1
|
Allert MJ, Hellinga HW. Discovery of Thermostable, Fluorescently Responsive Glucose Biosensors by Structure-Assisted Function Extrapolation. Biochemistry 2022; 61:276-293. [PMID: 35084821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate assignment of protein function from sequence remains a fascinating and difficult challenge. The periplasmic-binding protein (PBP) superfamily present an interesting case of function prediction because they are both ubiquitous in prokaryotes and tend to diversify through gene duplication "explosions" that can lead to large numbers of paralogs in a genome. An engineered version of the moderately thermostable glucose-binding PBP from Escherichia coli has been used successfully as a reagentless fluorescent biosensor both in vitro and in vivo. To develop more robust sensors that meet the challenges of real-world applications, we report the discovery of thermostable homologues that retain a glucose-mediated conformationally coupled fluorescence response. Accurately identifying a glucose-binding PBP homologue among closely related paralogs is challenging. We demonstrate that a structure-based method that filters sequences by residues that bind glucose in an archetype structure is highly effective. Using fully sequenced bacterial genomes, we found that this filter reduced high paralog numbers to single hits in a genome, consistent with the accurate separation of glucose binding from other functions. We expressed engineered proteins for eight homologues, chosen to represent different degrees of sequence identity, and tested their glucose-mediated fluorescence responses. We accurately predicted the presence of glucose binding down to 31% sequence identity. We have also successfully identified suitable candidates for next-generation robust, fluorescent glucose sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin J Allert
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3711, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Homme W Hellinga
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3711, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bernhard M, Diefenbach M, Biesalski M, Laube B. Electrical Sensing of Phosphonates by Functional Coupling of Phosphonate Binding Protein PhnD to Solid-State Nanopores. ACS Sens 2020; 5:234-241. [PMID: 31829017 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Combining the stability of solid-state nanopores with the unique sensing properties of biological components in a miniaturized electrical hybrid nanopore device is a challenging approach to advance the sensitivity and selectivity of small-molecule detection in healthcare and environment analytics. Here, we demonstrate a simple method to design an electrical hybrid nanosensor comprising a bacterial binding protein tethered to a solid-state nanopore allowing high-affinity detection of phosphonates. The diverse family of bacterial substrate-binding proteins (SBPs) binds specifically and efficiently to various substances and has been implicated as an ideal biorecognition element for analyte detection in the design of hybrid bionanosensors. Here, we demonstrate that the coupling of the purified phosphonate binding protein PhnD via primary amines to the reactive NHS groups of P(DMAA-co-NMAS) polymers inside a single track-etched nanopore in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foils results in ligand-specific and concentration-dependent changes in the nanopore current. Application of the phosphonate 2-aminoethylphosphonate (2AEP) or ethylphosphonate (EP) induces a large conformational rearrangement in PnhD around the hinge in a venus flytrap mechanism resulting in a concentration depended on increase of the single pore current with binding affinities of 27 and 373 nM, respectively. Thus, the specificity and stability of this simple hybrid sensor concept combine the advantages of both, the diversity of ligand-specific substrate-binding proteins and solid-state nanopores encouraging further options to produce robust devices amenable to medical or environmental high-throughput-based applications in nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Bernhard
- Department of Biology, Neurophysiology and Neurosensory Systems, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mathias Diefenbach
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Biesalski
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bodo Laube
- Department of Biology, Neurophysiology and Neurosensory Systems, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ko W, Kim S, Lee HS. Engineering a periplasmic binding protein for amino acid sensors with improved binding properties. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8761-8769. [PMID: 28994436 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02165h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) are members of a widely distributed protein superfamily found in bacteria and archaea, and are involved in the cellular uptake of solutes. In this report, a leucine-binding PBP was engineered to detect l-Leu based on a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) change upon ligand binding. A fluorescent unnatural amino acid, l-(7-hydroxycoumarin-4-yl)ethylglycine (CouA), was genetically incorporated into the protein as a FRET donor, and a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) was fused with its N-terminus as a FRET acceptor. When CouA was incorporated into position 178, the sensor protein showed a 2.5-fold increase in the FRET ratio. Protein engineering significantly improved its substrate specificity, showing minimal changes in the FRET ratio with the other 19 natural amino acids and d-Leu. Further