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Bagheri M, Tanriverdi K, Iafrati MD, Mosley JD, Freedman JE, Ferguson JF. Characterization of the plasma metabolome and lipidome in response to sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgeries reveals molecular patterns of surgical weight loss. Metabolism 2024; 158:155955. [PMID: 38906372 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bariatric surgery improves metabolic health, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We analyzed the effects of two types of bariatric surgery, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), on the plasma metabolome and lipidome. METHODS We characterized the plasma metabolome (1268 metabolites) and lipidome (953 lipids) pre-operatively and at 3 and 12 months post-operatively in 104 obese adults who were previously recruited to a prospective cohort of bariatric surgery. The metabolomic and lipidomic responses to bariatric surgery over time were analyzed using multivariable linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS There were significant changes in multiple metabolites and lipids, including rapid early changes in amino acid and peptide metabolites, including decreases in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), aromatic AAs, alanine and aspartate, and increases in glycine, serine, arginine and citrulline. There were also significant decreases in many triglyceride species, with increases in phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. There were significant changes in metabolites related to energy metabolism that were apparent only after 12 months. We observed differences by bariatric surgery type in the changes in a small number of primary and secondary bile acids, including glycohyocholate and glyco-beta-muricholate. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the comprehensive changes in metabolites and lipids that occur over the 12 months following bariatric surgery. While both SG and RYGB caused profound changes in the metabolome and lipidome, RYGB was characterized by greater increases in bile acids following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Bagheri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Mark D Iafrati
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D Mosley
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jane E Freedman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America.
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2
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Zendjabil M. Preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical considerations in circulating microRNAs measurement. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2024; 34:020501. [PMID: 38882585 PMCID: PMC11177657 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2024.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have emerged as a new category of biomarkers for many human diseases like cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. MicroRNAs can be detected in various body fluids including blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the literature contains conflicting results for circulating miRNAs, which is the main barrier to using miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers. This variability in results is largely due to differences between studies in sample processing methodology, miRNA quantification and result normalization. The purpose of this review is to describe the various preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical factors that can impact miRNA detection accuracy and to propose recommendations for the standardization of circulating miRNAs measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Zendjabil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oran 1 - Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Oran University Hospital, Oran, Algeria
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3
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Mohammadi S, Salimi A, Hoseinkhani Z, Ghasemi F, Mansouri K. Carbon dots hybrid for dual fluorescent detection of microRNA-21 integrated bioimaging of MCF-7 using a microfluidic platform. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:73. [PMID: 35135571 PMCID: PMC8822830 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs have short sequences of 20 ~ 25-nucleotides which are similar among family members and play crucial regulatory roles in numerous biological processes, such as in cell development, metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Results We reported a strategy for the construction of a dual-emission fluorescent sensor using carbon dots (CDs) and confirmed their applications for ratiometric microRNA-21 sensing and bioimaging of cancer cells in a microfluidic device. The composition of blue CDs (B-CDs) and yellow CDs (Y-CDs) depicts dual-emission behavior which is centered at 409 and 543 nm under an excitation wavelength of 360 nm. With increasing microRNA-21 concentration, the robust and specific binding of DNA probe functionalized B-CDs to complementary microRNA-21 target induced perturbations of probe structure and led to changing fluorescence intensity in both wavelengths. Consequently, the ratio of turn-on signal to turn-off signal is greatly altered. With monitoring of the inherent ratiometric fluorescence variation (ΔF540nm/ΔF410nm), as-prepared BY-CDs were established as an efficient platform for ratiometric fluorescent microRNA-21 sensing, with a wide linear range of 0.15 fM to 2.46 pM and a detection limit of 50 aM. Conclusions Furthermore, the proposed assay was applied for detecting microRNA-21 in dilute human serum samples with satisfactory recovery and also in MCF-7 cell lines in the range 3000 to 45,000 (cell mL−1) with a detection limit (3 cells in 10 μL), demonstrating the potential of the assay for clinic diagnosis of microRNA-associated disease. More importantly, the images revealed that MCF-7 cells well labeled with BY-CDs could exhibit the applicability of the proposed microfluidic system as an effective cell trapping device in bioimaging. