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Chang E, Lee J, Kim J, Seok JH, Bae J, Kim J, Park H, Jang C, Kang S, Lim SY, Kim JY, Yang J, Kim K, Lee J, Park M, Kim S. Mutational analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in immunocompromised patients with persistent viral detection using whole genome sequencing. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1462. [PMID: 37929659 PMCID: PMC10626488 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Euijin Chang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute for Viral Diseases, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jun‐Won Kim
- Division of Emerging Virus and Vector ResearchCenter for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute for Viral Diseases, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Joon‐Yong Bae
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute for Viral Diseases, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute for Viral Diseases, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute for Viral Diseases, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Choi‐Young Jang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Woon Kang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - So Yun Lim
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeun Kim
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Sun Yang
- Division of Emerging Virus and Vector ResearchCenter for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Chang Kim
- Division of Emerging Virus and Vector ResearchCenter for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Joo‐Yeon Lee
- Division of Emerging Virus and Vector ResearchCenter for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Man‐Seong Park
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute for Viral Diseases, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Han Kim
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Lee K, Seok JH, Kim H, Park S, Lee S, Bae JY, Jeon K, Kang JG, Yoo JR, Heo ST, Cho NH, Lee KH, Kim K, Park MS, Kim JI. Genome-informed investigation of the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011630. [PMID: 37713429 PMCID: PMC10529592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a viral pathogen causing significant clinical signs from mild fever with thrombocytopenia to severe hemorrhages. World Health Organization has paid special attention to the dramatic increase in human SFTS cases in China, Japan, and South Korea since the 2010s. The present study investigated the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of SFTSVs using complete genomic sequences. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDING We collected the complete genome sequences of SFTSVs globally isolated until 2019 (L segment, n = 307; M segment, n = 326; and S segment, n = 564) and evaluated the evolutionary profiles of SFTSVs based on phylogenetic and molecular selection pressure analyses. By employing a time-scaled Bayesian inference method, we found the geographical heterogeneity of dominant SFTSV genotypes in China, Japan, and South Korea around several centuries before and locally spread by tick-born spillover with infrequent long-distance transmission. Purifying selection predominated the molecular evolution of SFTSVs with limited gene reassortment and fixed substitution, but almost all three gene segments appeared to harbor at least one amino acid residue under positive selection. Specifically, the nonstructural protein and glycoprotein (Gn/Gc) genes were preferential selective targets, and the Gn region retained the highest number of positively selected residues. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Here, the large-scale genomic analyses of SFTSVs improved prior knowledge of how this virus emerged and evolved in China, Japan, and South Korea. Our results highlight the importance of SFTSV surveillance in both human and non-human reservoirs at the molecular level to fight against fatal human infection with the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeen Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory for Vector Borne Disease, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hyun H, Jang AY, Park H, Heo JY, Seo YB, Nham E, Yoon JG, Seong H, Noh JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Yoon SY, Seok JH, Kim J, Park MS, Song JY. Humoral and cellular immunogenicity of homologous and heterologous booster vaccination in Ad26.COV2.S-primed individuals: Comparison by breakthrough infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131229. [PMID: 36960070 PMCID: PMC10027912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether or not a single-dose Ad26.COV2.S prime and boost vaccination induces sufficient immunity is unclear. Concerns about the increased risk of breakthrough infections in the Ad26.COV2.S-primed population have also been raised. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted. Participants included healthy adults who were Ad26.COV2.S primed and scheduled to receive a booster vaccination with BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or Ad26.COV2.S. The IgG anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers, neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers (against wild type [WT] and Omicron [BA.1 and BA.5]), and Spike-specific interferon-γ responses of the participants were estimated at baseline, 3-4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after booster vaccination. Results A total of 89 participants were recruited (26 boosted with BNT162b2, 57 with mRNA-1273, and 7 with Ad26.COV2.S). The IgG anti-RBD antibody titers of all participants were significantly higher at 6 months post-vaccination than at baseline. The NAb titers against WT at 3 months post-vaccination were 359, 258, and 166 in the participants from the BNT162b2-, mRNA-1273-, and Ad26.COV2.S-boosted groups, respectively. Compared with those against WT, the NAb titers against BA.1/BA.5 were lower by 23.9/10.9-, 16.6/7.4-, and 13.8/7.2-fold in the participants from the BNT162b2-, mRNA-1273-, and Ad26.COV2.S-boosted groups, respectively, at 3 months post-vaccination. Notably, the NAb titers against BA.1 were not boosted after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. Breakthrough infections occurred in 53.8%, 62.5%, and 42.9% of the participants from the BNT162b2-, mRNA-1273-, and Ad26.COV2.S-boosted groups, respectively. No significant difference in humoral and cellular immunity was found between individuals with and without SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Conclusion Booster vaccination elicited acceptable humoral and cellular immune responses in Ad26.COV2.S-primed individuals. However, the neutralizing activities against Omicron subvariants were negligible, and breakthrough infection rates were remarkably high at 3 months post-booster vaccination, irrespective of the vaccine type. A booster dose of a vaccine containing the Omicron variant antigen would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakjun Hyun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Yeung Jang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Seo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eliel Nham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jineui Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Man-Seong Park, ; Joon Young Song,
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Man-Seong Park, ; Joon Young Song,
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Shin Y, Kim J, Seok JH, Park H, Cha HR, Ko SH, Lee JM, Park MS, Park JH. Author Correction: Development of the H3N2 influenza microneedle vaccine for cross-protection against antigenic variants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16540. [PMID: 36192424 PMCID: PMC9530115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yura Shin
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Cha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Si Hwan Ko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Shin Y, Kim J, Seok JH, Park H, Cha HR, Ko SH, Lee JM, Park MS, Park JH. Development of the H3N2 influenza microneedle vaccine for cross-protection against antigenic variants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12189. [PMID: 35842468 PMCID: PMC9287697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the continuously mutating nature of the H3N2 virus, two aspects were considered when preparing the H3N2 microneedle vaccines: (1) rapid preparation and (2) cross-protection against multiple antigenic variants. Previous methods of measuring hemagglutinin (HA) content required the standard antibody, thus rapid preparation of H3N2 microneedle vaccines targeting the mutant H3N2 was delayed as a result of lacking a standard antibody. In this study, H3N2 microneedle vaccines were prepared by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) without the use of an antibody, and the cross-protection of the vaccines against several antigenic variants was observed. The HA content measured by HPLC was compared with that measured by ELISA to observe the accuracy of the HPLC analysis of HA content. The cross-protection afforded by the H3N2 microneedle vaccines was evaluated against several antigenic variants in mice. Microneedle vaccines for the 2019–20 seasonal H3N2 influenza virus (19–20 A/KS/17) were prepared using a dip-coating process. The cross-protection of 19–20 A/KS/17 H3N2 microneedle vaccines against the 2015–16 seasonal H3N2 influenza virus in mice was investigated by monitoring body weight changes and survival rate. The neutralizing antibody against several H3N2 antigenic variants was evaluated using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). HA content in the solid microneedle vaccine formulation with trehalose post-exposure at 40℃ for 24 h was 48% and 43% from the initial HA content by HPLC and ELISA, respectively. The vaccine was administered to two groups of mice, one by microneedles and the other by intramuscular injection (IM). In vivo efficacies in the two groups were found to be similar, and cross-protection efficacy was also similar in both groups. HPLC exhibited good diagnostic performance with H3N2 microneedle vaccines and good agreement with ELISA. The H3N2 microneedle vaccines elicited a cross-protective immune response against the H3N2 antigenic variants. Here, we propose the use of HPLC for a more rapid approach in preparing H3N2 microneedle vaccines targeting H3N2 virus variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Shin
