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Albarghouthi FM, Semeniak D, Khanani I, Doherty JL, Smith BN, Salfity M, MacFarlane Q, Karappur A, Noyce SG, Williams NX, Joh DY, Andrews JB, Chilkoti A, Franklin AD. Addressing Signal Drift and Screening for Detection of Biomarkers with Carbon Nanotube Transistors. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38335120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Electrical biosensors, including transistor-based devices (i.e., BioFETs), have the potential to offer versatile biomarker detection in a simple, low-cost, scalable, and point-of-care manner. Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most explored nanomaterial candidates for BioFETs due to their high electrical sensitivity and compatibility with diverse fabrication approaches. However, when operating in solutions at biologically relevant ionic strengths, CNT-based BioFETs suffer from debilitating levels of signal drift and charge screening, which are often unaccounted for or sidestepped (but not addressed) by testing in diluted solutions. In this work, we present an ultrasensitive CNT-based BioFET called the D4-TFT, an immunoassay with an electrical readout, which overcomes charge screening and drift-related limitations of BioFETs. In high ionic strength solution (1X PBS), the D4-TFT repeatedly and stably detects subfemtomolar biomarker concentrations in a point-of-care form factor by increasing the sensing distance in solution (Debye length) and mitigating signal drift effects. Debye length screening and biofouling effects are overcome using a poly(ethylene glycol)-like polymer brush interface (POEGMA) above the device into which antibodies are printed. Simultaneous testing of a control device having no antibodies printed over the CNT channel confirms successful detection of the target biomarker via an on-current shift caused by antibody sandwich formation. Drift in the target signal is mitigated by a combination of: (1) maximizing sensitivity by appropriate passivation alongside the polymer brush coating; (2) using a stable electrical testing configuration; and (3) enforcing a rigorous testing methodology that relies on infrequent DC sweeps rather than static or AC measurements. These improvements are realized in a relatively simple device using printed CNTs and antibodies for a low-cost, versatile platform for the ongoing pursuit of point-of-care BioFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris M Albarghouthi
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Daria Semeniak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Iman Khanani
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - James L Doherty
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Brittany N Smith
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthew Salfity
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Quentin MacFarlane
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Aneesh Karappur
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Steven G Noyce
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas X Williams
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph B Andrews
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Aaron D Franklin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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2
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Choi Y, Jeong JY, Hong S. Highly Sensitive Real-Time Monitoring of Adenosine Receptor Activities in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cells Using Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2101-2109. [PMID: 38166368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine metabolism through adenosine receptors plays a critical role in lung cancer biology. Although recent studies showed the potential of targeting adenosine receptors as drug targets for lung cancer treatment, conventional methods for investigating receptor activities often suffer from various drawbacks, including low sensitivity and slow analysis speed. In this study, adenosine receptor activities in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were monitored in real time with high sensitivity through a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT-FET). In this method, we hybridized a CNT-FET with NSCLC cells expressing A2A and A2B adenosine receptors to construct a hybrid platform. This platform could detect adenosine, an endogenous ligand of adenosine receptors, down to 1 fM in real time and sensitively discriminate adenosine among other nucleosides. Furthermore, we could also utilize the platform to detect adenosine in complicated environments, such as human serum. Notably, our hybrid platform allowed us to monitor pharmacological effects between adenosine and other drugs, including dipyridamole and theophylline, even in human serum samples. These results indicate that the NSCLC cell-hybridized CNT-FET can be a practical tool for biomedical applications, such as the evaluation and screening of drug-candidate substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jeong
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Hagness DE, Yang Y, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. The application of an applied electrical potential to generate electrical fields and forces to enhance affinity biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 238:115577. [PMID: 37579531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Affinity biosensors play a crucial role in clinical diagnosis, pharmaceuticals, immunology, and other areas of human health. Affinity biosensors rely on the specific binding between target analytes and biological ligands such as antibodies, nucleic acids, aptamers, or other receptors to primarily generate electrochemical or optical signals. Considerable effort has been put into improving the performance of the affinity technologies to make them more sensitive, efficient and reproducible, of the many approaches electrokinetic phenomena are a viable option. In this perspective, studies that combine electrokinetic phenomena with affinity biosensor are discussed about their promise for achieving higher sensitivity and lower detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Hagness
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia; Australia Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia; Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia; Australia Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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4
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Chen S, Bashir R. Advances in field-effect biosensors towards point-of-use. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:492002. [PMID: 37625391 PMCID: PMC10523595 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf3f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The future of medical diagnostics calls for portable biosensors at the point of care, aiming to improve healthcare by reducing costs, improving access, and increasing quality-what is called the 'triple aim'. Developing point-of-care sensors that provide high sensitivity, detect multiple analytes, and provide real time measurements can expand access to medical diagnostics for all. Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have several advantages, including ultrahigh sensitivity, label-free and amplification-free detection, reduced cost and complexity, portability, and large-scale multiplexing. They can also be integrated into wearable or implantable devices and provide continuous, real-time monitoring of analytesin vivo, enabling early detection of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and management. This review analyzes advances in the sensitivity, parallelization, and reusability of FET biosensors, benchmarks the limit of detection of the state of the art, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of FET biosensors for future healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
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Azam T, Bukhari SH, Liaqat U, Miran W. Emerging Methods in Biosensing of Immunoglobin G-A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:676. [PMID: 36679468 PMCID: PMC9862834 DOI: 10.3390/s23020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human antibodies are produced due to the activation of immune system components upon exposure to an external agent or antigen. Human antibody G, or immunoglobin G (IgG), accounts for 75% of total serum antibody content. IgG controls several infections by eradicating disease-causing pathogens from the body through complementary interactions with toxins. Additionally, IgG is an important diagnostic tool for certain pathological conditions, such as autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), chickenpox and MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), and coronavirus-induced disease 19 (COVID-19). As an important biomarker, IgG has sparked interest in conducting research to produce robust, sensitive, selective, and economical biosensors for its detection. To date, researchers have used different strategies and explored various materials from macro- to nanoscale to be used in IgG biosensing. In this review, emerging biosensors for IgG detection have been reviewed along with their detection limits, especially electrochemical biosensors that, when coupled with nanomaterials, can help to achieve the characteristics of a reliable IgG biosensor. Furthermore, this review can assist scientists in developing strategies for future research not only for IgG biosensors but also for the development of other biosensing systems for diverse targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Azam
