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Kim S, Jeon K, Choi H, Jeong DE, Kang JG, Cho NH. Comparative analysis of the efficacy of vaccines using structural protein subunits of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348276. [PMID: 38567080 PMCID: PMC10985320 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) represents a significant emerging health threat as a tick-borne pathogen that causes SFTS, with mortality rates ranging between 10 and 30%. Despite the considerable risk presented by SFTSV, an effective vaccine has yet to be developed. Our study assessed the efficacy of recombinant protein vaccines, focusing on the purified nucleocapsid protein (NP) and surface glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), against SFTSV in both singular and combined formulations. Individual vaccinations with NP or Gn subunits yielded partial protection in type I interferon receptor-knockout (IFNAR-KO) mice, with survival rates of 66.7 and 16.7%, respectively, whereas Gc vaccination did not confer significant protection, resulting in 100% mortality similar to that of the unvaccinated control group. Notably, NP vaccination substantially enhanced antigen-specific T cell responses, and Gc vaccination exhibited strong neutralizing activity against SFTSV. Among the combined recombinant protein formulations (Gn + NP, Gc + NP, and Gn + Gc + NP) tested, the Gc + NP combination provided the highest survival rate (85.7%) following challenge with a lethal dose of SFTSV, highlighting its potential as a vaccine candidate. Longitudinal studies showed that antibody levels in both wild type C57BL/6 and IFNAR-KO mice peaked between 2 and 3 months post-vaccination and declined over time. A notable decrease in NP-specific CD8+ T cell responses was observed 6 months post-vaccination in C57BL/6 mice, while NP-specific CD4+ T cell responses persisted up to 12 months. By 12 months post-vaccination, all IFNAR-KO mice vaccinated with single subunit antigens succumbed to the virus, suggesting that effective protection against SFTS may rely on antibody responses to subunit antigens and/or CD8+ T cell activity. These findings underscore the necessity of an optimized SFTS vaccine that combines protective antigens with an adjuvant system to ensure durable humoral and cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooncheol Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Kim Y, Jeon S, Park U, Kang JI, Jeon K, Kim HR, Oh S, Rhee JY, Choi JP, Park WB, Park SW, Yang JS, Lee JY, Kang J, Shin HS, Kim Y, Kim S, Kim YS, Lim DG, Cho NH. Rise in broadly cross-reactive adaptive immunity against human β-coronaviruses in MERS-recovered patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk6425. [PMID: 38416834 PMCID: PMC10901372 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
To develop a universal coronavirus (CoV) vaccine, long-term immunity against multiple CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and future CoV strains, is crucial. Following the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak, we conducted a long-term follow-up study and found that although neutralizing antibodies and memory T cells against MERS-CoV declined over 5 years, some recovered patients exhibited increased antibody levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. This likely resulted from cross-reactive immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines or infections. A significant correlation in antibody responses across various CoVs indicates shared immunogenic epitopes. Two epitopes-the spike protein's stem helix and intracellular domain-were highly immunogenic after MERS-CoV infection and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection. In addition, memory T cell responses, especially polyfunctional CD4+ T cells, were enhanced during the pandemic, correlating significantly with MERS-CoV spike-specific antibodies and neutralizing activity. Therefore, incorporating these cross-reactive and immunogenic epitopes into pan-CoV vaccine formulations may facilitate effective vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Il Kang
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhyeok Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Phil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul 02053, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Yang
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kang
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Shik Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Lim
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Park K, Kim K, Noh J, Kim SG, Yang E, Cho HK, Lee SH, No JS, Lee GY, Lee D, Song DH, Gu SH, Park MS, Cho NH, Jeong ST, Kim WK, Song JW. High-resolution phylogeographical surveillance of Hantaan orthohantavirus using rapid amplicon-based Flongle sequencing, Republic of Korea. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29346. [PMID: 38178580 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses, etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, pose a critical public health threat worldwide. Hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV) outbreaks are particularly endemic in Gyeonggi Province in northern area of the Republic of Korea (ROK). Small mammals were collected from three regions in the Gyeonggi Province during 2017 and 2018. Serological and molecular prevalence of HTNV was 25/201 (12.4%) and 10/25 (40%), respectively. A novel nanopore-based diagnostic assay using a cost-efficient Flongle chip was developed to rapidly and sensitively detect HTNV infection in rodent specimens within 3 h. A rapid phylogeographical surveillance of HTNV at high-resolution phylogeny was established using the amplicon-based Flongle sequencing. In total, seven whole-genome sequences of HTNV were newly obtained from wild rodents collected in Paju-si (Gaekhyeon-ri) and Yeoncheon-gun (Hyeonga-ri and Wangnim-ri), Gyeonggi Province. Phylogenetic analyses revealed well-supported evolutionary divergence and genetic diversity, enhancing the resolution of the phylogeographic map of orthohantaviruses in the ROK. Incongruences in phylogenetic patterns were identified among HTNV tripartite genomes, suggesting differential evolution for each segment. These findings provide crucial insights into on-site diagnostics, genome-based surveillance, and the evolutionary dynamics of orthohantaviruses to mitigate hantaviral outbreaks in HFRS-endemic areas in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijin Kim
- Centre for Infectious Disease Genomics and One Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juyoung Noh
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Song
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Jeon K, Park SI, Bang YJ, Park HJ, Kwak HW, Kim DH, Lee SY, Choi EJ, Cho NH, Nam JH. mRNA vaccine encoding Gn provides protection against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:167. [PMID: 37907507 PMCID: PMC10618158 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a promising mRNA vaccine against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus that is primarily transmitted through tick bites. Administration of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-Gn successfully induced neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses in mice. The vaccinated mice were protected against a lethal SFTS virus challenge, suggesting that this mRNA vaccine may be an effective and successful SFTS vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Bang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Park
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kwak
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Woo JK, Kim TG, Im NY, Son KY, Cho M, Jeong YJ, Hong JI, Kang B, Enkhtaivan G, Cho NH, Alain T, Park DG, Lee YS. Dual-Armed Oncolytic Myxoma Virus Encoding IFN-γ and CD47 Promotes Lymphocyte Infiltration and Tumor Suppression of Syngeneic Murine Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4703. [PMID: 37835397 PMCID: PMC10571683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxoma virus (MyxV) is a rabbit-specific poxvirus. However, its ability to selectively target tumor cells has established it as a safe and effective anticancer therapy. To strengthen its preclinical efficacy, transgenes that can prolong cancer cell infection and enhance anti-tumor effector functions are currently being investigated. We engineered MyxV armed with CD47, to turn on a 'do not eat me' signal within infected cells with actively replicating viruses, and with IFN-γ to further activate host immune anticancer responses. Tumor suppressive activities were significantly enhanced by the dual-armed MyxV_CD47/IFN-γ compared to parental MyxV or single-armed MyxV_CD47 or MyxV_IFN-γ. In addition, significant increases in IFN-γ+ CD8+T-cells and CD4+ T-cells populations within tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were observed after MyxV_CD47/IFN-γ treatment. Notably, all groups treated with MyxV showed a marked reduction in Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) within TIL. We also show that MyxV infection induces PD-L1 up-regulation in cancer cells, and combinational treatment of MyxV with anti-mouse PD-L1 antibodies (αPD-L1) further controlled tumor burden and increased survival in the syngeneic melanoma model B16F10. Our data demonstrate that a CD47 and IFNγ dual-armed MyxV is an effective oncolytic viral immunotherapeutic. These findings strongly support further preclinical investigations to develop next-generation MyxV-based immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kyu Woo
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geuk Kim
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Im
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka-Yeon Son
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyeon Cho
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Jeong
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Im Hong
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - BoRim Kang
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Gansukh Enkhtaivan
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tommy Alain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dong Guk Park
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Lee
- ViroCure, #502, Ace TwinTower 1, 285 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