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Cha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Si Hwan Ko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. .,QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine Co., Ltd, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Park H, Park MS, Seok JH, You J, Kim J, Kim J, Park MS. Insights into the immune responses of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to COVID-19 vaccines. J Microbiol 2022; 60:308-320. [PMID: 35235179 PMCID: PMC8890016 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The three types of approved coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines that have been emergency-use listed (EUL) by the World Health Organization are mRNA vaccines, adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and inactivated vaccines. Canonical vaccine developments usually take years or decades to be completed to commercialization; however, the EUL vaccines being used in the current situation comprise several COVID-19 vaccine candidates applied in studies and clinical settings across the world. The extraordinary circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic have necessitated the emergency authorization of these EUL vaccines, which have been rapidly developed. Although the benefits of the EUL vaccines outweigh their adverse effects, there have been reports of rare but fatal cases directly associated with COVID-19 vaccinations. Thus, a reassessment of the immunological rationale underlying EUL vaccines in relation to COVID-19 caused by SARSCOV-2 virus infection is now required. In this review, we discuss the manifestations of COVID-19, immunologically projected effects of EUL vaccines, reported immune responses, informed issues related to COVID-19 vaccination, and the potential strategies for future vaccine use against antigenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan You
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jineui Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Jang S, Kang J, Park SB, Han YW, Nam H, Kim M, Lee J, Cho KJ, Kim J, Oh M, Ryu J, Seok JH, Kim Y, Lee JB, Park MS, Kim YS, Park H, Kim DS. MG1141A as a Highly Potent Monoclonal Neutralizing Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Front Immunol 2021; 12:778829. [PMID: 34868052 PMCID: PMC8637776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease outbreak in 2019, several antibody therapeutics have been developed to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Antibody therapeutics are effective in neutralizing the virus and reducing hospitalization in patients with mild and moderate infections. These therapeutics target the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2; however, emerging mutations in this protein reduce their efficiency. In this study, we developed a universal SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. We generated a humanized monoclonal antibody, MG1141A, against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein through traditional mouse immunization. We confirmed that MG1141A could effectively neutralize live viruses, with an EC50 of 92 pM, and that it exhibited effective Fc-mediated functions. Additionally, it retained its neutralizing activity against the alpha (UK), beta (South Africa), and gamma (Brazil) variants of SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, our study contributes to the development of a novel antibody therapeutic approach, which can effectively combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sua Lee
- Department of Protein Engineering, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Shina Jang
- Department of Protein Engineering, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Protein Engineering, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Soo Bin Park
- Department of Protein Engineering, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Han
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hyemi Nam
- Department of Target ID & Assay Development, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Munkyung Kim
- Department of Target ID & Assay Development, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Target ID & Assay Development, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Ki Joon Cho
- Department of Protein Engineering, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Oh
- Department of Protein Engineering, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jihye Ryu
- Department of Translational Research, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunhwa Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jee-Boong Lee
- Department of Target ID & Assay Development, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hosun Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Kim
- Department of Protein Engineering, Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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You J, Seok JH, Joo M, Bae JY, Kim JI, Park MS, Kim K. Multifactorial Traits of SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Related to Diverse Host Proteases and Proteins. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:249-262. [PMID: 33875625 PMCID: PMC8094071 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The most effective way to control newly emerging infectious disease, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, is to strengthen preventative or therapeutic public health strategies before the infection spreads worldwide. However, global health systems remain at the early stages in anticipating effective therapeutics or vaccines to combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While maintaining social distance is the most crucial metric to avoid spreading the virus, symptomatic therapy given to patients on the clinical manifestations helps save lives. The molecular properties of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been quickly elucidated, paving the way to therapeutics, vaccine development, and other medical interventions. Despite this progress, the detailed biomolecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains elusive. Given virus invasion of cells is a determining factor for virulence, understanding the viral entry process can be a mainstay in controlling newly emerged viruses. Since viral entry is mediated by selective cellular proteases or proteins associated with receptors, identification and functional analysis of these proteins could provide a way to disrupt virus propagation. This review comprehensively discusses cellular machinery necessary for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding multifactorial traits of the virus entry will provide a substantial guide to facilitate antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan You
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsoo Joo
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Seok JH, Kim H, Lee DB, An JS, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Chung MS, Kim KH. Divalent cation-induced conformational changes of influenza virus hemagglutinin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15457. [PMID: 32963316 PMCID: PMC7508890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Divalent cations Cu2+ and Zn2+ can prevent the viral growth in mammalian cells during influenza infection, and viral titers decrease significantly on a copper surface. The underlying mechanisms include DNA damage by radicals, modulation of viral protease, M1 or neuraminidase, and morphological changes in viral particles. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying divalent cation-mediated antiviral activities are unclear. An unexpected observation of this study was that a Zn2+ ion is bound by Glu68 and His137 residues at the head regions of two neighboring trimers in the crystal structure of hemagglutinin (HA) derived from A/Thailand/CU44/2006. The binding of Zn2+ at high concentrations induced multimerization of HA and decreased its acid stability. The acid-induced conformational change of HA occurred even at neutral pH in the presence of Zn2+. The fusion of viral and host endosomal membranes requires substantial conformational changes in HA upon exposure to acidic pH. Therefore, our results suggest that binding of Zn2+ may facilitate the conformational changes of HA, analogous to that induced by acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Dan Bi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Jeong Suk An
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea.