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hassan Bukhari
- College of Computational Sciences and Natural Sciences, Minerva University, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Usman Liaqat
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Miran
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Choi Y, Lee S, Lee S, Hong S, Kwon HW. Bioelectronic Tongues Mimicking Insect Taste Systems for Real-Time Discrimination between Natural and Artificial Sweeteners. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3682-3691. [PMID: 36455033 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A bioelectronic tongue (B-ET) mimicking insect taste systems is developed for the real-time detection and discrimination of natural and artificial sweeteners. Here, a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT-FET) was hybridized with nanovesicles including the honeybee sugar taste receptor, gustatory receptor 1 of Apis mellifera (AmGr1). This strategy allowed us to detect glucose, a major component of nectar, down to 100 fM in real time and identify sweet tastants from other tastants. It could also be utilized for the detection of glucose in dextrose tablet solutions. Importantly, we demonstrated the discrimination between natural and artificial sweeteners down to 10 pM even in real beverages such as decaffeinated coffee using our hybrid platform. In this respect, our B-ET mimicking insect taste systems can be a powerful tool for various applications such as food screening and basic studies on insect taste systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences & Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungha Lee
- Department of Life Sciences & Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences & Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Republic of Korea
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Eswaran M, Chokkiah B, Pandit S, Rahimi S, Dhanusuraman R, Aleem M, Mijakovic I. A Road Map toward Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Technology for Early Stage Cancer Detection. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200809. [PMID: 36068169 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Field effect transistor (FET)-based nanoelectronic biosensor devices provide a viable route for specific and sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers, which can be used for early stage cancer detection, monitoring the progress of the disease, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapies. On the road to implementation of FET-based devices in cancer diagnostics, several key issues need to be addressed: sensitivity, selectivity, operational conditions, anti-interference, reusability, reproducibility, disposability, large-scale production, and economic viability. To address these well-known issues, significant research efforts have been made recently. An overview of these efforts is provided here, highlighting the approaches and strategies presently engaged at each developmental stage, from the design and fabrication of devices to performance evaluation and data analysis. Specifically, this review discusses the multistep fabrication of FETs, choice of bioreceptors for relevant biomarkers, operational conditions, measurement configuration, and outlines strategies to improve the sensing performance and reach the level required for clinical applications. Finally, this review outlines the expected progress to the future generation of FET-based diagnostic devices and discusses their potential for detection of cancer biomarkers as well as biomarkers of other noncommunicable and communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusankar Eswaran
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bavatharani Chokkiah
- Nanoelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, India
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shadi Rahimi
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ragupathy Dhanusuraman
- Nanoelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, India
| | - Mahaboobbatcha Aleem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, 10031, USA
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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8
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Ghanbari-Ghanbarlo M, Bozorgmehr MR, Morsali A. Non-Covalent Hybridization of Carbon Nanotube by Single-Stranded DNA Homodecamers: in-silico Approach. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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A Versatile Terahertz Chemical Microscope and Its Application for the Detection of Histamine. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz waves have gained increasingly more attention because of their unique characteristics and great potential in a variety of fields. In this study, we introduced the recent progress of our versatile terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) in the detection of small biomolecules, ions, cancer cells, and antibody–antigen immunoassaying. We highlight the advantages of our TCM for chemical sensing and biosensing, such as label-free, high-sensitivity, rapid response, non-pretreatment, and minute amount sample consumption, compared with conventional methods. Furthermore, we demonstrated its new application in detection of allergic-related histamine at low concentration in buffer solutions.
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10
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Sedki M, Shen Y, Mulchandani A. Nano-FET-enabled biosensors: Materials perspective and recent advances in North America. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 176:112941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials offer unique opportunities for the assembling of electrochemical aptasensors due to their high electroconductivity, redox activity, compatibility with biochemical receptors and broad possibilities of functionalization and combination with other auxiliary reagents. In this review, the progress in the development of electrochemical aptasensors based on carbon nanomaterials in 2016–2020 is considered with particular emphasis on the role of carbon materials in aptamer immobilization and signal generation. The synthesis and properties of carbon nanotubes, graphene materials, carbon nitride, carbon black particles and fullerene are described and their implementation in the electrochemical biosensors are summarized. Examples of electrochemical aptasensors are classified in accordance with the content of the surface layer and signal measurement mode. In conclusion, the drawbacks and future prospects of carbon nanomaterials’ application in electrochemical aptasensors are briefly discussed.
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12
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Konishi A, Takegami S, Kitade T. Construction and Studies of Histamine Potentiometric Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190613165529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-modified potentiometric sensors for histamine
(HIS) (as denoted as HIS sensor) have been developed.
Methods:
The MIPs comprise HIS, Methacrylic Acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as
the template molecule, functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. To examine the specificity
of the MIP to HIS, the MIP particles were prepared with varying ratios of HIS: MAA and the HIS
binding amount toward the MIP particles was determined by UV spectrophotometry. Furthermore, to
quantitatively determine the ability of MIP (H2M20) to HIS, a HIS sensor was measured using
Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode.
Results:
MIP particles having a HIS:MAA of 2 mmol:20 mmol (MIP (H2M20)) had the largest HIS
binding amount among the MIP particles prepared. Additionally, MIP (H2M20) displayed a HIS
binding amount approximately two times larger than the corresponding non-imprinted polymer (NIP)
particles in the absence of template. The HIS sensor potential change increased as a function of HIS
concentration and exhibited a near-Nernstian response of −25.7 mV decade−1 over the HIS concentration
range of 1×10−5 to 1×10−4 mol L−1 with a limit of detection of 9.6×10−6 mol L−1. From the
Nernstian response value, it was observed that the HIS sensor could detect the di-protonated HIS
binding to the MIP. Conversely, when comparing at the same HIS concentration, the potential response
value of the sensors fabricated using NIP particles were significantly smaller than the values
of the corresponding HIS sensor.
