1
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Yang M, Li C, Li Y, Cheng C, Shi M, Yin L, Xue H, Liu Y. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of 2,4-diarylimidazoles and 2,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-arylpyrimidines as novel HSP90 N-terminal inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2551-2565. [PMID: 36120957 PMCID: PMC9518286 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2124407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone HSP90 plays an essential role in cancer occurrence and development. Therefore, it is an important target for the development of anticancer drugs. 1,3-Dibenzyl-2-aryl imidazolidine (8) is a previously reported inhibitor of HSP90; however, its anticancer activity is poor. In this work, chemical modification of 8 led to the discovery of 2,4-diarylimidazoles and 2,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-arylpyrimidines as two types of novel HSP90 N-terminal inhibitors. 16l and 22k exhibited antiproliferative activity against multiple breast cancer cell lines with IC50 values at the low micromolar level. 16l and 22k induced significant degradation of the client proteins AKT and ERK and a lower level of the heat shock response in comparison with tanespimycin (17-AAG). 22k exhibited a strong affinity for the HSP90α N-terminus with an IC50 value of 0.21 μM. A molecular docking study revealed that 16l and 22k successfully bind to the geldanamycin binding site at the N-terminus of HSP90α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Chenyao Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yajing Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Meiyun Shi
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Lei Yin
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Hongyu Xue
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
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2
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Pan X, Mao TY, Mai YW, Liang CC, Huang WH, Rao Y, Huang ZS, Huang SL. Discovery of Quinacrine as a Potent Topo II and Hsp90 Dual-Target Inhibitor, Repurposing for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175561. [PMID: 36080326 PMCID: PMC9458065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Topo II and Hsp90 are promising targets. In this study, we first verified the structural similarities between Topo IIα ATPase and Hsp90α N−ATPase. Subsequently, 720 compounds from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug library and kinase library were screened using the malachite green phosphate combination with the Topo II-mediated DNA relaxation and MTT assays. Subsequently, the antimalarial drug quinacrine was found to be a potential dual−target inhibitor of Topo II and Hsp90. Mechanistic studies showed that quinacrine could specifically bind to the Topo IIα ATPase domain and inhibit the activity of Topo IIα ATPase without impacting DNA cleavage. Furthermore, our study revealed that quinacrine could bind Hsp90 N−ATPase and inhibit Hsp90 activity. Significantly, quinacrine has broad antiproliferation activity and remains sensitive to the multidrug−resistant cell line MCF−7/ADR and the atypical drug−resistant tumor cell line HL−60/MX2. Our study identified quinacrine as a potential dual−target inhibitor of Topo II and Hsp90, depending on the ATP−binding domain, positioning it as a hit compound for further structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Teng-yu Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan-wen Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng-cheng Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei-hao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shi-liang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-39943053; Fax: +86-20-39943056
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Pinzi L, Foschi F, Christodoulou MS, Passarella D, Rastelli G. Design and Synthesis of Hsp90 Inhibitors with B-Raf and PDHK1 Multi-Target Activity. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1177-1185. [PMID: 34633754 PMCID: PMC8634768 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of multi-target ligands has become an innovative approach for the identification of effective therapeutic treatments against complex diseases, such as cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combined inhibition of Hsp90 and B-Raf provides synergistic effects against several types of cancers. Moreover, it has been reported that PDHK1, which presents an ATP-binding pocket similar to that of Hsp90, plays an important role in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression, participating also to the senescence process induced by B-Raf oncogenic proteins. Based on these premises, the simultaneous inhibition of these targets may provide several benefits for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we set up a design strategy including the assembly and integration of molecular fragments known to be important for binding to the Hsp90, PDHK1 and B-Raf targets, aided by molecular docking for the selection of a set of compounds potentially able to exert Hsp90-B-Raf-PDHK1 multi-target activities. The designed compounds were synthesized and experimentally validated in vitro. According to the in vitro assays, compounds 4 a, 4 d and 4 e potently inhibited Hsp90 and moderately inhibited the PDHK1 kinase. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide further insights into the structural basis of their multi-target activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia G. Campi 10341125ModenaItaly
| | - Francesca Foschi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MilanoVia Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | | | | | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia G. Campi 10341125ModenaItaly
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4
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Yoshimura C, Nagatoishi S, Kuroda D, Kodama Y, Uno T, Kitade M, Chong-Takata K, Oshiumi H, Muraoka H, Yamashita S, Kawai Y, Ohkubo S, Tsumoto K. Thermodynamic Dissection of Potency and Selectivity of Cytosolic Hsp90 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2669-2677. [PMID: 33621080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic Hsp90-selective inhibitor TAS-116 has an acceptable safety profile and promising antitumor activity in clinical trials. We examined the binding characteristics of TAS-116 and its analogs to determine the impact of the ligand binding mode on selectivity for cytosolic Hsp90. Analyses of the co-crystal structure of Hsp90 and inhibitor TAS-116 suggest that TAS-116 interacts with the ATP-binding pocket, the ATP lid region, and the hydrophobic pocket. A competitive isothermal titration calorimetry analysis confirmed that a small fragment of TAS-116 (THS-510) docks into the lid region and hydrophobic pockets without binding to the ATP-binding pocket. THS-510 exhibited enthalpy-driven binding to Hsp90α and selectively inhibited cytosolic Hsp90 activity. The heat capacity change of THS-510 binding was positive, likely due to the induced conformational rearrangement of Hsp90. Thus, we concluded that interactions with the hydrophobic pocket of Hsp90 determine potency and selectivity of TAS-116 and derivatives for the cytosolic Hsp90 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihoko Yoshimura
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuroda
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kodama
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takao Uno
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Makoto Kitade
- Chemical Technology Laboratory, CMC Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kamikawamachi, Kodama-gun, Saitama 367-0241, Japan
| | - Khoontee Chong-Takata
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hiromi Oshiumi
- Formulation Research, CMC Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Hiromi Muraoka
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kawai
