1
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Mecklenburg L, Ducore R, Boyle M, Newell A, Boone L, Luft J, Romeike A, Haverkamp AK, Mansfield K, Penraat KA, Baczenas JJ, Minor N, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. A new genotype of hepatitis A virus causing transient liver enzyme elevations in Mauritius-origin laboratory-housed Macaca fascicularis. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:488-496. [PMID: 37953600 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231209691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infects humans and nonhuman primates, typically causing an acute self-limited illness. Three HAV genotypes have been described so far for humans, and three genotypes have been described for nonhuman primates. We observed transiently elevated liver enzymes in Mauritius-origin laboratory-housed macaques in Germany and were not able to demonstrate an etiology including HAV by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HAV is a rare pathogen in cynomolgus macaques, and since all employees were routinely vaccinated against HAV, it was not a part of the routine vaccination and screening program. A deep sequencing approach identified a new HAV genotype (referred to as Simian_HAV_Macaca/Germany/Mue-1/2022) in blood samples from affected animals. This HAV was demonstrated by reverse transcription PCR in blood and liver and by in situ hybridization in liver, gall bladder, and septal ducts. A commercial vaccine was used to protect animals from liver enzyme elevation. The newly identified simian HAV genotype demonstrates 80% nucleotide sequence identity to other simian and human HAV genotypes. There was deeper divergence between Simian_HAV_Macaca/Germany/Mue-1/2022 and other previously described HAVs, including both human and simian viruses. In situ hybridization indicated persistence in the biliary epithelium up to 3 months after liver enzymes were elevated. Vaccination using a commercial vaccine against human HAV prevented reoccurrence of liver enzyme elevations. Because available assays for HAV did not detect this new HAV genotype, knowledge of its existence may ameliorate potential significant epidemiological and research implications in laboratories globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Ducore
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Inc., Chantilly, VA
| | - Molly Boyle
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Inc., Somerset, NJ
| | - Andrew Newell
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Ltd., Harrogate, UK
| | - Laura Boone
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Inc., Greenfield, IN
| | - Joerg Luft
- Labcorp Early Development Services GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Minor
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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2
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Larson EC, Ellis-Connell AL, Rodgers MA, Gubernat AK, Gleim JL, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Ameel CL, Jauro S, Tomko JA, Kracinovsky KB, Maiello P, Borish HJ, White AG, Klein E, Bucsan AN, Darrah PA, Seder RA, Roederer M, Lin PL, Flynn JL, O'Connor SL, Scanga CA. Author Correction: Intravenous Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination protects simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques from tuberculosis. Nat Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41564-024-01631-y. [PMID: 38355766 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Amy L Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abigail K Gubernat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janelle L Gleim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cassaundra L Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Solomon Jauro
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime A Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kara B Kracinovsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Jake Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Minor NR, Ramuta MD, Stauss MR, Harwood OE, Brakefield SF, Alberts A, Vuyk WC, Bobholz MJ, Rosinski JR, Wolf S, Lund M, Mussa M, Beversdorf LJ, Aliota MT, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. Author Correction: Metagenomic sequencing detects human respiratory and enteric viruses in air samples collected from congregate settings. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1316. [PMID: 38225378 PMCID: PMC10789807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitchell D Ramuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | | | - Olivia E Harwood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Savannah F Brakefield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Alexandra Alberts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - William C Vuyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Max J Bobholz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Jenna R Rosinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Sydney Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Madelyn Lund
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Madison Mussa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
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4
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Minor NR, Ramuta MD, Stauss MR, Harwood OE, Brakefield SF, Alberts A, Vuyk WC, Bobholz MJ, Rosinski JR, Wolf S, Lund M, Mussa M, Beversdorf LJ, Aliota MT, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. Metagenomic sequencing detects human respiratory and enteric viruses in air samples collected from congregate settings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21398. [PMID: 38049453 PMCID: PMC10696062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative methods for evaluating virus risk and spread, independent of test-seeking behavior, are needed to improve routine public health surveillance, outbreak response, and pandemic preparedness. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental surveillance strategies, including wastewater andair sampling, have been used alongside widespread individual-based SARS-CoV-2 testing programs to provide population-level data. These environmental surveillance strategies have predominantly relied on pathogen-specific detection methods to monitor viruses through space and time. However, this provides a limited picture of the virome present in an environmental sample, leaving us blind to most circulating viruses. In this study, we explore whether pathogen-agnostic deep sequencing can expand the utility of air sampling to detect many human viruses. We show that sequence-independent single-primer amplification sequencing of nucleic acids from air samples can detect common and unexpected human respiratory and enteric viruses, including influenza virus type A and C, respiratory syncytial virus, human coronaviruses, rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, rotavirus, mamastrovirus, and astrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitchell D Ramuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | | | - Olivia E Harwood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Savannah F Brakefield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Alexandra Alberts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - William C Vuyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Max J Bobholz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Jenna R Rosinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Sydney Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Madelyn Lund
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Madison Mussa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
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5
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Temte J, Goss M, Barlow S, O'Connor DH, O'Connor SL, Ramuta MD, Uzicanin A. Four Methods for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Activity in Schools. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2346329. [PMID: 38051533 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study describes 4 parallel approaches used simultaneously to monitor influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 activity within a Wisconsin school district during the Fall 2022 semester and briefly following winter break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Temte
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Maureen Goss
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Shari Barlow
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Mitchell D Ramuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Amra Uzicanin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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6
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Haycroft ER, Damelang T, Lopez E, Rodgers MA, Wines BD, Hogarth M, Ameel CL, Kent SJ, Scanga CA, O'Connor SL, Chung AW. Antibody glycosylation correlates with disease progression in SIV- Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfected cynomolgus macaques. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1474. [PMID: 38020728 PMCID: PMC10660403 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. However, the immunological mechanisms associated with the enhanced susceptibility among HIV-positive individuals remain largely unknown. Methods Here, we used a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/TB-coinfection Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (MCM) model to examine humoral responses from the plasma of SIV-negative (n = 8) and SIV-positive (n = 7) MCM 8-week postinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Results Antibody responses to Mtb were impaired during SIV coinfection. Elevated inflammatory bulk IgG antibody glycosylation patterns were observed in coinfected macaques early at 8-week post-Mtb infection, including increased agalactosylation (G0) and reduced di-galactosylation (G2), which correlated with endpoint Mtb bacterial burden and gross pathology scores, as well as the time-to-necropsy. Conclusion These studies suggest that humoral immunity may contribute to control of TB disease and support growing literature that highlights antibody Fc glycosylation as a biomarker of TB disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebene R Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies GroupBurnet InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Clinical PathologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies GroupBurnet InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Clinical PathologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Cassaundra L Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Vaccine ResearchUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research CentreUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDoherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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7