Conclusion:
The MIP-modified potentiometric sensors can potentially be employed as an analytical
method to quantitatively determine various analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Konishi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Takegami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kitade
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kwon J, Lee Y, Lee T, Ahn JH. Aptamer-Based Field-Effect Transistor for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus in Chicken Serum. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5524-5531. [PMID: 32148026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) is significant for preventing and controlling a global pandemic. However, there is no existing electrical biosensor for detecting biomarkers for AIV in clinically relevant samples such as chicken serum. Herein, we report the first use of an aptamer-functionalized field-effect transistor (FET) as a label-free sensor for AIV detection in chicken serum. A DNA aptamer is employed as a sensitive and selective receptor for hemagglutinin (HA) protein, which is a biomarker for AIVs. This aptamer is immobilized on a gold microelectrode that is connected to the gate of a reusable FET transducer. The specific binding of the target protein results in a change in the surface potential, which generates a signal response of the FET transducer. We hypothesize that a conformational change in the DNA aptamer upon specific binding of HA protein may alter the surface potential. The signal of the aptamer-based FET biosensor increased linearly with the increase in the logarithm of HA protein concentration in a dynamic range of 10 pM to 10 nM with a detection limit of 5.9 pM. The selectivity of the biosensor for HA protein was confirmed by employing relevant interfering proteins. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied to the selective detection of HA protein in a chicken serum sample. Owing to its simple and low-cost architecture, portability, and sensitivity, the aptamer-based FET biosensor has potential as a point-of-care diagnosis of H5N1 AIVs in clinical samples.
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Lee K, Lee J, Ahn B. Design of Refolding DNA Aptamer on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Optical Detection of Target Proteins. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12704-12712. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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15
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Lee CS, Kim JS, Kim TH. A chemodosimeter-modified carbon nanotube-field effect transistor: toward a highly selective and sensitive electrical sensing platform. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28414-28420. [PMID: 35529645 PMCID: PMC9071199 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a carbon nanotube-field effect transistor (CNT-FET) biosensor which first implements the chemodosimeter sensing principle in CNT nanoelectronics. We experimentally illustrate the specific molecular interplay that the cysteine-selective chemodosimeter immobilized on the CNT surface can specifically interact with cysteine, which leads to the chemical transformation of the chemodosimeter. Since the chemical transformation of the chemodosimeter can disrupt the charge distribution in the vicinity of the CNT surface, the carrier equilibrium in CNT might be altered, and manifested by the conductivity change of CNT-FET. The real-time conductance measurements show our biosensor is capable of label-free, rapid, highly selective and ultrasensitive detection of cysteine with a detection limit down to 0.45 fM. These results first verify the signaling principle competency of chemical transformation of the chemodosimeter in CNT electronic sensors. Combined with the advantages of the highly selective chemodosimeter and sensitive CNT-FET, the excellent performance of our sensor indicates its promising prospect as a valuable tool for developing highly sensitive and selective sensing platforms in practical application. The utility of the chemodosimetric sensing principle was demonstrated for the first time in electronic biosensing with CNT-FET devices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Seuk Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University Republic of Korea +82-41-530-4722
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Republic of Korea +82-2-3290-3183
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University Republic of Korea +82-41-530-4722
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Metallic-semiconducting junctions create sensing hot-spots in carbon nanotube FET aptasensors near percolation. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 130:408-413. [PMID: 30266423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Easily fabricated random network carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNT-FETs) have benefitted from improved separation techniques to deliver CNTs with current formulations providing at least 99% semiconducting tube content. Amongst the most promising applications of this device platform are electronic biosensors, where the network conduction is affected through tethered probes such as aptamers which act as molecular scale electrostatic gates. However, the prevailing assumption that these biosensor devices would be optimized if metallic tubes were entirely eliminated has not been examined. Here, we show that metallic-semiconducting junctions in aptasensors are sensing hotspots and that their impact on sensing is heightened by the CNT network's proximity to percolation. First, we use a biased conducting AFM tip to gate a CNT-FET at the nanoscale and demonstrate that the strongest device response occurs when gating at metallic-semiconducting junctions. Second, we resolve the target sensitivity of an aptasensor as a function of tube density and show heightened sensitivity at densities close to the percolation threshold. We find the strongest sensing response where the 1% of metallic tubes generate a high density of metallic-semiconducting junctions but cannot form a percolated metallic path across the network. These findings highlight the critical role of metallic tubes in CNT-FET biosensor devices and demonstrate that network composition is an important variable to boost the performance of electronic biosensors.
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17
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Tran DP, Pham TTT, Wolfrum B, Offenhäusser A, Thierry B. CMOS-Compatible Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor: Technology Development toward Commercialization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E785. [PMID: 29751688 PMCID: PMC5978162 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their two-dimensional confinements, silicon nanowires display remarkable optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Of special interest has been the development of advanced biosensing approaches based on the field effect associated with silicon nanowires (SiNWs). Recent advancements in top-down fabrication technologies have paved the way to large scale production of high density and quality arrays of SiNW field effect transistor (FETs), a critical step towards their integration in real-life biosensing applications. A key requirement toward the fulfilment of SiNW FETs' promises in the bioanalytical field is their efficient integration within functional devices. Aiming to provide a comprehensive roadmap for the development of SiNW FET based sensing platforms, we critically review and discuss the key design and fabrication aspects relevant to their development and integration within complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Phu Tran
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Nano-Bio Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Pham
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Nano-Bio Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Nano-Bio Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
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18
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Islam K, Damiati S, Sethi J, Suhail A, Pan G. Development of a Label-Free Immunosensor for Clusterin Detection as an Alzheimer's Biomarker. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E308. [PMID: 29361679 PMCID: PMC5795331 DOI: 10.3390/s18010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) has been associated with the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and described as a potential AD biomarker in blood plasma. Due to the enormous attention given to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the past couple of decades, recently found blood-based AD biomarkers like CLU have not yet been reported for biosensors. Herein, we report the electrochemical detection of CLU for the first time using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Pyr-NHS) and decorated with specific anti-CLU antibody fragments. This bifunctional linker molecule contains succinylimide ester to bind protein at one end while its pyrene moiety attaches to the carbon surface by means of π-π stacking. Cyclic voltammetric and square wave voltammetric studies showed the limit of detection down to 1 pg/mL and a linear concentration range of 1-100 pg/mL with good sensitivity. Detection of CLU in spiked human plasma was demonstrated with satisfactory recovery percentages to that of the calibration data. The proposed method facilitates the cost-effective and viable production of label-free point-of-care devices for the clinical diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrul Islam
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Samar Damiati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jagriti Sethi
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Ahmed Suhail
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Genhua Pan
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
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19
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Watanabe T, Saijo Y, Hasegawa Y, Watanabe K, Nishijima Y, Baba T. Ion-sensitive photonic-crystal nanolaser sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:24469-24479. [PMID: 29041391 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.024469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In general, biochemical sensors based on photonic cavities are used to detect changes in the refractive index of the environment. In this study, however, a GaInAsP semiconductor photonic-crystal nanolaser sensor that we recently developed was found to detect not only the environmental refractive index but also the surface charge. In contrast to the pH sensitivity we reported previously, this is an ultra-sensitive detection mechanism capable of identifying proteins and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) at a femtomolar-order or lower concentrations. When the device is exposed to plasma or DNA solutions, the laser wavelength simultaneously changes with the zeta potential and the flat-band potential of the semiconductor surface. This indicates that the charged functional groups on the surface, which are formed by these treatments, modify the Schottky barrier near the semiconductor surface, trap the excited carriers in the barrier, and change the refractive index of the semiconductor via the carrier effects. These findings also suggest that some other photonic sensors may also exhibit similar electrochemical and optoelectronic effects.