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01274-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran. .,Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Hoseinkhani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Foad Ghasemi
- Nanoscale Physics Device Lab (NPDL), Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15275, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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4
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Preissner KT, Fischer S, Deindl E. Extracellular RNA as a Versatile DAMP and Alarm Signal That Influences Leukocyte Recruitment in Inflammation and Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:619221. [PMID: 33392206 PMCID: PMC7775424 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon vascular injury, tissue damage, ischemia, or microbial infection, intracellular material such as nucleic acids and histones is liberated and comes into contact with the vessel wall and circulating blood cells. Such "Danger-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) may thus have an enduring influence on the inflammatory defense process that involves leukocyte recruitment and wound healing reactions. While different species of extracellular RNA (exRNA), including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have been implicated to influence inflammatory processes at different levels, recent in vitro and in vivo work has demonstrated a major impact of ribosomal exRNA as a prominent DAMP on various steps of leukocyte recruitment within the innate immune response. This includes the induction of vascular hyper-permeability and vasogenic edema by exRNA via the activation of the "vascular endothelial growth factor" (VEGF) receptor-2 system, as well as the recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed endothelium, the M1-type polarization of inflammatory macrophages, or the role of exRNA as a pro-thrombotic cofactor to promote thrombosis. Beyond sterile inflammation, exRNA also augments the docking of bacteria to host cells and the subsequent microbial invasion. Moreover, upon vessel occlusion and ischemia, the shear stress-induced release of exRNA initiates arteriogenesis (i.e., formation of natural vessel bypasses) in a multistep process that resembles leukocyte recruitment. Although exRNA can be counteracted for by natural circulating RNase1, under the conditions mentioned, only the administration of exogenous, thermostable, non-toxic RNase1 provides an effective and safe therapeutic regimen for treating the damaging activities of exRNA. It remains to be investigated whether exRNA may also influence viral infections (including COVID-19), e.g., by supporting the interaction of host cells with viral particles and their subsequent invasion. In fact, as a consequence of the viral infection cycle, massive amounts of exRNA are liberated, which can provoke further tissue damage and enhance virus dissemination. Whether the application of RNase1 in this scenario may help to limit the extent of viral infections like COVID-19 and impact on leukocyte recruitment and emigration steps in immune defense in order to limit the extent of associated cardiovascular diseases remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus T. Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Kerckhoff-Heart-Research-Institute, Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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5
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Xiong Z, Pan R, Hu Q, Yun W, Li N, Wang Q, Yang L. One-step triggered branched DNA nanostrucuture for ultra-sensitive electrochemical detection of microRNA. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Mechanisms and biomarkers of cancer-associated thrombosis. Transl Res 2020; 225:33-53. [PMID: 32645431 PMCID: PMC8020882 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis is a leading cause of non-cancer death in cancer patients and is comprised of both arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). There are multiple risk factors for developing VTE, including cancer type, stage, treatment, and other medical comorbidities, which suggests that the etiology of thrombosis is multifactorial. While cancer-associated thrombosis can be treated with anticoagulation, benefits of therapy must be balanced with the increased bleeding risks seen in patients with cancer. Although risk models exist for primary and recurrent VTE, additional predictors are needed to improve model performance and discrimination of high-risk patients. This review will outline the diverse mechanisms driving thrombosis in cancer patients, as well as provide an overview of biomarkers studied in thrombosis risk and important considerations when selecting candidate biomarkers.