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Larson EC, Ellis-Connell AL, Rodgers MA, Gubernat AK, Gleim JL, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Ameel CL, Jauro S, Tomko JA, Kracinovsky KB, Maiello P, Borish HJ, White AG, Klein E, Bucsan AN, Darrah PA, Seder RA, Roederer M, Lin PL, Flynn JL, O'Connor SL, Scanga CA. Intravenous Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination protects simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques from tuberculosis. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2080-2092. [PMID: 37814073 PMCID: PMC10627825 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the most common cause of death in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Intra-dermal Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) delivery is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis; however, it offers little protection from pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and is contraindicated in people living with HIV. Intravenous BCG confers protection against Mtb infection in rhesus macaques; we hypothesized that it might prevent tuberculosis in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques, a model for HIV infection. Here intravenous BCG-elicited robust airway T cell influx and elevated plasma and airway antibody titres in both SIV-infected and naive animals. Following Mtb challenge, all 7 vaccinated SIV-naive and 9 out of 12 vaccinated SIV-infected animals were protected, without any culturable bacteria detected from tissues. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses post-challenge indicated early clearance of Mtb in vaccinated animals, regardless of SIV infection. These data support that intravenous BCG is immunogenic and efficacious in SIV-infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Amy L Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abigail K Gubernat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janelle L Gleim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cassaundra L Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Solomon Jauro
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime A Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kara B Kracinovsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Jake Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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8
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Jaeger AS, Marano J, Riemersma KK, Castaneda D, Pritchard EM, Pritchard JC, Bohm EK, Baczenas JJ, O'Connor SL, Weger-Lucarelli J, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT. Gain without pain: adaptation and increased virulence of Zika virus in vertebrate host without fitness cost in mosquito vector. J Virol 2023; 97:e0116223. [PMID: 37800949 PMCID: PMC10653995 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01162-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previously, we modeled direct transmission chains of Zika virus (ZIKV) by serially passaging ZIKV in mice and mosquitoes and found that direct mouse transmission chains selected for viruses with increased virulence in mice and the acquisition of non-synonymous amino acid substitutions. Here, we show that these same mouse-passaged viruses also maintain fitness and transmission capacity in mosquitoes. We used infectious clone-derived viruses to demonstrate that the substitution in nonstructural protein 4A contributes to increased virulence in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Jaeger
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey Marano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kasen K. Riemersma
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Castaneda
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elise M. Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia C. Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ellie K. Bohm
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - John J. Baczenas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shelby L. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Larson EC, Ellis-Connell AL, Rodgers MA, Gubernat AK, Gleim JL, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Ameel CL, Jauro S, Tomko JA, Kracinovsky KB, Maiello P, Borish HJ, White AG, Klein E, Bucsan AN, Darrah PA, Seder RA, Roederer M, Lin PL, Flynn JL, O'Connor SL, Scanga CA. Vaccination with intravenous BCG protects macaques with pre-existing SIV infection from tuberculosis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2802306. [PMID: 37090620 PMCID: PMC10120779 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2802306/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death in people living with HIV. BCG delivered intradermally (ID) is the only licensed vaccine to prevent TB. However, it offers little protection from pulmonary TB in adults. Intravenous (IV) BCG, but not ID BCG, confers striking protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and disease in rhesus macaques. We investigated whether IV BCG could protect against TB in macaques with a pre-existing SIV infection. There was a robust influx of airway T cells following IV BCG in both SIV-infected and SIV-naïve animals, with elevated antibody titers in plasma and airways. Following Mtb challenge, all 7 SIV-naïve and 9 out of 12 SIV-infected vaccinated animals were completely protected, without any culturable bacilli in their tissues. PBMC responses post-challenge indicated early clearance of Mtb in vaccinated animals regardless of SIV infection. These data support that IV BCG is immunogenic and efficacious in SIV-infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy L Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abigail K Gubernat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janelle L Gleim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cassaundra L Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Solomon Jauro
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime A Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kara B Kracinovsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Jake Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Harwood OE, Matschke LM, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Weaver AJ, Ellis-Connell AL, Weiler AM, Winchester LC, Fletcher CV, Friedrich TC, Keele BF, O'Connor DH, Lang JD, Reynolds MR, O'Connor SL. CD8+ cells and small viral reservoirs facilitate post-ART control of SIV in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.01.530655. [PMID: 36909458 PMCID: PMC10002716 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable HIV remission after antiretroviral therapy (ART) withdrawal, or post-treatment control (PTC), remains a top priority for HIV treatment. We observed surprising PTC in an MHC-haplomatched cohort of MHC-M3+ SIVmac239+ Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs) initiated on ART at two weeks post-infection (wpi). For six months after ART withdrawal, we observed undetectable or transient viremia in seven of eight MCMs. In vivo depletion of CD8α+ cells induced rebound in all animals, indicating the PTC was mediated, at least in part, by CD8α+ cells. We found that MCMs had smaller acute viral reservoirs than a cohort of identically infected rhesus macaques, a population that rarely develops PTC. The mechanisms by which unusually small viral reservoirs and CD8α+ cell-mediated virus suppression enable PTC can be investigated using this MHC-haplomatched MCM model. Further, defining the immunologic mechanisms that engender PTC in this model may identify therapeutic targets for inducing durable HIV remission in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E Harwood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Lea M Matschke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Abigail J Weaver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Amy L Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
| | - Lee C Winchester
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | | | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
| | - Jessica D Lang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Matthew R Reynolds
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
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11
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Ramuta MD, Newman CM, Brakefield SF, Stauss MR, Wiseman RW, Kita-Yarbro A, O'Connor EJ, Dahal N, Lim A, Poulsen KP, Safdar N, Marx JA, Accola MA, Rehrauer WM, Zimmer JA, Khubbar M, Beversdorf LJ, Boehm EC, Castañeda D, Rushford C, Gregory DA, Yao JD, Bhattacharyya S, Johnson MC, Aliota MT, Friedrich TC, O'Connor DH, O'Connor SL. SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens are detected in continuous air samples from congregate settings. medRxiv 2022. [PMID: 35378751 PMCID: PMC8978944 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.29.22272716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two years after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there is still a need for better ways to assess the risk of transmission in congregate spaces. We deployed active air samplers to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in real-world settings across communities in the Upper Midwestern states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Over 29 weeks, we collected 527 air samples from 15 congregate settings and detected 106 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in air collected from daily and weekly sampling intervals. We expanded the utility of air surveillance to test for 40 other respiratory pathogens. Surveillance data revealed differences in timing and location of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus detection in the community. In addition, we obtained SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from air samples to identify variant lineages. Collectively, this shows air surveillance is a scalable, cost-effective, and high throughput alternative to individual testing for detecting respiratory pathogens in congregate settings.
