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Stanzione I, Pitocchi R, Pennacchio A, Cicatiello P, Piscitelli A, Giardina P. Innovative surface bio-functionalization by fungal hydrophobins and their engineered variants. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:959166. [PMID: 36032682 PMCID: PMC9403755 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.959166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on innovative surface functionalization strategies to develop materials with high added value is particularly challenging since this process is a crucial step in a wide range of fields (i.e., biomedical, biosensing, and food packaging). Up to now, the main applied derivatization methods require hazardous and poorly biocompatible reagents, harsh conditions of temperature and pressure, and are time consuming and cost effective. The discovery of biomolecules able to adhere by non-covalent bonds on several surfaces paves the way for their employment as a replacement of chemical processes. A simple, fast, and environment-friendly method of achieving modification of chemically inert surfaces is offered by hydrophobins, small amphiphilic proteins produced by filamentous fungi. Due to their structural characteristics, they form stable protein layers at interfaces, serving as anchoring points that can strongly bind molecules of interest. In addition, genetic engineering techniques allow the production of hydrophobins fused to a wide spectrum of relevant proteins, providing further benefits in term of time and ease of the process. In fact, it is possible to bio-functionalize materials by simply dip-casting, or by direct deposition, rendering them exploitable, for example, in the development of biomedical and biosensing platforms.
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2
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Aspergillus Hydrophobins: Physicochemical Properties, Biochemical Properties, and Functions in Solid Polymer Degradation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081498. [PMID: 35893556 PMCID: PMC9394342 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small amphipathic proteins conserved in filamentous fungi. In this review, the properties and functions of Aspergillus hydrophobins are comprehensively discussed on the basis of recent findings. Multiple Aspergillus hydrophobins have been identified and categorized in conventional class I and two non-conventional classes. Some Aspergillus hydrophobins can be purified in a water phase without organic solvents. Class I hydrophobins of Aspergilli self-assemble to form amphipathic membranes. At the air–liquid interface, RolA of Aspergillus oryzae self-assembles via four stages, and its self-assembled films consist of two layers, a rodlet membrane facing air and rod-like structures facing liquid. The self-assembly depends mainly on hydrophobin conformation and solution pH. Cys4–Cys5 and Cys7–Cys8 loops, disulfide bonds, and conserved Cys residues of RodA-like hydrophobins are necessary for self-assembly at the interface and for adsorption to solid surfaces. AfRodA helps Aspergillus fumigatus to evade recognition by the host immune system. RodA-like hydrophobins recruit cutinases to promote the hydrolysis of aliphatic polyesters. This mechanism appears to be conserved in Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi, and may be beneficial for their growth. Aspergilli produce various small secreted proteins (SSPs) including hydrophobins, hydrophobic surface–binding proteins, and effector proteins. Aspergilli may use a wide variety of SSPs to decompose solid polymers.
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3
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Barashkova AS, Ryazantsev DY, Rogozhin EA. Rational Design of Plant Hairpin-like Peptide EcAMP1: Structural-Functional Correlations to Reveal Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113554. [PMID: 35684491 PMCID: PMC9182383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant antimicrobial peptides from the α-hairpinins family (hairpin-like peptides) are known to possess a wide range of biological activities. However, less is known about the structural determinants of their antimicrobial activity. Here, we suggest that spatial structure as well as surface charge and hydrophobicity level contribute to the antimicrobial properties of α-hairpinin EcAMP1 from barnyard grass (Echinochloa cruss-galli) seeds. To examine the role of the peptide spatial structure, two truncated forms of EcAMP1 restricted by inner and outer cysteine pairs were synthesized. It was shown that both truncated forms of EcAMP1 lost their antibacterial activity. In addition, their antifungal activity became weaker. To review the contribution of surface charge and hydrophobicity, another two peptides were designed. One of them carried single amino acid substitution from tryptophan to alanine residue at the 20th position. The second one represented a truncated form of the native EcAMP1 lacking six C-terminal residues. But the α-helix was kept intact. It was shown that the antifungal activity of both modified peptides weakened. Thereby we can conclude that the secondary structural integrity, hydrophobic properties, and surface charge all play roles in the antimicrobial properties of α-hairpinins. In addition, the antibacterial activity of cereal α-hairpinins against Gram-positive bacteria was described for the first time. This study expands on the knowledge of structure–function interactions in antimicrobial α-hairpinins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Barashkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RAS), ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.B.); (D.Y.R.)
| | - Dmitry Y. Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RAS), ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.B.); (D.Y.R.)
| | - Eugene A. Rogozhin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RAS), ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.B.); (D.Y.R.)