modification increased the sensitivity of the sensor protein (14-fold) towards l-Leu, and it recognized l-Met as well with moderate binding affinity. Selected mutant sensors were used to measure concentrations of l-Leu in a biological sample (fetal bovine serum) and to determine the optical purity of Leu and Met. This FRET-based sensor design strategy allowed us to easily manipulate the natural receptor to improve its binding affinity and specificity and to recognize other natural molecules, which are not recognized by the wild-type receptor. The design strategy can be applied to other natural receptors, enabling engineering receptors that sense biochemically interesting molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Donaldson T, Iozzino L, Deacon LJ, Billones H, Ausili A, D'Auria S, Dattelbaum JD. Engineering a switch-based biosensor for arginine using a Thermotoga maritima periplasmic binding protein. Anal Biochem 2017; 525:60-66. [PMID: 28259516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Thermotoga maritima arginine-binding protein (TmArgBP) has been modified to create a reagentless fluorescent protein biosensor. Two design methods for biosensor construction are compared: 1) solvent accessibility of environmentally-sensitive probes and 2) fluorescence deactivation due to photo-induced electron transfer (PET). Nine single cysteine TmArgBP mutants were created and labeled with three different environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes. These mutants demonstrated limited changes in fluorescence emission upon the addition of arginine. In contrast, the PET-based biosensor provides significant enhancements over the traditional approach and provides a fluorescence quenching mechanism that was capable of providing quantitative detection of arginine. Site-directed mutagenesis of TmArgBP was used to create attachment points for the fluorescent probe (K145C) and for an internal aromatic residue (D18X) to serve as the PET quencher. Both tyrosine and tryptophan, but not phenylalanine, were able to quench the emission of the fluorescent probe by more than 80% upon the addition of arginine. The dissociation constant for arginine ranged from 0.87 to 1.5 μM across the different sensors. This PET-based strategy provides a simple and broadly applicable approach for the analytical detection of small molecules that may be applied to any protein that exhibits conformational switching in a ligand dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teraya Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA
| | - Luisa Iozzino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA; Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, ISA-CNR, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Lindsay J Deacon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA
| | - Hilbert Billones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA
| | - Alessio Ausili
- Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, ISA-CNR, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Sabato D'Auria
- Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, ISA-CNR, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kasák P, Mosnáček J, Danko M, Krupa I, Hloušková G, Chorvát D, Koukaki M, Karamanou S, Economou A, Lacík I. A polysulfobetaine hydrogel for immobilization of a glucose-binding protein. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14423c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydrogel based on sulfobetaine methacrylate monomer and crosslinker was investigated as a potential material for fluorescent glucose biosensor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kasák
- Center for Advanced Materials
- Qatar University
- 2713 Doha
- Qatar
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 41 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 41 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials
- Qatar University
- 2713 Doha
- Qatar
| | - Gabriela Hloušková
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 41 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | | | | | - Spyridoula Karamanou
- KU Leuven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Rega Institute for Medical Research
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology
- B-3000 Leuven
| | | | - Igor Lacík
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 41 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Şenel M. Simple method for preparing glucose biosensor based on in-situ polypyrrole cross-linked chitosan/glucose oxidase/gold bionanocomposite film. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 48:287-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Ueda H, Dong J. From fluorescence polarization to Quenchbody: Recent progress in fluorescent reagentless biosensors based on antibody and other binding proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1951-1959. [PMID: 24931832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, antibody-based fluorescent biosensors are receiving considerable attention as a suitable biomolecule for diagnostics, namely, homogeneous immunoassay and also as an imaging probe. To date, several strategies for "reagentless biosensors" based on antibodies and natural and engineered binding proteins have been described. In this review, several approaches are introduced including a recently described fluorescent antibody-based biosensor Quenchbody, which works on the principle of fluorescence quenching of attached dye and its antigen-dependent release. The merits and possible demerits of each approach are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-18, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan.