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12
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Newman CM, Ramuta MD, McLaughlin MT, Wiseman RW, Karl JA, Dudley DM, Stauss MR, Maddox RJ, Weiler AM, Bliss MI, Fauser KN, Haddock LA, Shortreed CG, Haj AK, Accola MA, Heffron AS, Bussan HE, Reynolds MR, Harwood OE, Moriarty RV, Stewart LM, Crooks CM, Prall TM, Neumann EK, Somsen ED, Burmeister CB, Hall KL, Rehrauer WM, Friedrich TC, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. Initial Evaluation of a Mobile SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP Testing Strategy. J Biomol Tech 2021; 32:137-147. [PMID: 35035293 PMCID: PMC8730517 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.21-32-03-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) control in the United States remains hampered, in part, by testing limitations. We evaluated a simple, outdoor, mobile, colorimetric reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay workflow where self-collected saliva is tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. From July 16, 2020, to November 19, 2020, surveillance samples (n = 4704) were collected from volunteers and tested for SARS-CoV-2 at 5 sites. Twenty-one samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-LAMP; 12 were confirmed positive by subsequent quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) testing, whereas 8 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and 1 could not be confirmed because the donor did not consent to further molecular testing. We estimated the false-negative rate of the RT-LAMP assay only from July 16, 2020, to September 17, 2020 by pooling residual heat-inactivated saliva that was unambiguously negative by RT-LAMP into groups of 6 or fewer and testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by qRT-PCR. We observed a 98.8% concordance between the RT-LAMP and qRT-PCR assays, with only 5 of 421 RT-LAMP-negative pools (2493 total samples) testing positive in the more-sensitive qRT-PCR assay. Overall, we demonstrate a rapid testing method that can be implemented outside the traditional laboratory setting by individuals with basic molecular biology skills and that can effectively identify asymptomatic individuals who would not typically meet the criteria for symptom-based testing modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Newman
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mitchell D Ramuta
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew T McLaughlin
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Karl
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dawn M Dudley
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Robert J Maddox
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mason I Bliss
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Luis A Haddock
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cecilia G Shortreed
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amelia K Haj
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Molly A Accola
- University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna S Heffron
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hailey E Bussan
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew R Reynolds
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Olivia E Harwood
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laurel M Stewart
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chelsea M Crooks
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Trent M Prall
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emma K Neumann
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Somsen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corrie B Burmeister
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristi L Hall
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William M Rehrauer
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
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13
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Larson EC, Ellis-Connell A, Rodgers MA, Balgeman AJ, Moriarty RV, Ameel CL, Baranowski TM, Tomko JA, Causgrove CM, Maiello P, O'Connor SL, Scanga CA. Pre-existing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Increases Expression of T Cell Markers Associated with Activation during Early Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection and Impairs TNF Responses in Granulomas. J Immunol 2021; 207:175-188. [PMID: 34145063 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death among people living with HIV. People living with HIV are more susceptible to contracting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and often have worsened TB disease. Understanding the immunologic defects caused by HIV and the consequences it has on M. tuberculosis coinfection is critical in combating this global health epidemic. We previously showed in a model of SIV and M. tuberculosis coinfection in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) that SIV/M. tuberculosis-coinfected MCM had rapidly progressive TB. We hypothesized that pre-existing SIV infection impairs early T cell responses to M. tuberculosis infection. We infected MCM with SIVmac239, followed by coinfection with M. tuberculosis Erdman 6 mo later. Although similar, TB progression was observed in both SIV+ and SIV-naive animals at 6 wk post-M. tuberculosis infection; longitudinal sampling of the blood (PBMC) and airways (bronchoalveolar lavage) revealed a significant reduction in circulating CD4+ T cells and an influx of CD8+ T cells in airways of SIV+ animals. At sites of M. tuberculosis infection (i.e., granulomas), SIV/M. tuberculosis-coinfected animals had a higher proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 and TIGIT. In addition, there were fewer TNF-producing CD4+ T cells in granulomas of SIV/M. tuberculosis-coinfected animals. Taken together, we show that concurrent SIV infection alters T cell phenotypes in granulomas during the early stages of TB disease. As it is critical to establish control of M. tuberculosis replication soon postinfection, these phenotypic changes may distinguish the immune dysfunction that arises from pre-existing SIV infection, which promotes TB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA;
| | - Amy Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Cassaundra L Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tonilynn M Baranowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jaime A Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chelsea M Causgrove
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI; and
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; .,Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
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15
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Moriarty RV, Fesser N, Sutton MS, Venturi V, Davenport MP, Schlub T, O'Connor SL. Validation of multiplex PCR sequencing assay of SIV. Virol J 2021; 18:21. [PMID: 33451356 PMCID: PMC7810186 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The generation of accurate and reproducible viral sequence data is necessary to understand the diversity present in populations of RNA viruses isolated from clinical samples. While various sequencing methods are available, they often require high quality templates and high viral titer to ensure reliable data. Methods We modified a multiplex PCR and sequencing approach to characterize populations of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolated from nonhuman primates. We chose this approach with the aim of reducing the number of required input templates while maintaining fidelity and sensitivity. We conducted replicate sequencing experiments using different numbers of quantified viral RNA (vRNA) or viral cDNA as input material. We performed assays with clonal SIVmac239 to detect false positives, and we mixed SIVmac239 and a variant with 24 point mutations (SIVmac239-24X) to measure variant detection sensitivity. Results We found that utilizing a starting material of quantified viral cDNA templates had a lower rate of false positives and increased reproducibility when compared to that of quantified vRNA templates. This study identifies the importance of rigorously validating deep sequencing methods and including replicate samples when using a new method to characterize low frequency variants in a population with a small number of templates. Conclusions Because the need to generate reproducible and accurate sequencing data from diverse viruses from low titer samples, we modified a multiplex PCR and sequencing approach to characterize SIV from populations from non-human primates. We found that increasing starting template numbers increased the reproducibility and decreased the number of false positives identified, and this was further seen when cDNA was used as a starting material. Ultimately, we highlight the importance of vigorously validating methods to prevent overinterpretation of low frequency variants in a sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan V Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Dr, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Nicolas Fesser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Dr, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Matthew S Sutton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Dr, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Vanessa Venturi
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy Schlub
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Dr, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
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16
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Moreno GK, Braun KM, Riemersma KK, Martin MA, Halfmann PJ, Crooks CM, Prall T, Baker D, Baczenas JJ, Heffron AS, Ramuta M, Khubbar M, Weiler AM, Accola MA, Rehrauer WM, O'Connor SL, Safdar N, Pepperell CS, Dasu T, Bhattacharyya S, Kawaoka Y, Koelle K, O'Connor DH, Friedrich TC. Revealing fine-scale spatiotemporal differences in SARS-CoV-2 introduction and spread. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5558. [PMID: 33144575 PMCID: PMC7609670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based public health approaches that minimize the introduction and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters are urgently needed in the United States and other countries struggling with expanding epidemics. Here we analyze 247 full-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences from two nearby communities in Wisconsin, USA, and find surprisingly distinct patterns of viral spread. Dane County had the 12th known introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, but this did not lead to descendant community spread. Instead, the Dane County outbreak was seeded by multiple later introductions, followed by limited community spread. In contrast, relatively few introductions in Milwaukee County led to extensive community spread. We present evidence for reduced viral spread in both counties following the statewide "Safer at Home" order, which went into effect 25 March 2020. Our results suggest patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission may vary substantially even in nearby communities. Understanding these local patterns will enable better targeting of public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage K Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katarina M Braun
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kasen K Riemersma
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael A Martin
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chelsea M Crooks
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Trent Prall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John J Baczenas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna S Heffron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mitchell Ramuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Manjeet Khubbar
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Molly A Accola
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- The William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William M Rehrauer
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- The William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caitlin S Pepperell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Trivikram Dasu
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katia Koelle
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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17
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Moreno GK, Braun KM, Riemersma KK, Martin MA, Halfmann PJ, Crooks CM, Prall T, Baker D, Baczenas JJ, Heffron AS, Ramuta M, Khubbar M, Weiler AM, Accola MA, Rehrauer WM, O'Connor SL, Safdar N, Pepperell CS, Dasu T, Bhattacharyya S, Kawaoka Y, Koelle K, O'Connor DH, Friedrich TC. Distinct patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in two nearby communities in Wisconsin, USA. medRxiv 2020:2020.07.09.20149104. [PMID: 32676620 PMCID: PMC7359545 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.09.20149104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-based public health approaches that minimize the introduction and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters are urgently needed in the United States and other countries struggling with expanding epidemics. Here we analyze 247 full-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences from two nearby communities in Wisconsin, USA, and find surprisingly distinct patterns of viral spread. Dane County had the 12th known introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, but this did not lead to descendant community spread. Instead, the Dane County outbreak was seeded by multiple later introductions, followed by limited community spread. In contrast, relatively few introductions in Milwaukee County led to extensive community spread. We present evidence for reduced viral spread in both counties, and limited viral transmission between counties, following the statewide Safer-at-Home public health order, which went into effect 25 March 2020. Our results suggest that early containment efforts suppressed the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within Wisconsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage K Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Katarina M Braun
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kasen K Riemersma
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Michael A Martin
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chelsea M Crooks
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Trent Prall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - David Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - John J Baczenas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Anna S Heffron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Ramuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Manjeet Khubbar
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Molly A Accola
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of 26 America and the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
| | - William M Rehrauer
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of 26 America and the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin School of 28 Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Caitlin S Pepperell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin School of 28 Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 30 Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Trivikram Dasu
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Sanjib Bhattacharyya
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Katia Koelle
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
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18
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Jaeger AS, Weiler AM, Moriarty RV, Rybarczyk S, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH, Seelig DM, Fritsch MK, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT. Spondweni virus causes fetal harm in Ifnar1 -/- mice and is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Virology 2020; 547:35-46. [PMID: 32560903 PMCID: PMC7246013 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Spondweni virus (SPONV) is the most closely related known flavivirus to Zika virus (ZIKV). Its pathogenic potential and vector specificity have not been well defined. SPONV has been found predominantly in Africa, but was recently detected in a pool of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in Haiti. Here we show that SPONV can cause significant fetal harm, including demise, comparable to ZIKV, in a mouse model of vertical transmission. Following maternal inoculation, we detected infectious SPONV in placentas and fetuses, along with significant fetal and placental histopathology, together suggesting vertical transmission. To test vector competence, we exposed Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to SPONV-infected bloodmeals. Aedes aegypti could efficiently transmit SPONV, whereas Culex quinquefasciatus could not. Our results suggest that SPONV has the same features that made ZIKV a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Jaeger
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Sierra Rybarczyk
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - David H O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Davis M Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States
| | - Michael K Fritsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Matthew T Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States.
