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Tan G, Fei Z, Wei R, Wu X, Xiao P. Development of a Novel Bioluminescence Pyrophosphate Assay for the High-Sensitivity Detection of Hepatitis B Virus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:725-736. [PMID: 34519921 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of bloodborne viruses through transfusion remains a major blood supply-related safety concern, with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) being the most important pathogens in this context. Real-time bioluminescent pyrophosphate testing has been developed as a means of readily detecting bacterial cells within particular sample types without requiring the use of expensive or complex instrumentation. The sensitivity of this approach, however, is often limited such that it is not compatible with many potential applications. In this study, we sought to overcome the limitations of this pyrophosphate bioluminescent assay format by using 2-deoxyadenosine-5-(α-thio)-triphosphate (dATPαS) in place of dATP for PCR amplification, thereby dramatically reducing background signal levels. We leveraged this combination PCR and bioluminescent pyrophosphate assay approach to facilitate HBV detection. This assay yielded a limit of detection of 500 copies/mL, making it more sensitive than traditional bioluminescent assays, about 1000 times more sensitive than that of PCR product analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis, and roughly as sensitive as qPCR as a means of detecting viral DNA. We then used this assay to analyze 100 serum samples, with qPCR being used for result validation. The assay required 100 min to complete, and was able to detect as few as 500 copies/mL of viral DNA. Overall, our approach was rapid, sensitive, and simple, enabling users to readily detect HBV in a reliable and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolei Tan
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Lu 1#, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Zhongjie Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2#, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Rongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2#, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuping Wu
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Lu 1#, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210003, China.
| | - Pengfeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2#, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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2
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Fei Z, Wei R, Zhou D, Li N, Xiao P. A novel bioluminescent approach to the loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based detection of Lactobacillus salivarius in feed samples. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 187:106209. [PMID: 33771523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coupling loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with a bioluminescent assay in real-time (LAMP-BART) is a strategy that can be readily leveraged to detect bacteria in particular samples of interest without the need for costly or complicated equipments. However, this approach exhibits poor sensitivity, and it additionally amplifies all target DNA including that derived from non-viable cells. Herein, we sought to overcome these traditional pyrophosphate bioluminescent assay limitations by utilizing 2-deoxyadenosine-5-(α-thio) -triphosphate (dATPαS) in place of dATP when conducting LAMP, thereby markedly reducing and stabilizing overall background signal levels, resulting in a detection limit of 3 CFU/μL. We were additionally able to ouple this LAMP-BART with propidium monoazide (PMAxx™) as a means of eliminating false-positive signals derived from nonviable cells. Herein, we detail the development of this PMAxx™-LAMP-BART assay and its use for the detection of live Lactobacillus salivarius. Our developed approach exhibited 100% specificity, with a 3 CFU/μL limit of detection (LOD) pure culture. In the application of feed, the LOD was 103 CFU per 10 g of spiked dry dog food and 102 CFU per 10 g of spiked chicken feed without enrichment. Traditional culture methods and a MALDI Biotyper were also used to confirm the accuracy of our novel assay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Rongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Dongrui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Pengfeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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A Novel Approach to the Bioluminescent Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab Gene by Coupling Isothermal RNA Reverse Transcription Amplification with a Digital PCR Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031017. [PMID: 33498408 PMCID: PMC7864175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which first emerged in December 2019, represents an ongoing global public health emergency. Here, we developed an improved and highly sensitive approach to SARS-CoV-2 detection via coupling bioluminescence in real-time (BART) and reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP) protocols (RT-LAMP-BART) and was also compatible with a digital LAMP system (Rainsuit), which did not allow for real-time quantification but did, nonetheless, facilitate absolute quantification with a comparable detection limit of 104 copies/mL. Through improving RNA availability in samples to ensure the target RNA present in reaction, we additionally developed a simulated digital RT-LAMP approach using this same principle to enlarge the overall reaction volume and to achieve real-time detection with a limit of detection of 10 copies/mL, and with further improvements in the overall dynamic range of this assay system being achieved through additional optimization.