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Lee K, Seok JH, Kim H, Park S, Lee S, Bae JY, Jeon K, Kang JG, Yoo JR, Heo ST, Cho NH, Lee KH, Kim K, Park MS, Kim JI. Genome-informed investigation of the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011630. [PMID: 37713429 PMCID: PMC10529592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a viral pathogen causing significant clinical signs from mild fever with thrombocytopenia to severe hemorrhages. World Health Organization has paid special attention to the dramatic increase in human SFTS cases in China, Japan, and South Korea since the 2010s. The present study investigated the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of SFTSVs using complete genomic sequences. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDING We collected the complete genome sequences of SFTSVs globally isolated until 2019 (L segment, n = 307; M segment, n = 326; and S segment, n = 564) and evaluated the evolutionary profiles of SFTSVs based on phylogenetic and molecular selection pressure analyses. By employing a time-scaled Bayesian inference method, we found the geographical heterogeneity of dominant SFTSV genotypes in China, Japan, and South Korea around several centuries before and locally spread by tick-born spillover with infrequent long-distance transmission. Purifying selection predominated the molecular evolution of SFTSVs with limited gene reassortment and fixed substitution, but almost all three gene segments appeared to harbor at least one amino acid residue under positive selection. Specifically, the nonstructural protein and glycoprotein (Gn/Gc) genes were preferential selective targets, and the Gn region retained the highest number of positively selected residues. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Here, the large-scale genomic analyses of SFTSVs improved prior knowledge of how this virus emerged and evolved in China, Japan, and South Korea. Our results highlight the importance of SFTSV surveillance in both human and non-human reservoirs at the molecular level to fight against fatal human infection with the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeen Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory for Vector Borne Disease, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Jeon K, Ro HJ, Kang JG, Jeong DE, Kim J, Lee Y, Yoon GY, Kang JI, Bae JY, Kim JI, Park MS, Lee KH, Cho HS, Kim Y, Cho NH. A natural variation in the RNA polymerase of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus enhances viral replication and in vivo virulence. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29099. [PMID: 37702580 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease with high mortality in Eastern Asia. The disease is caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), also known as Dabie bandavirus, which has a segmented RNA genome consisting of L, M, and S segments. Previous studies have suggested differential viral virulence depending on the genotypes of SFTSV; however, the critical viral factor involved in the differential viral virulence is unknown. Here, we found a significant difference in viral replication in vitro and virulence in vivo between two Korean isolates belonging to the F and B genotypes, respectively. By generating viral reassortants using the two viral strains, we demonstrated that the L segment, which encodes viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is responsible for the enhanced viral replication and virulence. Comparison of amino acid sequences and viral replication rates revealed a point variation, E251K, on the surface of RdRp to be the most significant determinant for the enhanced viral replication rate and in vivo virulence. The effect of the variation was further confirmed using recombinant SFTSV generated by reverse genetic engineering. Therefore, our results indicate that natural variations affecting the viral replicase activity could significantly contribute to the viral virulence of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Ro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joowan Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yebeen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Il Kang
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Innovation Center, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Innovation Center, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Innovation Center, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biology & Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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8
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Lee W, Lee S, Yoon JK, Lee D, Kim Y, Han YB, Kim R, Moon S, Park YJ, Park K, Cha B, Choi J, Kim J, Ha NY, Kim K, Cho S, Cho NH, Desai TJ, Chung JH, Lee JH, Kim JI. A single-cell atlas of in vitro multiculture systems uncovers the in vivo lineage trajectory and cell state in the human lung. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1831-1842. [PMID: 37582976 PMCID: PMC10474282 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an in-depth single-cell atlas of in vitro multiculture systems on human primary airway epithelium derived from normal and diseased lungs of 27 individual donors. Our large-scale single-cell profiling identified new cell states and differentiation trajectories of rare airway epithelial cell types in human distal lungs. By integrating single-cell datasets of human lung tissues, we discovered immune-primed subsets enriched in lungs and organoids derived from patients with chronic respiratory disease. To demonstrate the full potential of our platform, we further illustrate transcriptomic responses to various respiratory virus infections in vitro airway models. Our work constitutes a single-cell roadmap for the cellular and molecular characteristics of human primary lung cells in vitro and their relevance to human tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woochan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seyoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ki Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dakyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Bi Han
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Rokhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungji Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Park
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunghyuk Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bukyoung Cha
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwhanmien Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tushar J Desai
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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9
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Bang MS, Kim CM, Cho NH, Seo JW, Kim DY, Yun NR, Kim DM. Evaluation of humoral immune response in relation to COVID-19 severity over 1 year post-infection: critical cases higher humoral immune response than mild cases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203803. [PMID: 37545518 PMCID: PMC10401267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 until 1 year after symptom onset. Methods We collected 314 serum samples from 97 patients with COVID-19. Antibody responses were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to detect specific neutralizing antibodies. Results The positivity rates for neutralizing antibodies at a 1:10 titer cutoff were 58.1% at 1 week, 97.8% at 4 weeks, and 78% at 1 year after symptom onset (53.8% in asymptomatic patients and 89.3% in symptomatic patients). The IFA and anti-S1 ELISA IgG results significantly correlated with neutralizing antibody titers. Critical/fatal cases showed significantly higher antibody titers than the asymptomatic or mild-to-moderate illness groups. Nonetheless, the median number of days to the seroconversion of neutralizing antibodies was 10 and 15 in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, respectively. The asymptomatic group had a significantly higher neutralizing potency index than the mild-to-severe illness groups. Conclusions Neutralizing antibodies corresponded to earlier seroconversion but had a shorter presence in the asymptomatic group than in the symptomatic group and were still present 1 year after symptom onset in critical/fatal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Seon Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Park U, Cho NH. Erratum to: Protective and Pathogenic Role of Humoral Responses in COVID-19. J Microbiol 2023; 61:713. [PMID: 37530961 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kang SY, Yoo JR, Park Y, Kim SH, Heo ST, Park SH, Kim M, Kim TJ, Oh S, Lee MS, Kim JM, Cho NH, Lee KM, Lee KH. Fatal outcome of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and severe and critical COVID-19 is associated with the hyperproduction of IL-10 and IL-6 and the low production of TGF-β. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28894. [PMID: 37386895 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause the hyperproduction of inflammatory cytokines, which have pathological effects in patient including severe or fatal cytokine storms. To characterize the effect of SFTSV and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the production of cytokines in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and COVID-19 patients, we performed an analysis of cytokines in SFTS and COVID-19 patients and also investigated the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in vitro studies: lipopolysaccharide-induced THP-1-derived macrophages, SFTSV infection of THP-1 cells, and SARS-CoV-2 infection of THP-1 cells. In this study, we found that levels of both IL-10 and IL-6 were significantly elevated, the level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was significantly decreased and IL-10 was elevated earlier than IL-6 in severe and critical COVID-19 and fatal SFTS patients, and inhibition of IL-10 signaling decreased the production of IL-6 and elevated that of TGF-β. Therefore, the hyperproduction of IL-10 and IL-6 and the low production of TGF-β have been linked to cytokine storm-induced mortality in fatal SFTS and severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients and that IL-10 can play an important role in the host immune response to severe and critical SARS-CoV-2 and fatal SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Yejin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songhyeok Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung Mogg Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Kwak MS, Choi S, Kim J, Lee H, Park IH, Oh J, Mai DN, Cho NH, Nam KT, Shin JS. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces HMGB1 Secretion Through Post-Translational Modification and PANoptosis. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e26. [PMID: 37416931 PMCID: PMC10320423 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and cell death, leading to organ damage and mortality. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the damage-associated molecular patterns that can be secreted by pro-inflammatory stimuli, including viral infections, and its excessive secretion levels are related to a variety of inflammatory diseases. Here, the aim of the study was to show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced HMGB1 secretion via active and passive release. Active HMGB1 secretion was mediated by post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, and oxidation in HEK293E/ACE2-C-GFP and Calu-3 cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Passive release of HMGB1 has been linked to various types of cell death; however, we demonstrated for the first time that PANoptosis, which integrates other cell death pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is related to passive HMGB1 release during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, cytoplasmic translocation and extracellular secretion or release of HMGB1 were confirmed via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in the lung tissues of humans and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-overexpressing mice infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Sup Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seoyeon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jiseon Kim
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hoojung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - In Ho Park
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Duong Ngoc Mai
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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13
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Kim JY, Jeon K, Hong JJ, Park SI, Cho H, Park HJ, Kwak HW, Park HJ, Bang YJ, Lee YS, Bae SH, Kim SH, Hwang KA, Jung DI, Cho SH, Seo SH, Kim G, Oh H, Lee HY, Kim KH, Lim HY, Jeon P, Lee JY, Chung J, Lee SM, Ko HL, Song M, Cho NH, Lee YS, Hong SH, Nam JH. Heterologous vaccination utilizing viral vector and protein platforms confers complete protection against SFTSV. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8189. [PMID: 37210393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was first discovered in 2009 as the causative agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Despite its potential threat to public health, no prophylactic vaccine is yet available. This study developed a heterologous prime-boost strategy comprising priming with recombinant replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) expressing the surface glycoprotein, Gn, and boosting with Gn protein. This vaccination regimen induced balanced Th1/Th2 immune responses and resulted in potent humoral and T cell-mediated responses in mice. It elicited high neutralizing antibody titers in both mice and non-human primates. Transcriptome analysis revealed that rAd5 and Gn proteins induced adaptive and innate immune pathways, respectively. This study provides immunological and mechanistic insight into this heterologous regimen and paves the way for future strategies against emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Lab, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)/University of Science and Technology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonggon Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kwak
