1
|
Tian Z, Jiang F, Zhu S. Quantitative determination of chondroitin sulfate with various molecular weights in raw materials by pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. Food Chem 2024; 440:138273. [PMID: 38154285 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reliable HPLC method was developed for quantification of chondroitin sulfate (CS). The procedure is based on precolumn hydrolysis of CS to liberate galactosamine and subsequent derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. Hydrolysis and derivatization conditions were optimized. A linear correlation coefficient of 0.9999 was calculated within the range of 10-1500 μg/mL from the standard curve. The method produces good precision and good accuracy (100.75 % recovery). An advantage over other common methods is its ability to quantify CS of all molecular weights and structures, as evidenced by the determination of CS fractions with narrow molecular weight distributions obtained through depolymerization by different methods, while enzymatic HPLC was proven to be infeasible. Extraction recoveries of CS from monosaccharide mixed samples were > 93 %. The reliability was also validated by a small difference (-1.95 % to 4.12 %) relative to enzymatic HPLC results in analysing representative CS samples of different animal origins and suppliers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Tian
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao Y, Tang H, Ma H, Liu Z, Huang J, Yang X, Zhao L, Yuan Q. Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate Hybrid Chains from Swim Bladder: Isolation, Structural Analysis, and Anticoagulant Activity. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:9. [PMID: 38276647 PMCID: PMC10817686 DOI: 10.3390/md22010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with unique structures from marine animals show intriguing pharmacological activities and negligible biological risks, providing more options for us to explore safer agents. The swim bladder is a tonic food and folk medicine, and its GAGs show good anticoagulant activity. In this study, two GAGs, CMG-1.0 and GMG-1.0, were extracted and isolated from the swim bladder of Cynoscion microlepidotus and Gadus morhua. The physicochemical properties, precise structural characteristics, and anticoagulant activities of these GAGs were determined for the first time. The analysis results of the CMG-1.0 and GMG-1.0 showed that they were chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) hybrid chains with molecular weights of 109.3 kDa and 123.1 kDa, respectively. They were mainly composed of the repeating disaccharide unit of -{IdoA-α1,3-GalNAc4S-β1,4-}- (DS-A). The DS-B disaccharide unit of -{IdoA2S-α1,3-GalNAc4S-β1,4-}- also existed in both CMG-1.0 and GMG-1.0. CMG-1.0 had a higher proportion of CS-O disaccharide unit -{-GlcA-β1,3-GalNAc-β1,4-}- but a lower proportion of CS-E disaccharide unit -{-GlcA-β1,3-GalNAc4S6S-β1,4-}- than GMG-1.0. The disaccharide compositions of the GAGs varied in a species-specific manner. Anticoagulant activity assay revealed that both CMG-1.0 and GMG-1.0 had potent anticoagulant activity, which can significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time. GMG-1.0 also can prolong the thrombin time. CMG-1.0 showed no intrinsic tenase inhibition activity, while GMG-1.0 can obviously inhibit intrinsic tenase with EC50 of 58 nM. Their significantly different anticoagulant activities may be due to their different disaccharide structural units and proportions. These findings suggested that swim bladder by-products of fish processing of these two marine organisms may be used as a source of anticoagulants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (H.M.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (H.M.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Haiqiong Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (H.M.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Zidong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (H.M.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (H.M.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiufen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (H.M.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Qingxia Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (H.M.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Yao Q, Zeng X, Hao C, Li X, Zhang L, Zeng P. Determination of monosaccharide composition in human serum by an improved HPLC method and its application as candidate biomarkers for endometrial cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1014159. [PMID: 36408150 PMCID: PMC9671074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1014159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glycan levels in serum have been associated with increased risk of cancer. In this study, we have developed and validated a HPLC-based method to analyze monosaccharide composition (D-mannose, Glucosamine, Galactosamine, Glucuronic acid, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-fucose) in human serum, with L-rhamnose, being used as internal standard. Monosaccharides obtained from hydrolyzed serum samples were derivatized by 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. A ZORBAX XDB-C18 column(150×4.6mm) was used for chromatographic separation with 100 mM ammonium acetate buffer (NH4Ac-HAc, PH=5.5, solvent A), acetonitrile (ACN, solvent B) as a mobile phase. The calibration standard curves for the eight monosaccharides showed good linearity over the range of 2.5-500μg/mL with R2 > 0.995. The relative standard deviation values for intra-day and inter-day precision were ≤ 5.49%. Recovery was 69.01-108.96%. We observed that this column exhibited high specificity and selectivity to separate monosaccharides from serum. This method was then applied to quantitatively analyze the serum monosaccharide levels in 30 patients with endometrial cancer and 30 matched healthy controls. Statistical analysis indicated that the serum monosaccharide levels were significantly higher in patients compared with healthy controls (P value< 0.0001). Overall, we report here a simple, reliable, low-cost, and reproducible HPLC method for the separation and quantification monosaccharides in the human serum, which has potential value to serve as a screening marker for endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Hao
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiulian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Pengjiao Zeng, ; Lijuan Zhang,
| | - Pengjiao Zeng