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Fei Z, Zhou D, Dai W, Xiao P. Rapid and highly sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food with loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled to a new bioluminescent assay. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1793-1803. [PMID: 32335921 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Testing for bioluminescent pyrophosphate is a convenient method of DNA detection without complex equipments, but it is insufficiently sensitive and offers no particular time advantage over other rapid detection methods. The shortcomings of the traditional bioluminescent pyrophosphate method have been addressed by using 2-deoxyadenosine-5-(α-thio)-triphosphate (dATPαS) instead of dATP for LAMP, thus reducing the high background signal and generating a constant background value. In this study, LAMP coupled to a novel bioluminescent pyrophosphate assay was developed to detect E. coli O157:H7. The new method has a limit of detection of <10 copies/μL or 5 CFU/mL; its sensitivity is higher than that of the conventional LAMP assay. Moreover, a food-borne pathogen can be detected when a single DNA template is included in the LAMP assay, making it 100 times more sensitive than the traditional LAMP method. Three hundred food samples were tested with this assay and the accuracy of detection was verified with a culture method and MALDI Biotyper. The assay only took 90-120 min and detected <10 copies of the pathogen. This method had the advantages of rapidity, sensitivity, and simplicity, so it is very competitive for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Dongrui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Pengfeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Fei Z, Zhou D, Li N, Xiao P. New bioluminescence pyrophosphate assay for high-sensitivity detection of food-borne pathogens. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 35:355-364. [PMID: 31863531 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods of identifying food-borne pathogens are time consuming and laborious, so innovative methods for their rapid identification must be developed. Testing for bioluminescence pyrophosphate is a convenient and fast method of detecting pathogens without complex equipment. However, the sensitivity of the method is not as high as that of other methods, and it has a very high detection limit. In this study, the method was optimized to improve its sensitivity. The shortcomings of the method were first identified and corrected using dATPαS instead of dATP for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), therefore reducing the background signal. Also, when the DNA template extracted from the food-borne pathogens was purified, the new bioluminescence pyrophosphate assay had a limit of detection of <10 copy/μl or 10 colony-forming units/ml, and its sensitivity was higher than that of fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR. Moreover, a single copy of a food-borne pathogen could be detected when a single DNA template was included in the PCR. Salmonella was detected in and isolated from 60 samples of broiler chicken, and the accuracy of the results was verified using a culture method (GB 4789.4-2010). These results showed that the new bioluminescence pyrophosphate assay has the advantages of an intuitive detection process, convenient operation, and rapid measurements. Therefore, it can be used for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria and probiotics in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fei
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongrui Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfeng Xiao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Martín-Sánchez E, Mendaza S, Ulazia-Garmendia A, Monreal-Santesteban I, Córdoba A, Vicente-García F, Blanco-Luquin I, De La Cruz S, Aramendia A, Guerrero-Setas D. CDH22 hypermethylation is an independent prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:7. [PMID: 28149335 PMCID: PMC5270318 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadherin-like protein 22 (CDH22) is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell-cell adhesion and metastasis. Its role in cancer is controversial because it has been described as being upregulated in colorectal cancer, whereas it is downregulated in metastatic melanoma. However, its status in breast cancer (BC) is unknown. The purpose of our study was to determine the molecular status and clinical value of CDH22 in BC. RESULTS We observed by immunohistochemistry that the level of CDH22 expression was lower in BC tissues than in their matched adjacent-to-tumour and non-neoplastic tissues from reduction mammoplasties. Since epigenetic alteration is one of the main causes of gene silencing, we analysed the hypermethylation of 3 CpG sites in the CDH22 promoter by pyrosequencing in a series of 142 infiltrating duct BC cases. CDH22 was found to be hypermethylated in tumoral tissues relative to non-neoplastic mammary tissues. Importantly, this epigenetic alteration was already present in adjacent-to-tumour tissues, although to a lesser extent than in tumoral samples. Furthermore, CDH22 gene regulation was dynamically modulated in vitro by epigenetic drugs. Interestingly, CDH22 hypermethylation in all 3 CpG sites simultaneously, but not expression, was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival (p = 0.015) and overall survival (p = 0.021) in our patient series. Importantly, CDH22 hypermethylation was an independent factor that predicts poor progression-free survival regardless of age and stage (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our results are the first evidence that CDH22 is hypermethylated in BC and that this alteration is an independent prognostic factor in BC. Thus, CDH22 hypermethylation could be a potential biomarker of poor prognosis in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Martín-Sánchez
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Navarrabiomed. Departmento de Salud-UPNA. IdiSNA, Irunlarrea Road, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Mendaza
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Navarrabiomed. Departmento de Salud-UPNA. IdiSNA, Irunlarrea Road, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ane Ulazia-Garmendia
