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Kovalová A, Prouza V, Zavřel M, Hájek M, Dzijak R, Magdolenová A, Pohl R, Voburka Z, Parkan K, Vrabel M. Selection of Galectin-Binding Ligands from Synthetic Glycopeptide Libraries. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300567. [PMID: 37942669 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, play a crucial role in various physiological and disease processes. Therefore, the identification of ligands that efficiently bind these proteins could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic compounds. In this study, we present a method that involves screening synthetic click glycopeptide libraries to identify lectin-binding ligands with low micromolar affinity. Our methodology, initially optimized using Concanavalin A, was subsequently applied to identify binders for the therapeutically relevant galectin 1. Binding affinities were assessed using various methods and showed that the selected glycopeptides exhibited enhanced binding potency to the target lectins compared to the starting sugar moieties. This approach offers an alternative means of discovering galectin-binding ligands as well as other carbohydrate-binding proteins, which are considered important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovalová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Prouza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zavřel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hájek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Magdolenová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Voburka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Parkan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Imre N, Hetényi A, Szabó E, Bodnár B, Szkalisity A, Gróf I, Bocsik A, Deli MA, Horvath P, Czibula Á, Monostori É, Martinek TA. Routing Nanomolar Protein Cargoes to Lipid Raft-Mediated/Caveolar Endocytosis through a Ganglioside GM1-Specific Recognition Tag. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902621. [PMID: 32099761 PMCID: PMC7029632 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to develop ways to deliver therapeutic macromolecules to their intracellular targets. Certain viral and bacterial proteins are readily internalized in functional form through lipid raft-mediated/caveolar endocytosis, but mimicking this process with protein cargoes at therapeutically relevant concentrations is a great challenge. Targeting ganglioside GM1 in the caveolar pits triggers endocytosis. A pentapeptide sequence WYKYW is presented, which specifically captures the glycan moiety of GM1 (K D = 24 nm). The WYKYW-tag facilitates the GM1-dependent endocytosis of proteins in which the cargo-loaded caveosomes do not fuse with lysosomes. A structurally intact immunoglobulin G complex (580 kDa) is successfully delivered into live HeLa cells at extracellular concentrations ranging from 20 to 160 nm, and escape of the cargo proteins to the cytosol is observed. The short peptidic WYKYW-tag is an advantageous endocytosis routing sequence for lipid raft-mediated/caveolar cell delivery of therapeutic macromolecules, especially for cancer cells that overexpress GM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Imre
- Department of Medical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Anasztázia Hetényi
- Department of Medical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Enikő Szabó
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Brigitta Bodnár
- Department of Medical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
- MTA‐SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research GroupUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Abel Szkalisity
- Synthetic and Systems Biology UnitBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Institute of BiophysicsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
- Doctoral School of BiologyUniversity of SzegedDugonics tér 13SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of BiophysicsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of BiophysicsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of SzegedSomogyi u. 4SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Peter Horvath
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiTukholmankatu 8HelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
| | - Ágnes Czibula
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Éva Monostori
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Tamás A. Martinek
- Department of Medical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
- MTA‐SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research GroupUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
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3
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Rosencrantz S, Tang JSJ, Schulte‐Osseili C, Böker A, Rosencrantz RR. Glycopolymers by RAFT Polymerization as Functional Surfaces for Galectin‐3. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Rosencrantz
- Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jo Sing Julia Tang
- Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Christine Schulte‐Osseili
- Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Chair of Polymer Materials and Polymer Technologies Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Ruben R. Rosencrantz
- Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
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Freichel T, Laaf D, Hoffmann M, Konietzny PB, Heine V, Wawrzinek R, Rademacher C, Snyder NL, Elling L, Hartmann L. Effects of linker and liposome anchoring on lactose-functionalized glycomacromolecules as multivalent ligands for binding galectin-3. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23484-23497. [PMID: 35530592 PMCID: PMC9069326 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a bottom-up approach for the synthesis of lactose-functionalized glycomacromolecules and glycofunctionalized liposomes and apply these compounds to investigate their effects of multivalent presentation on binding to galectin-3. Step-wise assembly of tailor-made building blocks on solid supports was used to synthesize a series of oligo(amidoamine) scaffolds that were further conjugated to lactose via copper catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Binding studies with galectin-3 revealed affinities in the micromolar range that increased with increasing carbohydrate valency, and decreased with increasing size and linker flexibility. To further explore their multivalency, selected glycomacromolecules were conjugated to lipids and used in liposomal formulations. Binding studies show a further increase in binding in nanomolar ranges in dependence of both ligand structure and liposomal presentation, demonstrating the power of combining the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Freichel
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany +49-211-81-15840 +49-211-81-10360
| | - Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstraße 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany +49-211-81-15840 +49-211-81-10360
| | - Patrick B Konietzny
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany +49-211-81-15840 +49-211-81-10360
| | - Viktoria Heine
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstraße 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College North Carolina 28035 USA
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstraße 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany +49-211-81-15840 +49-211-81-10360
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5
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Rachel H, Chang-Chun L. Recent advances toward the development of inhibitors to attenuate tumor metastasis via the interruption of lectin-ligand interactions. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2014; 69:125-207. [PMID: 24274369 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408093-5.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a well-recognized phenomenon that occurs on the surface of tumor cells, and the overexpression of a number of ligands (such as TF, sialyl Tn, and sialyl Lewis X) has been correlated to a worse prognosis for the patient. These unique carbohydrate structures play an integral role in cell-cell communication and have also been associated with more metastatic cancer phenotypes, which can result from binding to lectins present on cell surfaces. The most well studied metastasis-associated lectins are the galectins and selectins, which have been correlated to adhesion, neoangiogenesis, and immune-cell evasion processes. In order to slow the rate of metastatic lesion formation, a number of approaches have been successfully developed which involve interfering with the tumor lectin-substrate binding event. Through the generation of inhibitors, or by attenuating lectin and/or carbohydrate expression, promising results have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. This article briefly summarizes the involvement of lectins in the metastatic process and also describes different approaches used to prevent these undesirable carbohydrate-lectin binding events, which should ultimately lead to improvement in current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hevey Rachel