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohkubo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Abdelsattar AS, Mansour Y, Aboul-Ela F. The Perturbed Free-Energy Landscape: Linking Ligand Binding to Biomolecular Folding. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1499-1516. [PMID: 33351206 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ligand binding on biomolecular conformation are crucial in drug design, enzyme mechanisms, the regulation of gene expression, and other biological processes. Descriptive models such as "lock and key", "induced fit", and "conformation selection" are common ways to interpret such interactions. Another historical model, linked equilibria, proposes that the free-energy landscape (FEL) is perturbed by the addition of ligand binding energy for the bound population of biomolecules. This principle leads to a unified, quantitative theory of ligand-induced conformation change, building upon the FEL concept. We call the map of binding free energy over biomolecular conformational space the "binding affinity landscape" (BAL). The perturbed FEL predicts/explains ligand-induced conformational changes conforming to all common descriptive models. We review recent experimental and computational studies that exemplify the perturbed FEL, with emphasis on RNA. This way of understanding ligand-induced conformation dynamics motivates new experimental and theoretical approaches to ligand design, structural biology and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for X-Ray Determination of the Structure of Matter, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Youssef Mansour
- Center for X-Ray Determination of the Structure of Matter, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fareed Aboul-Ela
- Center for X-Ray Determination of the Structure of Matter, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 12578, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Structural Basis for Design of New Purine-Based Inhibitors Targeting the Hydrophobic Binding Pocket of Hsp90. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249377. [PMID: 33317068 PMCID: PMC7763603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) represents a promising approach for cancer treatment. BIIB021 is a highly potent Hsp90 inhibitor with remarkable anticancer activity; however, its clinical application is limited by lack of potency and response. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of replacing the hydrophobic moiety of BIIB021, 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine, with various five-membered ring structures on the binding to Hsp90. A focused array of N7/N9-substituted purines, featuring aromatic and non-aromatic rings, was designed, considering the size of hydrophobic pocket B in Hsp90 to obtain insights into their binding modes within the ATP binding site of Hsp90 in terms of π–π stacking interactions in pocket B as well as outer α-helix 4 configurations. The target molecules were synthesized and evaluated for their Hsp90α inhibitory activity in cell-free assays. Among the tested compounds, the isoxazole derivatives 6b and 6c, and the sole six-membered derivative 14 showed favorable Hsp90α inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 1.76 µM, 0.203 µM, and 1.00 µM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 14 elicited promising anticancer activity against MCF-7, SK-BR-3, and HCT116 cell lines. The X-ray structures of compounds 4b, 6b, 6c, 8, and 14 bound to the N-terminal domain of Hsp90 were determined in order to understand the obtained results and to acquire additional structural insights, which might enable further optimization of BIIB021.
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7
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Wu DM, Wang YJ, Fan SH, Zhang ZF, Shan Q, Lu J, Chen GQ, Zheng YL. High-throughput screening of novel pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases inhibitors and biological evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:252-262. [PMID: 30597326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) has been widely noticed in a variety of human solid tumors, which could be regarded as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. In this paper, we present an enzymatic screening assay and multiple biological evaluations for the identification of potential PDKs, especially PDK1 inhibitors. We identified 9 potential PDKs inhibitors from the screening of an in-house small molecule library, all of the identified inhibitors reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex phosphorylation. Among which, 4, 5, and 9 displayed the most potent PDKs inhibitory activities, with EC50 values of 0.34, 1.4, and 1.6 μM in an enzymatic assay, respectively. A kinase inhibition assay suggested that 4, 5, and 9 were pan-isoform PDK inhibitors, but more sensitive to PDK1. Meanwhile, the three compounds inhibited HSP90, with IC50 values of 0.78, 3.58, and 2.70 μM, respectively. The cell viability assay indicated that 4 inhibited all of the tested cancer cells proliferation, with a GC50 value of 2.3 μM against NCIH1975 cell, but has little effect on human normal lung cell BEAS-2B cell. In the NCIH1975 xenograft models, 4 displayed strong antitumor activities at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg, but with no negative effect on the mice weight. In addition, 4 decreased the ECAR and lactate formation, increased OCR and ROS level in NCIH1975 cancer cell, which could be used as a promising modulator to reprogram the glucose metabolic pathways in NCIH1975 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
| | - Gui-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
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8
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Uno T, Kawai Y, Yamashita S, Oshiumi H, Yoshimura C, Mizutani T, Suzuki T, Chong KT, Shigeno K, Ohkubo M, Kodama Y, Muraoka H, Funabashi K, Takahashi K, Ohkubo S, Kitade M. Discovery of 3-Ethyl-4-(3-isopropyl-4-(4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)-1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-1-yl)benzamide (TAS-116) as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Available HSP90 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2018; 62:531-551. [PMID: 30525599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a promising target for cancer therapy, as it assists in the stabilization of cancer-related proteins, promoting cancer cell growth, and survival. A novel series of HSP90 inhibitors were discovered by structure-activity relationship (SAR)-based optimization of an initial hit compound 11a having a 4-(4-(quinolin-3-yl)-1 H-indol-1-yl)benzamide structure. The pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridine derivative, 16e (TAS-116), is a selective inhibitor of HSP90α and HSP90β among the HSP90 family proteins and exhibits oral availability in mice. The X-ray cocrystal structure of the 16e analogue 16d demonstrated a unique binding mode at the N-terminal ATP binding site. Oral administration of 16e demonstrated potent antitumor effects in an NCI-H1975 xenograft mouse model without significant body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Uno
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Yuichi Kawai
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Hiromi Oshiumi
- Formulation Research, CMC Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194 , Japan
| | - Chihoko Yoshimura
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Takashi Mizutani
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Khoon Tee Chong
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shigeno
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohkubo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Yasuo Kodama
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Hiromi Muraoka
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Kaoru Funabashi
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohkubo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 300-2611 , Japan
| | - Makoto Kitade
- Chemical Technology Laboratory, CMC Division , Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Kamikawa-machi, Kodama-gun, Saitama 367-0241 , Japan
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9
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Vo CD, Shebert HL, Zikovich S, Dryer RA, Huang TP, Moran LJ, Cho J, Wassarman DR, Falahee BE, Young PD, Gu GH, Heinl JF, Hammond JW, Jackvony TN, Frederick TE, Blair JA. Repurposing Hsp90 inhibitors as antibiotics targeting histidine kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5235-5244. [PMID: 29110989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To address the growing need for new antimicrobial agents, we explored whether inhibition of bacterial signaling machinery could inhibit bacterial growth. Because bacteria rely on two-component signaling systems to respond to environmental changes, and because these systems are both highly conserved and mediated by histidine kinases, inhibiting histidine kinases may provide broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. The histidine kinase ATP binding domain is conserved with the ATPase domain of eukaryotic Hsp90 molecular chaperones. To find a chemical scaffold for compounds that target histidine kinases, we leveraged this conservation. We screened ATP competitive Hsp90 inhibitors against CckA, an essential histidine kinase in Caulobacter crescentus that controls cell growth, and showed that the diaryl pyrazole is a promising scaffold for histidine kinase inhibition. We synthesized a panel of derivatives and found that they inhibit the histidine kinases C. crescentus CckA and Salmonella PhoQ but not C. crescentus DivJ; and they inhibit bacterial growth in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau D Vo
