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Paramshetti S, Angolkar M, Al Fatease A, Alshahrani SM, Hani U, Garg A, Ravi G, Osmani RAM. Revolutionizing Drug Delivery and Therapeutics: The Biomedical Applications of Conductive Polymers and Composites-Based Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041204. [PMID: 37111689 PMCID: PMC10145001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first conductive polymers (CPs) were developed during the 1970s as a unique class of organic substances with properties that are electrically and optically comparable to those of inorganic semiconductors and metals while also exhibiting the desirable traits of conventional polymers. CPs have become a subject of intensive research due to their exceptional qualities, such as high mechanical and optical properties, tunable electrical characteristics, ease of synthesis and fabrication, and higher environmental stability than traditional inorganic materials. Although conducting polymers have several limitations in their pure state, coupling with other materials helps overcome these drawbacks. Owing to the fact that various types of tissues are responsive to stimuli and electrical fields has made these smart biomaterials attractive for a range of medical and biological applications. For various applications, including the delivery of drugs, biosensors, biomedical implants, and tissue engineering, electrical CPs and composites have attracted significant interest in both research and industry. These bimodalities can be programmed to respond to both internal and external stimuli. Additionally, these smart biomaterials have the ability to deliver drugs in various concentrations and at an extensive range. This review briefly discusses the commonly used CPs, composites, and their synthesis processes. Further highlights the importance of these materials in drug delivery along with their applicability in various delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alshahrani
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Bisha University, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankitha Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Gundawar Ravi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
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Ma H, Li M, Yu T, Zhang H, Xiong M, Li F. Magnetic ZIF-8-Based Mimic Multi-enzyme System as a Colorimetric Biosensor for Detection of Aryloxyphenoxypropionate Herbicides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44329-44338. [PMID: 34494423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a magnetic mimic multi-enzyme system was developed by encapsulating the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicide hydrolase QpeH and alcohol oxidase (AOx) in zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanocrystals with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) to detect AOPP herbicides. The structural, protein loading capacity and loading ratio, porosity, and magnetic properties of QpeH/AOx@mZIF-8 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen sorption, and vibrating sample magnetometry. An AOPP herbicide colorimetric biosensor made with QpeH/AOx@mZIF-8 had the highest sensitivity toward quizalofop-P-ethyl (QpE) with a limit of detection of 8.2 μM. This system was suitable to detect two other AOPP herbicides, including fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FpE) and haloxyfop-P-methyl (HpE). The practical application of the biosensor was verified through quantitative analysis of QpE residues in industrial wastewater and field soils. Furthermore, QpeH/AOx@mZIF-8 exhibited excellent long-term storage stability (at least 50 days), easy separation by magnet, and reusability (at least 10 cycles), supporting its promising role in simple and low-cost detection of AOPP herbicides in real environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Mengya Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Ting Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Minghua Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
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Azadmehr F, Zarei K. An imprinted polymeric matrix containing DNA for electrochemical sensing of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:814. [PMID: 31745651 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe an electrochemical method for the determination of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). It is based on the use of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and of dsDNA as a bio-specific substance. The modified electrode was prepared by electropolymerization of ortho-phenylenediamine (oPD) in the presence of DNA and of 2,4-D (the template). The imprinted MIP was placed on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with chitosan and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The template was removed with 0.4 M NaOH. The interaction of DNA with 2,4-D leads to its adsorption on the electrode, and this increases the sensitivity and selectivity of the method. After rebinding 2,4-D, the decrease in the peak current of oxidation of iron(II) acting as an electrochemical redox probe was measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The current, typically measured at around 0.5 V, increases linearly in the 0.01 to 10 pM 2,4-D concentration range, and the detection limit is 4.0 fM. The method is highly selective for 2,4-D. The modified electrode was applied to quantify 2,4-D in spiked environmental water and soil samples and gave absolute recoveries varying from 91.5 to 109.0%. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Initially, the electrode was modified with chitosan and MWCNTs and then a composite was formed on it consisting of ortho-phenylenediamine (oPD), DNA and 2,4-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Azadmehr
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran
| | - Kobra Zarei
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran.