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19
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Abreu CM, Veenhuis RT, Avalos CR, Graham S, Parrilla DR, Ferreira EA, Queen SE, Shirk EN, Bullock BT, Li M, Metcalf Pate KA, Beck SE, Mangus LM, Mankowski JL, Mac Gabhann F, O'Connor SL, Gama L, Clements JE. Myeloid and CD4 T Cells Comprise the Latent Reservoir in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed SIVmac251-Infected Macaques. mBio 2019; 10:e01659-19. [PMID: 31431552 PMCID: PMC6703426 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01659-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) eradication or long-term suppression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) requires an understanding of all viral reservoirs that could contribute to viral rebound after ART interruption. CD4 T cells (CD4s) are recognized as the predominant reservoir in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. However, macrophages are also infected by HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) during acute infection and may persist throughout ART, contributing to the size of the latent reservoir. We sought to determine whether tissue macrophages contribute to the SIVmac251 reservoir in suppressed macaques. Using cell-specific quantitative viral outgrowth assays (CD4-QVOA and MΦ-QVOA), we measured functional latent reservoirs in CD4s and macrophages in ART-suppressed SIVmac251-infected macaques. Spleen, lung, and brain in all suppressed animals contained latently infected macrophages, undetectable or low-level SIV RNA, and detectable SIV DNA. Silent viral genomes with potential for reactivation and viral spread were also identified in blood monocytes, although these cells might not be considered reservoirs due to their short life span. Additionally, virus produced in the MΦ-QVOA was capable of infecting healthy activated CD4s. Our results strongly suggest that functional latent reservoirs in CD4s and macrophages can contribute to viral rebound and reestablishment of productive infection after ART interruption. These findings should be considered in the design and implementation of future HIV cure strategies.IMPORTANCE This study provides further evidence that the latent reservoir is comprised of both CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells. The data presented here suggest that CD4+ T cells and macrophages found throughout tissues in the body can contain replication-competent SIV and contribute to rebound of the virus after treatment interruption. Additionally, we have shown that monocytes in blood contain latent virus and, though not considered a reservoir themselves due to their short life span, could contribute to the size of the latent reservoir upon entering the tissue and differentiating into long-lived macrophages. These new insights into the size and location of the SIV reservoir using a model that is heavily studied in the HIV field could have great implications for HIV-infected individuals and should be taken into consideration with the development of future HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina M Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca T Veenhuis
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia R Avalos
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelby Graham
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daymond R Parrilla
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edna A Ferreira
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Suzanne E Queen
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin N Shirk
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon T Bullock
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly A Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa M Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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20
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Sutton MS, Ellis-Connell A, Balgeman AJ, Barry G, Weiler AM, Hetzel SJ, Zhou Y, Lau-Kilby AW, Mason RD, Biris KK, Mascola JR, Sullivan NJ, Roederer M, Friedrich TC, O'Connor SL. CD8β Depletion Does Not Prevent Control of Viral Replication or Protection from Challenge in Macaques Chronically Infected with a Live Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. J Virol 2019; 93:e00537-19. [PMID: 31092584 PMCID: PMC6639280 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00537-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the contribution of CD8αβ+ T cells to control of live-attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (LASIV) replication during chronic infection and subsequent protection from pathogenic SIV challenge. Unlike previous reports with a CD8α-specific depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb), the CD8β-specific mAb CD8β255R1 selectively depleted CD8αβ+ T cells without also depleting non-CD8+ T cell populations that express CD8α, such as natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells. Following infusion with CD8β255R1, plasma viremia transiently increased coincident with declining peripheral CD8αβ+ T cells. Interestingly, plasma viremia returned to predepletion levels even when peripheral CD8αβ+ T cells did not. Although depletion of CD8αβ+ T cells in the lymph node (LN) was incomplete, frequencies of these cells were 3-fold lower (P = 0.006) in animals that received CD8β255R1 than in those that received control IgG. It is possible that these residual SIV-specific CD8αβ+ T cells may have contributed to suppression of viremia during chronic infection. We also determined whether infusion of CD8β255R1 in the LASIV-vaccinated animals increased their susceptibility to infection following intravenous challenge with pathogenic SIVmac239. We found that 7/8 animals infused with CD8β255R1, and 3/4 animals infused with the control IgG, were resistant to SIVmac239 infection. These results suggest that infusion with CD8β255R1 did not eliminate the protection afforded to LASIV vaccination. This provides a comprehensive description of the impact of CD8β255R1 infusion on the immunological composition in cynomolgus macaques, compared to an isotype-matched control IgG, while showing that the control of LASIV viremia and protection from challenge can occur even after CD8β255R1 administration.IMPORTANCE Studies of SIV-infected macaques that deplete CD8+ T cells in vivo with monoclonal antibodies have provided compelling evidence for their direct antiviral role. These studies utilized CD8α-specific mAbs that target both the major (CD8αβ+) and minor (CD8αα+) populations of CD8+ T cells but additionally deplete non-CD8+ T cell populations that express CD8α, such as NK cells and γδ T cells. In the current study, we administered the CD8β-specific depleting mAb CD8β255R1 to cynomolgus macaques chronically infected with a LASIV to selectively deplete CD8αβ+ T cells without removing CD8αα+ lymphocytes. We evaluated the impact on control of virus replication and protection from pathogenic SIVmac239 challenge. These results underscore the utility of CD8β255R1 for studying the direct contribution of CD8αβ+ T cells in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Sutton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amy Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gabrielle Barry
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott J Hetzel
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Annie W Lau-Kilby
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosemarie D Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin K Biris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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21
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Grant NL, Balgeman AJ, Ellis AL, O'Connor SL, Scanga CA, Flynn JL. Epitope mapping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins using a non-human primate model of infection. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.177.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent worldwide. Many studies have focused on the necessity of T cells in combating tuberculosis, particularly at the primary site of infection in the lungs, the granuloma. In spite of their importance in TB disease, very low frequencies of T cells in the granuloma produce cytokine. Our objective is to determine the number and function of Mtb specific T cells in tissues and the periphery using tetramers. We have developed non-human primate (NHP) models of Mtb infection which recapitulate human infection, however, both humans and many NHPs have high MHC variability making studies aimed at understanding the role of specific T cells at the site of infection difficult. For this study, we used a Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (MCM) model, due to their limited MHC variability, to map epitopes of Mtb proteins Rv1196 and Rv0125. Using homozygous animals we found that both proteins elicit peak peripheral IFNγ responses early post infection. We mapped epitopes using pooled or individual peptides in IFNγ Elispots and determined the peak binding regions. We tested allele restriction using RM3 cells expressing major M1 alleles. These data can be used to design tetramers which are vital in determining the number and functionality of antigen specific T cells in the periphery, LN, and lung granulomas of infected MCMs. Understanding the number and function of these Mtb specific T cells following infection will provide a deeper understanding of the role T cells play in pathology and bacterial containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Grant
- 1University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
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22