| | - Jinhua Dong
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-18, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Copper Nanohybrids as Electrocatalysts in H2O2and Glucose Sensing. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Kostov Y, Ge X, Rao G, Tolosa L. Portable system for the detection of micromolar concentrations of glucose. MEASUREMENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:025701. [PMID: 24587594 PMCID: PMC3934490 DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/25/2/025701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucose in non-invasively collected biofluids is generally in the micromolar range and thus, requires sensing methodologies capable of measuring glucose at these levels. Here, we present a small fluorometer system that can quantify glucose in the range of 0-5 μM with resolution of ~0.07 μM. It relies on the glucose binding protein (GBP) fluorescently labeled with two fluorophores. Fluorescence signals from the dual-labeled GBP are utilized in a ratiometric mode, making the measurements insensitive to variations in protein concentration and other systematic errors. Fluorescence is quantified by a miniature, dedicated ratiometric fluorometer that is powered via USB. Concentration is calculated using an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC). The whole system is designed to be pocket sized suitable for point-of-care or bedside applications. Test results suggest that the system is a promising tool for accurate measurements of low glucose concentrations (0.1-10 μM) in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore MD, 21250
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore MD, 21250
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore MD, 21250
| | - Leah Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore MD, 21250
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deacon LJ, Billones H, Galyean AA, Donaldson T, Pennacchio A, Iozzino L, D'Auria S, Dattelbaum JD. Tryptophan-scanning mutagenesis of the ligand binding pocket in Thermotoga maritima arginine-binding protein. Biochimie 2013; 99:208-14. [PMID: 24370478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Thermotoga maritima arginine binding protein (TmArgBP) is a member of the periplasmic binding protein superfamily. As a highly thermostable protein, TmArgBP has been investigated for the potential to serve as a protein scaffold for the development of fluorescent protein biosensors. To establish a relationship between structural dynamics and ligand binding capabilities, we constructed single tryptophan mutants to probe the arginine binding pocket. Trp residues placed around the binding pocket reveal a strong dependence on fluorescence emission of the protein with arginine for all but one of the mutants. Using these data, we calculated dissociation constants of 1.9-3.3 μM for arginine. Stern-Volmer quenching analysis demonstrated that the protein undergoes a large conformational change upon ligand binding, which is a common feature of this protein superfamily. While still active at room temperature, time-resolved intensity and anisotropy decay data suggest that the protein exists as a highly rigid structure under these conditions. Interestingly, TmArgBP exists as a dimer at room temperature in both the presence and absence of arginine, as determined by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and supported by native gel-electrophoresis and time-resolved anisotropy. Our data on dynamics and stability will contribute to our understanding of hyperthermophilic proteins and their potential biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Deacon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Hilbert Billones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Anne A Galyean
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Teraya Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Anna Pennacchio
- Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, IBP-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Iozzino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA; Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, IBP-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sabato D'Auria
- Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, IBP-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ortega G, Castaño D, Diercks T, Millet O. Carbohydrate Affinity for the Glucose–Galactose Binding Protein Is Regulated by Allosteric Domain Motions. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19869-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3092938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ortega
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800,
48160 Derio, Spain
| | - David Castaño
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800,
48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800,
48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800,
48160 Derio, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reagentless fluorescent biosensors based on proteins for continuous monitoring systems. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:3039-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
13
|
Hou C, Xu Q, Yin L, Hu X. Metal–organic framework templated synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles for direct glucose and H2O2 detection. Analyst 2012; 137:5803-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35954e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
14
|
Rudat B, Birtalan E, Vollrath SB, Fritz D, Kölmel DK, Nieger M, Schepers U, Müllen K, Eisler HJ, Lemmer U, Bräse S. Photophysical properties of fluorescently-labeled peptoids. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4457-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
15
|