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Vardevanyan PO, Antonyan AP, Parsadanyan MA, Shahinyan MA. Study of the influence of the ionic strength on complex-formation of ethidium bromide with poly(rA)-poly(rU). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2493-2498. [PMID: 31204613 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1630006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poghos O Vardevanyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ara P Antonyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Marine A Parsadanyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mariam A Shahinyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
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Fabrication of DNA, o-phenylenediamine, and gold nanoparticle bioimprinted polymer electrochemical sensor for the determination of dopamine. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 66:490-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Santiago-Lopez AJ, Vera JL, Meléndez E. DNA electrochemical biosensor for metallic drugs at physiological conditions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014; 731:139-144. [PMID: 25705144 PMCID: PMC4331038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Entrapment of dsSS-DNA into the polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulphonate (dsSS-DNA-PPy-PVS) film over indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass has been designed to detect titanium and platinum drugs, titanocene dichloride and cisplatin. The disposable dsSS-DNA-PPy-PVS/ITO biosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, attenuated total reflectance Infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Amperometric studies by cyclic voltammetry using, dsSS-DNA-PPy PVS/ITO biosensor, demonstrated the ability of this biosensor to detect these metallic drugs in millimolar concentration by monitoring the decrease of the guanine oxidation signal as a result of the DNA damage. The concentration range detected for titanocene dichloride is 0.25 to 1.5 mM and for cisplatin is 0.06 to 1.0 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J. Santiago-Lopez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 9019 Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - José L. Vera
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019 Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019 Mayagüez, PR 00681
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A dopamine sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with DNA-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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MAZHABI RMOTAGHED, ARVAND M. Disposable electrochemical DNA biosensor for environmental monitoring of toxicant 2-aminoanthracene in the presence of chlorine in real samples. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Balint R, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Conductive polymers: towards a smart biomaterial for tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2341-53. [PMID: 24556448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 871] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing stimulus-responsive biomaterials with easy-to-tailor properties is a highly desired goal of the tissue engineering community. A novel type of electroactive biomaterial, the conductive polymer, promises to become one such material. Conductive polymers are already used in fuel cells, computer displays and microsurgical tools, and are now finding applications in the field of biomaterials. These versatile polymers can be synthesised alone, as hydrogels, combined into composites or electrospun into microfibres. They can be created to be biocompatible and biodegradable. Their physical properties can easily be optimized for a specific application through binding biologically important molecules into the polymer using one of the many available methods for their functionalization. Their conductive nature allows cells or tissue cultured upon them to be stimulated, the polymers' own physical properties to be influenced post-synthesis and the drugs bound in them released, through the application of an electrical signal. It is thus little wonder that these polymers are becoming very important materials for biosensors, neural implants, drug delivery devices and tissue engineering scaffolds. Focusing mainly on polypyrrole, polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), we review conductive polymers from the perspective of tissue engineering. The basic properties of conductive polymers, their chemical and electrochemical synthesis, the phenomena underlying their conductivity and the ways to tailor their properties (functionalization, composites, etc.) are discussed.
