1
|
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies detected an inverse relationship between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), identifying HDL-C as a major risk factor for ASCVD and suggesting atheroprotective functions of HDL. However, the role of HDL-C as a mediator of risk for ASCVD has been called into question by the failure of HDL-C-raising drugs to reduce cardiovascular events in clinical trials. Progress in understanding the heterogeneous nature of HDL particles in terms of their protein, lipid, and small RNA composition has contributed to the realization that HDL-C levels do not necessarily reflect HDL function. The most examined atheroprotective function of HDL is reverse cholesterol transport, whereby HDL removes cholesterol from plaque macrophage foam cells and delivers it to the liver for processing and excretion into bile. Indeed, in several studies, HDL has shown inverse associations between HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and ASCVD in humans. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque formation, and a fundamental function of HDL is suppression of inflammatory signaling in macrophages and other cells. Oxidation is also a critical process to ASCVD in promoting atherogenic oxidative modifications of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and cellular inflammation. HDL and its proteins including apoAI (apolipoprotein AI) and PON1 (paraoxonase 1) prevent cellular oxidative stress and LDL modifications. Importantly, HDL in humans with ASCVD is oxidatively modified rendering HDL dysfunctional and proinflammatory. Modification of HDL with reactive carbonyl species, such as malondialdehyde and isolevuglandins, dramatically impairs the antiatherogenic functions of HDL. Importantly, treatment of murine models of atherosclerosis with scavengers of reactive dicarbonyls improves HDL function and reduces systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis development, and features of plaque instability. Here, we discuss the HDL antiatherogenic functions in relation to oxidative modifications and the potential of reactive dicarbonyl scavengers as a therapeutic approach for ASCVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MacRae F. Linton
- 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Patricia G. Yancey
- 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Huan Tao
- 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sean S. Davies
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biomarkers of oxidative stress and reproductive complications. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 113:157-233. [PMID: 36858646 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The assessment of biological redox status is performed by the use of oxidative stress biomarkers. An oxidative stress biomarker is defined as any physical structure or process or chemical compound that can be assessed in a living being (in vivo) or in solid or fluid parts thereof (in vitro), the determination of which is a reproducible and reliable indicator of oxidative stress. The use of oxidative stress biomarkers allows early identification of the risk of developing diseases associated with this process and also opens up possibilities for new treatments. At the end of the last century, interest in oxidative stress biomarkers began to grow, due to evidence of the association between the generation of free radicals and various pathologies. Up to now, a significant number of studies have been carried out to identify and apply different oxidative stress biomarkers in clinical practice. Among the most important oxidative stress biomarkers, it can be mentioned the products of oxidative modifications of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and uric acid as well as the measurement of the total antioxidant capacity of fluids in the human body. In this review, we aim to present recent advances and current knowledge on the main biomarkers of oxidative stress, including the discovery of new biomarkers, with emphasis on the various reproductive complications associated with variations in oxidative stress levels.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kornej J, Qadan MA, Alotaibi M, Van Wagoner DR, Watrous JD, Trinquart L, Preis SR, Ko D, Jain M, Benjamin EJ, Cheng S, Lin H. The association between eicosanoids and incident atrial fibrillation in the Framingham Heart Study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20218. [PMID: 36418854 PMCID: PMC9684401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a continuous low-grade activation of the systemic immune response. Whereas downstream inflammatory markers are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), upstream inflammatory effectors including eicosanoids are less studied. To examine the association between eicosanoids and incident AF. We used a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the non-targeted measurement of 161 eicosanoids and eicosanoid-related metabolites in the Framingham Heart Study. The association of each eicosanoid and incident AF was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for AF risk factors, including age, sex, height, weight, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, current smoking, antihypertensive medication, diabetes, history of myocardial infarction and heart failure. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to adjust for multiple testing. Eicosanoids with FDR < 0.05 were considered significant. In total, 2676 AF-free individuals (mean age 66 ± 9 years, 56% females) were followed for mean 10.8 ± 3.4 years; 351 participants developed incident AF. Six eicosanoids were associated with incident AF after adjusting for multiple testing (FDR < 0.05). A joint score was built from the top eicosanoids weighted by their effect sizes, which was associated with incident AF (HR = 2.72, CI = 1.71-4.31, P = 2.1 × 10-5). In conclusion, six eicosanoids were associated with incident AF after adjusting for clinical risk factors for AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kornej