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Extracellular microRNAs in human circulation are associated with miRISC complexes that are accessible to anti-AGO2 antibody and can bind target mimic oligonucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24213-24223. [PMID: 32929008 PMCID: PMC7533700 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008323117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function cell-intrinsically to regulate gene expression by base-pairing to complementary mRNA targets while in association with Argonaute, the effector protein of the miRNA-mediated silencing complex (miRISC). A relatively dilute population of miRNAs can be found extracellularly in body fluids such as human blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The remarkable stability of circulating miRNAs in such harsh extracellular environments can be attributed to their association with protective macromolecular complexes, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), proteins such as Argonaut 2 (AGO2), or high-density lipoproteins. The precise origins and the potential biological significance of various forms of miRNA-containing extracellular complexes are poorly understood. It is also not known whether extracellular miRNAs in their native state may retain the capacity for miRISC-mediated target RNA binding. To explore the potential functionality of circulating extracellular miRNAs, we comprehensively investigated the association between circulating miRNAs and the miRISC Argonaute AGO2. Using AGO2 immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by small-RNA sequencing, we find that miRNAs in circulation are primarily associated with antibody-accessible miRISC/AGO2 complexes. Moreover, we show that circulating miRNAs can base-pair with a target mimic in a seed-based manner, and that the target-bound AGO2 can be recovered from blood plasma in an ∼1:1 ratio with the respective miRNA. Our findings suggest that miRNAs in circulation are largely contained in functional miRISC/AGO2 complexes under normal physiological conditions. However, we find that, in human CSF, the assortment of certain extracellular miRNAs into free miRISC/AGO2 complexes can be affected by pathological conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Kolenda T, Guglas K, Baranowski D, Sobocińska J, Kopczyńska M, Teresiak A, Bliźniak R, Lamperska K. cfRNAs as biomarkers in oncology - still experimental or applied tool for personalized medicine already? Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:783-792. [PMID: 32904167 PMCID: PMC7451588 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the challenges of contemporary oncology are focused mainly on the development of personalized medicine and precise treatment, which could be achieved through the use of molecular biomarkers. One of the biological molecules with great potential are circulating free RNAs (cfRNAs) which are present in various types of body fluids, such as blood, serum, plasma, and saliva. Also, different types of cfRNA particles can be distinguished depending on their length and function: microRNA (miRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), circular RNA (circRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA). Moreover, cfRNAs occur in various forms: as a free molecule alone, in membrane vesicles, such as exosomes, or in complexes with proteins and lipids. One of the modern approaches for monitoring patient's condition is a "liquid biopsy" that provides a non-invasive and easily available source of circulating RNAs. Both the presence of specific cfRNA types as well as their concentration are dependent on many factors including cancer type or even reaction to treatment. Despite the possibility of using circulating free RNAs as biomarkers, there is still a lack of validated diagnostic panels, defined protocols for sampling, storing as well as detection methods. In this work we examine different types of cfRNAs, evaluate them as possible biomarkers, and analyze methods of their detection. We believe that further research on cfRNA and defining diagnostic panels could lead to better and faster cancer identification and improve treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dawid Baranowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobocińska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magda Kopczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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9
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Rodríguez A, Duyvejonck H, Van Belleghem JD, Gryp T, Van Simaey L, Vermeulen S, Van Mechelen E, Vaneechoutte M. Comparison of procedures for RNA-extraction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229423. [PMID: 32084228 PMCID: PMC7034890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA quality and quantity are important factors for ensuring the accuracy of gene expression analysis and other RNA-based downstream applications. Thus far, only a limited number of methodological studies have compared sample storage and RNA extraction procedures for human cells. We compared three commercially available RNA extraction kits, i.e., (NucliSENS) easyMAG, RNeasy (Mini Kit) and RiboPure (RNA Purification Kit–blood). In addition, additional conditions, such as storage medium and storage temperature of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated, i.e., 4 °C for RNAlater or -80 °C for QIAzol and for the respective cognate lysis buffers; easyMAG, RNeasy or RiboPure. RNA was extracted from aliquots that had been stored for one day (Run 1) or 83 days (Run 2). After DNase treatment, quantity and quality of RNA were assessed by means of a NanoDrop spectrophotometer, 2100 Bioanalyzer and RT-qPCR for the ACTB reference gene. We observed that high-quality RNA can be obtained using RNeasy and RiboPure, regardless of the storage medium, whereas samples stored in RNAlater resulted in the least amount of RNA extracted. In addition, RiboPure combined with storage of samples in its cognate lysis buffer yielded twice as much RNA as all other procedures. These results were supported by RT-qPCR and by the reproducibility observed for two independent extraction runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodríguez
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans Duyvejonck
