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Jaffarali M, Hall A. Transcriptional regulation of protein S gene. HAMDAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/hmj.hmj_49_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bouhaddioui W, Provost PR, Tremblay Y. CYP21A2 expression is localized in the developing distal epithelium of the human perinatal lung and is compatible with in situ production and intracrine actions of active glucocorticoids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:12-9. [PMID: 27004467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids play essential roles in lung development. We investigated for expression of CYP21A2 (21-hydroxylase) as well as for the presence of the corresponding protein and identification of CYP21A2-expressing cells in several human developing lungs. Expression of some related genes was also assessed. CYP21A2 and CYP17A1 (P450c17) mRNAs were found in all the 34 lung samples from 17 to 40 weeks' gestation at variable levels. No correlation was found according to sex but a correlation with age was detected for CYP17A1 only. In contrast, CYP11B1 (11β-hydroxylase)- and CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase)-mRNAs were not detected. Significant levels of the CYP21A2 protein were detected in all the analyzed samples, while only very low signals were detected for CYP17A1 protein. In situ hybridization revealed that CYP21A2 was almost exclusively expressed in the distal epithelium. It was reported that the lung distal epithelium of human fetuses also express 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which catalyzes cortisol inactivation into cortisone. Based on this information, intracrine glucocorticoid actions should take place from CYP21A2 products through the glucocorticoid receptor in the absence of cortisol. In contrast, mineralocorticoid receptor activation did not seem to depend on deoxycorticosterone produced from local activity of CYP21A2 because of the reported circulating amounts of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafae Bouhaddioui
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre R Provost
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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GPER1-mediated immunomodulation and neuroprotection in the myenteric plexus of a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:99-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Bouhaddioui W, Provost PR, Tremblay Y. Identification of most stable endogenous control genes for microRNA quantification in the developing mouse lung. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111855. [PMID: 25368994 PMCID: PMC4219792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non coding RNAs acting as negative regulators. miRNA are involved in lung development and pulmonary diseases. Measurement of their levels by qPCR is directly influenced by the stability of normalization gene(s), which can be affected by the experimental conditions. The developing lung is a changing tissue and one normalization gene showing stability on one developmental day may be modulated over time. Moreover, some developmental events are affected by sex, which also has to be considered. In this study, we compared stability of five putative control genes in the lung between sexes from the pseudoglandular to the alveolar stages and in adult lungs. Expression of sno135, sno142, sno202, sno234, and sno251 was studied by qPCR in male and female lung samples collected at seven time points from GD 15.5 to PN 30. Cq values of sno251 showed the highest variation across the different developmental stages, while sno234 was the most stable gene. Gene expression stability was studied by geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. Our data showed that ranking of genes based on expression stability changed according to developmental time and sex. sno135/sno234 and sno142/sno234 were proposed as best combinations of normalization genes when both sexes and all the studied developmental stages are considered. Normalization of let7-a RNA levels with different pairs of control genes proposed by geNorm and NormFinder gave similar data, while the use of less stable genes introduced a statistically significant difference on PN 0. In conclusion, variations in stability of normalization gene expression are observed over time and according to sex during lung development. Best pairs of normalization genes are presented for specific developmental stages, and for the period extending from the pseudoglandular to the alveolar stages. The use of normalization genes selected for their expression stability is essential in lung development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafae Bouhaddioui
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre R. Provost
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Boucher E, Provost PR, Tremblay Y. Ontogeny of adrenal-like glucocorticoid synthesis pathway and of 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the mouse lung. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:119. [PMID: 24580729 PMCID: PMC3944916 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids exert recognized positive effects on lung development. The genes involved in the classical pathway of glucocorticoid synthesis normally occurring in adrenals were found to be expressed on gestation day (GD) 15.5 in the developing mouse lung. Recently, expression of two of these genes was also detected on GD 17.5 suggesting a more complex temporal regulation than previously expected. Here, we deepen the knowledge on expression of "adrenal" glucocorticoid synthesis genes in the mouse lung during the perinatal period and we also study expression of the gene encoding for the steroid inactivating enzyme 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD). RESULTS We performed an ontogenic study of P450scc, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase 1 (3β-HSD1), 21-hydroxylase, 11β-hydroxylase, 11β-HSD1, and 11β-HSD2 expression up to post natal day (PN) 15. The substrate (progesterone) and the product (deoxycorticosterone) of 21-hydroxylase are substrates of 20α-HSD, thus 20α-HSD (Akr1c18) gene expression was investigated. In lung samples collected between GD 15.5 and PN 15, 11β-hydroxylase was only detected on GD 15.5. In contrast, all the other tested genes were expressed throughout the analyzed period with different temporal expression patterns. P450scc, 21-hydroxylase, 20α-HSD and 11β-HSD2 mRNA levels increased after birth with different patterns including an increase from PN 3 with a possible sex difference for 21-hydroxylase mRNA. Also, the 21-hydroxylase protein was observed by Western blot in perinatal lungs with higher levels after birth. CONCLUSION Progesterone is present at high levels during gestation and the product of 21-hydroxylase, deoxycorticosterone, can bind the glucocorticoid receptor with an affinity close to that of corticosterone. Detection of 21-hydroxylase at the protein level during antenatal lung development is the first evidence that the adrenal-like glucocorticoid synthesis pathway detected during lung development has the machinery to produce glucocorticoids in the fetal lung. Glucocorticoids from lung 21-hydroxylase appear to modulate lung ontogenesis through paracrine/intracrine actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yves Tremblay