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Bang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyeon Bae
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Hwang
- Department of Research and Development, Genetree Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Im Jung
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoo Cho
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Seo
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Green Kim
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Lab, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)/University of Science and Technology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Lab, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)/University of Science and Technology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Lab, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)/University of Science and Technology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Lim
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institutes of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeonghwa Jeon
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institutes of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institutes of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Li Ko
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Manki Song
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Oh J, Park U, Kim J, Jeon K, Kim C, Cho NH, Choi YS. Enhancing immune protection against MERS-CoV: the synergistic effect of proteolytic cleavage sites and the fusion peptide and RBD domain targeting VLP immunization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201136. [PMID: 37275866 PMCID: PMC10235442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic infectious virus that has caused significant outbreaks in the Middle East and beyond. Due to a highly mortality rate, easy transmission, and rapid spread of the MERS-CoV, it remains as a significant public health treat. There is currently no licensed vaccine available to protect against MERS-CoV. Methods In this study, we investigated whether the proteolytic cleavage sites and fusion peptide domain of the MERS-CoV spike (S) protein could be a vaccine target to elicit the MERS-CoV S protein-specific antibody responses and confer immune protection against MERS-CoV infection. Our results demonstrate that immunization of the proteolytic cleavage sites and the fusion peptide domain using virus-like particle (VLP) induced the MERS-CoV S protein-specific IgG antibodies with capacity to neutralize pseudotyped MERS-CoV infection in vitro. Moreover, proteolytic cleavage sites and the fusion peptide VLP immunization showed a synergistic effect on the immune protection against MERS-CoV infection elicited by immunization with VLP expressing the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S protein. Additionally, immune evasion of MERS-CoV RBD variants from anti-RBD sera was significantly controlled by anti-proteolytic cleavage sites and the fusion peptide sera. Conclusion and discussion Our study demonstrates the potential of VLP immunization targeting the proteolytic cleavage sites and the fusion peptide and RBD domains of the MERS-CoV S protein for the development of effective treatments and vaccines against MERS-CoV and related variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeein Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwoo Kim
- Deparatment of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kim Y, Cheon S, Jeong H, Park U, Ha NY, Lee J, Sohn KM, Kim YS, Cho NH. Corrigendum: Differential association of viral dynamics with disease severity depending on patients' age group in COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1178685. [PMID: 37007516 PMCID: PMC10061580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1178685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712260.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhyea Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Yeon-Sook Kim
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Nam-Hyuk Cho
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16
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Jeon K, Kim Y, Kang SK, Park U, Kim J, Park N, Koh J, Shim MS, Kim M, Rhee YJ, Jeong H, Lee S, Park D, Lim J, Kim H, Ha NY, Jo HY, Kim SC, Lee JH, Shon J, Kim H, Jeon YK, Choi YS, Kim HY, Lee WW, Choi M, Park HY, Park WY, Kim YS, Cho NH. Corrigendum: Elevated IFNA1 and suppressed IL12p40 associated with persistent hyperinflammation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175767. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
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17
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Lee T, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Ha NY, Lee S, Chin B, Cho NH. Corrigendum: Acute surge of atypical memory and plasma B-cell subsets driven by an extrafollicular response in severe COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1178630. [PMID: 37033496 PMCID: PMC10075303 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1178630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.909218.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeseob Lee
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Discovery Department, Biomarker Laboratory, Geninus Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- College of Medicine, Genome Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Discovery Department, Biomarker Laboratory, Geninus Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - BumSik Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Nam-Hyuk Cho, ; BumSik Chin,
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Nam-Hyuk Cho, ; BumSik Chin,
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18
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Jeon K, Kim Y, Kang SK, Park U, Kim J, Park N, Koh J, Shim MS, Kim M, Rhee YJ, Jeong H, Lee S, Park D, Lim J, Kim H, Ha NY, Jo HY, Kim SC, Lee JH, Shon J, Kim H, Jeon YK, Choi YS, Kim HY, Lee WW, Choi M, Park HY, Park WY, Kim YS, Cho NH. Elevated IFNA1 and suppressed IL12p40 associated with persistent hyperinflammation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101808. [PMID: 36776879 PMCID: PMC9911526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite of massive endeavors to characterize inflammation in COVID-19 patients, the core network of inflammatory mediators responsible for severe pneumonia stillremain remains elusive. Methods Here, we performed quantitative and kinetic analysis of 191 inflammatory factors in 955 plasma samples from 80 normal controls (sample n = 80) and 347 confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients (sample n = 875), including 8 deceased patients. Results Differential expression analysis showed that 76% of plasmaproteins (145 factors) were upregulated in severe COVID-19 patients comparedwith moderate patients, confirming overt inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Global correlation analysis of the plasma factorsrevealed two core inflammatory modules, core I and II, comprising mainly myeloid cell and lymphoid cell compartments, respectively, with enhanced impact in a severity-dependent manner. We observed elevated IFNA1 and suppressed IL12p40, presenting a robust inverse correlation in severe patients, which was strongly associated with persistent hyperinflammation in 8.3% of moderate pneumonia patients and 59.4% of severe patients. Discussion Aberrant persistence of pulmonary and systemic inflammation might be associated with long COVID-19 sequelae. Our comprehensive analysis of inflammatory mediators in plasmarevealed the complexity of pneumonic inflammation in COVID-19 patients anddefined critical modules responsible for severe pneumonic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Kwang Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoun Kim
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanhee Park
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Shik Shim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Rhee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jinyoung Lim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeong Jo
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Shon
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Biopharmaceutical Convergence Major, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Geninus Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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19
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Tran XC, Kim SH, Lee JE, Kim SH, Kang SY, Binh ND, Duc PV, Phuong PTK, Thao NTP, Lee W, Bae JY, Park MS, Kim M, Yoo JR, Heo ST, An KH, Kim JM, Cho NH, Kee SH, Lee KH. Serological Evidence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus and IgM Positivity Were Identified in Healthy Residents in Vietnam. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102280. [PMID: 36298836 PMCID: PMC9607213 DOI: 10.3390/v14102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging tick-borne viral disease, is prevalent in East Asia and has also been reported in Southeast Asia since 2019. SFTS patients in Vietnam were first reported in 2019. However, the seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in Vietnam has not been reported. To investigate the seroprevalence of SFTSV in Vietnam, we collected serum samples from 714 healthy residents in Thua Thien Hue and Quang Nam Province, Vietnam, and the seroprevalence of SFTSV was assessed using immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) and the 50% focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) assay. The seroprevalence of anti-SFTSV IgM or IgG was observed to be 3.64% (26/714), high IgM positivity was >80 (0.28%, 2/714) and the titer of neutralizing antibodies against SFTSV ranged from 15.5 to 55.9. In Pakistan, SFTSV infection confirmed using a microneutralization test (MNT) assay (prevalence is 2.5%) and ELISAs showed a high seroprevalence (46.7%) of SFTSV. Hence, the seroprevalence rate in Vietnam is similar to that in Pakistan and the number of SFTS patients could increase in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chuong Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Sung Hye Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biology & Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biology & Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Nguyen D. Binh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Pham V. Duc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Phan T. K. Phuong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T. P. Thao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Wonwoo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biology & Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 64231, Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 64231, Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 64231, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ho An
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Jung Mogg Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biology & Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (N.-H.C.); (S.-H.K.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Sun-Ho Kee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: (N.-H.C.); (S.-H.K.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biology & Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (N.-H.C.); (S.-H.K.); (K.H.L.)