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Pengjiao Zeng, ; Lijuan Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zappe A, Miller RL, Struwe WB, Pagel K. State-of-the-art glycosaminoglycan characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1040-1071. [PMID: 34608657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides involved in a range of biological functions. They have a significant influence on the regulation of cellular processes and the development of various diseases and infections. To fully understand the functional roles that GAGs play in mammalian systems, including disease processes, it is essential to understand their structural features. Despite having a linear structure and a repetitive disaccharide backbone, their structural analysis is challenging and requires elaborate preparative and analytical techniques. In particular, the extent to which GAGs are sulfated, as well as variation in sulfate position across the entire oligosaccharide or on individual monosaccharides, represents a major obstacle. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art methodologies used for GAG sample preparation and analysis, discussing in detail liquid chromatograpy and mass spectrometry-based approaches, including advanced ion activation methods, ion mobility separations and infrared action spectroscopy of mass-selected species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zappe
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhang L. Glycosaminoglycan Quality Control by Monosaccharide Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2303:297-306. [PMID: 34626388 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous biomacromolecules made by all animal cells with overlapping molecular weight and high negative charge densities, which make thorough separation of different types of GAGs and elimination of all GAG-binding proteins difficult. Even with the constant challenge of quality control, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and heparin glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been used as nutraceuticals and modern drugs for many years worldwide. Testing galactosamine in heparin has been added to the USP monograph after contaminated heparin event, but the general monosaccharide composition analysis has not been developed for GAG quality control purposes. Using a PCR-facilitated hydrolysis assay, the hydrolyzed GAG saccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Glucosamine was found in both chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate whereas galactosamine was observed in both heparan sulfate and heparin, indicating the cross contamination among different types of GAGs. Moreover, fucose was detected in chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate, and both fucose and mannose were detected in chondroitin sulfate, suggesting the co-presence of other types of glycans or novel fucosylated GAG structures. Furthermore, both the amount and structure of acid-resistant disaccharides provide distinguishable features for each type of GAGs at the same hydrolysis condition. Thus, monosaccharide analysis provides a practical and quantitative way for GAG quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu Y, Liu X, Miao J, Leng K. Chitin from Antarctic krill shell: Eco-preparation, detection, and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4125-4137. [PMID: 32890560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic krill is a nutrient-rich crustacean that is one of the main species in the Antarctic ecosystem. Antarctic krill shell (AKS) can be used as raw materials to prepare chitin. In this study, lactic acid and dispase were used to prepare Antarctic krill chitin (AKC-1). Amino-monosaccharide contents of chitin samples were detected by pre-column PMP-HPLC method. Analytical instruments were conducted to determine characteristics of chitin samples. Results showed that the amino-monosaccharide content of AKS was 4.62 g/100 g (measured in D-glucosamine). The yield of AKC-1 was 5.49 g/100 g, and the amino-monosaccharide content was 80.90 g/100 g. AKC-1 showed smooth flakes, a porous surface, and α-chitin structural characteristics. The maximum degradation temperature (DTGmax) was 318.3 °C. The yield of deacetylated chitin (AKC-2) was 4.74 g/100 g, with deacetylation degree of 80.8%, viscosity average molecular weight of approximately 145.7 kDa, and amino-monosaccharide content of 97.06 g/100 g. The surface morphology of AKC-2 was similar to that of AKC-1, and the DTGmax was 311.5 °C. A mild, eco-friendly chitin preparation method and an amino-monosaccharide content detection method of raw material before chitin preparation are described in this study, which can provide technical support for comprehensive utilization of Antarctic krill resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, PR China
| | - Junkui Miao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, PR China
| | - Kailiang Leng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No.1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266200, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Using a PCR instrument to hydrolyze polysaccharides for monosaccharide composition analyses. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Zhu H, Aloor A, Ma C, Kondengaden SM, Wang PG. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Protein Glycosylation. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2020-1346.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhu
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | | | | | - Peng George Wang
- Current Address: Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Preparation of chondroitin sulfates with different molecular weights from bovine nasal cartilage and their antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 152:1047-1055. [PMID: 31751707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological functions of chondroitin sulfate, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, are associated with its molecular weight. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between antioxidant activity and molecular weights of chondroitin sulfate derived from bovine nasal cartilage (BCS). BCS extracted by compound enzymatic method was further purified via DEAE-cellulose column separation to obtain BCS-II (129.4 kDa), which was further degraded by H2O2-Vc to obtain four subfractions: BCS-II-1 (92.7 kDa), BCS-II-2 (54.1 kDa), BCS-II-3 (26.3 kDa), and BCS-II-4 (19.7 kDa). Changes in the physicochemical properties of BCS-II before and after degradation were compared via FT-IR, NMR and monosaccharide composition analysis. Finally, antioxidant activities of BCS-II and its subfractions BCS-II-1-4 were compared. Our results showed that the H2O2-Vc system did not disrupt the primary functional group of BCS-II, with no significant change in sulfate content between BCS-II and its degraded fractions; however, uronic acid levels increased in degraded fractions when compared with BCS-II. In vitro, BCS-II-4 displayed the lowest molecular weight and had the strongest antioxidant activity. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of chondroitin sulfate in vitro is robustly associated with its molecular weight, and low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate can be used as an antioxidant in the food and pharmaceutical industries and other sectors.