- Reproduction, mother and youth health, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Simard M, Drolet R, Blomquist CH, Tremblay Y. Human type 2 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in umbilical vein and artery endothelial cells: differential inactivation of sex steroids according to the vessel type. Endocrine 2011; 40:203-11. [PMID: 21877158 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The human placenta produces high amounts of estradiol. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17βHSD2) is expressed by placental endothelial cells and was proposed to regulate sex hormone levels. Previous results obtained in term placenta suggested that 17βHSD2 expression and activity differ among umbilical cord vessels. In this study, 17βHSD2 expression level and enzymatic activity, and estrogen receptor α and β expression levels, were measured in endothelial cell cultures from umbilical arteries (HUAEC) and vein (HUVEC) using real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, and radiolabeled steroids. 17βHSD2-specific activities were also measured in proximal and distal segments of freshly isolated umbilical cord arteries and vein. 17βHSD2 mRNA level and activity were higher in HUAEC than in HUVEC. Activity was higher in umbilical arteries than in the umbilical vein. In arteries, enzymatic activity was higher near the placenta, suggesting a gradient of expression. No difference was found in ERα expression, whereas ERβ was expressed at a higher level in HUAEC than in HUVEC. Expression profiles of estrogen receptors and 17βHSD2 suggest a vessel type-specific response to estrogens. Our data support a differential modulation of biologically active sex steroid levels according to the vessel type in the foeto-placental unit, with apparent higher inactivation in the arterial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Simard
- Reproduction, Perinatal Health, and Child Health Axis, CHUQ Research Center, 2705 Laurier Blvd., Rm T-1-49, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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Provost PR, Tremblay Y. Elevated expression of four apolipoprotein genes during the 32-35 week gestation window in the human developing lung. Early Hum Dev 2010; 86:529-34. [PMID: 20675083 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-expression of four apolipoproteins with a sex difference was observed in the mouse developing lung with an increase during the day of the surge of surfactant synthesis and a causal relationship was proposed. AIMS To determine whether these apolipoproteins and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are expressed in the human fetal lung. To compare the distribution patterns of apoC-II and LPL proteins at different developmental ages. STUDY DESIGN Real-time PCR with RNA samples and immunohistochemistry with tissues from lungs of fetuses deceased between 19 and 40 weeks' pregnancy. RESULTS Elevated apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apoA-II, apoC-II, and apoH expression was observed only during a short gestation time window from 32 to 35 weeks' gestation. LPL was expressed at relatively constant levels over gestation time. The gene encoding for the essential co-factor of LPL, apoC-II, was expressed at similar levels than LPL gene only during the 32-35 week gestation window. ApoC-II and LPL protein distribution vary according to gestation time, with obvious co-localization in capillaries at 32 weeks' gestation, but not in samples collected at 22-24 weeks' gestation. CONCLUSIONS ApoA-I, apoA-II, apoC-II, and apoH genes are expressed with a human-specific narrow peak of elevated expression in late gestation. Specific and developmental time-dependent distribution profiles were observed for apoC-II and LPL proteins. The 32-35 weeks' gestation window, where high levels of expression of apolipoproteins and co-localization of apoC-II and LPL protein were observed, correlates with the reported decrease in the incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) consequently to the surge of surfactant synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre R Provost
- Reproduction Axis, Perinatal and Child Health, Room T-1-49, CHUQ Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Cho BA, Cho NH, Min CK, Kim SY, Yang JS, Lee JR, Jung JW, Lee WC, Kim K, Lee MK, Kim S, Kim KP, Seong SY, Choi MS, Kim IS. Global gene expression profile of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Proteomics 2010; 10:1699-715. [PMID: 20186754 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of Scrub typhus. The control mechanisms for bacterial gene expression are largely unknown. Here, the global gene expression of O. tsutsugamushi within eukaryotic cells was examined using a microarray and proteomic approaches for the first time. These approaches identified 643 genes, corresponding to approximately 30% of the genes encoded in the genome. The majority of expressed genes belonged to several functional categories including protein translation, protein processing/secretion, and replication/repair. We also searched the conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) in the O. tsutsugamushi genome which is unique in that up to 40% of its genome consists of dispersed repeated sequences. Although extensive shuffling of genomic sequences was observed between two different strains, 204 CSBs, covering 48% of the genome, were identified. When combining the data of CSBs and global gene expression, the CSBs correlates well with the location of expressed genes, suggesting the functional conservation between gene expression and genomic location. Finally, we compared the gene expression of the bacteria-infected fibroblasts and macrophages using microarray analysis. Some major changes were the downregulation of genes involved in translation, protein processing and secretion, which correlated with the reduction in bacterial translation rates and growth within macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-A Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Tuomi JM, Voorbraak F, Jones DL, Ruijter JM. Bias in the Cq value observed with hydrolysis probe based quantitative PCR can be corrected with the estimated PCR efficiency value. Methods 2010; 50:313-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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