Jin S, Veetil JV, Garrett JR, Ye K. Construction of a panel of glucose indicator proteins for continuous glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3427-31. [PMID: 21333521 PMCID: PMC3074613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of implantable glucose sensors for use in diabetes treatment has been pursued for decades. However, enzyme-based glucose sensors often fail in vivo. In our previous work, we engineered a novel glucose indicator protein (GIP) that can sense glucose without relying on any enzymes and cofactors. Nevertheless, this GIP is unsuitable for blood glucose monitoring due to its low dissociation constant. Here, we report a novel approach to creating a new GIP that can be used to monitor blood glucose level. By disrupting pi-pi stacking around GIP's glucose binding site through site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that GIP's dissociation constant can be manipulated from 0.026 mM to 7.86 mM. This approach yielded four GIP mutants. We showed that one of the mutants can be used to detect glucose from 0 to 32 mM, while another mutant can be employed to visualize intracellular glucose (0-200 μM) within living cells through FRET imaging microscopy measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Jin
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jithesh V. Veetil
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jared R Garrett
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jeffery CJ. Engineering periplasmic ligand binding proteins as glucose nanosensors. NANO REVIEWS 2011; 2:NANO-2-5743. [PMID: 22110874 PMCID: PMC3215197 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v2i0.5743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes affects over 100 million people worldwide. Better methods for monitoring blood glucose levels are needed for improving disease management. Several labs have previously made glucose nanosensors by modifying members of the periplasmic ligand binding protein superfamily. This minireview summarizes recent developments in constructing new versions of these proteins that are responsive within the physiological range of blood glucose levels, employ new reporter groups, and/or are more robust. These experiments are important steps in the development of novel proteins that have the characteristics needed for an implantable glucose nanosensor for diabetes management: specificity for glucose, rapid response, sensitivity within the physiological range of glucose concentrations, reproducibility, and robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constance J Jeffery
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Sakaguchi-Mikami A, Taniguchi A, Sode K, Yamazaki T. Construction of a novel glucose-sensing molecule based on a substrate-binding protein for intracellular sensing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 108:725-33. [PMID: 21404246 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel transcriptional regulator responding to glucose was designed with a substrate-binding protein (SBP) as a probe towards intracellular sensing system for glucose in mammalian cells. A chimeric protein of an SBP for glucose (GBP) and a LacI-type regulator, LacI (SLCP(GL) ), was designed, constructed and characterized using Escherichia coli recombinant protein. We report that SLCP(GL) has a glucose-specific binding ability and an operator-sequence specific DNA-binding ability. The loss of its DNA-binding ability in the presence of glucose suggests a role as a transcriptional regulator in vitro. The glucose-dependent gene regulation function of SLCP(GL) in cells was investigated using mammalian cells co-transfected with SLCP(GL) and Lac operator-fused luciferase gene constructs. The luciferase activity of the transfected cells increased with the glucose concentration in the medium, showing that the expression of the luciferase gene is regulated by SLCP(GL) , which can dissociate from DNA in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, we demonstrated that SLCP(GL) functions as a glucose-sensitive transcriptional regulator in mammalian cells. These results reveal the possibility of developing an SBP-based regulator as a probe of intracellular sensing and gene regulation system for mammalian cells in response to a desired ligands depending on the SBP ligand specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akane Sakaguchi-Mikami
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen H, Xi F, Gao X, Chen Z, Lin X. Bienzyme bionanomultilayer electrode for glucose biosensing based on functional carbon nanotubes and sugar–lectin biospecific interaction. Anal Biochem 2010; 403:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
20
|
Viswanathan S, Kovacs Z, Green KN, Ratnakar SJ, Sherry AD. Alternatives to gadolinium-based metal chelates for magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2960-3018. [PMID: 20397688 PMCID: PMC2874212 DOI: 10.1021/cr900284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subha Viswanathan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390 and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390 and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Kayla N. Green
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390 and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - S. James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390 and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390 and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Scirè A, Marabotti A, Staiano M, Iozzino L, Luchansky MS, Der BS, Dattelbaum JD, Tanfani F, D'Auria S. Amino acid transport in thermophiles: characterization of an arginine-binding protein in Thermotoga maritima. 2. Molecular organization and structural stability. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:687-98. [PMID: 20237647 DOI: 10.1039/b922092e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABC transport systems provide selective passage of metabolites across cell membranes and typically require the presence of a soluble binding protein with high specificity to a specific ligand. In addition to their primary role in nutrient gathering, the binding proteins associated with bacterial transport systems have been studied for their potential to serve as design scaffolds for the development of fluorescent protein biosensors. In this work, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the physicochemical properties of a hyperthermophilic binding protein from Thermotoga maritima. We demonstrated preferential binding for the polar amino acid arginine and experimentally monitored the significant stabilization achieved upon binding of ligand to protein. The effect of temperature, pH, and detergent was also studied to provide a more complete picture of the protein dynamics. A protein structure model was obtained and molecular dynamic experiments were performed to investigate and couple the spectroscopic observations with specific secondary structural elements. The data determined the presence of a buried beta-sheet providing significant stability to the protein under all conditions investigated. The specific amino acid residues responsible for arginine binding were also identified. Our data on dynamics and stability will contribute to our understanding of bacterial binding protein family members and their potential biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scirè