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Navarrabiomed. Departmento de Salud-UPNA. IdiSNA, Irunlarrea Road, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Monreal-Santesteban
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Navarrabiomed. Departmento de Salud-UPNA. IdiSNA, Irunlarrea Road, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alicia Córdoba
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea Road, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Immunomodulation Group, Navarrabiomed. Departmento de Salud-UPNA. IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana De La Cruz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Aramendia
- Biobank of Navarrabiomed. Departmento de Salud-UPNA. IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Guerrero-Setas
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Navarrabiomed. Departmento de Salud-UPNA. IdiSNA, Irunlarrea Road, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea Road, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Cahová H, Panattoni A, Kielkowski P, Fanfrlík J, Hocek M. 5-Substituted Pyrimidine and 7-Substituted 7-Deazapurine dNTPs as Substrates for DNA Polymerases in Competitive Primer Extension in the Presence of Natural dNTPs. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3165-3171. [PMID: 27668519 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A complete series of 5-substituted uracil or cytosine, as well as 7-substituted 7-deazaadenine and 7-deazaguanine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) bearing substituents of increasing bulkiness (H, Me, vinyl, ethynyl, and phenyl) were systematically studied in competitive primer extension in the presence of their natural counterparts (nonmodified dNTPs), and their kinetic data were determined. The results show that modified dNTPs bearing π-electron-containing substituents (vinyl, ethynyl, Ph) are typically excellent substrates for DNA polymerases comparable to or better than natural dNTPs. The kinetic studies revealed that these modified dNTPs have higher affinity to the active site of the enzyme-primer-template complex, and the calculations (semiempirical quantum mechanical scoring function) suggest that it is due to the cation-π interaction of the modified dNTP with Arg629 in the active site of Bst DNA polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cahová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo namesti 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Panattoni
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo namesti 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kielkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo namesti 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo namesti 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo namesti 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague-2 12843, Czech Republic
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Fujita H, Nakajima K, Kasahara Y, Ozaki H, Kuwahara M. Polymerase-mediated high-density incorporation of amphiphilic functionalities into DNA: enhancement of nuclease resistance and stability in human serum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:333-6. [PMID: 25475204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides (mdODNs) bearing multiple copies of an amphiphilic functional group were enzymatically synthesized by simultaneous incorporation of base-modified 5'-triphosphate analogs of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG(am)TP), 2'-deoxyuridine (dU(am)TP), 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA(am)TP), and 2'-deoxycytosine (dC(am)TP). The amphiphilic functionality, that is, (E)-38,53-dioxo-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-dodecaoxa-39,52-diazapentapentacont-54-en-55-yl group, consists of the water soluble dodeca(ethylene glycol) chain and the hydrophobic dodecyl chain. An enzymatically synthesized ODN, composed of a 20-mer 5'-terminal segment containing 2'-O,4'-C-methylene-bridged/linked bicyclic ribonucleotide (B/L nucleotide) and a 12-mer 3'-terminal segment containing the nucleobase-modified analogs, exhibits very high resistance against phosphodiesterase I and is stable in human serum for a longer period when compared with ODN, where the 12-mer 3'-terminal segment contains unmodified nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Fujita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Nakajima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yuuya Kasahara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan; National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), 7-6-8 Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ozaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
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Mutant firefly luciferases with improved specific activity and dATP discrimination constructed by yeast cell surface engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:4003-11. [PMID: 23149753 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyrosequencing system utilizing luciferase is one of the next-generation DNA sequencing systems. However, there is a crucial problem with the current pyrosequencing system: luciferase cannot discriminate between ATP and dATP completely, and dATPαS must be used as the dATP analogue. dATPαS is expensive and has low activity for the enzyme. If luciferase can clearly recognize the difference between ATP and dATP, dATP could be used instead of the expensive dATPαS in the pyrosequencing system. We attempted to prepare a novel luciferase with improved specific activity and dATP discrimination with the molecular display method. First, we selected two amino acid residues, Ser440 and Ser456, as target residues for mutation from the whole sequence of Photinus pyralis luciferase; we comprehensively mutated these two amino acids. A mutant luciferase library was constructed using yeast cell surface engineering. Through three step-wide screenings with individual conditions, we easily and speedily isolated three candidate mutants from 1,152 candidates and analyzed the properties of these mutants. Consequently, we succeeded in obtaining interesting mutant luciferases with improved specific activity and dATP discrimination more conveniently than with other methods.