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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4
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Jiang X, Gao F, Chen X, Yu Y, Ding G, Wu J. Ultrasensitive and High Reproducible Detection of Urinary Metabolites Using the Tip-Contact Extraction Method Coupled with Negative LDI-MS. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4022-4030. [PMID: 34279957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
More and more evidence has proved that urinary metabolites can instantly reflect disease state. Therefore, ultra-sensitive and reproducible detection of urinary metabolites in a high-throughput way is urgently desirable for clinical diagnosis. Matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) is a high-throughput platform for metabolites detection, but it is encountered by severe interference from numerous salts in urine samples, because the crystallized urine salt on dried samples could result in poor reproducibility in LDI-MS detection. The present work proposed a tip-contact extraction (TCE) technique to eliminate interference from the urine salt. Vertical silicon nanowire arrays decorated with the fluorinated ethylene propylene film (FEP@VSiNWs) could effectively extract metabolites from the urine sample dropping on its surface. High salt tolerance was observed in the subsequent LDI-MS detection of the metabolites extracted on the tip of FEP@VSiNWs even in the presence of 1 M urea. Stable and reproducible mass spectra for non-target metabolic analysis were obtained in real urine samples with different dilution folds. Urinary metabolites collected from bladder cancer (BC) patients were reliably profiled by the TCE method coupled with negative LDI-MS. Based on this platform, potential metabolic biomarkers that can distinguish BC patients and normal controls were uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Jiang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fengbin Gao
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.,Well-healthcare Technologies Co., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yanlan Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Guoqing Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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5
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Cole LM, Clench MR, Francese S. Sample Treatment for Tissue Proteomics in Cancer, Toxicology, and Forensics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1073:77-123. [PMID: 31236840 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12298-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the birth of proteomics science in the 1990, the number of applications and of sample preparation methods has grown exponentially, making a huge contribution to the knowledge in life science disciplines. Continuous improvements in the sample treatment strategies unlock and reveal the fine details of disease mechanisms, drug potency, and toxicity as well as enable new disciplines to be investigated such as forensic science.This chapter will cover the most recent developments in sample preparation strategies for tissue proteomics in three areas, namely, cancer, toxicology, and forensics, thus also demonstrating breath of application within the domain of health and well-being, pharmaceuticals, and secure societies.In particular, in the area of cancer (human tumor biomarkers), the most efficient and multi-informative proteomic strategies will be covered in relation to the subsequent application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA), due to their ability to provide molecular localization of tumor biomarkers albeit with different spatial resolution.With respect to toxicology, methodologies applied in toxicoproteomics will be illustrated with examples from its use in two important areas: the study of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and studies of effects of chemical and environmental insults on skin, i.e., the effects of irritants, sensitizers, and ionizing radiation. Within this chapter, mainly tissue proteomics sample preparation methods for LC-MS/MS analysis will be discussed as (i) the use of LC-MS/MS is majorly represented in the research efforts of the bioanalytical community in this area and (ii) LC-MS/MS still is the gold standard for quantification studies.Finally, the use of proteomics will also be discussed in forensic science with respect to the information that can be recovered from blood and fingerprint evidence which are commonly encountered at the scene of the crime. The application of proteomic strategies for the analysis of blood and fingerprints is novel and proteomic preparation methods will be reported in relation to the subsequent use of mass spectrometry without any hyphenation. While generally yielding more information, hyphenated methods are often more laborious and time-consuming; since forensic investigations need quick turnaround, without compromising validity of the information, the prospect to develop methods for the application of quick forensic mass spectrometry techniques such as MALDI-MS (in imaging or profiling mode) is of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Cole
- Biomolecular Science Research Centre, Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - M R Clench
- Biomolecular Science Research Centre, Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Francese
- Biomolecular Science Research Centre, Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
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6
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Cicatiello P, Ntasi G, Rossi M, Marino G, Giardina P, Birolo L. Minimally Invasive and Portable Method for the Identification of Proteins in Ancient Paintings. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10128-10133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cicatiello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy I-80126
| | - Georgia Ntasi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy I-80126
| | - Manuela Rossi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy I-80126
| | - Gennaro Marino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy I-80126
- University Suor Orsola Benincasa, Naples, Italy 80132
| | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy I-80126
| | - Leila Birolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy I-80126
- Task Force “Metodologie Analitiche per la Salvaguardia dei Beni Culturali”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy I-80126
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7
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Wang X, Li N, Xu D, Yang X, Zhu Q, Xiao D, Lu N. Superhydrophobic candle soot/PDMS substrate for one-step enrichment and desalting of peptides in MALDI MS analysis. Talanta 2018; 190:23-29. [PMID: 30172504 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic substrate is applied in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) detection due to its confinement effect. The weak interaction of superhydrophobic surface with water/salts makes it potential in one-step enrichment and desalting of peptide in MALDI MS analysis. We fabricate a superhydrophobic substrate by spin-coating poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) on a candle soot layer. On this substrate, the peptide analytes can be confined and enriched in a small area due to the confinement effect and its strong hydrophobic interactions with PDMS. Meanwhile, the desalting can be easily realized by removing the residual solution after the absorption of analyst molecules due to the weak interaction between water/salt contaminants and the superhydrophobic surface. Using this substrate, angiotensin III (Ang III) in the presence of salt with high concentration (2 M or saturated) can be analyzed, and the peptide sequence coverage of 10 μg/mL myoglobin (MYO) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) digests is enhanced to 51% and 26%, which is 37% and 21% analyzed with the commercial ZipTipC18 pipette tips. The LOD of bacitracin A (Bac A) in milk with this substrate is 100 pM and nearly 360 times lower than the LOD of standard testing method. This substrate has potential practical applications in proteomics research and actual sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Daren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xiangchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Qunyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Dongyang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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8