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20
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Jo HY, Kim SC, Ahn DH, Lee S, Chang SH, Jung SY, Kim YJ, Kim E, Kim JE, Kim YS, Park WY, Cho NH, Park D, Lee JH, Park HY. Establishment of the large-scale longitudinal multi-omics dataset in COVID-19 patients: data profile and biospecimen. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35996834 PMCID: PMC9537027 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.9.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and monitoring virus-mediated infections has gained importance since the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Studies of high-throughput omics-based immune profiling of COVID-19 patients can help manage the current pandemic and future virus-mediated pandemics. Although COVID-19 is being studied since past 2 years, detailed mechanisms of the initial induction of dynamic immune responses or the molecular mechanisms that characterize disease progression remains unclear. This study involved comprehensively collected biospecimens and longitudinal multi-omics data of 300 COVID-19 patients and 120 healthy controls, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing (scRNA(+scTCR/BCR)-seq), bulk BCR and TCR sequencing (bulk TCR/BCR-seq), and cytokine profiling. Clinical data were also collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and HLA typing, laboratory characteristics, and COVID-19 viral genome sequencing were performed during the initial diagnosis. The entire set of biospecimens and multi-omics data generated in this project can be accessed by researchers from the National Biobank of Korea with prior approval. This distribution of large-scale multi-omics data of COVID-19 patients can facilitate the understanding of biological crosstalk involved in COVID-19 infection and contribute to the development of potential methodologies for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeong Jo
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Do-hwan Ahn
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | | | - Se-Hyun Chang
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Division of Biobank, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Division of Biobank, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Division of Bio Bigdata, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Geninus Inc, Seoul 05836, Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
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21
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Jo HY, Kim SC, Ahn DH, Lee S, Chang SH, Jung SY, Kim YJ, Kim E, Kim JE, Kim YS, Park WY, Cho NH, Park D, Lee JH, Park HY. Establishment of the large-scale longitudinal multi-omics dataset in COVID-19 patients: data profile and biospecimen. BMB Rep 2022; 55:465-471. [PMID: 35996834 PMCID: PMC9537027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and monitoring virus-mediated infections has gained importance since the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Studies of high-throughput omics-based immune profiling of COVID-19 patients can help manage the current pandemic and future virus-mediated pandemics. Although COVID-19 is being studied since past 2 years, detailed mechanisms of the initial induction of dynamic immune responses or the molecular mechanisms that characterize disease progression remains unclear. This study involved comprehensively collected biospecimens and longitudinal multi-omics data of 300 COVID-19 patients and 120 healthy controls, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing (scRNA(+scTCR/BCR)-seq), bulk BCR and TCR sequencing (bulk TCR/BCR-seq), and cytokine profiling. Clinical data were also collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and HLA typing, laboratory characteristics, and COVID-19 viral genome sequencing were performed during the initial diagnosis. The entire set of biospecimens and multi-omics data generated in this project can be accessed by researchers from the National Biobank of Korea with prior approval. This distribution of largescale multi-omics data of COVID-19 patients can facilitate the understanding of biological crosstalk involved in COVID-19 infection and contribute to the development of potential methodologies for its diagnosis and treatment. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(9): 465-471].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeong Jo
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Do-hwan Ahn
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | | | - Se-Hyun Chang
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Division of Biobank, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Division of Biobank, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Division of Bio Bigdata, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Geninus Inc, Seoul 05836, Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
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22
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Lee T, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Ha NY, Lee S, Chin B, Cho NH. Acute Surge of Atypical Memory and Plasma B-Cell Subsets Driven by an Extrafollicular Response in Severe COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:909218. [PMID: 35899045 PMCID: PMC9309264 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.909218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the use of vaccines and therapeutics against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this severe disease has been a critical burden on public health, whereas the pathogenic mechanism remains elusive. Recently, accumulating evidence underscores the potential role of the aberrant B-cell response and humoral immunity in disease progression, especially in high-risk groups. Methods Using single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing analysis, we investigated transcriptional features of B-cell population in peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients and compared them, according to clinical severity and disease course, against a public B-cell dataset. Results We confirmed that acute B cells differentiate into plasma cells, particularly in severe patients, potentially through enhanced extrafollicular (EF) differentiation. In severe groups, the elevated plasma B-cell response displayed increased B-cell receptor (BCR) diversity, as well as higher levels of anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti–SARS-CoV-2) spike antibodies in plasma, than those in moderate cases, suggesting more robust and heterogeneous plasma cell response in severe COVID-19 patients. Trajectory analysis identified a differentiation pathway for the EF B-cell response from active naïve to atypical memory B cells (AM2), in addition to the emergence of an aberrant plasma cell subset (PC2), which was associated with COVID-19 progression and severity. The AM2 and PC2 subsets surged in the acute phase of the severe disease and presented multiple inflammatory features, including higher cytokine expression and humoral effector function, respectively. These features differ from other B-cell subsets, suggesting a pathogenic potential for disease progression. Conclusion The acute surge of AM2 and PC2 subsets with lower somatic hypermutation and higher inflammatory features may be driven by the EF B-cell response during the acute phase of severe COVID-19 and may represent one of the critical drivers in disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeseob Lee
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Discovery department, Biomarker Laboratory, Geninus Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- College of Medicine, Genome Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Discovery department, Biomarker Laboratory, Geninus Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - BumSik Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Nam-Hyuk Cho, ; BumSik Chin,
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Nam-Hyuk Cho, ; BumSik Chin,
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23
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Kang M, Jang NY, Kim YJ, Ro HJ, Kim D, Kim Y, Kim HT, Kwon HM, Ahn JH, Choi BO, Cho NH, Kim SW. Virus blocking textile for SARS-CoV-2 using human body triboelectric energy harvesting. Cell Rep Phys Sci 2022; 3:100813. [PMID: 35309284 PMCID: PMC8920588 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective mitigation technology to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is required before achieving population immunity through vaccines. Here we demonstrate a virus-blocking textile (VBT) that repulses SARS-CoV-2 by applying repulsive Coulomb force to respiratory particles, powered by human body triboelectric energy harvesting. We show that SARS-CoV-2 has negative charges, and a human body generates high output current of which peak-to-peak value reaches 259.6 μA at most, based on triboelectric effect. Thereby, the human body can sustainably power a VBT to have negative electrical potential, and the VBT highly blocks SARS-CoV-2 by repulsion. In an acrylic chamber study, we found that the VBT blocks SARS-CoV-2 by 99.95%, and SARS-CoV-2 in the VBT is 13-fold reduced. Our work provides technology that may prevent the spread of virus based on repulsive Coulomb force and triboelectric energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minki Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yoon Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Ro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Taek Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Mi Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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24
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Abstract
Since the advent of SARS-CoV-2 in Dec. 2019, the global endeavor to identify the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 has been ongoing. Although humoral immunity including neutralizing activity play an important role in protection from the viral pathogen, dysregulated antibody responses may be associated with the pathogenic progression of COVID-19, especially in high-risk individuals. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies acquired by prior infection or vaccination act as immune pressure, driving continuous population turnover by selecting for antibody-escaping mutations. Here, we review accumulating knowledge on the potential role of humoral immune responses in COVID-19, primarily focusing on their beneficial and pathogenic properties. Understanding the multifaceted regulatory mechanisms of humoral responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection can help us to develop more effective therapeutics, as well as protective measures against the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Choe PG, Kim Y, Chang E, Kang CK, Kim NJ, Cho NH, Park WB, Oh MD. Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Patients Infected at the Beginning of the Pandemic. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e67. [PMID: 35226425 PMCID: PMC8885454 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the kinetics of the neutralizing antibody responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 delta variant over the course of 1 year in 16 patients infected at the beginning of the pandemic. In patients with severe disease, neutralizing responses to the delta variant were detectable, albeit at lower levels than responses to the wild type. Neutralizing responses to the delta variant were undetectable, however, in asymptomatic persons. This finding implies that the vaccination strategy for persons with past natural infection should depend on the severity of the previous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euijin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Kyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Cheon S, Park U, Park H, Kim Y, Nguyen YTH, Aigerim A, Rhee JY, Choi JP, Park WB, Park SW, Kim Y, Lim DG, Yang JS, Lee JY, Kim YS, Cho NH. Longevity of seropositivity and neutralizing antibodies in recovered MERS patients: a 5-year follow-up study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:292-296. [PMID: 34139334 PMCID: PMC8200326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the longevity of spike-specific antibody responses and neutralizing activity in the plasma of recovered Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) patients. METHODS We traced the antibody responses and neutralizing activity against MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in peripheral blood samples collected from 70 recovered MERS patients for 5 years after the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea. We also measured the half-life of neutralizing antibody titres in the longitudinal specimens. RESULTS The seropositivity rate persisted for up to 4 years (50.7-56.1%), especially in MERS patients who suffered from severe pneumonia, and then decreased (35.9%) in the fifth year. Although the spike-specific antibody responses decreased gradually, the neutralizing antibody titres decreased more rapidly (half-life: 20 months) in 19 participants without showing negative seroconversion during the study period. Only five (26.3%) participants had neutralizing antibody titres greater than 1/1000 of PRNT50, and a high neutralizing antibody titre over 1/5000 was not detected in the participants at five years after infection. DISCUSSION The seropositivity rate of the recovered MERS patients persisted up to 4 years after infection and significantly dropped in the fifth year, whereas the neutralizing antibody titres against MERS-CoV decreased more rapidly and were significantly reduced at 4 years after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhye Cheon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoree Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Thi Hai Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdimadiyeva Aigerim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Phil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Lim
- Center for Chronic Diseases, Research Institute, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Yang
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control & Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control & Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Kashefi-Kheyrabadi L, Nguyen HV, Go A, Baek C, Jang N, Lee JM, Cho NH, Min J, Lee MH. Rapid, multiplexed, and nucleic acid amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using an electrochemical biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113649. [PMID: 34555637 PMCID: PMC8447555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering the worldwide health crisis associated with highly contagious severe respiratory disease of COVID-19 outbreak, the development of multiplexed, simple and rapid diagnostic platforms to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is in high demand. Here, a nucleic acid amplification-free electrochemical biosensor based on four-way junction (4-WJ) hybridization is presented for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. To form a 4-WJ structure, a Universal DNA-Hairpin (UDH) probe is hybridized with two adaptor strands and a SARS-CoV-2 RNA target. One of the adaptor strands is functionalized with a redox mediator that can be detected using an electrochemical biosensor. The biosensor could simultaneously detect 5.0 and 6.8 ag/μL of S and Orf1ab genes, respectively, within 1 h. The biosensor was evaluated with 21 clinical samples (16 positive and 5 negative). The results revealed a satisfactory agreement with qRT-PCR. In conclusion, this biosensor has the potential to be used as an on-site, real-time diagnostic test for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kashefi-Kheyrabadi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Huynh Vu Nguyen
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Go
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoon Baek
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoon Jang
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Michelle Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author
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28
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Kim DM, Seo JW, Kim Y, Park U, Ha NY, Park H, Yun NR, Kim DY, Yoon SH, Na YS, Moon DS, Lim SC, Kim CM, Kim YS, Cho NH. Eosinophil-mediated lung inflammation associated with elevated natural killer T cell response in COVID-19 patients. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:201-209. [PMID: 34565131 PMCID: PMC8747909 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with acute respiratory syndrome. The mechanisms underlying the different degrees of pneumonia severity in patients with COVID-19 remain elusive. This study provides evidence that COVID-19 is associated with eosinophil-mediated inflammation. METHODS We performed a retrospective case series of three patients with laboratory and radiologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Chosun University Hospital. Demographic and clinical data on inflammatory cell lung infiltration and cytokine levels in patients with COVID-19 were collected. RESULTS Cytological analysis of sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from all three patients revealed massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), such as eosinophils and neutrophils. All sputum and BALF specimens contained high levels of eosinophil cationic proteins. The infiltration of PMNs into the lungs, together with elevated levels of natural killer T (NKT) cells in BALF and peripheral blood samples from patients with severe pneumonia in the acute phase was confirmed by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the lungs of COVID-19 patients can exhibit eosinophil-mediated inflammation, together with an elevated NKT cell response, which is associated with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyoree Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Yong Sub Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Do Sik Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Department of Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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29
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Shin HS, Kim Y, Kang J, Um J, Park JS, Park WB, Kim YS, Choi JP, Rhee JY, Joh JS, Cho NH, Yang JS, Lee JY, Lim DG. Longitudinal Analysis of Memory T cell Responses in Survivors of Middle East respiratory syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:596-603. [PMID: 34893799 PMCID: PMC9383109 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a zoonotic betacoronavirus. The development of effective vaccines and control measures requires a thorough understanding of the immune response to this viral infection. Methods We investigated cellular immune responses up to 5 years after infection in a cohort of 59 MERS survivors by performing enzyme-linked immunospot assay and intracellular cytokine staining after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with synthetic viral peptides. Results Memory T-cell responses were detected in 82%, 75%, 69%, 64%, and 64% of MERS survivors from 1–5 years post-infection, respectively. Although the frequency of virus-specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ)–secreting T cells tended to be higher in moderately/severely ill patients than in mildly ill patients during the early period of follow-up, there was no significant difference among the different clinical severity groups across all time points. While both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were involved in memory T-cell responses, CD4+ T cells persisted slightly longer than CD8+ T cells. Both memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognized the E/M/N proteins better than the S protein and maintained their polyfunctionality throughout the period examined. Memory T-cell responses correlated positively with antibody responses during the initial 3–4 years but not with maximum viral loads at any time point. Conclusions These findings advance our understanding of the dynamics of virus-specific memory T-cell immunity after MERS-coronavirus infection, which is relevant to the development of effective T cell–based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Shik Shin
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul. Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul. Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kang
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Um
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sun Park
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Phil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Sung Joh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Yang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Lim
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Kim DM, Kim Y, Seo JW, Lee J, Park U, Ha NY, Koh J, Park H, Lee JW, Ro HJ, Yun NR, Kim DY, Yoon SH, Na YS, Moon DS, Lim SC, Kim CM, Jeon K, Kang JG, Jang NY, Jeong H, Kim J, Cheon S, Sohn KM, Moon JY, Kym S, Han SR, Lee MS, Kim HJ, Park WY, Choi JY, Shin HW, Kim HY, Cho CH, Jeon YK, Kim YS, Cho NH. Enhanced eosinophil-mediated inflammation associated with antibody and complement-dependent pneumonic insults in critical COVID-19. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109798. [PMID: 34587481 PMCID: PMC8450316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the worldwide effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the underlying mechanisms of fatal viral pneumonia remain elusive. Here, we show that critical COVID-19 is associated with enhanced eosinophil-mediated inflammation when compared to non-critical cases. In addition, we confirm increased T helper (Th)2-biased adaptive immune responses, accompanying overt complement activation, in the critical group. Moreover, enhanced antibody responses and complement activation are associated with disease pathogenesis as evidenced by formation of immune complexes and membrane attack complexes in airways and vasculature of lung biopsies from six fatal cases, as well as by enhanced hallmark gene set signatures of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) signaling and complement activation in myeloid cells of respiratory specimens from critical COVID-19 patients. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may drive specific innate immune responses, including eosinophil-mediated inflammation, and subsequent pulmonary pathogenesis via enhanced Th2-biased immune responses, which might be crucial drivers of critical disease in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoree Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Ro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sub Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yoon Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhyea Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youg Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kym
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ro Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Geninus Inc., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea.