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Hanna L Shebert
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Shannon Zikovich
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Rebecca A Dryer
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Tony P Huang
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Lindsey J Moran
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Juno Cho
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Douglas R Wassarman
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Bryn E Falahee
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Peter D Young
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Garrick H Gu
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - James F Heinl
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - John W Hammond
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Taylor N Jackvony
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Thomas E Frederick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jimmy A Blair
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
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10
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Singh P, Madhaiyan K, Duong-Thi MD, Dymock BW, Ohlson S. Analysis of Protein Target Interactions of Synthetic Mixtures by Affinity-LC/MS. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:440-446. [PMID: 28328315 DOI: 10.1177/2472555216687964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of interactions between molecules is of fundamental importance in life science research. In this study, we applied weak affinity chromatography, based on high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, as a powerful tool for direct analysis of the components of a chemical reaction mixture for their binding to a target protein. As a demonstration of the potential of this method, we analyzed the binding of the compounds of the reaction mixture to the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). It was possible to analyze quantitatively the binding of the components of the mixture to the target independently from each other without any preceding process such as purification. This feature has wide implications in biological sciences as crude mixtures, either natural or synthetic, can be analyzed directly for their possible binding to a target. This method could lead to savings in costs and labor through shortening chemical research project development time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | | | - Minh-Dao Duong-Thi
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | - Brian W Dymock
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Sten Ohlson
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
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11
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Ben-Shalom IY, Pfeiffer-Marek S, Baringhaus KH, Gohlke H. Efficient Approximation of Ligand Rotational and Translational Entropy Changes upon Binding for Use in MM-PBSA Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:170-189. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Y. Ben-Shalom
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefania Pfeiffer-Marek
- LGCR/Pharmaceutical
Sciences Operations, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Baringhaus
- R&D Resources/Site Direction, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Anighoro A, Pinzi L, Marverti G, Bajorath J, Rastelli G. Heat shock protein 90 and serine/threonine kinase B-Raf inhibitors have overlapping chemical space. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aid of computational design, we show that Hsp90 and B-Raf inhibitors have overlapping chemical space and we disclose the first-in-class dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Anighoro
- Department of Life Science Informatics
- B-IT
- LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
- D-53113 Bonn
| | - L. Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- Modena
- Italy
| | - G. Marverti
- Department of Biomedical
- Metabolic and Neurosciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- Modena
- Italy
| | - J. Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics
- B-IT
- LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
- D-53113 Bonn
| | - G. Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- Modena
- Italy
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13
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Nariai Y, Mizuguchi H, Ogasawara T, Nagai H, Sasaki Y, Okamoto Y, Yoshimura Y, Kitamura Y, Nemoto H, Takeda N, Fukui H. Disruption of Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90)-Protein Kinase Cδ (PKCδ) Interaction by (-)-Maackiain Suppresses Histamine H1 Receptor Gene Transcription in HeLa Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27393-27402. [PMID: 26391399 PMCID: PMC4646370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The histamine H1 receptor (H1R) gene is an allergic disease sensitive gene, and its expression level is strongly correlated with the severity of allergic symptoms. (-)-Maackiain was identified as a Kujin-derived anti-allergic compound that suppresses the up-regulation of the H1R gene. However, the underlying mechanism of H1R gene suppression remains unknown. Here, we sought to identify a target protein of (-)-maackiain and investigate its mechanism of action. A fluorescence quenching assay and immunoblot analysis identified heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as a target protein of (-)-maackiain. A pull-down assay revealed that (-)-maackiain disrupted the interaction of Hsp90 with PKCδ, resulting in the suppression of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced up-regulation of H1R gene expression in HeLa cells. Additional Hsp90 inhibitors, including 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, celastrol, and novobiocin also suppressed PMA-induced H1R gene up-regulation. 17-(Allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin inhibited PKCδ translocation to the Golgi and phosphorylation of Tyr(311) on PKCδ. These data suggest that (-)-maackiain is a novel Hsp90 pathway inhibitor. The underlying mechanism of the suppression of PMA-induced up-regulation of H1R gene expression by (-)-maackiain and Hsp90 inhibitors is the inhibition of PKCδ activation through the disruption of Hsp90-PKCδ interaction. Involvement of Hsp90 in H1R gene up-regulation suggests that suppression of the Hsp90 pathway could be a novel therapeutic strategy for allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nariai
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Takeyasu Ogasawara
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagai
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasaki
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Okamoto
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yoshimura
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kitamura
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hisao Nemoto
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takeda
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fukui
- Departments of Molecular Studies for Incurable Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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14
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Application of chemical biology in target identification and drug discovery. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1642-50. [PMID: 26242900 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development is vital to the well-being of mankind and sustainability of the pharmaceutical industry. Using chemical biology approaches to discover drug leads has become a widely accepted path partially because of the completion of the Human Genome Project. Chemical biology mainly solves biological problems through searching previously unknown targets for pharmacologically active small molecules or finding ligands for well-defined drug targets. It is a powerful tool to study how these small molecules interact with their respective targets, as well as their roles in signal transduction, molecular recognition and cell functions. There have been an increasing number of new therapeutic targets being identified and subsequently validated as a result of advances in functional genomics, which in turn led to the discovery of numerous active small molecules via a variety of high-throughput screening initiatives. In this review, we highlight some applications of chemical biology in the context of drug discovery.