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Solís D, Bovin NV, Davis AP, Jiménez-Barbero J, Romero A, Roy R, Smetana K, Gabius HJ. A guide into glycosciences: How chemistry, biochemistry and biology cooperate to crack the sugar code. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:186-235. [PMID: 24685397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most demanding challenge in research on molecular aspects within the flow of biological information is posed by the complex carbohydrates (glycan part of cellular glycoconjugates). How the 'message' encoded in carbohydrate 'letters' is 'read' and 'translated' can only be unraveled by interdisciplinary efforts. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review provides a didactic step-by-step survey of the concept of the sugar code and the way strategic combination of experimental approaches characterizes structure-function relationships, with resources for teaching. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The unsurpassed coding capacity of glycans is an ideal platform for generating a broad range of molecular 'messages'. Structural and functional analyses of complex carbohydrates have been made possible by advances in chemical synthesis, rendering production of oligosaccharides, glycoclusters and neoglycoconjugates possible. This availability facilitates to test the glycans as ligands for natural sugar receptors (lectins). Their interaction is a means to turn sugar-encoded information into cellular effects. Glycan/lectin structures and their spatial modes of presentation underlie the exquisite specificity of the endogenous lectins in counterreceptor selection, that is, to home in on certain cellular glycoproteins or glycolipids. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding how sugar-encoded 'messages' are 'read' and 'translated' by lectins provides insights into fundamental mechanisms of life, with potential for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 07110 Bunyola, Mallorca, Illes Baleares, Spain.
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117871 GSP-7, V-437, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Anthony P Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Romero
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Karel Smetana
- Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, U nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 München, Germany.
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7
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Abstract
A panel of commensal bacteria was screened for the ability to interact with galectin-3. Two strains of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis interacted to a greater extent than did the pathogenic positive control, Escherichia coli NCTC 12900. Further validation of the interaction was achieved by using agglutination and solid-phase binding assays.
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8
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Ng S, Jafari MR, Matochko WL, Derda R. Quantitative synthesis of genetically encoded glycopeptide libraries displayed on M13 phage. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1482-7. [PMID: 22725642 DOI: 10.1021/cb300187t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phage display is a powerful technology that enables the discovery of peptide ligands for many targets. Chemical modification of phage libraries have allowed the identification of ligands with properties not encountered in natural polypeptides. In this report, we demonstrated the synthesis of 2 × 10(8) genetically encoded glycopeptides from a commercially available phage-displayed peptide library (Ph.D.-7) in a two-step, one-pot reaction in <1.5 h. Unlike previous reports, we bypassed genetic engineering of phage. The glycan moiety was introduced via an oxime ligation following oxidation of an N-terminal Ser/Thr; these residues are present in the peptide libraries at 20-30% abundance. The construction of libraries was facilitated by simple characterization, which directly assessed the yield and regioselectivity of chemical reactions performed on phage. This quantification method also allowed facile yield determination of reactions in 10(9) distinct molecules. We envision that the methodology described herein will find broad application in the synthesis of custom chemically modified phage libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ng
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mohammad R. Jafari
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wadim L. Matochko
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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9
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Martín-Santamaría S, Gabius HJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Structural studies on the interaction of saccharides and glycomimetics with galectin-1: A 3D perspective using a combined molecular modeling and NMR approach. PURE APPL CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-10-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of a variety of saccharides and mimetics thereof with lectin receptors has been studied using a combination of molecular modeling protocols and NMR spectroscopy techniques. It is shown that both methods complement each other in a synergistic manner to provide a detailed perspective of the conformational and structural features of the recognition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, 28668-Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- 2Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- 3Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers and analogous dendrimeric structures and their biomedical applications. Amino Acids 2010; 40:301-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Wéber E, Hetényi A, Váczi B, Szolnoki É, Fajka-Boja R, Tubak V, Monostori É, Martinek TA. Galectin-1-Asialofetuin Interaction Is Inhibited by Peptides Containing the Tyr-Xxx-Tyr Motif Acting on the Glycoprotein. Chembiochem 2009; 11:228-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Edwards P. The use of combinatorial chemistry libraries for the discovery of biologically active substances. Drug Discov Today 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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von Itzstein M. Disease-associated carbohydrate-recognising proteins and structure-based inhibitor design. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2008; 18:558-66. [PMID: 18706999 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of carbohydrate-related pathways in a wide range of clinically significant diseases has provided great impetus for researchers to characterise key proteins as targets for drug discovery. Carbohydrate-recognising proteins essential in the lifecycles of high health impact pathogens and diseases such as diabetes, cancer, autoimmunity, inflammation and in-born errors of metabolism continue to stimulate much interest in both structure elucidation and structure-based drug design. For example, advances in structure-based inhibitor design against the mycobacterial enzyme UDP-galactopyranose mutase offer new hope in next generation anti-tuberculosis chemotherapeutics. The appearance of H5N1 avian influenza virus has re-stimulated much research on influenza virus haemagglutinin and sialidase. These latest developments on influenza virus sialidase have provided new opportunity for the development of Group 1-specific anti-influenza drugs. The role of siglecs and galectins in a range of disease processes such as inflammation, apoptosis and cancer progression has also inspired significant structure-based inhibitor design research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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