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Applications of Functional Amyloids from Fungi: Surface Modification by Class I Hydrophobins. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7030045. [PMID: 28672843 PMCID: PMC5618226 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I hydrophobins produced from fungi are amongst the first proteins recognized as functional amyloids. They are amphiphilic proteins involved in the formation of aerial structures such as spores or fruiting bodies. They form chemically robust layers which can only be dissolved in strong acids. These layers adhere to different surfaces, changing their wettability, and allow the binding of other proteins. Herein, the modification of diverse types of surfaces with Class I hydrophobins is reported, highlighting the applications of the coated surfaces. Indeed, these coatings can be exploited in several fields, spanning from biomedical to industrial applications, which include biosensing and textile manufacturing.
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9
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Cicatiello P, Dardano P, Pirozzi M, Gravagnuolo AM, De Stefano L, Giardina P. Self-assembly of two hydrophobins from marine fungi affected by interaction with surfaces. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2173-2186. [PMID: 28543036 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are amphiphilic fungal proteins endowed with peculiar characteristics, such as a high surface activity and an interface triggered self-assembly. Several applications of these proteins have been proposed in the food, cosmetics and biomedical fields. Moreover, their use as proteinaceous coatings can be effective for materials and nanomaterials applications. The discovery of novel hydrophobins with diverse properties may be advantageous from both the scientific and industrial points of view. Stressful environmental conditions of fungal growth may induce the production of proteins with peculiar features. Two Class I hydrophobins from fungi isolated from marine environment have been recently purified. Herein, their propensity to aggregate forming nanometric fibrillar structures has been compared, using different techniques, such as circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering and Thioflavin T fluorescence assay. Furthermore, TEM and AFM images indicate that the interaction of these proteins with specific surfaces, are crucial in the formation of amyloid fibrils and in the assembly morphologies. These self-assembling proteins show promising properties as bio-coating for different materials via a green process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2173-2186. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cicatiello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, Naples, I-80126, Italy
| | - Principia Dardano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Unit of Naples-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Unit of Naples-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo M Gravagnuolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, Naples, I-80126, Italy.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Unit of Naples-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, Naples, I-80126, Italy
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10
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Francese S, Bradshaw R, Denison N. An update on MALDI mass spectrometry based technology for the analysis of fingermarks – stepping into operational deployment. Analyst 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00569e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Expanded range of retrievable intelligence from fingermarksviaMALDI MS based methods and increased operational capabilities of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Francese
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging
- Biomolecular Research Centre
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - R. Bradshaw
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging
- Biomolecular Research Centre
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - N. Denison
- Identification Services Yorkshire and the Humber Region
- Wakefield
- UK WF27UA
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11
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Kaur J, Vergara A, Rossi M, Gravagnuolo AM, Valadan M, Corrado F, Conte M, Gesuele F, Giardina P, Altucci C. Electrostatically driven scalable synthesis of MoS2–graphene hybrid films assisted by hydrophobins. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09878b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of MoS2/biofunctionalized graphene hybrid films assisted by Vmh2 hydrophobin for applications in biosensing and photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Kaur
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”
- University of Naples Federico II
- Naples
- Italy
- Akal College of Basic Sciences
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Naples
- Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl
| | - Manuela Rossi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Resources Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Naples
- Italy
| | - Alfredo Maria Gravagnuolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Naples
- Italy
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry
| | | | - Federica Corrado
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno
- Portici
- Italy
| | | | - Felice Gesuele
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”
- University of Naples Federico II
- Naples
- Italy
| | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Naples
- Italy
| | - Carlo Altucci
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”
- University of Naples Federico II
- Naples
- Italy
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12
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Abstract
Fungal hydrophobin is a family of low molecular weight proteins consisting of four disulfide bridges and an extraordinary hydrophobic patch. The hydrophobic patch of hydrophobins and the molecules of gaseous CO2 may interact together and form the stable CO2-nanobubbles covered by an elastic membrane in carbonated beverages. The nanobubbles provide the required energy to provoke primary gushing. Due to the hydrophobicity of hydrophobin, this protein is used as a biosurfactant, foaming agent or encapsulating agent in food products and medicine formulations. Increasing demands for using of hydrophobins led to a challenge regarding production and purification of this product. However, the main issue to use hydrophobin in the industry is the regulatory affairs: yet there is no approved legislation for using hydrophobin in food and beverages. To comply with the legislation, establishing a consistent method for obtaining pure hydrophobins is necessary. Currently, few research teams in Europe are focusing on different aspects of hydrophobins. In this paper, an up-to-date collection of highlights from those special groups about the bio-chemical and physicochemical characteristics of hydrophobins have been studied. The recent advances of those groups concerning the production and purification, positive applications and negative function of hydrophobin are also summarised.