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20
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Ultrasensitive Label-Free Sensing of IL-6 Based on PASE Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Micro-Arrays with RNA-Aptamers as Molecular Recognition Elements. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7020017. [PMID: 28420169 PMCID: PMC5487960 DOI: 10.3390/bios7020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the rapid and label-free detection of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) using carbon nanotube micro-arrays with aptamer as the molecular recognition element. Single wall carbon nanotubes micro-arrays biosensors were manufactured using photo-lithography, metal deposition, and etching techniques. Nanotube biosensors were functionalized with 1-Pyrenebutanoic Acid Succinimidyl Ester (PASE) conjugated IL-6 aptamers. Real time response of the sensor conductance was monitored with increasing concentration of IL-6 (1 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL), exposure to the sensing surface in buffer solution, and clinically relevant spiked blood samples. Non-specific Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), PBS samples, and anti-IgG functionalized devices gave similar signatures in the real time conductance versus time experiments with no significant change in sensor signal. Exposure of the aptamer functionalized nanotube surface to IL-6 decreased the conductance with increasing concentration of IL-6. Experiments based on field effect transistor arrays suggested shift in drain current versus gate voltage for 1 pg and 1 ng of IL-6 exposure. Non-specific BSA did not produce any appreciable shift in the Ids versus Vg suggesting specific interactions of IL-6 on PASE conjugated aptamer surface gave rise to the change in electrical signal. Both Z axis and phase image in an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) suggested unambiguous molecular interaction of the IL-6 on the nanotube-aptamer surface at 1 pg/mL concentration. The concentration of 1 pg falls below the diagnostic gray zone for cancer (2.3 pg-4 ng/mL), which is an indicator of early stage cancer. Thus, nanotube micro-arrays could potentially be developed for creating multiplexed assays involving cancer biomarker proteins and possibly circulating tumor cells all in a single assay using PASE functionalization protocol.
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21
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Nanoscale hybrid systems based on carbon nanotubes for biological sensing and control. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160330. [PMID: 28188158 PMCID: PMC5483890 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a concise review on the recent development of nanoscale hybrid systems based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for biological sensing and control. CNT-based hybrid systems have been intensively studied for versatile applications of biological interfaces such as sensing, cell therapy and tissue regeneration. Recent advances in nanobiotechnology not only enable the fabrication of highly sensitive biosensors at nanoscale but also allow the applications in the controls of cell growth and differentiation. This review describes the fabrication methods of such CNT-based hybrid systems and their applications in biosensing and cell controls.
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22
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Kumar S, Rani R, Dilbaghi N, Tankeshwar K, Kim KH. Carbon nanotubes: a novel material for multifaceted applications in human healthcare. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:158-196. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00517a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances achieved in modern material technology, especially in device fabrication, have facilitated diverse materials to expand the list of their application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
| | - Ruma Rani
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
| | - K. Tankeshwar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
- Department of Physics
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 04763
- Republic of Korea
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23
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Zheng HY, Alsager OA, Zhu B, Travas-Sejdic J, Hodgkiss JM, Plank NOV. Electrostatic gating in carbon nanotube aptasensors. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13659-13668. [PMID: 27376166 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08117c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic DNA aptamer receptors could boost the prospects of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electronic biosensors if signal transduction can be understood and engineered. Here, we report CNT aptasensors for potassium ions that clearly demonstrate aptamer-induced electrostatic gating of electronic conduction. The CNT network devices were fabricated on flexible substrates via a facile solution processing route and non-covalently functionalised with potassium binding aptamers. Monotonic increases in CNT conduction were observed in response to increasing potassium ion concentration, with a level of detection as low as 10 picomolar. The signal was shown to arise from a specific aptamer-target interaction that stabilises a G-quadruplex structure, bringing high negative charge density near the CNT channel. Electrostatic gating is established via the specificity and the sign of the current response, and by observing its suppression when higher ionic strength decreases the Debye length at the CNT-water interface. Sensitivity towards potassium and selectivity against other ions is demonstrated in both resistive mode and real time transistor mode measurements. The effective device architecture presented, along with the identification of clear response signatures, should inform the development of new electronic biosensors using the growing library of aptamer receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yue Zheng
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Omar A Alsager
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Bicheng Zhu
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand and Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Natalie O V Plank
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
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24
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Ta DT, Guedens W, Vranken T, Vanschoenbeek K, Steen Redeker E, Michiels L, Adriaensens P. Enhanced Biosensor Platforms for Detecting the Atherosclerotic Biomarker VCAM1 Based on Bioconjugation with Uniformly Oriented VCAM1-Targeting Nanobodies. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6030034. [PMID: 27399790 PMCID: PMC5039653 DOI: 10.3390/bios6030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface bioconjugation of biomolecules has gained enormous attention for developing advanced biomaterials including biosensors. While conventional immobilization (by physisorption or covalent couplings using the functional groups of the endogenous amino acids) usually results in surfaces with low activity, reproducibility and reusability, the application of methods that allow for a covalent and uniformly oriented coupling can circumvent these limitations. In this study, the nanobody targeting Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (NbVCAM1), an atherosclerotic biomarker, is engineered with a C-terminal alkyne function via Expressed Protein Ligation (EPL). Conjugation of this nanobody to azidified silicon wafers and Biacore™ C1 sensor chips is achieved via Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) “click” chemistry to detect VCAM1 binding via ellipsometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively. The resulting surfaces, covered with uniformly oriented nanobodies, clearly show an increased antigen binding affinity, sensitivity, detection limit, quantitation limit and reusability as compared to surfaces prepared by random conjugation. These findings demonstrate the added value of a combined EPL and CuAAC approach as it results in strong control over the surface orientation of the nanobodies and an improved detecting power of their targets—a must for the development of advanced miniaturized, multi-biomarker biosensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Tien Ta
- Biomolecule Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium.