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15
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Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Luferenko DV, Filimonov SI, Abramov IG. Formation of 4-hydroxy-5-[aryl(alkyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]benzene-1,2-dicarbonitriles in reactions of benzofurans with hydrazines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Davis AL, Qiao S, Lesson JL, Rojo de la Vega M, Park SL, Seanez CM, Gokhale V, Cabello CM, Wondrak GT. The quinone methide aurin is a heat shock response inducer that causes proteotoxic stress and Noxa-dependent apoptosis in malignant melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1623-38. [PMID: 25477506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.592626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological induction of proteotoxic stress is rapidly emerging as a promising strategy for cancer cell-directed chemotherapeutic intervention. Here, we describe the identification of a novel drug-like heat shock response inducer for the therapeutic induction of proteotoxic stress targeting malignant human melanoma cells. Screening a focused library of compounds containing redox-directed electrophilic pharmacophores employing the Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder(TM) PCR Array technology as a discovery tool, a drug-like triphenylmethane-derivative (aurin; 4-[bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one) was identified as an experimental cell stress modulator that causes (i) heat shock factor transcriptional activation, (ii) up-regulation of heat shock response gene expression (HSPA6, HSPA1A, DNAJB4, HMOX1), (iii) early unfolded protein response signaling (phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2α, CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein)), (iv) proteasome impairment with increased protein-ubiquitination, and (v) oxidative stress with glutathione depletion. Fluorescence polarization-based experiments revealed that aurin displays activity as a geldanamycin-competitive Hsp90α-antagonist, a finding further substantiated by molecular docking and ATPase inhibition analysis. Aurin exposure caused caspase-dependent cell death in a panel of human malignant melanoma cells (A375, G361, LOX-IMVI) but not in non-malignant human skin cells (Hs27 fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes, primary melanocytes) undergoing the aurin-induced heat shock response without impairment of viability. Aurin-induced melanoma cell apoptosis depends on Noxa up-regulation as confirmed by siRNA rescue experiments demonstrating that siPMAIP1-based target down-regulation suppresses aurin-induced cell death. Taken together, our data suggest feasibility of apoptotic elimination of malignant melanoma cells using the quinone methide-derived heat shock response inducer aurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Davis
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Shuxi Qiao
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Jessica L Lesson
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Montserrat Rojo de la Vega
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Sophia L Park
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Carol M Seanez
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Christopher M Cabello
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
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17
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Ohkubo S, Kodama Y, Muraoka H, Hitotsumachi H, Yoshimura C, Kitade M, Hashimoto A, Ito K, Gomori A, Takahashi K, Shibata Y, Kanoh A, Yonekura K. TAS-116, a highly selective inhibitor of heat shock protein 90α and β, demonstrates potent antitumor activity and minimal ocular toxicity in preclinical models. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:14-22. [PMID: 25416789 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone HSP90 plays a crucial role in cancer cell growth and survival by stabilizing cancer-related proteins. A number of HSP90 inhibitors have been developed clinically for cancer therapy; however, potential off-target and/or HSP90-related toxicities have proved problematic. The 4-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-1-yl)benzamide TAS-116 is a selective inhibitor of cytosolic HSP90α and β that does not inhibit HSP90 paralogs such as endoplasmic reticulum GRP94 or mitochondrial TRAP1. Oral administration of TAS-116 led to tumor shrinkage in human tumor xenograft mouse models accompanied by depletion of multiple HSP90 clients, demonstrating that the inhibition of HSP90α and β alone was sufficient to exert antitumor activity in certain tumor models. One of the most notable HSP90-related adverse events universally observed to differing degrees in the clinical setting is visual disturbance. A two-week administration of the isoxazole resorcinol NVP-AUY922, an HSP90 inhibitor, caused marked degeneration and disarrangement of the outer nuclear layer of the retina and induced photoreceptor cell death in rats. In contrast, TAS-116 did not produce detectable photoreceptor injury in rats, probably due to its lower distribution in retinal tissue. Importantly, in a rat model, the antitumor activity of TAS-116 was accompanied by a higher distribution of the compound in subcutaneously xenografted NCI-H1975 non-small cell lung carcinoma tumors than in retina. Moreover, TAS-116 showed activity against orthotopically transplanted NCI-H1975 lung tumors. Together, these data suggest that TAS-116 has a potential to maximize antitumor activity while minimizing adverse effects such as visual disturbances that are observed with other compounds of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Ohkubo
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Kodama
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Muraoka
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hitotsumachi
- Tokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chihoko Yoshimura
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Kitade
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashimoto
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ito
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Gomori
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shibata
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Kanoh
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yonekura
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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18
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Jia JM, Liu F, Xu XL, Guo XK, Jiang F, Huang HZ, Pan Y, Cherfaoui B, Sun HP, You QD. Hybrids of the Benzofuran Core from Natural Products and the 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzene Fragment as Potent Hsp90 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Bioevaluation. Mol Inform 2014; 33:495-502. [PMID: 27486036 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several chemical fragments have been confirmed as highly efficient cores for the design of Hsp90 inhibitors. Molecular hybridization of potent fragments has been widely used as a rational drug discovery strategy. In this study, a novel class of hybrids of benzofuran, a privileged core from natural products, and 2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropyl phenyl, an efficient fragment in Hsp90 inhibitors, were designed and synthesized. Subsequent evaluation confirmed they inhibited cell proliferation and regulated the level of client proteins through Hsp90 inhibition. Some of the hybrids can serve as leads to obtain novel chemotypes of Hsp90 inhibitors. The methods reported here may expand the range of known structural types accommodated by the ATP binding site of Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Jia
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ke Guo
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Fen Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Zhe Huang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yang Pan
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Bahidja Cherfaoui
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Peng Sun
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Qi-Dong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China tel/fax: +86 025 83271216; +86 025 83271351. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
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19
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20
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Ferreira JP, Silva VL, Elguero J, Silva AM. Synthesis of new pyrazole-1,2,3-triazole dyads. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Taldone T, Patel PD, Patel M, Patel HJ, Evans CE, Rodina A, Ochiana S, Shah SK, Uddin M, Gewirth D, Chiosis G. Experimental and structural testing module to analyze paralogue-specificity and affinity in the Hsp90 inhibitors series. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6803-18. [PMID: 23965125 DOI: 10.1021/jm400619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We here describe the first reported comprehensive analysis of Hsp90 paralogue affinity and selectivity in the clinical Hsp90 inhibitor chemotypes. This has been possible through the development of a versatile experimental assay based on a new FP-probe (16a) that we both describe here. The assay can test rapidly and accurately the binding affinity of all major Hsp90 chemotypes and has a testing range that spans low nanomolar to millimolar binding affinities. We couple this assay with a computational analysis that allows for rationalization of paralogue selectivity and defines not only the major binding modes that relay pan-paralogue binding or, conversely, paralogue selectivity, but also identifies molecular characteristics that impart such features. The methods developed here provide a blueprint for parsing out the contribution of the four Hsp90 paralogues to the perceived biological activity with the current Hsp90 chemotypes and set the ground for the development of paralogue selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10021, United States
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22