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Ellis-Connell AL, Kannal NM, Balgeman AJ, O'Connor SL. Characterization of major histocompatibility complex-related molecule 1 sequence variants in non-human primates. Immunogenetics 2018; 71:109-121. [PMID: 30353260 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related molecule, MR1, presents vitamin B metabolites from bacteria and yeast to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Despite the evolutionary conservation of MR1, we do not know whether different allele variants of MR1 exist within the nonhuman primate (NHP) populations that are commonly used for biomedical research. In this study, we identified 21 distinct MR1 nucleotide sequences representing 32 different alleles across five different NHP populations. The majority of the alleles conferring amino acid changes (allele variants) were found in or near the alpha-1 domain of the mature MR1 protein. We expressed four of the most commonly observed MR1 allele variants in 293T cells, and we found that each variant could present bacterial metabolites on the cell surface. We successfully induced cytokine production in macaque MAIT cells stimulated with 293T cells expressing the four most common MR1 allele variants, demonstrating the usefulness of these cell lines to study MAIT cell activity. Our data suggests that MR1 is not monomorphic, but that there are multiple MR1 alleles in NHPs. The materials we describe here will be valuable for characterizing differences in MR1 antigen presentation and MAIT cell function in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Nadean M Kannal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA. .,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
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23
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Weger-Lucarelli J, Garcia SM, Rückert C, Byas A, O'Connor SL, Aliota MT, Friedrich TC, O'Connor DH, Ebel GD. Using barcoded Zika virus to assess virus population structure in vitro and in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Virology 2018; 521:138-148. [PMID: 29935423 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV, Flaviviridae; Flavivirus) must replicate in both mammalian and insect hosts possessing strong immune defenses. Accordingly, transmission between and replication within hosts involves genetic bottlenecks, during which viral population size and genetic diversity may be significantly reduced. To help quantify these bottlenecks and their effects, we constructed 4 "barcoded" ZIKV populations that theoretically contain thousands of barcodes each. After identifying the most diverse barcoded virus, we passaged this virus 3 times in 2 mammalian and mosquito cell lines and characterized the population using deep sequencing of the barcoded region of the genome. C6/36 maintain higher barcode diversity, even after 3 passages, than Vero. Additionally, field-caught mosquitoes exposed to the virus to assess bottlenecks in a natural host. A progressive reduction in barcode diversity occurred throughout systemic infection of these mosquitoes. Differences in bottlenecks during systemic spread were observed between different populations of Aedes aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Weger-Lucarelli
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
| | - Selene M Garcia
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Claudia Rückert
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Alex Byas
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew T Aliota
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
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24
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Dudley DM, Newman CM, Lalli J, Stewart LM, Koenig MR, Weiler AM, Semler MR, Barry GL, Zarbock KR, Mohns MS, Breitbach ME, Schultz-Darken N, Peterson E, Newton W, Mohr EL, Capuano Iii S, Osorio JE, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT. Infection via mosquito bite alters Zika virus tissue tropism and replication kinetics in rhesus macaques. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2096. [PMID: 29235456 PMCID: PMC5727388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse and nonhuman primate models now serve as useful platforms to study Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis, candidate therapies, and vaccines, but they rely on needle inoculation of virus: the effects of mosquito-borne infection on disease outcome have not been explored in these models. Here we show that infection via mosquito bite delays ZIKV replication to peak viral loads in rhesus macaques. Importantly, in mosquito-infected animals ZIKV tissue distribution was limited to hemolymphatic tissues, female reproductive tract tissues, kidney, and liver, potentially emulating key features of human ZIKV infections, most of which are characterized by mild or asymptomatic disease. Furthermore, deep sequencing analysis reveals that ZIKV populations in mosquito-infected monkeys show greater sequence heterogeneity and lower overall diversity than in needle-inoculated animals. This newly developed system will be valuable for studying ZIKV disease because it more closely mimics human infection by mosquito bite than needle-based inoculations. Vector saliva can affect infectivity and pathogenesis of vector-borne viruses, but this hasn’t been studied for Zika virus infection. Here, Dudley et al. show that mosquito-mediated Zika infection of macaques results in altered replication kinetics and greater sequence heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Christina M Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Joseph Lalli
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Laurel M Stewart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michelle R Koenig
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Matthew R Semler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Gabrielle L Barry
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Katie R Zarbock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mariel S Mohns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Meghan E Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Eric Peterson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Wendy Newton
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Emma L Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Saverio Capuano Iii
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Matthew T Aliota
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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25
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Dudley DM, Aliota MT, Mohr EL, Weiler AM, Lehrer-Brey G, Weisgrau KL, Mohns MS, Breitbach ME, Rasheed MN, Newman CM, Gellerup DD, Moncla LH, Post J, Schultz-Darken N, Schotzko ML, Hayes JM, Eudailey JA, Moody MA, Permar SR, O'Connor SL, Rakasz EG, Simmons HA, Capuano S, Golos TG, Osorio JE, Friedrich TC, O'Connor DH. A rhesus macaque model of Asian-lineage Zika virus infection. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12204. [PMID: 27352279 PMCID: PMC4931337 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Asian-lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome and fetal abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Animal models of infection are thus urgently needed. Here we show that rhesus macaques are susceptible to infection by an Asian-lineage ZIKV closely related to strains currently circulating in the Americas. Following subcutaneous inoculation, ZIKV RNA is detected in plasma 1 day post infection (d.p.i.) in all animals (N=8, including 2 pregnant animals), and is also present in saliva, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Non-pregnant and pregnant animals remain viremic for 21 days and for up to at least 57 days, respectively. Neutralizing antibodies are detected by 21 d.p.i. Rechallenge 10 weeks after the initial challenge results in no detectable virus replication, indicating protective immunity against homologous strains. Therefore, Asian-lineage ZIKV infection of rhesus macaques provides a relevant animal model for studying pathogenesis and evaluating potential interventions against human infection, including during pregnancy. Animal models of infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) are urgently needed for a better understanding of pathogenesis and for testing potential therapies. Here, the authors describe infection of rhesus macaques with an Asian-lineage ZIKV strain as a relevant animal model for studying ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Matthew T Aliota
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Emma L Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Gabrielle Lehrer-Brey
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Kim L Weisgrau
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Mariel S Mohns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Meghan E Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Mustafa N Rasheed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Christina M Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Dane D Gellerup
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Louise H Moncla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer Post
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Michele L Schotzko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Jennifer M Hayes
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Josh A Eudailey
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Eva G Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
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O'Connor SL, Gellerup D, Harris M, Becker E. CD8 T-cell Based HIV Vaccines - Is Targeting Conserved Epitopes the Answer? AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5226.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dane Gellerup
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Max Harris
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ericka Becker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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27