Collapse
|
10
|
He Z, Zhou L, Lin L, Yin R, Zhao J. Structure and heparanase inhibitory activity of a new glycosaminoglycan from the slug Limacus flavus. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220:176-184. [PMID: 31196538 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new glycosaminoglycan (LF-GAG) was purified from the slug Limacus flavus. Its unique chemical structure and heparanase inhibitory activity were studied in this work. The native LF-GAG was composed of L-iduronic acid (L-IdoA) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (D-GlcNAc), with a Mw of 22,700 Da. To elucidate the precise structure and structure-activity relationship, its deacetylation-deaminative depolymerized product (dLF-GAG) was prepared, and from which four oligosaccharides were purified. Combining the NMR spectral analysis of LF-GAG and its derived oligosaccharides, the structure of LF-GAG was deduced to be -4)-L-IdoA2R-(α1,4)-D-GlcNAc-(α1-, in which R was -OH (˜80%) or -OSO3- (˜20%). Bioactivity assays showed that LF-GAG could potently inhibit human heparanase (IC50, 0.10 μM). dLF-GAG and LF-3 were less potent but also active for heparanase inhibition. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that the chain length and sulfate substitution of LF-GAG are essential for its heparanase inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lutan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lisha Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ronghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recent advances in glycosaminoglycan analysis by various mass spectrometry techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3731-3741. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
12
|
Khan SA, Mason RW, Giugliani R, Orii K, Fukao T, Suzuki Y, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi H, Orii T, Tomatsu S. Glycosaminoglycans analysis in blood and urine of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:44-52. [PMID: 29779903 PMCID: PMC6175648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To explore the correlation between glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels and mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type, we have evaluated the GAG levels in blood of MPS II, III, IVA, and IVB and urine of MPS IVA, IVB, and VI by tandem mass spectrometry. Dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS), keratan sulfate (KS; mono-sulfated KS, di-sulfated KS), and the ratio of di-sulfated KS in total KS were measured. Patients with untreated MPS II had higher levels of DS and HS in blood while untreated MPS III had higher levels of HS in blood than age-matched controls. Untreated MPS IVA had higher levels of KS in blood and urine than age-matched controls. The ratio of blood di-sulfated KS/total KS in untreated MPS IVA was constant and higher than that in controls for children up to 10 years of age. The ratio of urine di-sulfated KS/total KS in untreated MPS IVA was also higher than that in age-matched controls, but the ratio in untreated MPS IVB was lower than controls. ERT reduced blood DS and HS in MPS II, and urine KS in MPS IVA patients, although GAGs levels remained higher than the observed in age-matched controls. ERT did not change blood KS levels in MPS IVA. MPS VI under ERT still had an elevation of urine DS level compared to age-matched controls. There was a positive correlation between blood and urine KS in untreated MPS IVA patients but not in MPS IVA patients treated with ERT. Blood and urine KS levels were secondarily elevated in MPS II and VI, respectively. Overall, measurement of GAG levels in blood and urine is useful for diagnosis of MPS, while urine KS is not a useful biomarker for monitoring therapeutic efficacy in MPS IVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaukat A Khan
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Dep. Genetics, UFRGS, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kenji Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukao
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | | | - Tadao Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bai M, Han W, Zhao X, Wang Q, Gao Y, Deng S. Glycosaminoglycans from a Sea Snake ( Lapemis curtus): Extraction, Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050170. [PMID: 29783635 PMCID: PMC5983301 DOI: 10.3390/md16050170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea snakes have wide application prospects in medicine, health food and other fields. Several novel polysaccharides were successfully obtained from the skin and the meat of a sea snake (Lapemis curtus). The structures of polysaccharides LSP3 and LMP3, which were extracted and purified from Lapemis curtus, were determined to be new and highly heterogenic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by means of FT-IR, ESI-MS/MS and NMR. LSP3 is a hybrid dermatan sulfate (DS) and composed of 48% 4-sulfated disaccharides (Di4S), 42% 6-sulfated disaccharides (Di6S) and 5% disulfated disaccharides (Di2,6S), while LMP3 is a hybrid chondroitin sulfate (CS) and composed of 70% Di4S, 20% Di6S, and 8% Di2,6S. More importantly, LSP3 and LMP3 showed a strong scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, iron (Fe2+) chelating activity and total antioxidant capacity in vitro, especially LSP3, with high contents of uronic acid and sulfate, which possessed a higher scavenging ability of DPPH radicals than other fractions. These data suggested that the sea snake polysaccharides could be promising candidates for natural antioxidant ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qingchi Wang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shiming Deng