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Meiby E, Simmonite H, le Strat L, Davis B, Matassova N, Moore JD, Mrosek M, Murray J, Hubbard RE, Ohlson S. Fragment Screening by Weak Affinity Chromatography: Comparison with Established Techniques for Screening against HSP90. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6756-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400715t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Meiby
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82
Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | - Loic le Strat
- Vernalis, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Davis
- Vernalis, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael Mrosek
- Vernalis, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, United Kingdom
| | - James Murray
- Vernalis, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick E. Hubbard
- Vernalis, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, United Kingdom
- YSBL, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Sten Ohlson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82
Kalmar, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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23
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Lu C, Liu D, Jin J, Deokar H, Zhang Y, Buolamwini JK, Yu X, Yan C, Chen X. Inhibition of gastric tumor growth by a novel Hsp90 inhibitor. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1246-56. [PMID: 23415900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone engaging in multiple cellular signaling by stabilizing oncoproteins (e.g. Akt and c-Raf) in tumor cells. Whereas Hsp90 inhibitors such as 17-AAG exert promising antitumor effects in clinical trials, current efforts focus on developing agents targeting Hsp90 with improved efficacy and lower toxicity. Using a fluorescence polarization assay, we screened over a hundred of synthetic small molecules and identified a resorcinol derivative LD053 that bound the Hsp90 ATP-binding pocket. The binding of LD053 to Hsp90 dissociated the co-chaperone protein cdc37 from Hsp90, resulting in destabilization of Akt and c-Raf and subsequent inhibition of PI3K/Akt and c-Raf/Mek/Erk signaling in BGC823 gastric cancer cells. As a consequence, LD053 decreased cancer cell viability and induced apoptosis evidenced by increased subG0/G1 cell population and increased cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP. Interestingly, normal human cells appeared insensitive to LD053 treatments. Consistent with its in vitro anticancer activities, LD053 significantly inhibited growth of BGC823 xenografts in nude mice without apparent body weight loss. These results thus demonstrate that LD053 is a novel Hsp90 inhibitor and has potential to be used to treat gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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24
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Chang DJ, An H, Kim KS, Kim HH, Jung J, Lee JM, Kim NJ, Han YT, Yun H, Lee S, Lee G, Lee S, Lee JS, Cha JH, Park JH, Park JW, Lee SC, Kim SG, Kim JH, Lee HY, Kim KW, Suh YG. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Deguelin-Based Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Inhibitors Targeting Proliferation and Angiogenesis. J Med Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301488q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jo Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Kyoung-suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jinkyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Geumwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seungbeom Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ju Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Su-Chan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight
against Angiogenesis-Related
Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology,
College
of Medicine, Seoul National University,
Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
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25
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Tamayo D, Muñoz JF, Torres I, Almeida AJ, Restrepo A, McEwen JG, Hernández O. Involvement of the 90 kDa heat shock protein during adaptation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis to different environmental conditions. Fungal Genet Biol 2012. [PMID: 23207691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HSP90 is a molecular chaperone that participates in folding, stabilization, activation, and assembly of several proteins, all of which are key regulators in cell signaling. In dimorphic pathogenic fungi such as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the adaptation to a higher temperature, acid pH and oxidative stress, is an essential event for fungal survival and also for the establishing of the infectious process. To further understand the role of this protein, we used antisense RNA technology to generate a P. brasiliensis isolate with reduced PbHSP90 gene expression (PbHSP90-aRNA). Reduced expression of HSP90 decreased yeast cell viability during batch culture growth and increased susceptibility to acid pH environments and imposed oxidative stress. Also, PbHSP90-aRNA yeast cells presented reduced viability upon interaction with macrophages. The findings presented here suggest a protective role for HSP90 during adaptation to hostile environments, one that promotes survival of the fungus during host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tamayo
- Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
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26
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Ndolo RA, Luan Y, Duan S, Forrest ML, Krise JP. Lysosomotropic properties of weakly basic anticancer agents promote cancer cell selectivity in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49366. [PMID: 23145164 PMCID: PMC3492287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug distribution in cells is a fundamentally important, yet often overlooked, variable in drug efficacy. Many weakly basic anticancer agents accumulate extensively in the acidic lysosomes of normal cells through ion trapping. Lysosomal trapping reduces the activity of anticancer drugs, since anticancer drug targets are often localized in the cell cytosol or nucleus. Some cancer cells have defective acidification of lysosomes, which causes a redistribution of trapped drugs from the lysosomes to the cytosol. We have previously established that such differences in drug localization between normal and cancer cells can contribute to the apparent selectivity of weakly basic drugs to cancer cells in vitro. In this work, we tested whether this intracellular distribution-based drug selectivity could be optimized based on the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of the drug, which is one of the determinants of lysosomal sequestration capacity. We synthesized seven weakly basic structural analogs of the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GDA) with pKa values ranging from 5 to 12. The selectivity of each analog was expressed by taking ratios of anti-proliferative IC50 values of the inhibitors in normal fibroblasts to the IC50 values in human leukemic HL-60 cells. Similar selectivity assessments were performed in a pair of cancer cell lines that differed in lysosomal pH as a result of siRNA-mediated alteration of vacuolar proton ATPase subunit expression. Optimal selectivity was observed for analogs with pKa values near 8. Similar trends were observed with commercial anticancer agents with varying weakly basic pKa values. These evaluations advance our understanding of how weakly basic properties can be optimized to achieve maximum anticancer drug selectivity towards cancer cells with defective lysosomal acidification in vitro. Additional in vivo studies are needed to examine the utility of this approach for enhancing selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A. Ndolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Yepeng Luan
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - M. Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P. Krise
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Targeting conserved water molecules: Design of 4-aryl-5-cyanopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Hsp90 inhibitors using fragment-based screening and structure-based optimization. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6770-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Co-crystalization and in vitro biological characterization of 5-aryl-4-(5-substituted-2-4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole Hsp90 inhibitors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44642. [PMID: 22984537 PMCID: PMC3439374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential therapeutic strategy for targeting cancer that has gained much interest is the inhibition of the ATP binding and ATPase activity of the molecular chaperone Hsp90. We have determined the structure of the human Hsp90α N-terminal domain in complex with a series of 5-aryl-4-(5-substituted-2-4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazoles. The structures provide the molecular details for the activity of these inhibitors. One of these inhibitors, ICPD 34, causes a structural change that affects a mobile loop, which adopts a conformation similar to that seen in complexes with ADP, rather than the conformation generally seen with the pyrazole/isoxazole-resorcinol class of inhibitors. Competitive binding to the Hsp90 N-terminal domain was observed in a biochemical assay, and these compounds showed antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis in the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line. These inhibitors also caused induction of the heat shock response with the upregulation of Hsp72 and Hsp27 protein expression and the depletion of Hsp90 clients, CRAF, ERBB2 and CDK4, thus confirming that antiproliferative activity was through the inhibition of Hsp90. The presence of increased levels of the cleavage product of PARP indicated apoptosis in response to Hsp90 inhibitors. This work provides a framework for the further optimization of thiadiazole inhibitors of Hsp90. Importantly, we demonstrate that the thiadiazole inhibitors display a more limited core set of interactions relative to the clinical trial candidate NVP-AUY922, and consequently may be less susceptible to resistance derived through mutations in Hsp90.