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas D. Van Belleghem
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tessa Gryp
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Simaey
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vermeulen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Mechelen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Vaneechoutte
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Chu CP, Nabity MB. Comparison of RNA isolation and library preparation methods for small RNA sequencing of canine biofluids. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:310-319. [PMID: 31077418 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of biofluids is challenging due to the relative scarcity of microRNAs (miRNAs), limited sample volumes, and the lack of a gold standard isolation method. Additionally, few comparisons exist for the RNA isolation and sequencing methods of biofluids. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the performance of six commercial RNA isolation kits and two library preparation methods for small RNA-seq using canine serum and urine. METHODS Serum and urine were collected from seven dogs with protein-losing nephropathy, and the samples were pooled. Total RNA from serum (2 mL) and urine (10 mL) was isolated in triplicate using three methods each for serum (Zymo Direct-zol, mirVana PARIS, miRCURY Biofluids) and urine (Qiagen exoRNeasy, Norgen Urine Exosome, miRCURY Exosome). For each sample type, the two kits yielding the highest RNA concentration were selected, and small RNA-seq was performed using TruSeq and NEXTflex library preparations. Data were analyzed by CPSS 2.0 and DESeq2. RESULTS For serum, Zymo Direct-zol combined with NEXTflex was the only combination that enabled successful library preparation, while for urine, Qiagen exoRNeasy combined with NEXTflex outperformed other combinations for detecting miRNAs. The total number of miRNAs detected in serum and urine was 198 and up to 115, respectively. miRNA expression in serum was distinct from urine. Furthermore, the library preparation method introduced a higher variation of urine results than the RNA isolation method. CONCLUSIONS Different isolation and library preparation methods show significant differences in miRNA results that could affect biomarker discovery. Small RNA-seq provides an unbiased, global assessment to compare these methods in canine biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice P Chu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mary B Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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11
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Ford KL, Anwar M, Heys R, Ahmed EM, Caputo M, Game L, Reeves BC, Punjabi PP, Angelini GD, Petretto E, Emanueli C. Optimisation of laboratory methods for whole transcriptomic RNA analyses in human left ventricular biopsies and blood samples of clinical relevance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213685. [PMID: 30870483 PMCID: PMC6417664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to optimise techniques for whole transcriptome and small RNA analyses on clinical tissue samples from patients with cardiovascular disease. Clinical samples often represent a particular challenge to extracting RNA of sufficient quality for robust RNA sequencing analysis, and due to availability, it is rarely possible to optimise techniques on the samples themselves. Therefore, we have used equivalent samples from pigs undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery to test different protocols for optimal RNA extraction, and then validated the protocols in human samples. Here we present an assessment of the quality and quantity of RNA obtained using a variety of commercially-available RNA extraction kits on both left ventricular biopsies and blood plasma. RNA extraction from these samples presents different difficulties; left ventricular biopsies are small and fibrous, while blood plasma has a low RNA content. We have validated our optimised extraction techniques on human clinical samples collected as part of the ARCADIA (Association of non-coding RNAs with Coronary Artery Disease and type 2 Diabetes) cohort study, resulting in successful whole transcriptome and small RNA sequencing of human left ventricular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie L. Ford
- National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM, The Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Anwar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM, The Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Heys
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, Bristol Trials Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eltayeb Mohamed Ahmed
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Game
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, The Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barnaby C. Reeves
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, Bristol Trials Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash P. Punjabi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM, The Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni D. Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Petretto
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, The Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM, The Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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12
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Sadik N, Cruz L, Gurtner A, Rodosthenous RS, Dusoswa SA, Ziegler O, Van Solinge TS, Wei Z, Salvador-Garicano AM, Gyorgy B, Broekman M, Balaj L. Extracellular RNAs: A New Awareness of Old Perspectives. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1740:1-15. [PMID: 29388131 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7652-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular RNA (exRNA) has recently expanded as a highly important area of study in biomarker discovery and cancer therapeutics. exRNA consists of diverse RNA subpopulations that are normally protected from degradation by incorporation into membranous vesicles or by lipid/protein association. They are found circulating in biofluids, and have proven highly promising for minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic purposes, particularly in oncology. Recent work has made progress in our understanding of exRNAs-from their biogenesis, compartmentalization, and vesicle packaging to their various applications as biomarkers and therapeutics, as well as the new challenges that arise in isolation and purification for accurate and reproducible analysis. Here we review the most recent advancements in exRNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Sadik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lilian Cruz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandra Gurtner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rodosthenis S Rodosthenous