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Cain BT, Pham NH, Budde ML, Greene JM, Weinfurter JT, Scarlotta M, Harris M, Chin E, O'Connor SL, Friedrich TC, O'Connor DH. T cell response specificity and magnitude against SIVmac239 are not concordant in major histocompatibility complex-matched animals. Retrovirology 2013; 10:116. [PMID: 24156675 PMCID: PMC3874790 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD8+ T cell responses, restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, are critical to controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication. Previous studies have used MHC-matched siblings and monozygotic twins to evaluate genetic and stochastic influences on HIV-specific T cell responses and viral evolution. Here we used a genetically restricted population of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) to characterize T cell responses within nine pairs of MHC-matched animals. Findings In MHC-matched animals, there was considerable heterogeneity in the specificity and magnitude of T cell responses detected via individual peptide gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. These findings were further supported by full proteome pooled peptide matrix ELISPOT data collected from this cohort at 52 weeks post-infection. Interestingly, peptide regions that elicited dominant T cell responses were more commonly shared between MHC-matched MCM than peptide regions that elicited non-dominant T cell responses. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, while some T cell responses mounted during chronic infection by MHC-matched MCM are similar, the majority of responses are highly variable. Shared responses detected in this study between MHC-matched MCM were directed against epitopes that had previously elicited relatively dominant responses in MCM with the same MHC class I haplotype, suggesting that the factors that influence dominance may influence the reproducibility of responses as well. This may be an important consideration for future T cell-based vaccines aiming to consistently and reproducibly elicit protective T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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28
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Becker EA, Burns CM, León EJ, Rajabojan S, Friedman R, Friedrich TC, O'Connor SL, Hughes AL. Experimental analysis of sources of error in evolutionary studies based on Roche/454 pyrosequencing of viral genomes. Genome Biol Evol 2012; 4:457-65. [PMID: 22436995 PMCID: PMC3342875 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evs029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors affecting the reliability of Roche/454 pyrosequencing for analyzing sequence polymorphism in within-host viral populations were assessed by two experiments: 1) sequencing four clonal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) stocks and 2) sequencing mixtures in different proportions of two SIV strains with known fixed nucleotide differences. Observed nucleotide diversity and frequency of undetermined nucleotides were increased at sites in homopolymer runs of four or more identical nucleotides, particularly at AT sites. However, in the mixed-strain experiments, the effects on estimated nucleotide diversity of such errors were small in comparison to known strain differences. The results suggest that biologically meaningful variants present at a frequency of around 10% and possibly much lower are easily distinguished from artifacts of the sequencing process. Analysis of the clonal stocks revealed numerous rare variants that showed the signature of purifying selection and that elimination of variants at frequencies of less than 1% reduced estimates of nucleotide diversity by about an order of magnitude. Thus, using a 1% frequency cutoff for accepting a variant as real represents a conservative standard, which may be useful in studies that are focused on the discovery of specific mutations (such as those conferring immune escape or drug resistance). On the other hand, if the goal is to estimate nucleotide diversity, an optimal strategy might be to include all observed variants (even those at less than 1% frequency), while masking out homopolymer runs of four or more nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka A. Becker
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin
| | - Charles M. Burns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin
| | - Enrique J. León
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin
| | | | - Robert Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin
| | - Shelby L. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin
| | - Austin L. Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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29
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O'Connor SL, Lhost JJ, Becker EA, Detmer AM, Johnson RC, Macnair CE, Wiseman RW, Karl JA, Greene JM, Burwitz BJ, Bimber BN, Lank SM, Tuscher JJ, Mee ET, Rose NJ, Desrosiers RC, Hughes AL, Friedrich TC, Carrington M, O'Connor DH. MHC heterozygote advantage in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected Mauritian cynomolgus macaques. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:22ra18. [PMID: 20375000 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of a broad CD8 T lymphocyte (CD8-TL) immune response to HIV is unknown. Ex vivo measurements of immunological activity directed at a limited number of defined epitopes provide an incomplete portrait of the actual immune response. We examined viral loads in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-homozygous and MHC-heterozygous Mauritian cynomolgus macaques. Chronic viremia in MHC-homozygous macaques was 80 times that in MHC-heterozygous macaques. Virus from MHC-homozygous macaques accumulated 11 to 14 variants, consistent with escape from CD8-TL responses after 1 year of SIV infection. The pattern of mutations detected in MHC-heterozygous macaques suggests that their epitope-specific CD8-TL responses are a composite of those present in their MHC-homozygous counterparts. These results provide the clearest example of MHC heterozygote advantage among individuals infected with the same immunodeficiency virus strain, suggesting that broad recognition of multiple CD8-TL epitopes should be a key feature of HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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30
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Greene JM, Lhost JJ, Burwitz BJ, Budde ML, Macnair CE, Weiker MK, Gostick E, Friedrich TC, Broman KW, Price DA, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. Extralymphoid CD8+ T cells resident in tissue from simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239{Delta}nef-vaccinated macaques suppress SIVmac239 replication ex vivo. J Virol 2010; 84:3362-72. [PMID: 20089651 PMCID: PMC2838091 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02028-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated vaccination with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVmac239Deltanef is the most successful vaccine product tested to date in macaques. However, the mechanisms that explain the efficacy of this vaccine remain largely unknown. We utilized an ex vivo viral suppression assay to assess the quality of the immune response in SIVmac239Deltanef-immunized animals. Using major histocompatibility complex-matched Mauritian cynomolgus macaques, we did not detect SIV-specific functional immune responses in the blood by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot assay at select time points; however, we found that lung CD8(+) T cells, unlike blood CD8(+) T cells, effectively suppress virus replication by up to 80%. These results suggest that SIVmac239Deltanef may be an effective vaccine because it elicits functional immunity at mucosal sites. Moreover, these results underscore the limitations of relying on immunological measurements from peripheral blood lymphocytes in studies of protective immunity to HIV/SIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J. Lhost
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J. Burwitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Melisa L. Budde
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin E. Macnair
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Madelyn K. Weiker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Gostick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Karl W. Broman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Price
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Shelby L. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - David H. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin 53715, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
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Greene JM, Lhost JJ, Burwitz BJ, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. P16-46. CD8+ T cells from nonlymphoid tissues exhibit superior control of SIV replication. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767776 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Burwitz BJ, Pendley CJ, Greene JM, Detmer AM, Lhost JJ, Karl JA, Piaskowski SM, Rudersdorf RA, Wallace LT, Bimber BN, Loffredo JT, Cox DG, Bardet W, Hildebrand W, Wiseman RW, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. Mauritian cynomolgus macaques share two exceptionally common major histocompatibility complex class I alleles that restrict simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T cells. J Virol 2009; 83:6011-9. [PMID: 19339351 PMCID: PMC2687399 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00199-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines that elicit CD8(+) T-cell responses are routinely tested for immunogenicity in nonhuman primates before advancement to clinical trials. Unfortunately, the magnitude and specificity of vaccine-elicited T-cell responses are variable in currently utilized nonhuman primate populations, owing to heterogeneity in major histocompatibility (MHC) class I genetics. We recently showed that Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) have unusually simple MHC genetics, with three common haplotypes encoding a shared pair of MHC class IA alleles, Mafa-A*25 and Mafa-A*29. Based on haplotype frequency, we hypothesized that CD8(+) T-cell responses restricted by these MHC class I alleles would be detected in nearly all MCM. We examine here the frequency and functionality of these two alleles, showing that 88% of MCM express Mafa-A*25 and Mafa-A*29 and that animals carrying these alleles mount three newly defined simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. The epitopes recognized by each of these responses accumulated substitutions consistent with immunologic escape, suggesting these responses exert antiviral selective pressure. The demonstration that Mafa-A*25 and Mafa-A*29 restrict CD8(+) T-cell responses that are shared among nearly all MCM indicates that these animals are an advantageous nonhuman primate model for comparing the immunogenicity of vaccines that elicit CD8(+) T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Burwitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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33