- Department of Biochemistry, Biology, and Genetics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Taneoka A, Sakaguchi-Mikami A, Yamazaki T, Tsugawa W, Sode K. The construction of a glucose-sensing luciferase. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:76-81. [PMID: 19559587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel luminescence-based glucose-sensing molecule was created by combining a galactose-/glucose-binding protein (GGBP) with luciferase. The glucose-sensing luciferase (GlcLuc) was constructed using a GGBP fused with a large domain and a small domain of Firefly luciferase (Lluc and Sluc). The luminescence intensity-based analysis with E. coli recombinant protein showed that the GlcLuc had luciferase activity in glucose or galactose in a concentration-dependent manner (K(d)=3.9 microM for glucose and 11 microM for galactose), and that the increase in the activity saturated within one minute after the injection of the ligands. These results indicated that the conformation change of the GGBP moiety following the ligand binding effectively induced the reconstitution of the GGBP-fused split luciferase. The Asp459Asn mutation, which was expected to lead to a glucose specific binding ability, was then introduced into the GlcLuc. The GlcLuc mutant showed the luciferase activity increasing only with the increase of glucose concentration, but not with that of galactose. Our results demonstrate that the GGBP fused with a split luciferase, which is reconstituted rapidly and specifically in the presence of glucose, provides a novel glucose-sensing system based on luminescence and may also contribute to the construction of luminescence-based sensing molecules for other substrates using other PBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Taneoka
- Graduate School of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tolosa L. On the design of low-cost fluorescent protein biosensors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 116:143-57. [PMID: 19347267 DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a large body of knowledge on proteins and their ligands that is available to the sensor researcher for the successful design of fluorescent biosensors. Chemically synthesized receptors rarely match the sensitivity and selectivity of proteins.Additionally, proteins are easily produced and manipulated through recombinant protein techniques. Although limitations exist in the prediction of signal response of proteins labeled with fluorescent probes, thoughtful experimentation can lead to useful, highly responsive fluorescent protein assays. Conversion of these assays into sensor devices may require additional manipulation of the fluorescence properties of the labeled proteins. We have shown that this can be achieved by a second fluorophore serving as a reference for ratiometric measurements. The choice of reference is contingent on the low-cost, miniaturized design of the device. Accordingly, the reference fluorophore is excitable with the same LED as the signal transducing probe and has a fluorescence decay lifetime that is orders of magnitude longer.Alternating illumination with intensity modulated light at two frequencies allows for ratiometric sensing without the need for bulky filter wheels while collecting the signals over a wide range of emission wavelengths. The result is a simple optoelectronics design that is cost-effective and small enough to be portable.In summary, the process of designing protein-based fluorescent biosensors for practical applications requires the systematic collaboration of a cross-disciplinary group of molecular biologists, chemists and engineers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD21050, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ren J, Trokowski R, Zhang S, Malloy CR, Sherry AD. Imaging the tissue distribution of glucose in livers using a PARACEST sensor. Magn Reson Med 2009; 60:1047-55. [PMID: 18958853 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging of glucose in tissues could provide important insights about glucose gradients in tissue, the origins of gluconeogenesis, or perhaps differences in tissue glucose utilization in vivo. Direct spectral detection of glucose in vivo by (1)H NMR is complicated by interfering signals from other metabolites and the much larger water signal. One potential way to overcome these problems is to use an exogenous glucose sensor that reports glucose concentrations indirectly through the water signal by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Such a method is demonstrated here in mouse liver perfused with a Eu(3+)-based glucose sensor containing two phenylboronate moieties as the recognition site. Activation of the sensor by applying a frequency-selective presaturation pulse at 42 ppm resulted in a 17% decrease in water signal in livers perfused with 10 mM sensor and 10 mM glucose compared with livers with the same amount of sensor but without glucose. It was shown that livers perfused with 5 mM sensor but no glucose can detect glucose exported from hepatocytes after hormonal stimulation of glycogenolysis. CEST images of livers perfused in the magnet responded to changes in glucose concentrations demonstrating that the method has potential for imaging the tissue distribution of glucose in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Luchansky MS, Der BS, D’Auria S, Pocsfalvi G, Iozzino L, Marasco D, Dattelbaum JD. Amino acid transport in thermophiles: characterization of an arginine-binding protein in Thermotoga maritima. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 6:142-51. [DOI: 10.1039/b908412f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|