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Song H, Jiang C. Recent advances in targeted drug delivery for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:281-301. [PMID: 35220832 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2045943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has become a serious health problem with high impact worldwide. The heterogeneity of PDAC makes it difficult to apply drug delivery systems (DDS) used in other cancer models, for example, the poorly developed vascular system makes anti-angiogenic therapy ineffective. Due to its various malignant pathological changes, drug delivery against PDAC is a matter of urgent concern. Based on this situation, various drug delivery strategies specially designed for PDAC have been generated. AREAS COVERED This review will briefly describe how delivery systems can be designed through nanotechnology and formulation science. Most research focused on penetrating the stromal barrier, exploiting and alleviating the hypoxic microenvironment, targeting immune cells, or designing vaccines, and combination therapies. This review will summarize the ways to reverse the malignant pathological features of PDAC and hopefully provide ideas for subsequent studies. EXPERT OPINION Drug delivery systems designed to achieve penetrating functions or to alleviate hypoxia and activate immunity have achieved good therapeutic results in animal models in several studies. In future studies, there is a need to deliver PDAC therapeutics in a more precise manner, or the use of drug carriers for multiple functions simultaneously, are potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Shanghai, Sichuan, 201203 China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Shanghai, Sichuan, 201203 China
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Saad M, Faucher SP. Aptamers and Aptamer-Coupled Biosensors to Detect Water-Borne Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643797. [PMID: 33679681 PMCID: PMC7933031 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers can serve as efficient bioreceptors for the development of biosensing detection platforms. Aptamers are short DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that fold into specific structures, which enable them to selectively bind to target analytes. The method used to identify aptamers is Systematic Evolution of Ligands through Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Target properties can have an impact on aptamer efficiencies. Therefore, characteristics of water-borne microbial targets must be carefully considered during SELEX for optimal aptamer development. Several aptamers have been described for key water-borne pathogens. Here, we provide an exhaustive overview of these aptamers and discuss important microbial aspects to consider when developing such aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Saad
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien P. Faucher
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Aptamers: a novel targeted theranostic platform for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:189. [PMID: 32758252 PMCID: PMC7409417 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely challenging disease with a high mortality rate and a short overall survival time. The poor prognosis can be explained by aggressive tumor growth, late diagnosis, and therapy resistance. Consistent efforts have been made focusing on early tumor detection and novel drug development. Various strategies aim at increasing target specificity or local enrichment of chemotherapeutics as well as imaging agents in tumor tissue. Aptamers have the potential to provide early detection and permit anti-cancer therapy with significantly reduced side effects. These molecules are in-vitro selected single-stranded oligonucleotides that form stable three-dimensional structures. They are capable of binding to a variety of molecular targets with high affinity and specificity. Several properties such as high binding affinity, the in vitro chemical process of selection, a variety of chemical modifications of molecular platforms for diverse function, non-immunoreactivity, modification of bioavailability, and manipulation of pharmacokinetics make aptamers attractive targets compared to conventional cell-specific ligands. To explore the potential of aptamers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of PDAC - as single agents and in combination with radiotherapy - we summarize the generation process of aptamers and their application as biosensors, biomarker detection tools, targeted imaging tracers, and drug-delivery carriers. We are furthermore discussing the current implementation aptamers in clinical trials, their limitations and possible future utilization.
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Yan W, Gu L, Ren W, Ma X, Qin M, Lyu M, Wang S. Recognition of Helicobacter pylori by protein-targeting aptamers. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12577. [PMID: 30950149 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is a disease-causing pathogen capable of surviving under acidic conditions of the human stomach. Almost half of the world's population is infected with H pylori, with gastric cancer being the most unsatisfactory prognosis. Although H pylori has been discovered 30 years ago, the effective treatment and elimination of H pylori continue to be problematic. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, we screened nucleic acid aptamers using H pylori surface recombinant antigens as targets. Trypsin was used for separating aptamers that were bound to proteins. Following nine rounds of screening, we performed sequence similarity analyses to assess whether the aptamers can recognize the target protein. Two sequences with desirable recognition ability were selected for affinity detection. Aptamer Hp4 with the strongest binding ability to the H pylori surface recombinant antigen was chosen. After optimization of the binding conditions, we conducted specificity tests for Hp4 using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrioanguillarum, and H pylori. RESULTS The data indicated that the aptamer Hp4 had an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd ) of 26.48 ± 5.72 nmol/L to the target protein. This aptamer was capable of exclusively detecting H pylori cells, without displaying any specificity for other bacteria. CONCLUSIONS We obtained a high-affinity aptamer for H pylori, which is expected to serve as a new molecular probe for detection of H pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang, China.,College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lide Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang, China.,College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang, China.,College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mingcan Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang, China.,College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang, China.,College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang, China.,College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
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