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Kim H, Lim CY, Lee DB, Seok JH, Kim KH, Chung MS. Inhibitory Effects of Laminaria japonica Fucoidans Against Noroviruses. Viruses 2020; 12:E997. [PMID: 32906822 PMCID: PMC7552056 DOI: 10.3390/v12090997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is the leading cause of nonbacterial foodborne disease outbreaks. Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) bind to histo-blood group antigens as the host receptor for infection. In this study, the inhibitory effects of fucoidans from brown algae, Laminaria japonica (LJ), Undaria pinnatifida and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll, were evaluated against murine norovirus (MNoV), feline calicivirus (FCV) and HuNoV. Pretreatment of MNoV or FCV with the fucoidans at 1 mg/mL showed high antiviral activities, with 1.1 average log reductions of viral titers in plaque assays. They also showed significant inhibition on the binding of the P domains of HuNoV GII.4 and GII.17 to A- or O-type saliva and the LJ fucoidan was the most effective, reaching 54-72% inhibition at 1 mg/mL. In STAT1-/- mice infected with MNoV, oral administration of the LJ fucoidan, composed of mainly sulfated fucose and minor amounts of glucose and galactose, improved the survival rates of mice and significantly reduced the viral titers in their feces. Overall, these results provide the LJ fucoidan can be used to reduce NoV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea; (H.K.); (C.Y.L.)
| | - Chae Yeon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea; (H.K.); (C.Y.L.)
| | - Dan Bi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (D.B.L.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (D.B.L.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (D.B.L.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea; (H.K.); (C.Y.L.)
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Seok JH, Lee DB, An JS, Jung HB, Han KR, Lee JH, Chung MS, Kim KH. Effects of zinc ion on oligomerization and pH stability of influenza virus hemagglutinin. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767319098751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bae G, Kim J, Kim H, Seok JH, Lee DB, Kim KH, Chung MS. Inactivation of norovirus surrogates by kimchi fermentation in the presence of black raspberry. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Lee JH, Seok JH, Kim KH. Accessing protein conformations of green fluorescent protein NowGFP at cryogenic and room temperature using X-ray crystallography. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767318096319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Lee DB, Kim JM, Seok JH, Lee JH, Jo JD, Mun JY, Conrad C, Coe J, Nelson G, Hogue B, White TA, Zatsepin N, Weierstall U, Barty A, Chapman H, Fromme P, Spence J, Chung MS, Oh CH, Kim KH. Supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization and visualization analysis for serial femtosecond crystallography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2541. [PMID: 29416086 PMCID: PMC5803221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography with X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) holds the potential to view fast reactions occurring at near-physiological temperature. However, production and characterization of homogeneous micron-sized protein crystals at high density remain a bottleneck, due to the lack of the necessary equipments in ordinary laboratories. We describe here supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization and visualization and analysis tools that can be easily used in any laboratory. The microcrystallization conditions of the influenza virus hemagglutinin were initially obtained with low reproducibility, which was improved by employing a rapid evaporation of hanging drops. Supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization was then developed in a vapor diffusion mode, where supersaturation was induced by evaporation in hanging drops sequentially for durations ranging from 30 sec to 3 min, depending on the protein. It was applied successfully to the microcrystal formation of lysozyme, ferritin and hemagglutinin with high density. Moreover, visualization and analysis tools were developed to characterize the microcrystals observed by light microscopy. The size and density distributions of microcrystals analyzed by the tools were found to be consistent with the results of manual analysis, further validated by high-resolution microscopic analyses. Our supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization and visualization and analysis tools will provide universal access to successful XFEL studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Electronics & Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jae Deok Jo
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chelsie Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jesse Coe
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Garrett Nelson
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Brenda Hogue
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas A White
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Zatsepin
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Fromme
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - John Spence
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electronics & Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Korea.
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea.
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15
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Seok JH, Kim J, Lee DB, Cho KJ, Lee JH, Bae G, Chung MS, Kim KH. Conformational modulation of influenza virus hemagglutinin: characterization and in vivo efficacy of monomeric form. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7540. [PMID: 28790432 PMCID: PMC5548806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutational changes that mostly occur at the head region of hemagglutinin (HA) lead to the emergence of new epidemic influenza viruses, whereas HA antigens have been modified to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies toward highly conserved epitopes in the HA stem. Interestingly, a recent analysis of serum antibody repertoires showed that broadly neutralizing antibodies bind to HA monomer at a conserved region occluded at the intermonomer interface of HA trimer and confer protection in animal models. We showed previously that the recombinant HA ectodomain from a pandemic strain A/Korea/01/2009 was monomeric in solution and crystal structure. In order to examine the potential antigenicity of a monomeric form, we designed HA monomer that incorporates mutations to destabilize trimer conformations. Starting with the HA trimer from a seasonal strain A/Thailand/CU44/2006, mutations were introduced at the intermonomer interface, Ser199 of HA1 and Gly47, Arg75, Phe88, Val91, and Arg106 of HA2. Two mutants, F88E and V91W, were characterized to form a monomer and their double mutant F88E/V91W monomer was selected as an antigen. Animal studies showed that the HA monomer induced protective immunity in vivo, comparable to the trimer, albeit low antibody titers in sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Jeongwon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Dan Bi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Ki Joon Cho
- Antibody Engineering Team, Mogam Institute, Yongin Kyunggi, 16924, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Garam Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea.