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Rim JM, Han SW, Cho YK, Kang JG, Choi KS, Jeong H, Son K, Kim J, Choi Y, Kim WM, Cho NH, Chae JS. Survey of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in wild boar in the Republic of Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101813. [PMID: 34411795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by Dabie bandavirus that belongs to the genus Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae and order Bunyavirales and is transmitted by hard ticks. It has been detected in several tick species, various animals, and humans. The purpose of this study was to detect SFTS virus (SFTSV) antigen and antibody in wild boar in the Republic of Korea (ROK). A total of 768 sera samples were collected from wild boar in the ROK between January and December 2019. Viral RNA was extracted from sera using viral RNA extraction kit, and one-step RT-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the S segment of the SFTSV. The sequencing data were analyzed using Chromas and aligned using Clustal X. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method using MEGA7. In addition, wild boar sera were tested for IgG antibodies against SFTSV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Of a total of 768 sera samples, 40 (5.2%) were positive for SFTSV by RT-PCR targeting the S segment. Two hundred twenty-one (28.8%) and 159 (20.7%) of 768 sera samples were seropositive by ELISA and IFA, respectively. Based on both ELISA and IFA tests of the same samples, 110 (14.3%) wild boar sera samples were positive for SFTSV antibodies. Of a total of 40 positive serum samples by RT-PCR, 33 (82.5%) and 7 (17.5%) sera were classified as the genotype B-3 and D, respectively, by sequence analysis,. These results provide useful information that demonstrates the detection of antigen and antibody in wild boar sera samples for every month of a certain year throughout the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Jeong
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidong Son
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Choi
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Meong Kim
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Kim YS, Aigerim A, Park U, Kim Y, Park H, Rhee JY, Choi JP, Park WB, Park SW, Kim Y, Lim DG, Choi JY, Jeon YK, Yang JS, Lee JY, Shin HS, Cho NH. Sustained Responses of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Recovered Patients and Their Therapeutic Applicability. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e550-e558. [PMID: 32898238 PMCID: PMC7499518 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zoonotic coronaviruses have emerged as a global threat by causing fatal respiratory infections. Given the lack of specific antiviral therapies, application of human convalescent plasma retaining neutralizing activity could be a viable therapeutic option that can bridges this gap. Methods We traced antibody responses and memory B cells in peripheral blood collected from 70 recovered Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) patients for 3 years after the 2015 outbreak in South Korea. We also used a mouse infection model to examine whether the neutralizing activity of collected sera could provide therapeutic benefit in vivo upon lethal MERS-CoV challenge. Results Anti-spike-specific IgG responses, including neutralizing activity and antibody-secreting memory B cells, persisted for up to 3 years, especially in MERS patients who suffered from severe pneumonia. Mean antibody titers gradually decreased annually by less than 2-fold. Levels of antibody responses were significantly correlated with fever duration, viral shedding periods, and maximum viral loads observed during infection periods. In a transgenic mice model challenged with lethal doses of MERS-CoV, a significant reduction in viral loads and enhanced survival was observed when therapeutically treated with human plasma retaining a high neutralizing titer (> 1/5000). However, this failed to reduce pulmonary pathogenesis, as revealed by pathological changes in lungs and initial weight loss. Conclusions High titers of neutralizing activity are required for suppressive effect on the viral replication but may not be sufficient to reduce inflammatory lesions upon fatal infection. Therefore, immune sera with high neutralizing activity must be carefully selected for plasma therapy of zoonotic coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdimadiyeva Aigerim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoree Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Phil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Lim
- Center for Chronic Diseases, Research Institute, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Yang
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Shik Shin
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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33
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Kim Y, Cheon S, Jeong H, Park U, Ha NY, Lee J, Sohn KM, Kim YS, Cho NH. Differential Association of Viral Dynamics With Disease Severity Depending on Patients' Age Group in COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712260. [PMID: 34367117 PMCID: PMC8343133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a clear association of patient’s age with COVID-19 severity, there has been conflicting data on the association of viral load with disease severity. Here, we investigated the association of viral load dynamics with patient’s age and severity of COVID-19 using a set of respiratory specimens longitudinally collected (mean: 4.8 times/patient) from 64 patients with broad distribution of clinical severity and age during acute phase. Higher viral burden was positively associated with inflammatory responses, as assessed by IL-6, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients’ plasma collected on the same day, primarily in the younger cohort (≤59 years old) and in mild cases of all ages, whereas these were barely detectable in elderly patients (≥60 years old) with critical disease. In addition, viral load dynamics in elderly patients were not significantly different between mild and critical cases, even though more enhanced inflammation was consistently observed in the elderly group when compared to the younger group during the acute phase of infection. The positive correlation of viral load with disease severity in younger patients may explain the increased therapeutic responsiveness to current antiviral drugs and neutralizing antibody therapies in younger patients compared to elderly patients. More careful intervention against aging-associated inflammation might be required to mitigate severe disease progression and reduce fatality in COVID-19 patients more than 60 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhyea Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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34
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Choi YM, Jeong H, Park U, Cho NH, Kim BJ. A Hepatitis B Virus-Derived Peptide Can Inhibit Infection of Human Lung Cells with SARS-CoV-2 in a Type-1 Interferon-Dependent Manner. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071227. [PMID: 34202029 PMCID: PMC8310041 DOI: 10.3390/v13071227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) hexamer peptide, Poly6, which is capable of eliciting an antiviral effect against human immunodeficiency virus -1 (HIV-1), as a novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, and a strong anticancer immune response in an IFN-I-dependent manner, as a novel potential adjuvant in anticancer immunotherapy. Here, we report that Poly6 exerts an anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect, with an estimated 50% inhibitory concentration of 2.617 µM, in the human bronchial epithelial cell line, Calu-3 but not in Vero-E6 cells, which are deficient in type 1 interferon (IFN-I) signaling. We proved via assays based on mRNA profiles, inhibitors, or blocking antibodies that Poly6 can exert an anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect in an IFN-I-dependent manner. We also found that Poly6 inhibits IL-6 production enhanced by SARS-CoV-2 in infected Calu-3 cells at both the transcription and the translation levels, mediated via IL-10 induction in an IFN-I-dependent manner. These results indicate the feasibility of Poly6 as an IFN-I-inducing COVID-19 drug with potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyein Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Liver Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8315; Fax: +82-2-743-0881
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35
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Win AM, Nguyen YTH, Kim Y, Ha NY, Kang JG, Kim H, San B, Kyaw O, Htike WW, Choi DO, Lee KH, Cho NH. Genotypic Heterogeneity of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Scrub Typhus Patients and Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Co-infection, Myanmar. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1878-1881. [PMID: 32687023 PMCID: PMC7392420 DOI: 10.3201/eid2608.200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic and molecular surveillance of serum collected from 152 suspected scrub typhus patients in Myanmar revealed Orientia tsutsugamushi of genotypic heterogeneity. In addition, potential co-infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was observed in 5 (3.3%) patients. Both scrub typhus and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome are endemic in Myanmar.
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36
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Yoo JR, Kim JY, Heo ST, Kim J, Park HJ, Lee JY, Lim HY, Park WJ, Cho NH, Kim JM, Nam JH, Lee KH. Neutralizing Antibodies to Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Among Survivors, Non-Survivors and Healthy Residents in South Korea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:649570. [PMID: 33834006 PMCID: PMC8021957 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.649570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a newly emerging tick-borne viral disease, has been detected in Asia since 2009, and person-to-person transmission is possible. SFTS is characterized by atypical signs, including mild to severe febrile illness similar to that associated with hemorrhagic fever, with 16.2 to 30% mortality. We found that the titers of neutralizing antibodies, play an important role in protective immunity, to SFTS virus (SFTSV) in survivors and healthy residents who lived in endemic areas and who were positive for SFTSV IgG, were higher than those in non-survivor patients. Moreover, the titers were maintained in surviving patients and healthy residents but not in non-surviving patients in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Vector Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, South Korea