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29
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Qian J, Holskin BP, Theroff J, Underiner T, Meyer SL, Angeles TS. Improvement of inhibitor identification for heat shock protein 90α by utilizing a red-shifted fluorescence polarization probe. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2012; 10:375-81. [PMID: 22428803 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2011.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein-90 (HSP90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone with intrinsic ATPase activity. HSP90 is required for the stability and function of client proteins, many of which are involved in oncogenesis. Thus, identification of HSP90 inhibitors would potentially lead to the discovery of cancer therapeutics. Here, we present a high-throughput screening campaign utilizing two geldanamycin (GM)-labeled probes in a fluorescence polarization (FP) assay. For the primary screen, a previously reported green BODIPY-labeled GM (GM-BODIPY) was used to evaluate a library collection of about 400,000 compounds. From this screen, 3058 compounds showed >30% inhibition. To distinguish true positives from compound interference, a confirmatory screen was deemed necessary. Accordingly, a red-shifted FP binding assay was developed using GM labeled with red BODIPY. This tool enabled reliable identification of promising HSP90α inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qian
- Lead Discovery and Profiling, Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, USA.
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30
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Al-Sha'er MA, Taha MO. Application of docking-based comparative intermolecular contacts analysis to validate Hsp90α docking studies and subsequent in silico screening for inhibitors. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4843-63. [PMID: 22707278 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (Hsp90α) has been recently implicated in cancer, prompting several attempts to discover and optimize new Hsp90α inhibitors. Towards this end, we docked 83 diverse Hsp90α inhibitors into the ATP-binding site of this chaperone using several docking-scoring settings. Subsequently, we applied our newly developed computational tool--docking-based comparative intramolecular contacts analysis (dbCICA)--to assess the different docking conditions and select the best settings. dbCICA is based on the number and quality of contacts between docked ligands and amino acid residues within the binding pocket. It assesses a particular docking configuration based on its ability to align a set of ligands within a corresponding binding pocket in such a way that potent ligands come into contact with binding site spots distinct from those approached by low-affinity ligands, and vice versa. The optimal dbCICA models were translated into valid pharmacophore models that were used as 3D search queries to mine the National Cancer Institute's structural database for new inhibitors of Hsp90α that could potentially be used as anticancer agents. The process culminated in 15 micromolar Hsp90α ATPase inhibitors.
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31
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Piaz FD, Malafronte N, Romano A, Gallotta D, Belisario MA, Bifulco G, Gualtieri MJ, Sanogo R, Tommasi ND, Pisano C. Structural characterization of tetranortriterpenes from Pseudrocedrela kotschyi and Trichilia emetica and study of their activity towards the chaperone Hsp90. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 75:78-89. [PMID: 22226245 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of roots extracts Pseudrocedrela kotschyi and Trichilia emetica led to identification of 5 limonoid derivatives, Kotschyins D-H, and 11 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments in conjunction with mass spectrometry. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) approach was adopted to screen their Hsp90 binding capability and kotschyin D showed a significant affinity for the chaperone. Therefore, the characterization of the biological activity of kotschyin D by means of a panel of chemical and biological approaches, including limited proteolysis, molecular docking and biochemical and cellular assays, was performed. Our result indicated this compound as a type of client selective Hsp90 inhibitor, directly binding to the middle domain of the protein and possibly preventing its interaction with the activator of Hsp90 ATPase 1 (Aha1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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32
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Swuec P, Barlow DJ. Prediction of inhibitory activities of Hsp90 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:408-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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33
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Day JEH, Sharp SY, Rowlands MG, Aherne W, Hayes A, Raynaud FI, Lewis W, Roe SM, Prodromou C, Pearl LH, Workman P, Moody CJ. Targeting the Hsp90 molecular chaperone with novel macrolactams. Synthesis, structural, binding, and cellular studies. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1339-47. [PMID: 21932796 DOI: 10.1021/cb200196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of resorcylic acid macrolactams, nitrogen analogues of the naturally occurring macrolactone radicicol, have been prepared by chemical synthesis and evaluated as inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), an emerging attractive target for novel cancer therapeutic agents. The synthesis involves, as key steps, ring opening of an isocoumarin intermediate, followed by a ring-closing metathesis reaction to form the macrocycle. Subsequent manipulation of the ester group into a range of amides allows access to a range of new macrolactams following deprotection of the two phenolic groups. These new resorcylic acid lactams exhibit metabolic stability greater than that of related lactone counterparts, while co-crystallization of three macrolactams with the N-terminal domain ATP site of Hsp90 confirms that they bind in a similar way to the natural product radicicol and to our previous synthetic lactone analogues. Interestingly, however, in the case of the N-benzylamide, additional binding to a hydrophobic pocket of the protein was observed. In biological assays, the new macrocyclic lactams exhibit a biological profile equivalent or superior to that of the related lactones and show the established molecular signature of Hsp90 inhibitors in human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. H. Day
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Swee Y. Sharp
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Martin G. Rowlands
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Wynne Aherne
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Angela Hayes
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - S. Mark Roe
- Section of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, U.K
| | - Chrisostomos Prodromou
- Section of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, U.K
| | - Laurence H. Pearl
- Section of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, U.K
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Moody
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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34
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O'Boyle NM, Knox AJS, Price TT, Williams DC, Zisterer DM, Lloyd DG, Meegan MJ. Lead identification of β-lactam and related imine inhibitors of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6055-68. [PMID: 21920765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 is an emerging target for oncology therapeutics. Inhibitors of this molecular chaperone, which is responsible for the maintenance of a number of oncogenic proteins, have shown promise in clinical trials and represent a new and exciting area in the treatment of cancer. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors have huge structural diversity, and here we present the lead identification of novel inhibitors based on β-lactam and imine templates. β-Lactam 5 and imines 12 and 18 exhibit binding to heat shock protein 90-α with IC(50) values of 5.6 μM, 14.5 μM, and 22.1 μM, respectively. The binding affinity displayed by these compounds positions them as lead compounds for the design of future inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 based on the β-lactam and imine templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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35