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16
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Kim S, Lee JH, Seok JH, Park YH, Jung SW, Cho AE, Lee C, Chung MS, Kim KH. Structural Basis of Novel Iron-Uptake Route and Reaction Intermediates in Ferritins from Gram-Negative Bacteria. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:5007-5018. [PMID: 27777002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron and oxygen chemistry is mediated by iron proteins for many biological functions. Carboxylate-bridged diiron enzymes including ferritin have the common mechanism of oxygen activation via peroxodiferric intermediates. However, the route for iron uptake and the structural identification of intermediates still remain incomplete. The 4-fold symmetry channel of Helicobacter pylori ferritin was previously proposed as the iron-uptake route in eubacteria, but the amino acid residues at the 4-fold channel are not highly conserved. Here, we show evidence for a short path for iron uptake from His93 on the surface to the ferroxidase center in H. pylori ferritin and Escherichia coli ferritin. The amino acid residues along this path are highly conserved in Gram-negative bacteria and some archaea, and the mutants containing S20A and H93L showed significantly decreased iron oxidation. Surprisingly, the E. coli ferritin S20A crystal structure showed oxygen binding and side-on, symmetric μ-η2:η2 peroxodiferric and oxodiferric intermediates. The results provide the structural basis for understanding the chemical nature of intermediates in iron oxidation in bacteria and some of archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sella Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Yi-Ho Park
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Sang Won Jung
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Art E Cho
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Functional Proteomics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
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Lee JH, Oh M, Seok JH, Kim S, Lee DB, Bae G, Bae HI, Bae SY, Hong YM, Kwon SO, Lee DH, Song CS, Mun JY, Chung MS, Kim KH. Antiviral Effects of Black Raspberry (Rubus coreanus) Seed and Its Gallic Acid against Influenza Virus Infection. Viruses 2016; 8:v8060157. [PMID: 27275830 PMCID: PMC4926177 DOI: 10.3390/v8060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a serious public health concern worldwide, as it causes significant morbidity and mortality. The emergence of drug-resistant viral strains requires new approaches for the treatment of influenza. In this study, Rubus coreanus seed (RCS) that is left over from the production of wine or juice was found to show antiviral activities against influenza type A and B viruses. Using the time-of-addition plaque assay, viral replication was almost completely abolished by simultaneous treatment with the RCS fraction of less than a 1-kDa molecular weight (RCSF1). One of the polyphenols derived from RCSF1, gallic acid (GA), identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, showed inhibitory effects against both influenza type A and B viruses, albeit at relatively high concentrations. RCSF1 was bound to hemagglutinin protein, inhibited hemagglutination significantly and disrupted viral particles, whereas GA was found to only disrupt the viral particles by using transmission electron microscopy. In BALB/c mice infected with influenza virus, oral administration of RCSF1 significantly improved the survival rate and reduced the viral titers in the lungs. Our results demonstrate that RCSF1 and GA show potent and broad antiviral activity against influenza A and B type viruses and are promising sources of agents that target virus particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea.
| | - Mi Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea.
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea.
| | - Sella Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea.
| | - Dan Bi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea.
| | - Garam Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea.
| | - Hae-In Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea.
| | - Seon Young Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea.
| | - Young-Min Hong
- R & D Center, Dong-il Shimadzu Corp., Seoul 08506, Korea.
| | - Sang-Oh Kwon
- S & D Co., Ltd., Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28156, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 13135, Korea.
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea.
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea.