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie A Dusoswa
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia Ziegler
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Sebastiaan Van Solinge
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bence Gyorgy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marike Broekman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Shah RV, Hwang SJ, Yeri A, Tanriverdi K, Pico AR, Yao C, Murthy V, Ho J, Vitseva O, Demarco D, Shah S, Iafrati MD, Levy D, Freedman JE. Proteins Altered by Surgical Weight Loss Highlight Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance in the Community. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:107-115. [PMID: 30580566 PMCID: PMC6309981 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Mechanisms of early and late improvements in cardiovascular risk after bariatric surgery and applicability to larger, at-risk populations remain unclear. We aimed to identify proteins altered after bariatric surgery and their relations to metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Approach and Results- We identified 19 proteins altered in 32 nonfasting plasma samples from a study of patients undergoing bariatric surgery who were evaluated preoperatively (visit 1) versus both early (visit 2; ≈3 months) and late (visit 3; ≈12 months) postoperative follow-up using predefined protein panels (Olink). Using in silico methods and publicly available gene expression repositories, we found that genes encoding 8 out of 19 proteins had highest expression in liver relative to other assayed tissues, with the top biological and disease processes, including major obesity-related vascular diseases. Of 19 candidate proteins in the surgical cohort, 6 were previously measured in >3000 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) participants (IGFBP [insulin-like growth factor binding protein]-1, IGFBP-2, P-selectin, CD163, LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-receptor, and PAI [plasminogen activator inhibitor]-1). A higher concentration of IGFBP-2 at baseline was associated with a lower risk of incident metabolic syndrome (odds ratio per log-normal unit, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.32-0.64; P=7.7×10-6) and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.49-0.79; P=0.0001) after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions- Using a directed protein quantification platform (Olink), we identified known and novel proteins altered after surgical weight loss, including IGFBP-2. Future efforts in well-defined obesity intervention settings may further define and validate novel targets for the prevention of vascular disease in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi V. Shah
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, and the Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alexander R. Pico
- Gladstone Institutes, Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chen Yao
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, and the Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Venkatesh Murthy
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jennifer Ho
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Olga Vitseva
- University of Massachusetts at Worcester, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Sajani Shah
- Department of Surgery, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, and the Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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14
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Mumford SL, Towler BP, Pashler AL, Gilleard O, Martin Y, Newbury SF. Circulating MicroRNA Biomarkers in Melanoma: Tools and Challenges in Personalised Medicine. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020021. [PMID: 29701682 PMCID: PMC6022922 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective management of melanoma depends heavily on early diagnosis. When detected in early non-metastatic stages, melanoma is almost 100% curable by surgical resection, however when detected in late metastatic stages III and IV, 5-year survival rates drop to ~50% and 10–25%, respectively, due to limited efficacy of current treatment options. This presents a pressing need to identify biomarkers that can detect patients at high risk of recurrence and progression to metastatic disease, which will allow for early intervention and survival benefit. Accumulating evidence over the past few decades has highlighted the potential use of circulating molecular biomarkers for melanoma diagnosis and prognosis, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fragments. Since 2010, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly recognised as more robust non-invasive biomarkers for melanoma due to their structural stability under the harsh conditions of the blood and different conditions of sample processing and isolation. Several pre-analytical and analytical variables challenge the accurate quantification of relative miRNA levels between serum samples or plasma samples, leading to conflicting findings between studies on circulating miRNA biomarkers for melanoma. In this review, we provide a critical summary of the circulating miRNA biomarkers for melanoma published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Mumford
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
| | - Benjamin P Towler
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
| | - Amy L Pashler
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
| | - Onur Gilleard
- Pathology and Pharmacy Building at The Royal London Hospital, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, UK.