| | - Hee-Young Lim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Vector Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Vector Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Mogg Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Nguyen YTH, Kim C, Kim Y, Jeon K, Kim HI, Ha NY, Cho NH. The Orientia tsutsugamushi ScaB Autotransporter Protein Is Required for Adhesion and Invasion of Mammalian Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626298. [PMID: 33613493 PMCID: PMC7890071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotransporter proteins are widely present in Gram-negative bacteria. They play a pivotal role in processes related to bacterial pathogenesis, including adhesion, invasion, colonization, biofilm formation, and cellular toxicity. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, encodes six different autotransporter genes (scaA-scaF). Although four of these genes (scaA, scaC, scaD, and scaE) are present in diverse strains, scaB and scaF have been detected in only a limited number of strains. Previous studies have demonstrated that ScaA and ScaC are involved in the adherence of host cells. However, the putative function of other O. tsutsugamushi Sca proteins has not been studied yet. In this study, we show that scaB is transcribed and expressed on the surface of O. tsutsugamushi Boryong strain. Using a heterologous Escherichia coli expression system, we demonstrated that ScaB-expressing E. coli can successfully mediate adherence to and invasion into non-phagocytic cells, including epithelial and endothelial cells. In addition, pretreatment with a recombinant ScaB polypeptide inhibits the entry of O. tsutsugamushi into cultured mammalian cells. Finally, we also identified the scaB gene in the Kuroki and TA686 strains and observed high levels of sequence variation in the passenger domains. Here, we propose that the ScaB protein of O. tsutsugamushi can mediate both adhesion to and invasion into host cells in the absence of other O. tsutsugamushi genes and may play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Thi Hai Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaewon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang JG, Cho YK, Han SW, Jeon K, Choi H, Kim JH, Cho NH, Choi KS, Chae JS. Molecular and Serological Investigation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Cats. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:916-920. [PMID: 32831006 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis in China, the Republic of Korea (ROK), and Japan. The presence of the SFTS virus (SFTSV) in companion, livestock, and wild animals has been reported. Recently, human SFTS-like clinical symptoms in cats and cheetahs have been reported in Japan. Therefore, the prevalence of the SFTSV gene or antibody in cats is important for public health as well as veterinary medicine. Materials and Methods: Sera were collected from 201 feral and house cats in the ROK in 2017. Samples were analyzed for the presence of the SFTSV gene after RT-nested PCR amplification and for anti-SFTSV antibodies after enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Eight (4.0%) and nine (4.5%) of 201 cat sera were found to be positive for the SFTSV gene and anti-SFTSV nucleocapsid protein antibodies, respectively. Specifically, 5.9% feral and 2.0% house cats were positive for the SFTSV gene, and 6.9% feral and 2.0% house cats were positive for anti-SFTSV antibodies. All sequences of the SFTSV S segment obtained were included in Japanese/Korean SFTSV clades, as opposed to the Chinese clade. Conclusions: This study constitutes the first serological study of SFTSV in house and feral cats in the ROK. Evidence of SFTSV in companion animals indicates that SFTSV can circulate in homes and that more intensive precautions and education measures are needed for companion animal guardians and veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooncheol Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- 24 Hours Smart Animal Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park BG, Kim YJ, Min JH, Cheong TC, Nam SH, Cho NH, Kim YK, Lee KB. Assessment of Cellular Uptake Efficiency According to Multiple Inhibitors of Fe 3O 4-Au Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Possibility to Control Specific Endocytosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Nanoscale Res Lett 2020; 15:165. [PMID: 32804261 PMCID: PMC7431494 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4)-gold (Au) core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) have unique magnetic and optical properties. When combined with biological moieties, these NPs can offer new strategies for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and cancer targeting. Here, we present an effective method for the controllable cellular uptake of magnetic core-shell NP systems combined with biological moieties. Vimentin, which is the structural protein, has been biochemically confirmed to affect phagocytosis potently. In addition, vimentin affects exogenic materials internalization into cells even though under multiple inhibitions of biological moieties. In this study, we demonstrate the cellular internalization performance of Fe3O4-Au core-shell NPs with surface modification using a combination of biological moieties. The photofluorescence of vimentin-tagged NPs remained unaffected under multiple inhibition tests, indicating that the NPs were minimally influenced by nystatin, dynasore, cytochalasin D, and even the Muc1 antibody (Ab). Consequently, this result indicates that the Muc1 Ab can target specific molecules and can control specific endocytosis. Besides, we show the possibility of controlling specific endocytosis in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gi Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Min
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Taek-Chin Cheong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Nam
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Kyu Back Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Kim YS, Lim J, Sung J, Cheong Y, Lee EY, Kim J, Oh H, Kim YS, Cho NH, Choi S, Kang SM, Nam JH, Chae W, Seong BL. Built-in RNA-mediated chaperone (chaperna) for antigen folding tailored to immunized hosts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1990-2007. [PMID: 32297972 PMCID: PMC7262357 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High‐quality antibody (Ab) production depends on the availability of immunologically relevant antigens. We present a potentially universal platform for generating soluble antigens from bacterial hosts, tailored to immunized animals for Ab production. A novel RNA‐dependent chaperone, in which the target antigen is genetically fused with an RNA‐interacting domain (RID) docking tag derived from the immunized host, promotes the solubility and robust folding of the target antigen. We selected the N‐terminal tRNA‐binding domain of lysyl‐tRNA synthetase (LysRS) as the RID for fusion with viral proteins and demonstrated the expression of the RID fusion proteins in their soluble and native conformations; immunization predominantly elicited Ab responses to the target antigen, whereas the “self” RID tag remained nonimmunogenic. Differential immunogenicity of the fusion proteins greatly enriched and simplified the screening of hybridoma clones of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), enabling specific and sensitive serodiagnosis of MERS‐CoV infection. Moreover, mAbs against the consensus influenza hemagglutinin stalk domain enabled a novel assay for trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. The Fc‐mediated effector function was demonstrated, which could be harnessed for the design of next‐generation “universal” influenza vaccines. The nonimmunogenic built‐in antigen folding module tailored to a repertoire of immunized animal hosts will drive immunochemical diagnostics, therapeutics, and designer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seok Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jemin Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongil Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Chae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Thi Hai Yen N, Kim C, Jeong S, Jeon K, Choi H, Ro HJ, Kim HI, Kim Y, Kang JG, Park D, Choi MS, Lee KH, Cho NH. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection or Mixed Infection with Scrub Typhus in South Korea in 2000-2003. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:1096-1099. [PMID: 31482787 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is a tick-borne viral disease, with a high mortality rate that was first reported in China in 2009. Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a bacterium transmitted to humans through chigger mite bites. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and scrub typhus are endemic to South Korea. To investigate evidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection or mixed infection with scrub typhus in South Korea, we examined 2,329 sera samples collected from patients presenting from November 1, 2000, to November 1, 2003, for the diagnosis of rickettisal diseases at Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. We found retrospective evidence of SFTSV infection or mixed infection with scrub typhus in South Korea in 2000-2003. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infections in South Korea occurred before previously reported cases and were more concurrent with those in China. It is important to consider SFTSV infection in patients with scrub typhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Hai Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaewon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonyoung Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hooncheol Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Ro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dahee Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sik Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kong SH, Kim JH, Park YJ, Lee JH, Hong AR, Shin CS, Cho NH. Low free T3 to free T4 ratio was associated with low muscle mass and impaired physical performance in community-dwelling aged population. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:525-531. [PMID: 31784788 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In aged population, the association of thyroid hormones on physical performance, especially within their normal range, has yet to be elucidated. In this study, individuals with low serum free T3/free T4 were likely to have low muscle mass and impaired physical performance. PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the associations of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance with thyroid hormone in an aged euthyroid population from a community-based cohort. METHODS We examined 918 men aged over 60 years and 1215 postmenopausal women from the Ansung cohort study. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by square of height (ASM/ht2) was used as the muscle mass index. Hand grip strength was measured using a hydraulic dynamometer. Physical performance was assessed using the short physical performance battery (SPPB). RESULTS Participants with higher tertiles of free T3 and free T3/free T4 were younger and had higher ASM/ht2, stronger hand grip strength, and higher SPPB scores than those in the lower tertiles. In adjusted models, men within higher tertiles of free T3 had higher ASM/ht2 compared with those within lower tertiles (p = 0.033), whereas subjects with higher tertiles of free T4 had lower ASM/ht2 compared with those within lower tertiles (p = 0.043). Subjects within higher tertiles of free T3/free T4 had higher ASM/ht2 (p < 0.001) and better physical performance (p = 0.048) than those within lower tertiles after adjustments. However, free T3, free T4, or free T3/free T4 was not related to hand grip strength after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSION Our results thus indicate that in an aged euthyroid population, low serum free T3/free T4 was a better index for low muscle mass and impaired physical performance than serum free T3 or free T4 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y J Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A R Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam, South Korea
| | - C S Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - N H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea.