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18
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Lee JH, Bae SY, Oh M, Seok JH, Kim S, Chung YB, Gowda K G, Mun JY, Chung MS, Kim KH. Antiviral effects of black raspberry (Rubus coreanus) seed extract and its polyphenolic compounds on norovirus surrogates. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1196-204. [PMID: 26983677 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1151337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Black raspberry seeds, a byproduct of wine and juice production, contain large quantities of polyphenolic compounds. The antiviral effects of black raspberry seed extract (RCS) and its fraction with molecular weight less than 1 kDa (RCS-F1) were examined against food-borne viral surrogates, murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) and feline calicivirus-F9 (FCV-F9). The maximal antiviral effect was achieved when RCS or RCS-F1 was added simultaneously to cells with MNV-1 or FCV-F9, reaching complete inhibition at 0.1-1 mg/mL. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed enlarged viral capsids or disruption (from 35 nm to up to 100 nm) by RCS-F1. Our results thus suggest that RCS-F1 can interfere with the attachment of viral surface protein to host cells. Further, two polyphenolic compounds derived from RCS-F1, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and gallic acid, identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, showed inhibitory effects against the viruses. C3G was suggested to bind to MNV-1 RNA polymerase and to enlarge viral capsids using differential scanning fluorimetry and TEM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- a Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics , Korea University , Sejong , Korea
| | - Sun Young Bae
- b Department of Food and Nutrition , Duksung Women's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Mi Oh
- b Department of Food and Nutrition , Duksung Women's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- a Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics , Korea University , Sejong , Korea
| | - Sella Kim
- a Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics , Korea University , Sejong , Korea
| | - Yeon Bin Chung
- a Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics , Korea University , Sejong , Korea
| | - Giri Gowda K
- a Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics , Korea University , Sejong , Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- c Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science , Eulji University , Gyeonggi-do , Korea
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- b Department of Food and Nutrition , Duksung Women's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- a Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics , Korea University , Sejong , Korea
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Cho KJ, Park Y, Khan T, Lee JH, Kim S, Seok JH, Chung YB, Cho AE, Choi Y, Chang TS, Kim KH. Crystal Structure of Dimeric Human Peroxiredoxin-1 C83S Mutant. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Joon Cho
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Korea University; Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - YiHo Park
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Korea University; Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - Taslima Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Korea University; Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Korea University; Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - Sella Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Korea University; Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Korea University; Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - Yeon Bin Chung
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Korea University; Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - Art E. Cho
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Korea University; Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - Yongseok Choi
- Department of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- Department of Pharmacology; Ewha Women's University; Seoul 121-742 Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Korea University; Sejong 339-700 Korea
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Lee JH, Chung YB, Seok JH, Han KR, Kim S, Kim KH. Structural basis for VPg-induced formation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase multimeric complexes. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273314083983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is the leading cause of epidemic acute, nonbacterial gastroenteritis, and adopts de novo and VPg (Virion protein genome linked)-primed RNA synthesis by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). To understand the interaction between RdRp and VPg in replication of murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1), we determined the crystal structure of MNV-1 RdRp-VPg(1-73)-RNA complex. VPg was bound to the base of the palm domain and the tip of the fingers domain of RdRp simultaneously, but RNA template could not be modeled. The binding affinity constants (Kd) for RdRp-VPg was 3.7411.57 nM and VPg(1-73) showed approximately 90-fold less affinity than that of full-length VPg. In addition to this multiple binding mode, VPg enhanced the interactions of RdRp hexamers, leading to the formation of high-order multimers or tubular fibrils with significantly increased polymerase activity, confirmed by electron microscopic and biochemical studies. Our data indicated that MNV-1 VPg with helical structure was bound to RdRp at multiple sites and induces RdRp multimerization in viral replication. The multimers of RdRp-VPg-RNA can provide a mechanistic understanding of viral polymerase multimeric arrays and a new tool for development of antivirals to control norovirus outbreaks. This work was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs (A085119 K.H.K), Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF-2013R1A1A2064940, L.J-H), Korea University Grant (L.J-H), and the BK21 plus program of the Ministry of Education, Korea.
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Kim TH, Na KJ, Seok JH, Heo SJ, Park JH, Kim JS. A retrospective analysis of 29 isolated sphenoid fungus ball cases from a medical centre in Korea (1999-2012). Rhinology 2013; 51:280-6. [PMID: 23943738 DOI: 10.4193/rhino12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated sphenoid sinus disease (ISSD) is rare. Fungus ball (FB) is the third most common ISSD. We analysed the characteristics of isolated sphenoid FB based on demographic data, presenting symptoms, preoperative computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and treatment outcomes. METHODOLOGY From 1999 to 2012, 29 patients were identified with isolated sphenoid FB. Demographic data; clinical characteristics; endoscopic, CT, and MRI findings and treatment outcomes were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS The most common symptom was headaches, which were localized in various regions of the brain. Other symptoms were uncommon. The most common CT findings were sclerosis, calcification, enlarged sinus and total opacification. On T2-weighted MRI images, we most commonly observed signal void. Endoscopic transnasal paraseptal sphenoidotomy was performed in all patients, and for most, this was performed under local anaesthesia. No recurrence was observed in any patient. CONCLUSION Isolated sphenoid FB is predominantly observed in older women, and it is characterised by headaches and sclerosis of the sinus wall observed on CT scans. In cases of isolated sphenoid FB, endoscopic transnasal paraseptal sphenoidotomy can be successfully performed under local anaesthesia, which may facilitate rapid recovery and a low morbidity rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Cho KJ, Lee JH, Hong KW, Kim SH, Park Y, Lee JY, Kang S, Kim S, Yang JH, Kim EK, Seok JH, Unzai S, Park SY, Saelens X, Kim CJ, Lee JY, Kang C, Oh HB, Chung MS, Kim KH. Insight into structural diversity of influenza virus haemagglutinin. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1712-1722. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.051136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infects host cells through membrane fusion, a process mediated by the low pH-induced conformational change of the viral surface glycoprotein haemagglutinin (HA). We determined the structures and biochemical properties of the HA proteins from A/Korea/01/2009 (KR01), a 2009 pandemic strain, and A/Thailand/CU44/2006 (CU44), a seasonal strain. The crystal structure of KR01 HA revealed a V-shaped head-to-head arrangement, which is not seen in other HA proteins including CU44 HA. We isolated a broadly neutralizing H1-specific monoclonal antibody GC0757. The KR01 HA-Fab0757 complex structure also exhibited a head-to-head arrangement of HA. Both native and Fab complex structures reveal a different spatial orientation of HA1 relative to HA2, indicating that HA is flexible and dynamic at neutral pH. Further, the KR01 HA exhibited significantly lower protein stability and increased susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage compared with other HAs. Our structures provide important insights into the conformational flexibility of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Joon Cho
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Kwang W. Hong
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, Central Research Center, Green Cross Corp., Yongin Kyunggi 446-799, Korea
| | - Se-Ho Kim
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, Central Research Center, Green Cross Corp., Yongin Kyunggi 446-799, Korea
| | - Yiho Park
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Seokha Kang
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Sella Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Yang
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Eui-Ki Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Satoru Unzai
- Protein Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sam Yong Park