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Patel E, Cicatiello P, Deininger L, Clench MR, Marino G, Giardina P, Langenburg G, West A, Marshall P, Sears V, Francese S. A proteomic approach for the rapid, multi-informative and reliable identification of blood. Analyst 2016; 141:191-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Blood evidence is frequently encountered at the scene of violent crimes and can provide valuable intelligence in the forensic investigation of serious offences.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Patel
- Biomolecular Research Centre
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - P. Cicatiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Universita’ di Napoli Federico II
- via Cinthia I-80126 Naples
- Italy
| | - L. Deininger
- Biomolecular Research Centre
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - M. R. Clench
- Biomolecular Research Centre
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - G. Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Universita’ di Napoli Federico II
- via Cinthia I-80126 Naples
- Italy
| | - P. Giardina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Universita’ di Napoli Federico II
- via Cinthia I-80126 Naples
- Italy
| | | | | | | | - V. Sears
- Centre for Applied Science and Technology
- St Albans
- UK
| | - S. Francese
- Biomolecular Research Centre
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
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14
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Applications of hydrophobins: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:1587-97. [PMID: 25564034 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are proteins exclusively produced by filamentous fungi. They self-assemble at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces into an amphipathic film. This protein film renders hydrophobic surfaces of gas bubbles, liquids, or solid materials wettable, while hydrophilic surfaces can be turned hydrophobic. These properties, among others, make hydrophobins of interest for medical and technical applications. For instance, hydrophobins can be used to disperse hydrophobic materials; to stabilize foam in food products; and to immobilize enzymes, peptides, antibodies, cells, and anorganic molecules on surfaces. At the same time, they may be used to prevent binding of molecules. Furthermore, hydrophobins have therapeutic value as immunomodulators and can been used to produce recombinant proteins.
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15
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A simple MALDI plate functionalization by Vmh2 hydrophobin for serial multi-enzymatic protein digestions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:487-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Lo VC, Ren Q, Pham CLL, Morris VK, Kwan AH, Sunde M. Fungal Hydrophobin Proteins Produce Self-Assembling Protein Films with Diverse Structure and Chemical Stability. NANOMATERIALS 2014; 4:827-843. [PMID: 28344251 PMCID: PMC5304692 DOI: 10.3390/nano4030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small proteins secreted by fungi and which spontaneously assemble into amphipathic layers at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. We have examined the self-assembly of the Class I hydrophobins EAS∆15 and DewA, the Class II hydrophobin NC2 and an engineered chimeric hydrophobin. These Class I hydrophobins form layers composed of laterally associated fibrils with an underlying amyloid structure. These two Class I hydrophobins, despite showing significant conformational differences in solution, self-assemble to form fibrillar layers with very similar structures and require a hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface to trigger self-assembly. Addition of additives that influence surface tension can be used to manipulate the fine structure of the protein films. The Class II hydrophobin NC2 forms a mesh-like protein network and the engineered chimeric hydrophobin displays two multimeric forms, depending on assembly conditions. When formed on a graphite surface, the fibrillar EAS∆15 layers are resistant to alcohol, acid and basic washes. In contrast, the NC2 Class II monolayers are dissociated by alcohol treatment but are relatively stable towards acid and base washes. The engineered chimeric Class I/II hydrophobin shows increased stability towards alcohol and acid and base washes. Self-assembled hydrophobin films may have extensive applications in biotechnology where biocompatible; amphipathic coatings facilitate the functionalization of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Lo
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Qin Ren
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Chi L L Pham
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Vanessa K Morris
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Ann H Kwan
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Margaret Sunde
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
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