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Taldone T, Gomes-DaGama EM, Zong H, Sen S, Alpaugh ML, Zatorska D, Alonso-Sabadell R, Guzman ML, Chiosis G. Synthesis of purine-scaffold fluorescent probes for heat shock protein 90 with use in flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5347-52. [PMID: 21802945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent ligands for the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) were synthesized containing either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 4-nitrobenzo[1,2,5]oxadiazole (NBD) or the red shifted dye sulforhodamine 101 (Texas Red) conjugated to PU-H71. Two of the compounds, PU-H71-FITC2 (9) and PU-H71-NBD1 (8), were shown to be suitable for fluorescence-activated flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Thus these molecules serve as useful probes for studying Hsp90 in heterogeneous live cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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36
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Pharmacophore based virtual screening, molecular docking studies to design potent heat shock protein 90 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2937-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Roughley SD, Hubbard RE. How Well Can Fragments Explore Accessed Chemical Space? A Case Study from Heat Shock Protein 90. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3989-4005. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roderick E. Hubbard
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6GB, U.K
- York Structural Biology Laboratory and Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
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38
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Benzoquinone ansamycin 17AAG binds to mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel and inhibits cell invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:4105-10. [PMID: 21368131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015181108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Geldanamycin and its derivative 17AAG [17-(Allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, telatinib] bind selectively to the Hsp90 chaperone protein and inhibit its function. We discovered that these drugs associate with mitochondria, specifically to the mitochondrial membrane voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) via a hydrophobic interaction that is independent of HSP90. In vitro, 17AAG functions as a Ca(2+) mitochondrial regulator similar to benzoquinone-ubiquinones like Ub0. All of these compounds increase intracellular Ca(2+) and diminish the plasma membrane cationic current, inhibiting urokinase activity and cell invasion. In contrast, the HSP90 inhibitor radicicol, lacking a bezoquinone moiety, has no measurable effect on cationic current and is less effective in influencing intercellular Ca(2+) concentration. We conclude that some of the effects of 17-AAG and other ansamycins are due to their effects on VDAC and that this may play a role in their clinical activity.
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39
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Al-Sha'er MA, Taha MO. Elaborate ligand-based modeling reveals new nanomolar heat shock protein 90α inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 50:1706-23. [PMID: 20831219 DOI: 10.1021/ci100222k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (Hsp90α) has been recently implicated in cancer prompting several attempts to discover and optimize new Hsp90α inhibitors. Toward this end, we explored the pharmacophoric space of 83 Hsp90α inhibitors using six diverse sets of inhibitors to identify high-quality pharmacophores. Subsequently, genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to select an optimal combination of pharmacophoric models and 2D physicochemical descriptors capable of accessing a self-consistent quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) of optimal predictive potential (r(67)(2)=0.811, F 42.8, r(LOO)(2)=0.748, r(PRESS)(2) (against 16 external test inhibitors) = 0.619). Three orthogonal pharmacophores emerged in the QSAR equation suggesting the existence of at least three binding modes accessible to ligands within the Hsp90α binding pocket. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis established the validity of QSAR-selected pharmacophores. We employed the pharmacophoric models and associated QSAR equation to screen the national cancer institute (NCI) list of compounds and our in-house-built drugs and agrochemicals database (DAC). Twenty-five nanomolar and low micromolar Hsp90α inhibitors were identified. The most potent were formoterol, amodaquine, primaquine, and midodrine with IC(50) values of 3, 5, 6, and 20 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Al-Sha'er
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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40
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Heeres JT, Hergenrother PJ. High-throughput screening for modulators of protein–protein interactions: use of photonic crystal biosensors and complementary technologies. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4398-410. [DOI: 10.1039/b923660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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41
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Roughley S, Wright L, Brough P, Massey A, Hubbard RE. Hsp90 Inhibitors and Drugs from Fragment and Virtual Screening. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 317:61-82. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Zhang Y, Gilliam A, Maitra R, Damaj MI, Tajuba JM, Seltzman HH, Thomas BF. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bivalent ligands for the cannabinoid 1 receptor. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7048-60. [PMID: 20845959 DOI: 10.1021/jm1006676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dimerization or oligomerization of many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, is now widely accepted and may have significant implications for medications development targeting these receptor complexes. A library of bivalent ligands composed of two identical CB1 antagonist pharmacophores derived from SR141716 linked by spacers of various lengths were developed. The affinities of these bivalent ligands at CB1 and CB2 receptors were determined using radiolabeled binding assays. Their functional activities were measured using GTP-γ-S accumulation and intracellular calcium mobilization assays. The results suggest that the nature of the linker and its length are crucial factors for optimum interactions of these ligands at CB1 receptor binding sites. Finally, selected bivalent ligands (5d and 7b) were able to attenuate the antinociceptive effects of the cannabinoid agonist CP55,940 (21) in a rodent tail-flick assay. These novel compounds may serve as probes that will enable further characterization of CB1 receptor dimerization and oligomerization and its functional significance and may prove useful in the development of new therapeutic approaches to G-protein-coupled receptor mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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43
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Tillotson B, Slocum K, Coco J, Whitebread N, Thomas B, West KA, MacDougall J, Ge J, Ali JA, Palombella VJ, Normant E, Adams J, Fritz CC. Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) inhibitor occupancy is a direct determinant of client protein degradation and tumor growth arrest in vivo. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:39835-43. [PMID: 20940293 PMCID: PMC3000965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.141580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) inhibitors are currently under clinical evaluation as anticancer agents. However, the correlation between the duration and magnitude of Hsp90 inhibition and the downstream effects on client protein degradation and cancer cell growth inhibition has not been thoroughly investigated. To investigate the relationship between Hsp90 inhibition and cellular effects, we developed a method that measures drug occupancy on Hsp90 after treatment with the Hsp90 inhibitor IPI-504 in living cells and in tumor xenografts. In cells, we find the level of Hsp90 occupancy to be directly correlated with cell growth inhibition. At the molecular level, the relationship between Hsp90 occupancy and Hsp90 client protein degradation was examined for different client proteins. For sensitive Hsp90 clients (e.g. HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), client protein levels directly mirror Hsp90 occupancy at all time points after IPI-504 administration. For insensitive client proteins, we find that protein abundance matches Hsp90 occupancy only after prolonged incubation with drug. Additionally, we investigate the correlation between plasma pharmacokinetics (PK), tumor PK, pharmacodynamics (PD) (client protein degradation), tumor growth inhibition, and Hsp90 occupancy in a xenograft model of human cancer. Our results indicate Hsp90 occupancy to be a better predictor of PD than either plasma PK or tumor PK. In the nonsmall cell lung cancer xenograft model studied, a linear correlation between Hsp90 occupancy and tumor growth inhibition was found. This novel binding assay was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo and could be used as a pharmacodynamic readout in the clinic.