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Dulgerbaki C, Oksuz AU, Ahmad S. Electrochemically determined biosensing ability of DNA probed by using poly(propylenedioxythiophene). Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zeng L, Wang R, Zhu L, Zhang J. Graphene and CdS nanocomposite: A facile interface for construction of DNA-based electrochemical biosensor and its application to the determination of phenformin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 110:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Scheicher SR, Kainz B, Köstler S, Reitinger N, Steiner N, Ditlbacher H, Leitner A, Pum D, Sleytr UB, Ribitsch V. 2D crystalline protein layers as immobilization matrices for the development of DNA microarrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Massoumi B, Afshar SE, Fathalipour S, Mohammadi R, Entezami AA. Novel conducting polySchiff base of N-(3-aminopropyl) pyrrole-salicylaldehyde and its copolymers with pyrrole: synthesis and characterization. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2012.725217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bakhshali Massoumi
- a Department of Chemistry , Payame Noor University , PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Soghra Fathalipour
- a Department of Chemistry , Payame Noor University , PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran , Iran
| | - Robab Mohammadi
- a Department of Chemistry , Payame Noor University , PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Entezami
- b Lab of Polymer Research, Faculty of Chemistry , Tabriz University , PO Box 51666/16471, Tabriz , Iran
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Pijanowska DG, Kossakowska A, Torbicz W. Electroconductive Polymers in (Bio)chemical Sensors. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0208-5216(11)70025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abu-Salah KM, Alrokyan SA, Khan MN, Ansari AA. Nanomaterials as analytical tools for genosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:963-93. [PMID: 22315580 PMCID: PMC3270881 DOI: 10.3390/s100100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Abu-Salah
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Salman A. Alrokyan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Muhammad Naziruddin Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Anees Ahmad Ansari
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
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Baur J, Gondran C, Holzinger M, Defrancq E, Perrot H, Cosnier S. Label-Free Femtomolar Detection of Target DNA by Impedimetric DNA Sensor Based on Poly(pyrrole-nitrilotriacetic acid) Film. Anal Chem 2009; 82:1066-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9024329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Baur
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Chantal Gondran
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Michael Holzinger
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Defrancq
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Hubert Perrot
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
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Kaushik A, Solanki PR, Ansari AA, Malhotra BD, Ahmad S. Iron oxide-chitosan hybrid nanobiocomposite based nucleic acid sensor for pyrethroid detection. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Solanki PR, Prabhakar N, Pandey MK, Malhotra BD. Nucleic acid sensor for insecticide detection. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:217-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Solanki PR, Prabhakar N, Pandey MK, Malhotra BD. Self-assembled monolayer for toxicant detection using nucleic acid sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technique. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 10:757-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Prabhakar N, Sumana G, Arora K, Singh H, Malhotra B. Improved electrochemical nucleic acid biosensor based on polyaniline-polyvinyl sulphonate. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Berdat D, Martin Rodríguez AC, Herrera F, Gijs MAM. Label-free detection of DNA with interdigitated micro-electrodes in a fluidic cell. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:302-308. [PMID: 18231670 DOI: 10.1039/b712609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the analytical performance of an interdigitated electrode sensor for the label-free detection of DNA, by monitoring the complex impedance of 5 microm wide interdigitated Pt microelectrodes on a glass substrate. We detect the hybridization of unlabeled 38-mer target ssDNA with a complementary probe that is bound on the glass in between the electrodes by a disuccinimidyl terephtalate and aminosilane immobilization procedure. The sensor is mounted in a microfluidic flow cell, in which hybridization is monitored and in situ compared with a reference. After hybridization, the cell is perfused with deionised water and the dependence of the measured conductance due to the immobilized target DNA layer, to target DNA concentrations down to 1 nM is demonstrated. Subsequently, we apply our sensor to the detection of pathogen DNA from Salmonella choleraesuis in dairy food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berdat
- Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Arora K, Prabhakar N, Chand S, Malhotra BD. Ultrasensitive DNA hybridization biosensor based on polyaniline. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 23:613-20. [PMID: 17855071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive DNA hybridization biosensor based on polyaniline (PANI) electrochemically deposited onto Pt disc electrode has been fabricated using biotin-avidin as indirect coupling agent to immobilize single-stranded 5'-biotin end-labeled polydeoxycytidine (BdC) probes and 5'-biotin end-labeled 35 base-long oligonucleotide probe (BdE) to detect complementary target, using both direct electrochemical oxidation of guanine and redox electroactive indicator methylene blue (MB), respectively. These polyaniline-based disc electrodes have been characterized using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), impedance measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. Compared to direct electrochemical oxidation of guanine, hybridization detection using MB results in the enhanced detection limit by about 100 times. These DNA immobilized PANI electrodes have hybridization response time of about 60 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Arora
- Biomolecular Electronics and Conducting Polymer Research Group, National Physical Laboratory, Dr KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India
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