- Protein Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, DaeJeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Influenza Virus Team, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Chungbuk 363-951, Korea
| | - Chun Kang
- Influenza Virus Team, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Chungbuk 363-951, Korea
| | - Hee-Bok Oh
- Influenza Virus Team, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Chungbuk 363-951, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 132-714, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
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Abstract
Influenza epidemics arise through the accumulation of viral genetic changes. The emergence of new virus strains coincides with a higher level of influenza-like illness (ILI), which is seen as a peak of a normal season. Monitoring the spread of an epidemic influenza in populations is a difficult and important task. Twitter is a free social networking service whose messages can improve the accuracy of forecasting models by providing early warnings of influenza outbreaks. In this study, we have examined the use of information embedded in the Hangeul Twitter stream to detect rapidly evolving public awareness or concern with respect to influenza transmission and developed regression models that can track levels of actual disease activity and predict influenza epidemics in the real world. Our prediction model using a delay mode provides not only a real-time assessment of the current influenza epidemic activity but also a significant improvement in prediction performance at the initial phase of ILI peak when prediction is of most importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Ki Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jang Seok Oh
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hyong Woo Lee
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
- * E-mail: (HWL); (KHK)
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
- * E-mail: (HWL); (KHK)
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Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) ventriculoencephalitis is a rare but serious potential complication of CMV infection in immunocompromised patients. Characteristic diffusion-weighted imaging findings can be helpful for the diagnosis of CMV ventriculitis, as in this case report.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Seok
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Won M, Park KA, Byun HS, Sohn KC, Kim YR, Jeon J, Hong JH, Park J, Seok JH, Kim JM, Yoon WH, Jang IS, Shen HM, Liu ZG, Hur GM. Novel anti-apoptotic mechanism of A20 through targeting ASK1 to suppress TNF-induced JNK activation. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1830-41. [PMID: 20448643 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc-finger protein A20 has crucial physiological functions as a dual inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and apoptosis in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 signaling pathway. Although the molecular basis for the anti-NF-κB function of A20 has been well elucidated, the anti-apoptotic function of A20 is largely unknown. Here, we report a novel mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic function of A20: A20 blocks TNF-induced apoptosis through suppression of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by targeting apoptosis signal-regulating kinase1 (ASK1). First, the ectopic expression of A20 drastically inhibits TNF-induced JNK activation and apoptosis in multiple cell types including those deficient of NF-κB activation. Unexpectedly, the blunting effect of A20 on TNF-induced JNK activation is not mediated by affecting the TNFR1 signaling complex formation. Instead, A20 interacts with ASK1, an important MAPKK kinase in the JNK signaling cascade. More importantly, overexpression of wild-type A20, but not of mutant A20 (ZnF4; C624A, C627A), promotes degradation of the ASK1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Taken together, the results from this study reveal a novel anti-apoptotic mechanism of A20 in TNF signaling pathway: A20 binds to ASK1 and mediates ASK1 degradation, leading to suppression of JNK activation and eventually blockage of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Won
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Byun HS, Song JK, Kim YR, Piao L, Won M, Park KA, Choi BL, Lee H, Hong JH, Park J, Seok JH, Lee YJ, Kang SW, Hur GM. Caspase-8 has an essential role in resveratrol-induced apoptosis of rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:301-8. [PMID: 18276737 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol, which possesses chemotherapeutic potential through its ability to trigger apoptosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the major determinant for the apoptotic cell death induction by resveratrol in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from patients with RA. METHODS The effect of resveratrol on apoptotic cell death was quantified in a population of subG1 in RA FLS by flow cytometry. The underlying signalling mechanism for apoptotic death was examined by analysing mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of the caspase cascade and translocation of Bid. RESULTS We show that activation of caspase-8 is essential for triggering resveratrol-induced apoptotic signalling via the involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in RA FLS. Our findings also suggest that this enhanced apoptosis caused by resveratrol occurred in RA FLS irrespective of p53 status. Exposure to resveratrol caused extensive apoptotic cell death, along with a caspase-dependent (activation of caspase-9 and -3, poly ADPribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage and mitochondrial cytochrome c release) or caspase-independent [translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the nucleus] signalling pathway. Analysis of upstream signalling events affected by resveratrol revealed that the activated caspase-8 triggered mitochondrial apoptotic events by inducing Bid cleavage without any alteration in the levels of Bax, Bcl-xL or Bcl2. The caspase-8 inhibitor or over-expression of crmA abrogated cell death induced by resveratrol and prevented processing of the downstream cascade. CONCLUSION The results suggest that resveratrol causes activation of caspase-8, which in turn results in modulation of mitochondrial apoptotic machinery to promote apoptosis of RA FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Daejeon, Korea
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Seok JH, Komisar SJ. Comparison of suspended growth and hybrid systems for nitrogen removal in ammonium bisulfite pulp mill wastewater. Environ Technol 2003; 24:31-42. [PMID: 12641250 DOI: 10.1080/09593330309385533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of bench-scale nitrification/denitrification tests were carried out with both suspended growth and hybrid bioreactors. The hybrid reactor was filled with plastic (polyethylene) media to evaluate the effects of biofilm. Two types of reactor configurations were tested; 4-compartment and 6-compartment modes. The experiments were initiated with a half-strength pulp and paper wastewater and its strength increased stepwise to the raw wastewater. Solid retention time was fixed at 10 days after a start-up period while hydraulic retention time was extensively varied from 3.5 to 0.5 days. The results from each type of reactor were compared in terms of nitrification/denitrification efficiency and stability. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid system showed greater stability in nitrification and higher denitrification efficiency than the suspended growth system. In the hybrid system, attached volatile solids formed 61- 72% of total volatile solids in the reactor and the amount of attached volatile solids insignificantly varied with the organic loading rate (0.37 - 2.76 kg COD M(-3) d(-1)) after initial biomass attachment. Under the conditions tested (0.1 - 2.8 kg COD m(-3) d(-1)), organic loading rate insignificantly influenced the nitrification. Better performance was obtained in denitrification when the anoxic zone was better isolated from the aerobic compartments (6-compartment mode). Overall, the hybrid system with fixed-film growth had better resistance to upset caused by transients such as changes in influent composition or hydraulic retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Seok
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 319 MRC, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8h Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Hur GM, Ryu YS, Hong JH, Bae SH, Bae JY, Paik SG, Kim YM, Seok JH, Lee JH. Serum after partial hepatectomy stimulates iNOS gene transcription via downstream NF-kappa B site. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:607-13. [PMID: 11396944 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is up-regulated during hepatic regeneration. The present study characterized the molecular mechanisms involved in the transcriptional activation of iNOS gene by using the serum after partial hepatectomy (post-PH serum) in vitro. The post-PH serum rapidly induced iNOS mRNA expression, which was blocked by anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antibody in BNL CL.2 cells, murine embryonic liver cell line. In addition, EMSAs using a NF-kappa B-specific oligomer showed that the up-regulated iNOS mRNA expression in cells treated with post-PH serum correlated with transient activation of NF-kappa B complex (p50/p65 heterodimer). Transient transfection of BNL CL.2 cells with iNOS promoter linked to a CAT reporter gene showed the transcriptional activation of iNOS promoter by post-PH serum. Furthermore, site-directed mutational analysis of the two NF-kappa B sites individually or in combination revealed that iNOS expression by post-PH serum is regulated by the downstream NF-kappa B site, but not by upstream NF-kappa B site. Taken together, these results suggest that the downstream NF-kappa B site acts as an essential component for the iNOS expression by post-PH serum during hepatic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Taejon, Korea, 301-131.