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44
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Day J, Sharp S, Rowlands M, Aherne W, Lewis W, Roe S, Prodromou C, Pearl L, Workman P, Moody C. Inhibition of Hsp90 with Resorcylic Acid Macrolactones: Synthesis and Binding Studies. Chemistry 2010; 16:10366-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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45
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Giommarelli C, Zuco V, Favini E, Pisano C, Dal Piaz F, De Tommasi N, Zunino F. The enhancement of antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of HDAC inhibitors by curcumin is mediated by Hsp90 inhibition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:995-1004. [PMID: 20039095 PMCID: PMC11115870 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, has been described to exhibit effects on signaling pathways, leading to induction of apoptosis. In this study, we observed that curcumin inhibited Hsp90 activity causing depletion of client proteins implicated in survival pathways. Based on this observation, this study was designed to investigate the cellular effects of curcumin combination with the pan-HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat and panobinostat, which induce hyperacetylation of Hsp90, resulting in inhibition of its chaperone function. The results showed that, at subtoxic concentrations, curcumin markedly sensitized tumor cells to vorinostat- and panobinostat-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. The sensitization was associated with persistent depletion of Hsp90 client proteins (EGFR, Raf-1, Akt, and survivin). In conclusion, our findings document a novel mechanism of action of curcumin and support the therapeutic potential of curcumin/HDAC inhibitors combination, because the synergistic interaction was observed at pharmacologically achievable concentrations, which were ineffective when each drug was used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giommarelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuco
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Favini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, 84100 Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Franco Zunino
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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46
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Rowlands M, McAndrew C, Prodromou C, Pearl L, Kalusa A, Jones K, Workman P, Aherne W. Detection of the ATPase activity of the molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp72 using the TranscreenerTM ADP assay kit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:279-86. [PMID: 20147598 DOI: 10.1177/1087057109360253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is required for the correct folding and stability of a number of client proteins that are important for the growth and maintenance of cancer cells. Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72), a co-chaperone of Hsp90, is also emerging as an attractive cancer drug target. Both proteins bind and hydrolyze adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and ATPase activity is essential for their function. Inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity leads to the degradation of client proteins, resulting in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Several small-molecule inhibitors of the ATPase activity of Hsp90 have been described and are currently being evaluated clinically for the treatment of cancer. A number of methods for the measurement of ATPase activity have been previously used, but not all of these are ideally suited to screening cascades in drug discovery projects. The authors have evaluated the use of commercial reagents (Transcreener ADP) for the measurement of ATPase activity of both yeast and human Hsp90 (ATP K(m) approximately 500 microM) and human Hsp72 (ATP K(m) ~1 microM). The low ATPase activity of human Hsp90 and its stimulation by the co-chaperone Aha1 was measured with ease using reduced incubation times, generating robust data (Z' = 0.75). The potency of several small-molecule inhibitors of both Hsp90 and Hsp72 was determined using the Transcreener reagents and compared well to that determined using other assay formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rowlands
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Day J, Sharp S, Rowlands M, Aherne W, Workman P, Moody C. Targeting the Hsp90 Chaperone: Synthesis of Novel Resorcylic Acid Macrolactone Inhibitors of Hsp90. Chemistry 2010; 16:2758-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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48
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Brough PA, Barril X, Borgognoni J, Chene P, Davies NGM, Davis B, Drysdale MJ, Dymock B, Eccles SA, Garcia-Echeverria C, Fromont C, Hayes A, Hubbard RE, Jordan AM, Jensen MR, Massey A, Merrett A, Padfield A, Parsons R, Radimerski T, Raynaud FI, Robertson A, Roughley SD, Schoepfer J, Simmonite H, Sharp SY, Surgenor A, Valenti M, Walls S, Webb P, Wood M, Workman P, Wright L. Combining hit identification strategies: fragment-based and in silico approaches to orally active 2-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4794-809. [PMID: 19610616 DOI: 10.1021/jm900357y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone are showing considerable promise as potential molecular therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Here we describe novel 2-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine ATP competitive Hsp90 inhibitors, which were designed by combining structural elements of distinct low affinity hits generated from fragment-based and in silico screening exercises in concert with structural information from X-ray protein crystallography. Examples from this series have high affinity (IC50 = 50-100 nM) for Hsp90 as measured in a fluorescence polarization (FP) competitive binding assay and are active in human cancer cell lines where they inhibit cell proliferation and exhibit a characteristic profile of depletion of oncogenic proteins and concomitant elevation of Hsp72. Several examples (34a, 34d and 34i) caused tumor growth regression at well tolerated doses when administered orally in a human BT474 human breast cancer xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Brough
- Vernalis Ltd., Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GB, UK.
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49
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Biamonte MA, Van de Water R, Arndt JW, Scannevin RH, Perret D, Lee WC. Heat Shock Protein 90: Inhibitors in Clinical Trials. J Med Chem 2009; 53:3-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9004708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Perret
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San Diego, California 92122
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50
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Knox AJS, Price T, Pawlak M, Golfis G, Flood CT, Fayne D, Williams DC, Meegan MJ, Lloyd DG. Integration of ligand and structure-based virtual screening for the identification of the first dual targeting agent for heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and tubulin. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2177-80. [PMID: 19331414 DOI: 10.1021/jm801569z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the discovery of a novel indazole-based scaffold that represents the "first-in-class" dual Hsp90/tubulin binding compound. Individual known ligands for both targets shared similar 3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl cores, and from this it was hypothesized that application of an integrated ligand and structure-based virtual screening (VS) workflow could yield a single scaffold with dual binding affinity. Following validation of the VS protocol, we successfully identified a novel dual inhibitor, sourced from a commercial screening collection of 160 000 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J S Knox
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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