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Can Tho University of Technology, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam.
| | - Wanda Guedens
- Biomolecule Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium.
| | - Tom Vranken
- Biomolecule Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium.
| | - Katrijn Vanschoenbeek
- Immunology and Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute (Biomed) and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium.
| | - Erik Steen Redeker
- Maastricht Science Programme, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc Michiels
- Immunology and Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute (Biomed) and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium.
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Biomolecule Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium.
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium.
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25
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Sun T, Kan S, Marriott G, Chang-Hasnain C. High-contrast grating resonators for label-free detection of disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27482. [PMID: 27265624 PMCID: PMC4893738 DOI: 10.1038/srep27482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A label-free optical biosensor is described that employs a silicon-based high-contrast grating (HCG) resonator with a spectral linewidth of ~500 pm that is sensitive to ligand-induced changes in surface properties. The device is used to generate thermodynamic and kinetic data on surface-attached antibodies with their respective antigens. The device can detect serum cardiac troponin I, a biomarker of cardiac disease to 100 pg/ml within 4 mins, which is faster, and as sensitive as current enzyme-linked immuno-assays for cTnI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shu Kan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gerard Marriott
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Connie Chang-Hasnain
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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26
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Kim J, Jin JH, Kim HS, Song W, Shin SK, Yi H, Jang DH, Shin S, Lee BY. Fully Automated Field-Deployable Bioaerosol Monitoring System Using Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5163-5171. [PMID: 27070239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the field of automated monitoring systems of airborne pathogens. However, they still lack the robustness and stability necessary for field deployment. Here, we demonstrate a bioaerosol automonitoring instrument (BAMI) specifically designed for the in situ capturing and continuous monitoring of airborne fungal particles. This was possible by developing highly sensitive and selective fungi sensors based on two-channel carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNT-FETs), followed by integration with a bioaerosol sampler, a Peltier cooler for receptor lifetime enhancement, and a pumping assembly for fluidic control. These four main components collectively cooperated with each other to enable the real-time monitoring of fungi. The two-channel CNT-FETs can detect two different fungal species simultaneously. The Peltier cooler effectively lowers the working temperature of the sensor device, resulting in extended sensor lifetime and receptor stability. The system performance was verified in both laboratory conditions and real residential areas. The system response was in accordance with reported fungal species distribution in the environment. Our system is versatile enough that it can be easily modified for the monitoring of other airborne pathogens. We expect that our system will expedite the development of hand-held and portable systems for airborne bioaerosol monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyup Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Joon-Hyung Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Wonbin Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hana Yi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dae-Ho Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sehyun Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Byung Yang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
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27
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Rezaei B, Ghani M, Shoushtari AM, Rabiee M. Electrochemical biosensors based on nanofibres for cardiac biomarker detection: A comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 78:513-523. [PMID: 26657595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vital importance of early and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) to prevent the irreversible damage or even death of patients has driven the development of biosensor devices for detection and quantification of cardiac biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors offer rapid sensing, low cost, portability and ease of use. Over the past few years, nanotechnology has contributed to a tremendous improvement in the sensitivity of biosensors. In this review, the authors summarise the state-of-the-art of the application of one particular type of nanostructured material, i.e. nanofibres, for use in electrochemical biosensors for the ultrasensitive detection of cardiac biomarkers. A new way of classifying the nanofibre-based electrochemical biosensors according to the electrical conductance and the type of nanofibres is presented. Some key data from each article reviewed are highlighted, including the mechanism of detection, experimental conditions and the response range of the biosensor. The primary aim of this review is to emphasise the prospects for nanofibres for the future development of biosensors in diagnosis of CVDs as well as considering how to improve their characteristics for application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rezaei
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Ghani
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mousavi Shoushtari
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Calcio Gaudino E, Tagliapietra S, Martina K, Barge A, Lolli M, Terreno E, Lembo D, Cravotto G. A novel SWCNT platform bearing DOTA and β-cyclodextrin units. "One shot" multidecoration under microwave irradiation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:4708-15. [PMID: 24872207 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via microwave-assisted grafting reactions enables efficient multidecoration in a single step. A novel water-soluble SWCNT platform was prepared via the simple 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides under dielectric heating. Thanks to a single grafting reaction the CNT surface binds in a 1 : 1 ratio an amino acidic β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative and the DOTAMA moiety (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid monoamide). This novel "one shot" synthesis, compared with multistep functionalizations, preserves the SWCNT's structural integrity (TEM images). Besides thermogravimetric analyses, the determination of the amount of β-CD and DOTA moieties grafting onto the SWCNT's surface was performed on the basis of phenolphthalein and gadolinium complexation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calcio Gaudino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, and Interdepartmental Centre "Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces" - NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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29
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Plasmonic Gold Decorated MWCNT Nanocomposite for Localized Plasmon Resonance Sensing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13181. [PMID: 26282187 PMCID: PMC4539546 DOI: 10.1038/srep13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergism of excellent properties of carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles is used in this work for bio-sensing of recombinant bovine growth hormones (rbST) by making Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) locally optically responsive by augmenting it optical properties through Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR). To this purpose, locally gold nano particles decorated gold-MWCNT composite was synthesized from a suspension of MWCNT bundles and hydrogen chloroauric acid in an aqueous solution, activated ultrasonically and, then, drop-casted on a glass substrate. The slow drying of the drop produces a "coffee ring" pattern that is found to contain gold-MWCNT nanocomposites, accumulated mostly along the perimeter of the ring. The reaction is studied also at low-temperature, in the vacuum chamber of the Scanning Electron Microscope and is accounted for by the local melting processes that facilitate the contact between the bundle of tubes and the gold ions. Biosensing applications of the gold-MWCNT nanocomposite using their LSPR properties are demonstrated for the plasmonic detection of traces of bovine growth hormone. The sensitivity of the hybrid platform which is found to be 1 ng/ml is much better than that measuring with gold nanoparticles alone which is only 25 ng/ml.