- Ocean College of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Structural analysis and biological activity of a highly regular glycosaminoglycan from Achatina fulica. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:433-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
15
|
Kubaski F, Osago H, Mason RW, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi H, Tsuchiya M, Orii T, Tomatsu S. Glycosaminoglycans detection methods: Applications of mass spectrometry. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:67-77. [PMID: 27746032 PMCID: PMC5477676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long blocks of negatively charged polysaccharides. They are one of the major components of the extracellular matrix and play multiple roles in different tissues and organs. The accumulation of undegraded GAGs causes mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). GAGs are associated with other pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, spinal cord injury, and cancer. The need for further understanding of GAG functions and mechanisms of action boosted the development of qualitative and quantitative (alcian blue, toluidine blue, paper and thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue, enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay, mass spectrometry) techniques. The availability of quantitative techniques has facilitated translational research on GAGs into the medical field for: 1) diagnosis, monitoring, and screening for MPS; 2) analysis of GAG synthetic and degradation pathways; and 3) determination of physiological and pathological roles of GAGs. This review provides a history of development of GAG assays and insights about the use of tandem mass spectrometry and its applications for GAG analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francyne Kubaski
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Harumi Osago
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | | | - Mikako Tsuchiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan.
| | - Tadao Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Windwarder M, Figl R, Svehla E, Mócsai RT, Farcet JB, Staudacher E, Kosma P, Altmann F. "Hypermethylation" of anthranilic acid-labeled sugars confers the selectivity required for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2016; 514:24-31. [PMID: 27640150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the monosaccharides of complex carbohydrates is often performed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Unfortunately, methylated sugars, unusual amino- or deoxysugars and incomplete hydrolysis can lead to erroneous assignments of peaks. Here, we demonstrate that a volatile buffer system is suitable for the separation of anthranilic acid labeled sugars. It allows off-line examination of peaks by electrospray mass spectrometry. Approaches towards on-line mass spectrometric detection using reversed-phase or porous graphitic carbon columns fell short of achieving sufficient separation of the relevant isobaric sugars. Adequate chromatographic performance for isomeric sugars was achieved with reversed-phase chromatography of "hyper"-methylated anthranilic acid-labeled monosaccharides. Deuteromethyl iodide facilitates the discovery of naturally methylated sugars and identification of their parent monosaccharide as demonstrated with N-glycans of the snail Achatina fulica, where two thirds of the galactoses and a quarter of the mannoses were methylated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Windwarder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Figl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Svehla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Réka Tünde Mócsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Baptiste Farcet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Staudacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Antithrombotic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates and their depolymerized fragments from two sea cucumbers. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:343-350. [PMID: 27516281 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), a glycosaminoglycan extracted from the body wall of sea cucumber, is a promising antithrombotic agent. The chemical structures of FCSc isolated from sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and its depolymerized fragment (dFCSc) were characterized for the first time. Additionally, anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that dFCSc exhibited better antithrombotic-hemorrhagic ratio than native FCSc on the electrical induced arterial thrombosis model in rats. Compared to FCSt obtained from Thelenota ananas, FCSc possessed different sulfation patterns but similar antithrombotic effects. Therefore, sulfation pattern of FCS might not affect anticoagulation and antithrombosis as much as molecular weight may. Our results proposed a new point of view to understand the structure-activity relationship of FCS as alternative agents.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang QC, Zhao X, Pu JH, Luan XH. Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 143:296-300. [PMID: 27083372 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Monosaccharide composition analysis is important for structural characterization of polysaccharides. To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. The hydrolysis stability of 10 monosaccharide standards was also explored. Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. Thus, different hydrolytic conditions should be used for the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jiang-Hua Pu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Luan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|