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Trent B, Liang Y, Xing Y, Esqueda M, Wei Y, Cho NH, Kim HI, Kim YS, Shelite TR, Cai J, Sun J, Bouyer DH, Liu J, Soong L. Polarized lung inflammation and Tie2/angiopoietin-mediated endothelial dysfunction during severe Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007675. [PMID: 32119672 PMCID: PMC7067486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orientia tsutsugamushi infection can cause acute lung injury and high mortality in humans; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we tested a hypothesis that dysregulated pulmonary inflammation and Tie2-mediated endothelial malfunction contribute to lung damage. Using a murine model of lethal O. tsutsugamushi infection, we demonstrated pathological characteristics of vascular activation and tissue damage: 1) a significant increase of ICAM-1 and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) proteins in inflamed tissues and lung-derived endothelial cells (EC), 2) a progressive loss of endothelial quiescent and junction proteins (Ang1, VE-cadherin/CD144, occuludin), and 3) a profound impairment of Tie2 receptor at the transcriptional and functional levels. In vitro infection of primary human EC cultures and serum Ang2 proteins in scrub typhus patients support our animal studies, implying endothelial dysfunction in severe scrub typhus. Flow cytometric analyses of lung-recovered cells further revealed that pulmonary macrophages (MΦ) were polarized toward an M1-like phenotype (CD80+CD64+CD11b+Ly6G-) during the onset of disease and prior to host death, which correlated with the significant loss of CD31+CD45- ECs and M2-like (CD206+CD64+CD11b+Ly6G-) cells. In vitro studies indicated extensive bacterial replication in M2-type, but not M1-type, MΦs, implying the protective and pathogenic roles of M1-skewed responses. This is the first detailed investigation of lung cellular immune responses during acute O. tsutsugamushi infection. It uncovers specific biomarkers for vascular dysfunction and M1-skewed inflammatory responses, highlighting future therapeutic research for the control of this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Trent
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marisol Esqueda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas R. Shelite
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donald H. Bouyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Lee DW, Lee S, Min CK, Park C, Kim JM, Hwang CS, Park SK, Cho NH, Hwang I. Cross-Species Functional Conservation and Possible Origin of the N-Terminal Specificity Domain of Mitochondrial Presequences. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:64. [PMID: 32117399 PMCID: PMC7031408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants have two endosymbiotic organelles, chloroplast and mitochondrion. Although they have their own genomes, proteome assembly in these organelles depends on the import of proteins encoded by the nuclear genome. Previously, we elucidated the general design principles of chloroplast and mitochondrial targeting signals, transit peptide, and presequence, respectively, which are highly diverse in primary structure. Both targeting signals are composed of N-terminal specificity domain and C-terminal translocation domain. Especially, the N-terminal specificity domain of mitochondrial presequences contains multiple arginine residues and hydrophobic sequence motif. In this study we investigated whether the design principles of plant mitochondrial presequences can be applied to those in other eukaryotic species. We provide evidence that both presequences and import mechanisms are remarkably conserved throughout the species. In addition, we present evidence that the N-terminal specificity domain of presequence might have evolved from the bacterial TAT (twin-arginine translocation) signal sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Chan-Ki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cana Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Mok Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Sang Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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Ko YJ, Lee JW, Yang EJ, Jang N, Park J, Jeon YK, Yu JW, Cho NH, Kim HS, Chan Kwon I. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of caspase-1 activation enables rapid and spatiotemporal detection of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Biomaterials 2020; 226:119543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tran XC, Yun Y, Van An L, Kim SH, Thao NTP, Man PKC, Yoo JR, Heo ST, Cho NH, Lee KH. Endemic Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1029-1031. [PMID: 31002059 PMCID: PMC6478219 DOI: 10.3201/eid2505.181463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a tickborne viral disease, has been identified in China, South Korea, and Japan since 2009. We found retrospective evidence of SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in Vietnam, which suggests that SFTSV infections also occur in Vietnam, where the virus has not been known to be endemic.
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47
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Kim HI, Ha NY, Kim G, Min CK, Kim Y, Yen NTH, Choi MS, Cho NH. Immunization with a recombinant antigen composed of conserved blocks from TSA56 provides broad genotype protection against scrub typhus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:946-958. [PMID: 31237478 PMCID: PMC6598529 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1632676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Despite the wide range of approaches explored during the last seventy years, an effective prophylactic vaccine is not yet available. Here, we developed a novel recombinant antigen derived from conserved regions of 56 kDa type-specific antigen (TSA56), a major outer membrane protein responsible for genetic heterogeneity and antigenicity, and evaluated it as a protective vaccine antigen. Our findings demonstrate that immunization with conserved blocks of TSA56 (cTSA56) not only provides protective immunity against lethal challenges with the homologous genotype, but also confers significantly better protection against heterologous genotypes than TSA56. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from immunized mice provided significantly enhanced protection against lethal challenge, whereas immune B cells failed to do so, indicating that cellular immunity against the conserved epitopes plays a protective role. Moreover, immunization with a 10-mer peptide mixture, screened from CD8+ T cell epitopes within the conserved region of TSA56, provided enhanced protection against lethal challenge with O. tsutsugamushi. Therefore, this novel recombinant antigen is a promising candidate for scrub typhus vaccine against a wide range of O. tsutsugamushi genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Il Kim
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanghun Kim
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Ki Min
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Hai Yen
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sik Choi
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Sharma P, Jang NY, Lee JW, Park BC, Kim YK, Cho NH. Application of ZnO-Based Nanocomposites for Vaccines and Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E493. [PMID: 31561470 PMCID: PMC6835776 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering and application of nanomaterials have recently helped advance various biomedical fields. Zinc oxide (ZnO)-based nanocomposites have become one of the most promising candidates for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, unique physicochemical properties, and cost-effective mass production. In addition, recent advances in nano-engineering technologies enable the generation of ZnO nanocomposites with unique three-dimensional structures and surface characteristics that are optimally designed for in vivo applications. Here, we review recent advances in the application of diverse ZnO nanocomposites, with an especial focus on their development as vaccine adjuvant and cancer immunotherapeutics, as well as their intrinsic properties interacting with the immune system and potential toxic effect in vivo. Finally, we summarize promising proof-of-concept applications as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against infections and cancers. Understanding the nano-bio interfaces between ZnO-based nanocomposites and the immune system, together with bio-effective design of the nanomaterial using nano-architectonic technology, may open new avenues in expanding the biomedical application of ZnO nanocomposites as a novel vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Na-Yoon Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Bum Chul Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
- Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea.
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
- Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea.
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Hwang JW, Jung SJ, Cheong TC, Kim Y, Shin EP, Heo I, Kim G, Cho NH, Wang KK, Kim YR. Smart Hybrid Nanocomposite for Photodynamic Inactivation of Cancer Cells with Selectivity. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6776-6783. [PMID: 31310131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has been efficiently applied for cancer therapy. Here, we have fabricated the folic acid (FA)- and pheophorbide A (PA)-conjugated FA/PA@Fe3O4 nanoparticle (smart hybrid nanocomposite, SHN) to enhance the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of specific cancer cells. SHN coated with the PDI agent is designed to have selectivity for the folate receptor (FR) expressed on cancer cells. Structural characteristics and morphology of the fabricated MNPs were studied with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The photophysical properties of SHN were investigated with absorption, emission spectroscopies, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the magnetic property of Fe3O4 nanoparticle (MNP) can be utilized for the collection of SHNs by an external magnetic field. The photofunctionality was given by the photosensitizer, PA, which generates reactive oxygen species by irradiation of visible light. Generation of singlet oxygen was directly evaluated with time-resolved phosphorescence spectroscopy. Biocompatibility and cellular interaction of SHN were also analyzed by using various cancer cells, such as KB, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells which express different levels of FR on the surface. Cellular adsorption and the PDI effect of SHN on the various cancer cells in vitro were correlated well with the surface expression levels of FR, suggesting potential applicability of SHN on specific targeting and PDI of FR-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Wook Hwang
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Chin Cheong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Pil Shin
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Il Heo
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro , Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Kyun Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Rok Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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Bae H, Cho NH, Park SY. PI-RADS version 2: optimal time range for determining positivity of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in peripheral zone prostate cancer. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:895.e27-895.e34. [PMID: 31327469 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the optimal time cut-off for determining positivity of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS A consecutive series of 89 patients with PZ PCa who had undergone diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and subtraction DCE MRI were included. An experienced reader visually analysed the earliest time after contrast medium injection to visualise the best contrast between an index tumour and normal PZ on DCE MRI (i.e., best contrast time). The best contrast time cut-off for clinically significant cancer (csPCa) according to Epstein criteria or International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade ≥2 was analysed by an experienced reader, and applied to a less-experienced reader. For the index lesion of DWI category 3, the added value of DCE MRI (increased true positive and negative rates of PI-RADSv2 for csPCa) was evaluated using the cut-off time. RESULTS The best contrast time cut-off for csPCa was ≤72 seconds for Epstein criteria and ≤56 seconds for ISUP grade ≥2 by an experienced reader. The weighted kappa to determine positivity of DCE MRI was 0.622 for ≤72 seconds and 0.527 for ≤56 seconds between the two readers. The added value of DCE MRI was 55-75% by an experienced reader and 39.1-69.6% by a less-experienced reader. CONCLUSION For interpreting PI-RADSv2, imaging findings within 60-72 seconds following contrast media injection seem to reliably determine positivity of DCE MRI in PZ, and have added value for detecting csPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bae
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N H Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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