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30
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Crivianu-Gaita V, Thompson M. Immobilization of Fab’ fragments onto substrate surfaces: A survey of methods and applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:167-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Urmann K, Tenenbaum E, Walter JG, Segal E. Porous Silicon Biosensors Employing Emerging Capture Probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20346-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Goda T, Higashi D, Matsumoto A, Hoshi T, Sawaguchi T, Miyahara Y. Dual aptamer-immobilized surfaces for improved affinity through multiple target binding in potentiometric thrombin biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 73:174-180. [PMID: 26067329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We developed a label-free and reagent-less potentiometric biosensor with improved affinity for thrombin. Two different oligomeric DNA aptamers that can recognize different epitopes in thrombin were introduced in parallel or serial manners on the sensing surface to capture the target via multiple contacts as found in many biological systems. The spacer and linker in the aptamer probes were optimized for exerting the best performance in molecular recognition. To gain the specificity of the sensor to the target, an antifouling molecule, sulfobeaine-3-undecanethiol (SB), was introduced on the sensor to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Surface characterization revealed that the aptamer probe density was comparable to the distance of the two epitopes in thrombin, while the backfilling SB SAM was tightly aligned on the surface to resist nonspecific adsorption. The apparent binding parameters were obtained by thrombin sensing in potentiometry using the 1:1 Langmuir adsorption model, showing the improved dissociation constants (Kd) with the limit of detection of 5.5 nM on the dual aptamer-immobilized surfaces compared with single aptamer-immobilized ones. A fine control of spacer and linker length in the aptamer ligand was essential to realize the multivalent binding of thrombin on the sensor surface. The findings reported herein are effective for improving the sensitivity of potentiometric biosensor in an affordable way towards detection of tiny amount of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Daiki Higashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Toru Hoshi
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawaguchi
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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Jin JH, Kim J, Jeon T, Shin SK, Sohn JR, Yi H, Lee BY. Real-time selective monitoring of allergenic Aspergillus molds using pentameric antibody-immobilized single-walled carbon nanotube-field effect transistors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15815f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A SWNT-FET directly functionalized with immunoglobulin M shows a wide detection range from sub-picomolar to micromolar with an excellent sensitivity due to chemical gating in selective monitoring of fungal allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hyung Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-713
- Korea
| | - Junhyup Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-713
- Korea
| | - Taejin Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-713
- Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Public Health Science
- Graduate School
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-703
- Korea
| | - Jong-Ryeul Sohn
- Department of Environmental Health
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-703
- Korea
| | - Hana Yi
- Department of Public Health Science
- Graduate School
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-703
- Korea
| | - Byung Yang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-713
- Korea
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Pineda S, Han ZJ, Ostrikov K. Plasma-Enabled Carbon Nanostructures for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:4896-4929. [PMID: 28788112 PMCID: PMC5455823 DOI: 10.3390/ma7074896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures (CNs) are amongst the most promising biorecognition nanomaterials due to their unprecedented optical, electrical and structural properties. As such, CNs may be harnessed to tackle the detrimental public health and socio-economic adversities associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In particular, CNs may be tailored for a specific determination of biomarkers indicative of NDs. However, the realization of such a biosensor represents a significant technological challenge in the uniform fabrication of CNs with outstanding qualities in order to facilitate a highly-sensitive detection of biomarkers suspended in complex biological environments. Notably, the versatility of plasma-based techniques for the synthesis and surface modification of CNs may be embraced to optimize the biorecognition performance and capabilities. This review surveys the recent advances in CN-based biosensors, and highlights the benefits of plasma-processing techniques to enable, enhance, and tailor the performance and optimize the fabrication of CNs, towards the construction of biosensors with unparalleled performance for the early diagnosis of NDs, via a plethora of energy-efficient, environmentally-benign, and inexpensive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafique Pineda
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
- Plasma Nanoscience@Complex Systems, School of Physics, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Zhao Jun Han
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
- Plasma Nanoscience@Complex Systems, School of Physics, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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Nanovesicle-based platform for the electrophysiological monitoring of aquaporin-4 and the real-time detection of its antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:140-6. [PMID: 24874657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel protein transports water molecules across cell membranes bidirectionally and involves in a neurological disorder, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) caused by anti-AQP4 antibodies. Here, we developed a platform based on nanovesicle-carbon nanotube hybrid nanostructures for the real-time detection of anti-AQP4 antibodies and the electrophysiological monitoring of AQP4 activities. Using the hybrid device, we could detect anti-AQP4 antibodies with a high sensitivity and estimate the binding constants under different osmotic conditions. The results show AQP4 had a better affinity to anti-AQP4 antibodies under hyper-osmotic conditions than normal conditions. Furthermore, our device can be utilized to study the real-time cellular responses related with AQP4 such as those to different osmotic stresses. This nanovesicle-based platform can be a simple but versatile tool for basic research about AQP4 and related biomedical applications such as disease diagnostics.
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Cheng S, Hotani K, Hideshima S, Kuroiwa S, Nakanishi T, Hashimoto M, Mori Y, Osaka T. Field Effect Transistor Biosensor Using Antigen Binding Fragment for Detecting Tumor Marker in Human Serum. MATERIALS 2014; 7:2490-2500. [PMID: 28788579 PMCID: PMC5453370 DOI: 10.3390/ma7042490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Detection of tumor markers is important for cancer diagnosis. Field-effect transistors (FETs) are a promising method for the label-free detection of trace amounts of biomolecules. However, detection of electrically charged proteins using antibody-immobilized FETs is limited by ionic screening by the large probe molecules adsorbed to the transistor gate surface, reducing sensor responsiveness. Here, we investigated the effect of probe molecule size on the detection of a tumor marker, α-fetoprotein (AFP) using a FET biosensor. We demonstrated that the small receptor antigen binding fragment (Fab), immobilized on a sensing surface as small as 2–3 nm, offers a higher degree of sensitivity and a wider concentration range (100 pg/mL–1 μg/mL) for the FET detection of AFP in buffer solution, compared to the whole antibody. Therefore, the use of a small Fab probe molecule instead of a whole antibody is shown to be effective for improving the sensitivity of AFP detection in FET biosensors. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that a Fab-immobilized FET subjected to a blocking treatment, to avoid non-specific interactions, could sensitively and selectively detect AFP in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cheng
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Kaori Hotani
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Sho Hideshima
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Kuroiwa
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
| | - Takuya Nakanishi
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Hashimoto
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
| | - Yasuro Mori
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Osaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
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High-throughput Peptide epitope mapping using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2013; 2013:849303. [PMID: 23956755 PMCID: PMC3728521 DOI: 10.1155/2013/849303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Label-free and real-time detection technologies can dramatically reduce the time and cost of pharmaceutical testing and development. However, to reach their full promise, these technologies need to be adaptable to high-throughput automation. To demonstrate the potential of single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (SWCNT-FETs) for high-throughput peptide-based assays, we have designed circuits arranged in an 8 × 12 (96-well) format that are accessible to standard multichannel pipettors. We performed epitope mapping of two HIV-1 gp160 antibodies using an overlapping gp160 15-mer peptide library coated onto nonfunctionalized SWCNTs. The 15-mer peptides did not require a linker to adhere to the non-functionalized SWCNTs, and binding data was obtained in real time for all 96 circuits. Despite some sequence differences in the HIV strains used to generate these antibodies and the overlapping peptide library, respectively, our results using these antibodies are in good agreement with known data, indicating that peptides immobilized onto SWCNT are accessible and that linear epitope mapping can be performed in minutes using SWCNT-FET.