| | - Yella Martin
- Huxley Building, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Sarah F Newbury
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
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15
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Lee I, Baxter D, Lee MY, Scherler K, Wang K. The Importance of Standardization on Analyzing Circulating RNA. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 21:259-268. [PMID: 28039578 PMCID: PMC5426982 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), have recently emerged as non-invasive disease biomarkers. Despite enthusiasm and numerous reports on disease-associated circulating miRNAs, currently there is no circulating miRNA-based diagnostic in use. In addition, there are many contradictory reports on the concentration changes of specific miRNA in circulation. Here we review the impact of various technical and non-technical factors related to circulating miRNA measurement and elucidate the importance of having a general guideline for sample preparation and concentration measurement in studying circulating RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoul Lee
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - David Baxter
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Min Young Lee
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Kelsey Scherler
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98019, USA.
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16
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Eliasson L, Esguerra JLS, Wendt A. Lessons from basic pancreatic beta cell research in type-2 diabetes and vascular complications. Diabetol Int 2017; 8:139-152. [PMID: 30603317 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-017-0304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The changes in life-style with increased access of food and reduced physical activity have resulted in the global epidemic of obesity. Consequently, individuals with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease have also escalated. A central organ in the development of diabetes is the pancreas, and more specifically the pancreatic beta cells within the islets of Langerhans. Beta cells have been assigned the important task of secreting insulin when blood glucose is increased to lower the glucose level. An early sign of diabetes pathogenesis is lack of first phase insulin response and reduced second phase secretion. In this review, which is based on the foreign investigator award lecture given at the JSDC meeting in Sendai in October 2016, we discuss a possible cellular explanation for the reduced first phase insulin response and how this can be influenced by lipids. Moreover, since patients with cardiovascular disease and high levels of cholesterol are often treated with statins, we summarize recent data regarding effects on statins on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. Finally, we suggest microRNAs (miRNAs) as central players in the adjustment of beta cell function during the development of diabetes. We specifically discuss miRNAs regarding their involvement in insulin secretion regulation, differential expression in type 2 diabetes, and potential as biomarkers for prediction of diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, SUS 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Lou S Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, SUS 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, SUS 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
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17
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Dluzen DF, Noren Hooten N, Evans MK. Extracellular RNA in aging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27531497 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of extracellular RNA (exRNA) in circulation and other bodily fluids, there has been considerable effort to catalog and assess whether exRNAs can be used as markers for health and disease. A variety of exRNA species have been identified including messenger RNA and noncoding RNA such as microRNA (miRNA), small nucleolar RNA, transfer RNA, and long noncoding RNA. Age-related changes in exRNA abundance have been observed, and it is likely that some of these transcripts play a role in aging. In this review, we summarize the current state of exRNA profiling in various body fluids and discuss age-related changes in exRNA abundance that have been identified in humans and other model organisms. miRNAs, in particular, are a major focus of current research and we will highlight and discuss the potential role that specific miRNAs might play in age-related phenotypes and disease. We will also review challenges facing this emerging field and various strategies that can be used for the validation and future use of exRNAs as markers of aging and age-related disease. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1385. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1385 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Dluzen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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