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Ryu YS, Lee JH, Seok JH, Hong JH, Lee YS, Lim JH, Kim YM, Hur GM. Acetaminophen inhibits iNOS gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages: differential regulation of NF-kappaB by acetaminophen and salicylates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 272:758-64. [PMID: 10860828 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that is considered a good alternative to salicylates for individuals who cannot tolerate salicylates. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated as a mediator of inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory effect of salicylates lies in the inhibition of iNOS, but nothing has been reported about the direct effect of iNOS expression by acetaminophen. The present study was designed to elucidate sequentially the action mechanisms of acetaminophen and salicylates (aspirin and sodium salicylate) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Both acetaminophen and salicylates inhibited NO production and iNOS protein expression in a dose dependent manner. Acetaminophen inhibited iNOS mRNA expression, promoter activity of iNOS gene and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding activity induced by LPS plus IFN-gamma, whereas salicylates did not show any effect on them. In addition, salicylates did not affect on iNOS mRNA stability induced by LPS plus IFN-gamma. Furthermore, the inhibition of iNOS protein expression and NO production by salicylates was disappeared when salicylates were added for only 5 h to inhibit the early event of iNOS expression. Aspirin also dose dependently inhibited iNOS enzyme activity in cell-free extracts, whereas no significant differences were observed in extracts treated with sodium salicylate or acetaminophen. These findings suggest that acetaminophen may exert analgesic or anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting iNOS expression induced by LPS plus IFN-gamma at transcriptional level by suppression of NF-kappaB binding activity, whereas salicylates exert its effect by inhibiting iNOS expression at the translational or posttranslational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University, Korea
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Sung JY, Hong JH, Kang HS, Choi I, Lim SD, Lee JK, Seok JH, Lee JH, Hur GM. Methotrexate suppresses the interleukin-6 induced generation of reactive oxygen species in the synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunopharmacology 2000; 47:35-44. [PMID: 10708808 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Various cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a fundamental role in the inflammatory and immunologic processes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and its effect may be partly due to the modulation of immunologic or inflammatory reactions by some cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the effects of MTX on the gene expression and synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the proliferative activity and the production of ROS in the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) obtained from the patient of RA. The expression or production of IL-6 was induced spontaneously, and augmented by the addition of recombinant human IL-6 or recombinant human IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in FLSs. These spontaneous and augmented IL-6 expressions or productions were suppressed by treatment with low-concentration of MTX (1 microg/ml). Also, IL-6 stimulated the proliferation of FLSs, and this IL-6 driven proliferation was inhibited with the treatment of MTX or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 1 mM). Furthermore, ROS production in FLSs was increased significantly by IL-6, and its effect was also abrogated in the presence of MTX or NAC. These results suggest that inflammatory reaction in the synovium of RA patients could be augmented by the autocrine or other cytokine-induced production of IL-6 with subsequent generation of ROS in the synoviocytes, and the modulations of IL-6 synthesis and ROS production may contribute to the therapeutic effects of MTX for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejon, South Korea
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Hur GM, Ryu YS, Yun HY, Jeon BH, Kim YM, Seok JH, Lee JH. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in rats induces iNOS gene transcription by activation of NF-kappaB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 261:917-22. [PMID: 10441525 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been known that many immediately early genes are expressed during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, employing a model of hepatic I/R, we show that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced via the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) after I/R in rat liver. When liver was subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion, but not ischemia alone, an NF-kappaB complex composed of p50/p65 heterodimer and p50 homodimer was rapidly activated within 1 h and remained elevated for up to 3 h, and then tended to decline after 5 h of reperfusion. Also, the expression of iNOS mRNA was initiated after 1 h and continued to increase after 5 h of reperfusion during the time course studied. This upregulated iNOS mRNA expression coincides with increased iNOS enzyme activity and NF-kappaB binding activity after hepatic I/R. Administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 20 mg/kg i.v. 10 min before reperfusion), an antioxidant, not only significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS mRNA but also blocked upregulated NF-kappaB binding activity after reperfused liver. These results suggest that NF-kappaB is activated by oxidative stress during hepatic I/R and may play a significant role in the induction of the iNOS gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Hur
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Taejon, 301-131, Korea
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Seok JH, Hong JH, Jeon JR, Hur GM, Sung JY, Lee JH. Aldosterone directly induces Na, K-ATPase alpha 1-subunit mRNA in the renal cortex of rat. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1999; 47:251-4. [PMID: 10205670 DOI: 10.1080/15216549900201263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The change of blood pressure and the induction of Na, K-ATPase alpha 1-subunit mRNA have been investigated in the renal cortex of aldosterone-treated hypertensive rat. The increase of blood pressure by aldosterone-treatment for 25 days was decreased by the treatment of amiloride or spironolactone. The level of Na, K-ATPase alpha 1-subunit mRNA of the renal cortex in aldosterone-treated rat was increased than that in the control, and its increase was repressed by treatment of spironolactone, but not altered by the treatment of amiloride. This result suggests that the increase of Na, K-ATPase alpha 1-subunit mRNA in the renal cortex of aldosterone-treated hypertensive rat may be related with the direct induction of Na, K-ATPase mRNA without the increase of Na-traffic through Na-channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Seok
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Korea
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Seok JH, Kim JB, Hong JH, Sung JY, Hur GM, Lim K, Lee JH. Regulation of Na,K-ATPase activity in renal basolateral membrane of 1-clip-1-kidney hypertensive rat. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1998; 46:667-72. [PMID: 9844726 DOI: 10.1080/15216549800204192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The changes of Na,K-ATPase activity and its regulation have been investigated in the renal cortex of 1-clip-1-kidney hypertensive rat. Ouabain-sensitive Na,K-ATPase activity (Emax) and [3H]ouabain-binding site (Bmax) in the hypertensive rat were slightly increased than those in the control. The levels of Na,K-ATPase alpha 1- and beta 1-subunit mRNA of the renal cortex in hypertensive rat were more increased than those in the control. Their increases were repressed by actinomycin-D, but not altered or more increased by cycloheximide. These results suggest that the increase of Na,K-ATPase activities and ouabain binding sites in 1-clip-1-kidney hypertensive rat may be correlated with the increases of gene expression in transcription level and/or of mRNA stability of Na,K-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Seok
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Korea.