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Makowski MS, Kim S, Gaillard M, Janes D, Manfra MJ, Bryan I, Sitar Z, Arellano C, Xie J, Collazo R, Ivanisevic A. Physisorption of functionalized gold nanoparticles on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors for sensing applications. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2013; 102:74102. [PMID: 23509411 PMCID: PMC3592857 DOI: 10.1063/1.4791788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were used to measure electrical characteristics of physisorbed gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) functionalized with alkanethiols with a terminal methyl, amine, or carboxyl functional group. Additional alkanethiol was physisorbed onto the NP treated devices to distinguish between the effects of the Au NPs and alkanethiols on HEMT operation. Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and electrical measurements were used to characterize the treatment effects. The HEMTs were operated near threshold voltage due to the greatest sensitivity in this region. The Au NP/HEMT system electrically detected functional group differences on adsorbed NPs which is pertinent to biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Makowski
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA ; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Goda T, Miyahara Y. Label-free and reagent-less protein biosensing using aptamer-modified extended-gate field-effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 45:89-94. [PMID: 23466588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have developed biosensors based on an aptamer-modified field-effect transistor (FET) for the detection of lysozyme and thrombin. An oligonucleotide aptamer as a sensitive and specific ligand for these model proteins was covalently immobilized on a gold electrode extended to the gate of FET together with thiol molecules to make a densely packed self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The aptamer-based potentiometry was achieved in a multi-parallel way using a microelectrodes array format of the gate electrode. A change in the gate potential was monitored in real-time after introduction of a target protein at various concentrations to the functionalized electrodes in a buffer solution. Specific protein binding altered the charge density at the gate/solution interface, i.e., interface potential, because of the intrinsic local net-charges of the captured protein. The potentiometry successfully determined the lysozyme and thrombin on the solid phase with their dynamic ranges 15.2-1040 nM and 13.4-1300 nM and the limit of detection of 12.0 nM and 6.7 nM, respectively. Importantly, robust signals were obtained by the specific protein recognition even in the spiked 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) conditions. The technique herein described is all within a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible format, and is thus promising for highly efficient and low cost manufacturing with the readiness of downsizing and integration by virtue of advanced semiconductor processing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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40
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Rajter RF, French RH, Ching W, Podgornik R, Parsegian VA. Chirality-dependent properties of carbon nanotubes: electronic structure, optical dispersion properties, Hamaker coefficients and van der Waals–London dispersion interactions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20083j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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41
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King BC, Burkhead T, Panchapakesan B. Electrical detection of specific versus non-specific binding events in breast cancer cells. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2012; 8460:84600S. [PMID: 27274607 DOI: 10.1117/12.929875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patient blood samples offers a desirable alternative to invasive tissue biopsies for screening of malignant carcinomas. A rigorous CTC detection method must identify CTCs from millions of other formed elements in blood and distinguish them from healthy tissue cells also present in the blood. CTCs are known to overexpress certain surface receptors, many of which aid them in invading other tissue, and these provide an avenue for their detection. We have developed carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film devices to specifically detect these receptors in intact cells. The CNT sidewalls are functionalized with antibodies specific to Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), a marker overexpressed by breast and other carcinomas. Specific binding of EpCAM to anti-EpCAM causes a change in the local charge environment of the CNT surface which produces a characteristic electrical signal. Two cell lines are tested in the device: MCF7, a mammary adenocarcinoma line which overexpresses EpCAM, and MCF10A, a non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial line which does not. Introduction of MCF7s causes significant changes in the electrical conductance of the devices due to specific binding and associated charge environment change near the CNT sidewalls. Introduction of MCF10A displays a different profile due to purely nonspecific interactions. The profile of specific vs. nonspecific interaction signatures using carbon based devices will guide development of this diagnostic tool towards clinical sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C King
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Thomas Burkhead
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Balaji Panchapakesan
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
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42
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Pacios M, Martin-Fernandez I, Borrisé X, del Valle M, Bartrolí J, Lora-Tamayo E, Godignon P, Pérez-Murano F, Esplandiu MJ. Real time protein recognition in a liquid-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor modified with aptamers. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5917-5923. [PMID: 22899008 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of optimized and passivated Field Effect Transistors (FETs) based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) together with the appropriate choice and immobilization strategy of aptamer receptors and buffer concentration have allowed the highly sensitive and real time biorecognition of proteins in a liquid-gated configuration. Specifically we have followed the biorecognition process of thrombin by its specific aptamer. The aptamer modified device is sensitive enough to capture a change in the electronic detection mechanism, one operating at low protein concentrations and the other in a higher target concentration range. The high sensitivity of the device is also sustained by the very low detection limits achieved (20 pM) and their high selectivity when other target proteins are used. Moreover, the experimental results have allowed us to quantify the equilibrium constant of the protein-aptamer binding and confirm its high affinity by using the Langmuir equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Pacios
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Edifici C-nord, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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43
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Yamamoto D, Hideshima S, Kuroiwa S, Nakanishi T, Osaka T. Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 by Field Effect Transistor with a Fibronectin-immobilized Gate. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Sho Hideshima
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Shigeki Kuroiwa
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Takuya Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Tetsuya Osaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
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Lim JH, Park J, Ahn JH, Jin HJ, Hong S, Park TH. A peptide receptor-based bioelectronic nose for the real-time determination of seafood quality. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 39:244-9. [PMID: 22901715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a peptide receptor-based bioelectronic nose (PRBN) that can determine the quality of seafood in real-time through measuring the amount of trimethylamine (TMA) generated from spoiled seafood. The PRBN was developed using single walled-carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (SWNT-FETs) functionalized with olfactory receptor-derived peptides (ORPs) which can recognize TMA and it allowed us to sensitively and selectively detect TMA in real-time at concentrations as low as 10fM. Utilizing these properties, we were able to not only determine the quality of three kinds of seafood (oyster, shrimp, and lobster), but were also able to distinguish spoiled seafood from other types of spoiled foods without any pretreatment processes. Especially, the use of small synthetic peptide rather than the whole protein allowed PRBNs to be simply manufactured through a single-step process and to be reused with high reproducibility due to no requirement of lipid bilayers. Furthermore, the PRBN was produced on a portable scale making it effectively useful for the food industry where the on-site measurement of seafood quality is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Lim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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45
