoclonal IgG 9O12 have previously been shown to completely block collagen-induced platelet aggregation, to inhibit the procoagulant activity of collagen-stimulated platelets, and to prevent thrombus formation under arterial flow conditions without significantly prolonging the bleeding time. Here, we engineered recombinant scFvs that preserve the functional properties of 9O12, and could constitute building blocks for designing new compounds with potentially therapeutic antithrombotic properties. First, the 9O12 variable domains were cloned, sequenced, and expressed as a recombinant murine scFv, which was fully characterized. This scFv preserved all the characteristics that make 9O12 Fab potentially useful for therapeutic applications, including its high affinity for GPVI, ability to inhibit platelet adhesion, and aggregation with collagen under arterial flow conditions. A humanized version of this scFv was also designed after complementarity-determining region grafting and structural refinements using homology-based modeling. The final product was produced in recombinant bacteria. It retained GPVI-binding specificity and high affinity, which are the main parameters usually impaired by humanization procedures. This is a simple, efficient and straightforward method that could also be used for humanizing other antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Muzard
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS FRE 3206, Paris, France
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12
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PCR amplification of the functional immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene from a hybridoma in the presence of two aberrant transcripts. J Immunol Methods 2008; 336:246-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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