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Seok JH, Kim JB, Hong JH, Hur GM, Jeon JR, Lim K, Hwang BD, Lee JH. Aldosterone stimulates Na,K-ATPase activity in basolateral membrane of rat kidney. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1998; 45:879-85. [PMID: 9739452 DOI: 10.1002/iub.7510450505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The changes of Na,K-ATPase activity and its regulation have been investigated in the renal cortex and its basolateral membrane of aldosterone-induced hypertensive rat. Ouabain-sensitive Na,K-ATPase activity and [3H]ouabain-binding site (Bmax) in the hypertensive rat were significantly increased than those in the control. The levels of Na,K-ATPase alpha 1- and beta 1-subunit mRNA of the renal cortex in hypertensive rat were more increased than those in the control, and their increases were repressed by actinomycin-D. These results suggest that the increase of Na,K-ATPase activities and ouabain binding sites in aldosterone-induced hypertensive rat may be correlated with transcriptional regulation of Na,K-ATPase gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Seok
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Korea.
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Xiong H, Feng X, Gao L, Xu L, Pasek DA, Seok JH, Meissner G. Identification of a two EF-hand Ca2+ binding domain in lobster skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel. Biochemistry 1998; 37:4804-14. [PMID: 9537997 DOI: 10.1021/bi971198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lobster skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel, known also as the ryanodine receptor, is composed of four polypeptides of approximately 5000 amino acids each, like its mammalian counterparts. Clones encoding the carboxy-terminal region of the lobster ryanodine receptor were isolated from a lobster skeletal muscle cDNA library. Analysis of the deduced 1513 carboxy-terminal amino acid sequence suggests a cytoplasmic Ca2+ binding domain consisting of two EF-hand Ca2+ binding motifs (amino acid residues 594-656). The Ca2+ binding properties of this domain were assessed by preparing bacterial fusion proteins with sequences from the lobster Ca2+ binding domain and the corresponding sequences of the rabbit cardiac and skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors. The lobster skeletal muscle fusion protein bound 45Ca2+ in Ca2+ overlays, and bound two Ca2+ under equilibrium binding conditions with a Hill dissociation constant (KH) of 0.9 mM and coefficient (nH) of 1.4. Rabbit skeletal and cardiac fusion proteins bound two Ca2+ with KHs of 3.7 and 3.8 mM and nHs of 1.1 and 1.3, respectively. Similar to results previously reported for the mammalian RyRs, the lobster RyR was activated by micromolar Ca2+ and inhibited by millimolar Ca2+, as determined in single-channel and [3H]ryanodine binding measurements. These results suggest that the two EF-hand Ca2+ binding domain of the lobster Ca2+ release channel as well as the corresponding regions of the mammalian channels may play a role in Ca2+ inactivation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260, USA
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Seok JH, Xu L, Kramarcy NR, Sealock R, Meissner G. The 30 S lobster skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) has functional properties distinct from the mammalian channel proteins. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:15893-901. [PMID: 1322408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (Chaps)-solubilized ryanodine receptor (RyR) of lobster skeletal muscle has been isolated by rate density centrifugation as a 30 S protein complex. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the purified 30 S receptor revealed a single high molecular weight protein band with a mobility intermediate between those of the mammalian skeletal and cardiac M(r) 565,000 RyR polypeptides. Immunoblot analysis showed no or only minimal cross-reactivity with the rabbit skeletal and canine cardiac RyR polypeptides. By immunofluorescence the lobster RyR was localized to the junctions of the A-I bands. Following planar lipid bilayer reconstitution of the purified 30 S lobster RyR, single channel K+ and Ca2+ currents were observed which were modified by ryanodine and optimally activated by millimolar concentrations of cis (cytoplasmic) Ca2+. Vesicle-45Ca2+ flux measurements also indicated an optimal activation of the lobster Ca2+ channel by millimolar Ca2+, whereas 45Ca2+ efflux from mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles is optimally activated by micromolar Ca2+. Further, mammalian muscle SR Ca2+ release activity is modulated by Mg2+ and ATP, whereas neither ligand appreciably affected 45Ca2+ efflux from lobster SR vesicles. These results suggested that lobster and mammalian muscle express immunologically and functionally distinct SR Ca2+ release channel protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Seok
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7260
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