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Ma X, Sim SJ. Ultrasensitive detection of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide based on carbon nanotube field effect transistor. Analyst 2012; 137:3328-34. [PMID: 22669083 DOI: 10.1039/c2an16253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We developed a simple, ultrasensitive, and quantitative detection method for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs). Following the injection of NADH at different concentrations, we obtained different electrical signals from a semiconductor characterization system mimicking biological catalysis of NADH dehydrogenase (CoI). Here, FET was fabricated via photolithography, attaching silicon wells, as the detection chamber, on the channel area of the single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT). SWCNTs were functionalized with phenazine derivant, a counterpart of the key functional prosthetic group of CoI enzyme. In the presence of NADH, electrons transferred to phenazine derivant through SWCNT, by analogous means of the electron transport chain formed by a series of iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters in CoI. Using this method, the limit of detection was as low as 1 pM, and the range of linear response was 10 pM to 500 nM. Significantly, this approach possesses great potential for applications in real-time detection of NADH at extremely low concentrations, and rigorous analysis for NADH in electrochemical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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46
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Evaluation of Aromatic Boronic Acids as Ligands for Measuring Diabetes Markers on Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/371487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular detections performed on carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNT-FETs) frequently use reactive pyrenes as an anchor to tether bioactive ligands to the hydrophobic nanotubes. In this paper, we explore the possibility of directly using bioactive aromatic compounds themselves as CNT-FET ligands. This would be an efficient way to functionalize CNT-FETs since many aromatic compounds bind avidly to nanotubes, and it would also ensure that ligand-binding molecules would be brought in close proximity to the nanotubes. Using a model system consisting of pyrene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, or phenyl boronic acids immobilized on CNT-FET wafers, we show that all are able to bind glycated human serum albumin (gHSA), which is an important diabetes marker. Pyrene boronic acid proved to bind CNTs with the greatest apparent affinity as measured by gHSA impedance. Interestingly, gHSA CNT-FET signal intensity, which is proportional to amount of protein bound, remained essentially unchanged for all the boronic acids tested.
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He RX, Zhang M, Tan F, Leung PHM, Zhao XZ, Chan HLW, Yang M, Yan F. Detection of bacteria with organic electrochemical transistors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33667g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou XH, Xi FN, Zhang YM, Lin XF. Reagentless biosensor based on layer-by-layer assembly of functional multiwall carbon nanotubes and enzyme-mediator biocomposite. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2011; 12:468-76. [PMID: 21634040 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple and controllable layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly method was proposed for the construction of reagentless biosensors based on electrostatic interaction between functional multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and enzyme-mediator biocomposites. The carboxylated MWNTs were wrapped with polycations poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and the resulting PAH-MWNTs were well dispersed and positively charged. As a water-soluble dye methylene blue (MB) could mix well with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to form a biocompatible and negatively-charged HRP-MB biocomposite. A (PAH-MWNTs/HRP-MB)(n) bionanomultilayer was then prepared by electrostatic LBL assembly of PAH-MWNTs and HRP-MB on a polyelectrolyte precursor film-modified Au electrode. Due to the excellent biocompatibility of HRP-MB biocomposite and the uniform LBL assembly, the immobilized HRP could retain its natural bioactivity and MB could efficiently shuttle electrons between HRP and the electrode. The incorporation of MWNTs in the bionanomultilayer enhanced the surface coverage concentration of the electroactive enzyme and increased the catalytic current response of the electrode. The proposed biosensor displayed a fast response (2 s) to hydrogen peroxide with a low detection limit of 2.0×10⁻⁷ mol/L (S/N=3). This work provided a versatile platform in the further development of reagentless biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Jones LP, Stefansson S, Kim MS, Ahn SN. Comparison of radioimmuno and carbon nanotube field-effect transistor assays for measuring insulin-like growth factor-1 in a preclinical model of human breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:36. [PMID: 21888628 PMCID: PMC3182969 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To realize the promise of personalized medicine, diagnostic instruments used for detecting and measuring biomarkers must become smaller, faster and less expensive. Although most techniques used currently to detect biomarkers are sensitive and specific, many suffer from several disadvantages including their complexity, high cost and long turnaround time. One strategy to overcome these problems is to exploit carbon nanotube (CNT) based biosensors, which are sensitive, use inexpensive disposable components and can be easily adapted to current assay protocols. In this study we investigated the applicability of using a CNT field-effect transistor (CNT-FET) as a diagnostic instrument for measuring cancer biomarkers in serum using a mouse model of Breast Cancer Susceptibility 1-related breast cancer. Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was chosen because it is highly relevant in breast cancer and because measuring serum IGF-1 levels by conventional methods is complicated due to specific IGF-1 serum binding proteins. Findings Our results show that there is good correlation between the two platforms with respect to detecting serum IGF-1. In fact, the CNT-FETs required only one antibody, gave real-time results and required approximately 100-fold less mouse serum than the radioimmunoassay. Conclusions Both IGF-1 radioimmuno and CNT-FET assays gave comparable results. Indeed, the CNT-FET assay was simpler and faster than the radioimmunoassay. Additionally, the low serum sample required by CNT-FETs can be especially advantageous for studies constricted by limited amount of human clinical samples and for mouse studies, since animals often need to be sacrificed to obtain enough serum for biomarker evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laundette P Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore St, BRB-400-2 Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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Kita S, Hachuda S, Otsuka S, Endo T, Imai Y, Nishijima Y, Misawa H, Baba T. Super-sensitivity in label-free protein sensing using a nanoslot nanolaser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:17683-17690. [PMID: 21935136 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.017683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microphotonic sensors have been actively studied with increasing demands for label-free biosensing in medical diagnoses and life sciences. For high-throughput and low-cost sensing, a high sensitivity is crucial for eliminating the pre-concentration process, while a simple setup of sensors is also desirable. This paper demonstrates a super-sensitivity for protein, which satisfies these requirements. The key device is a photonic crystal nanolaser, in particular with a nanoslot. Even using a simple setup, the nanolaser achieves an extraordinary-low detection limit for BSA protein, i.e. 255 fM on an average, which cannot be explained by its bulk index sensitivity. The specific adsorption of the protein is observed only around the nanoslot with strong laser intensity. This suggests that the super-sensitivity arises from the effective trapping of protein in the nanoslot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kita
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yokohama National University, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, Japan.
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