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Markovina S, Callander NS, O'Connor SL, Kim J, Werndli JE, Raschko M, Leith CP, Kahl BS, Kim K, Miyamoto S. Bortezomib-resistant nuclear factor-kappaB activity in multiple myeloma cells. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:1356-64. [PMID: 18708367 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib (Velcade/PS341), a proteasome inhibitor used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), can inhibit activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a family of transcription factors often deregulated and constitutively activated in primary MM cells. NF-kappaB can be activated via several distinct mechanisms, including the proteasome inhibitor-resistant (PIR) pathway. It remains unknown what fraction of primary MM cells harbor constitutive NF-kappaB activity maintained by proteasome-dependent mechanisms. Here, we report an unexpected finding that constitutive NF-kappaB activity in 10 of 14 primary MM samples analyzed is refractory to inhibition by bortezomib. Moreover, when MM cells were cocultured with MM patient-derived bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), microenvironment components critical for MM growth and survival, further increases in NF-kappaB activity were observed that were also refractory to bortezomib. Similarly, MM-BMSCs caused PIR NF-kappaB activation in the RPMI8226 MM cell line, leading to increased NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and resistance to bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Our findings show that primary MM cells frequently harbor PIR NF-kappaB activity that is further enhanced by the presence of patient-derived BMSCs. They also suggest that this activity is likely relevant to the drug resistance development in some patients. Further elucidation of the mechanism of PIR NF-kappaB regulation could lead to the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for MM treatment.
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34
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Greene JM, Burwitz BJ, Blasky AJ, Mattila TL, Hong JJ, Rakasz EG, Wiseman RW, Hasenkrug KJ, Skinner PJ, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. Allogeneic lymphocytes persist and traffic in feral MHC-matched mauritian cynomolgus macaques. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2384. [PMID: 18545705 PMCID: PMC2408966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thus far, live attenuated SIV has been the most successful method for vaccinating macaques against pathogenic SIV challenge; however, it is not clear what mechanisms are responsible for this protection. Adoptive transfer studies in mice have been integral to understanding live attenuated vaccine protection in models like Friend virus. Previous adoptive transfers in primates have failed as transferred cells are typically cleared within hours after transfer. Methodology/ Principal Findings Here we describe adoptive transfer studies in Mauritian origin cynomolgus macaques (MCM), a non-human primate model with limited MHC diversity. Cells transferred between unrelated MHC-matched macaques persist for at least fourteen days but are rejected within 36 hours in MHC-mismatched macaques. Cells trafficked from the blood to peripheral lymphoid tissues within 12 hours of transfer. Conclusions/Significance MHC-matched MCM provide the first viable primate model for adoptive transfer studies. Because macaques infected with SIV are the best model for HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, we can now directly study the correlates of protective immune responses to AIDS viruses. For example, plasma viral loads following pathogenic SIV challenge are reduced by several orders of magnitude in macaques previously immunized with attenuated SIV. Adoptive transfer of lymphocyte subpopulations from vaccinated donors into SIV-naïve animals may define the immune mechanisms responsible for protection and guide future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Burwitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alex J. Blasky
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Teresa L. Mattila
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Roger W. Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kim J. Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Skinner
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shelby L. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David H. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Pendley CJ, Becker EA, Karl JA, Blasky AJ, Wiseman RW, Hughes AL, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. MHC class I characterization of Indonesian cynomolgus macaques. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:339-51. [PMID: 18504574 PMCID: PMC2612123 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are quickly becoming a useful model for infectious disease and transplantation research. Even though cynomolgus macaques from different geographic regions are used for these studies, there has been limited characterization of full-length major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenetics of distinct geographic populations. Here, we identified 48 MHC class I cDNA nucleotide sequences in eleven Indonesian cynomolgus macaques, including 41 novel Mafa-A and Mafa-B sequences. We found seven MHC class I sequences in Indonesian macaques that were identical to MHC class I sequences identified in Malaysian or Mauritian macaques. Sharing of nucleotide sequences between these geographically distinct populations is also consistent with the hypothesis that Indonesia was a source of the Mauritian macaque population. In addition, we found that the Indonesian cDNA sequence Mafa-B*7601 is identical throughout its peptide binding domain to Mamu-B*03, an allele that has been associated with control of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) viremia in Indian rhesus macaques. Overall, a better understanding of the MHC class I alleles present in Indonesian cynomolgus macaques improves their value as a model for disease research, and it better defines the biogeography of cynomolgus macaques throughout Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Pendley
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Wojcechowskyj JA, Yant LJ, Wiseman RW, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. Control of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 is not predicted by inheritance of Mamu-B*17-containing haplotypes. J Virol 2006; 81:406-10. [PMID: 17079280 PMCID: PMC1797263 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01636-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that host genetics, especially major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, are important determinants of human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. Studies with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected Indian rhesus macaques have associated Mamu-B*17 with control of virus replication. Using microsatellite haplotyping of the 5-Mb MHC region, we compared disease progression among SIVmac239-infected Indian rhesus macaques that possess Mamu-B*17-containing MHC haplotypes that are identical by descent. We discovered that SIV-infected animals possessing identical Mamu-B*17-containing haplotypes had widely divergent disease courses. Our results demonstrate that the inheritance of a particular Mamu-B*17-containing haplotype is not sufficient to predict SIV disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Wojcechowskyj
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Dr., Madison, WI 53711, USA
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Wiseman RW, Wojcechowskyj JA, Greene JM, Blasky AJ, Gopon T, Soma T, Friedrich TC, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. Simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 infection of major histocompatibility complex-identical cynomolgus macaques from Mauritius. J Virol 2006; 81:349-61. [PMID: 17035320 PMCID: PMC1797269 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01841-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are widely used to study correlates of protective immunity in AIDS research. Successful cellular immune responses have been difficult to identify because heterogeneity within macaque major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes results in quantitative and qualitative differences in immune responses. Here we use microsatellite analysis to show that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-susceptible cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius have extremely simple MHC genetics, with six common haplotypes accounting for two-thirds of the MHC haplotypes in feral animals. Remarkably, 39% of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques carry at least one complete copy of the most frequent MHC haplotype, and 8% of these animals are homozygous. In stark contrast, entire MHC haplotypes are rarely conserved in unrelated Indian rhesus macaques. After intrarectal infection with highly pathogenic SIVmac239 virus, a pair of MHC-identical Mauritian cynomolgus macaques mounted concordant cellular immune responses comparable to those previously reported for a pair of monozygotic twins infected with the same strain of human immunodeficiency virus. Our identification of relatively