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Kasahara Y, Kuwahara M. Artificial specific binders directly recovered from chemically modified nucleic acid libraries. J Nucleic Acids 2012; 2012:156482. [PMID: 23094139 PMCID: PMC3472525 DOI: 10.1155/2012/156482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific binders comprised of nucleic acids, that is, RNA/DNA aptamers, are attractive functional biopolymers owing to their potential broad application in medicine, food hygiene, environmental analysis, and biological research. Despite the large number of reports on selection of natural DNA/RNA aptamers, there are not many examples of direct screening of chemically modified nucleic acid aptamers. This is because of (i) the inferior efficiency and accuracy of polymerase reactions involving transcription/reverse-transcription of modified nucleotides compared with those of natural nucleotides, (ii) technical difficulties and additional time and effort required when using modified nucleic acid libraries, and (iii) ambiguous efficacies of chemical modifications in binding properties until recently; in contrast, the effects of chemical modifications on biostability are well studied using various nucleotide analogs. Although reports on the direct screening of a modified nucleic acid library remain in the minority, chemical modifications would be essential when further functional expansion of nucleic acid aptamers, in particular for medical and biological uses, is considered. This paper focuses on enzymatic production of chemically modified nucleic acids and their application to random screenings. In addition, recent advances and possible future research are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuya Kasahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
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Becker EA, Burns CM, León EJ, Rajabojan S, Friedman R, Friedrich TC, O'Connor SL, Hughes AL. Experimental analysis of sources of error in evolutionary studies based on Roche/454 pyrosequencing of viral genomes. Genome Biol Evol 2012; 4:457-65. [PMID: 22436995 PMCID: PMC3342875 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evs029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors affecting the reliability of Roche/454 pyrosequencing for analyzing sequence polymorphism in within-host viral populations were assessed by two experiments: 1) sequencing four clonal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) stocks and 2) sequencing mixtures in different proportions of two SIV strains with known fixed nucleotide differences. Observed nucleotide diversity and frequency of undetermined nucleotides were increased at sites in homopolymer runs of four or more identical nucleotides, particularly at AT sites. However, in the mixed-strain experiments, the effects on estimated nucleotide diversity of such errors were small in comparison to known strain differences. The results suggest that biologically meaningful variants present at a frequency of around 10% and possibly much lower are easily distinguished from artifacts of the sequencing process. Analysis of the clonal stocks revealed numerous rare variants that showed the signature of purifying selection and that elimination of variants at frequencies of less than 1% reduced estimates of nucleotide diversity by about an order of magnitude. Thus, using a 1% frequency cutoff for accepting a variant as real represents a conservative standard, which may be useful in studies that are focused on the discovery of specific mutations (such as those conferring immune escape or drug resistance). On the other hand, if the goal is to estimate nucleotide diversity, an optimal strategy might be to include all observed variants (even those at less than 1% frequency), while masking out homopolymer runs of four or more nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka A. Becker
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin
| | - Charles M. Burns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin
| | - Enrique J. León
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin
| | | | - Robert Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin
| | - Shelby L. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin
| | - Austin L. Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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