abundant SIV-susceptible, MHC-identical macaques will facilitate research into protective cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Lai R, McDonnell TJ, O'Connor SL, Medeiros LJ, Oudat R, Keating M, Morgan MB, Curiel TJ, Ford RJ. Establishment and characterization of a new mantle cell lymphoma cell line, Mino. Leuk Res 2002; 26:849-55. [PMID: 12127561 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(02)00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by cyclin D1 overexpression and the cytogenetic abnormality, the t(11;14)(q13;q32). MCL cell lines have been difficult to establish and in vitro studies of these neoplasms are scarce. We describe the establishment and characteristics of a new MCL cell line, Mino. The cells are large, growing singly and in small clumps in vitro. By flow cytometry, the immunophenotype was compatible with MCL (i.e. CD5+CD20+CD23-FMC7+). Conventional cytogenetics showed hyperdiploidy with multiple complex karyotypic abnormalities, but no evidence of the t(11;14), proven to be present only by fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Western blots showed expression of cyclin D1 but no detectable cyclin D2 and cyclin D3; the retinoblastoma protein was predominantly phosphorylated. There was expression of tumor suppressor gene products including p53, p16(INK4a), and p21(WAF1). Sequencing of the TP53 gene revealed a mutation (codon 147(valine-->glycine)) in exon 5. Epstein Barr virus was absent. In summary, Mino is a new MCL cell line that may be useful to study the pathogenesis of MCL.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Aneuploidy
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Cycle Proteins/analysis
- Cell Size
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Codon/genetics
- Cyclins/analysis
- Exons/genetics
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Genes, p53
- Herpesvirus 4, Human
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Point Mutation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/chemistry
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lai
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 72, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Bender B, Wamboldt FS, O'Connor SL, Rand C, Szefler S, Milgrom H, Wamboldt MZ. Measurement of children's asthma medication adherence by self report, mother report, canister weight, and Doser CT. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000; 85:416-21. [PMID: 11101187 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of medication adherence has been difficult to achieve but is essential to drug evaluation in clinical trials and improved outcomes in clinical care. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to compare four adherence assessment methods: child report, mother report, canister weight, and electronic measurements of metered dose inhaler (MDI) actuation. METHODS Participants included 27 children with mild-to-moderate asthma who were followed prospectively for 6 months. All patients used an MDI equipped with an electronic Doser attached to their inhaled steroid. At each 2-month follow-up visit, Doser and canister weight data were recorded, while child and mother were interviewed separately regarding medication use. RESULTS Children and mothers reported, on average, over 80% adherence with the prescribed inhaled steroid. Canister weight revealed, on average, adherence of 69%, significantly lower than self-report. When adherence recorded by the electronic Doser was truncated to no more than 100% of prescribed daily use, average adherence was 50%. Older children and adolescents, nonwhite children, and those from poorer functioning families were least adherent. CONCLUSIONS Electronic adherence monitoring was significantly more accurate than self-report or canister weight measures. Such accuracy is an essential prerequisite to increasing understanding of the treatment, setting, and patient factors that influence adherence, and to the consequent design of effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bender
- National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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Wamboldt FS, O'Connor SL, Wamboldt MZ, Gavin LA, Klinnert MD. The five minute speech sample in children with asthma: deconstructing the construct of expressed emotion. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2000; 41:887-98. [PMID: 11079431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) to assess Expressed Emotion (EE) in various samples of children with asthma in order to clarify (1) developmental and validity issues for the EE construct and (2) the use of the FMSS technique, specifically, in children with chronic medical illness. METHOD Data were collected on a sample of 84 adolescents with severe, chronic asthma who had failed outpatient management. In addition, a sample of 30 children with asthma, ages 6-9. were recruited from an outpatient pediatric clinic. A comparison sample of 15 children without any chronic illness, ages 6 9, were recruited by notices posted in the community. The primary caregiver of each child was assessed using the FMSS. RESULTS FMSS interviews were reliability coded in all samples. Rates of high Criticism (FMSS CRIT), Emotional Overinvolvement (FMSS EOI), and EE were comparable to rates previously reported in child and adolescent samples. Although the validity for ratings of FMSS CRIT was well supported, the validity of FMSS EOI ratings and the overall EE construct were more problematic. CONCLUSIONS The FMSS is a useful and largely valid measure in children with asthma. Ratings of FMSS CRIT were found to have strong validity. There was little problem shifting the context of FMSS administration from chronic mental to chronic medical illness, but a variety of developmental considerations arose, especially regarding FMSS EOI ratings. Although we raise concerns about viewing EE as a valid construct, it may remain a useful predictive index.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Wamboldt
- National Jewish Medical and Research Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80206, USA.
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Allen-Hoffmann BL, Schlosser SJ, Ivarie CA, Sattler CA, Meisner LF, O'Connor SL. Normal growth and differentiation in a spontaneously immortalized near-diploid human keratinocyte cell line, NIKS. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114:444-55. [PMID: 10692102 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation and characterization of a spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, NIKS. The cell line is not tumorigenic in athymic nude mice and maintains cell-type-specific requirements for growth in vitro. NIKS cells express steady-state levels of transforming growth factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta1, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-myc, and keratin 14 mRNAs comparable with the parental BC-1-Ep keratinocyte strain. BC-1-Ep and NIKS keratinocytes produce similar levels of cornified envelopes and nucleosomal fragmentation in response to loss of substrata attachment. DNA fingerprinting results confirm that the NIKS cells originated from the parental BC-1-Ep keratinocytes. NIKS cells contain 47 chromosomes due to an extra isochromosome of the long arm of chromosome 8, and the near-diploid karyotype appears to be stable with repeated passage. A fully stratified squamous epithelium is formed by the NIKS keratinocytes in organotypic culture. Ultrastructural analysis of both the parental and immortalized keratinocytes reveals abundant desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and the production of a basal lamina. Our findings with the NIKS cells support the observation that spontaneous immortalization is not linked to alterations in squamous differentiation or the ability to undergo apoptosis. The NIKS human keratinocyte cell line is an important new tool for the study of growth and differentiation in stratified squamous epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Allen-Hoffmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53706, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Model MC-311 MDI Chronolog (Medtrac Technologies, Lakewood, Colo) is an electronic device for monitoring adherence to metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). It is a thermistor-actuated, microprocessor-equipped device that dispenses inhaled medication while recording the date and time of each canister activation. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the reliability of the MC-311 MDI Chronolog to determine whether the model could accurately record and report the date, time, and number of MDI actuations. METHODS Twenty-four of the MC-311 Chronologs were discharged at 8 hourly intervals across 8 days. Battery voltage was assessed before and after the experiment. The mouthpieces of 12 Chronologs were washed daily. RESULTS By using generous criteria for acceptable reliability, only 10 of 24 (42%) were rated as acceptable. None of these 10 Chronologs recorded 320 or greater actuations (mean +/- SD, 293.9 +/- 13.3; range, 266 to 308); all reliable Chronologs underestimated MDI activation. An additional 6 devices had an initial signature of erroneous recordings dating from device initialization. After removing this signature, the remaining data showed acceptable reliability. All the remaining Chronologs judged to be unacceptable showed time series patterns of seizures (ie, bursts of clustered, erroneous records). Seizures were distributed across trial days, were associated with washing, and preceded all 4 cases of battery failure. Damage to the thermistor is the likely cause of seizure-pattern failures. CONCLUSIONS In summary, because of a combination of a clear underreporting bias with frequent initialization and seizure-pattern failures, the Model MC-311 MDI Chronolog is not recommended for use in clinical care or research
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Wamboldt
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO, USA
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