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. .,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Maha A. Qadan
- grid.239578.20000 0001 0675 4725Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - David R. Van Wagoner
- grid.239578.20000 0001 0675 4725Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Jeramie D. Watrous
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sarah R. Preis
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Darae Ko
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- grid.512369.aDepartment of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.168645.80000 0001 0742 0364Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhong J, Yang HC, Shelton EL, Matsusaka T, Clark AJ, Yermalitsky V, Mashhadi Z, May-Zhang LS, Linton MF, Fogo AB, Kirabo A, Davies SS, Kon V. Dicarbonyl-modified lipoproteins contribute to proteinuric kidney injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161878. [PMID: 36125905 PMCID: PMC9675465 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein modification by reactive dicarbonyls, including isolevuglandin (IsoLG), produces dysfunctional particles. Kidneys participate in lipoprotein metabolism, including tubular uptake. However, the process beyond the proximal tubule is unclear, as is the effect of kidney injury on this pathway. We found that patients and animals with proteinuric injury have increased urinary apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), IsoLG, and IsoLG adduct enrichment of the urinary apoAI fraction compared with other proteins. Proteinuric mice, induced by podocyte-specific injury, showed more tubular absorption of IsoLG-apoAI and increased expression of lipoprotein transporters in proximal tubular cells compared with uninjured animals. Renal lymph reflects composition of the interstitial compartment and showed increased apoAI and IsoLG in proteinuric animals, supporting a tubular cell-interstitium-lymph pathway for renal handling of lipoproteins. IsoLG-modified apoAI was not only a marker of renal injury but also directly damaged renal cells. IsoLG-apoAI increased inflammatory cytokines in cultured tubular epithelial cells (TECs), activated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and caused greater contractility of renal lymphatic vessels than unmodified apoAI. In vivo, inhibition of IsoLG by a dicarbonyl scavenger reduced both albuminuria and urinary apoAI and decreased TEC and LEC injury, lymphangiogenesis, and interstitial fibrosis. Our results indicate that IsoLG-modified apoAI is, to our knowledge, a novel pathogenic mediator and therapeutic target in kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics and,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Zahra Mashhadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology
| | | | | | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Pediatrics and,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, and
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patrick DM, de la Visitación N, Krishnan J, Chen W, Ormseth MJ, Stein CM, Davies SS, Amarnath V, Crofford LJ, Williams JM, Zhao S, Smart CD, Dikalov S, Dikalova A, Xiao L, Van Beusecum JP, Ao M, Fogo AB, Kirabo A, Harrison DG. Isolevuglandins disrupt PU.1-mediated C1q expression and promote autoimmunity and hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e136678. [PMID: 35608913 PMCID: PMC9310530 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a mechanism responsible for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In humans with SLE and in 2 SLE murine models, there was marked enrichment of isolevuglandin-adducted proteins (isoLG adducts) in monocytes and dendritic cells. We found that antibodies formed against isoLG adducts in both SLE-prone mice and humans with SLE. In addition, isoLG ligation of the transcription factor PU.1 at a critical DNA binding site markedly reduced transcription of all C1q subunits. Treatment of SLE-prone mice with the specific isoLG scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) ameliorated parameters of autoimmunity, including plasma cell expansion, circulating IgG levels, and anti-dsDNA antibody titers. 2-HOBA also lowered blood pressure, attenuated renal injury, and reduced inflammatory gene expression uniquely in C1q-expressing dendritic cells. Thus, isoLG adducts play an essential role in the genesis and maintenance of systemic autoimmunity and hypertension in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Patrick
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Néstor de la Visitación
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
| | - Michelle J. Ormseth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Shilin Zhao
- Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles D. Smart
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | | | | | | | - Justin P. Van Beusecum
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center and
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Demasi M, Augusto O, Bechara EJH, Bicev RN, Cerqueira FM, da Cunha FM, Denicola A, Gomes F, Miyamoto S, Netto LES, Randall LM, Stevani CV, Thomson L. Oxidative Modification of Proteins: From Damage to Catalysis, Signaling, and Beyond. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1016-1080. [PMID: 33726509 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The systematic investigation of oxidative modification of proteins by reactive oxygen species started in 1980. Later, it was shown that reactive nitrogen species could also modify proteins. Some protein oxidative modifications promote loss of protein function, cleavage or aggregation, and some result in proteo-toxicity and cellular homeostasis disruption. Recent Advances: Previously, protein oxidation was associated exclusively to damage. However, not all oxidative modifications are necessarily associated with damage, as with Met and Cys protein residue oxidation. In these cases, redox state changes can alter protein structure, catalytic function, and signaling processes in response to metabolic and/or environmental alterations. This review aims to integrate the present knowledge on redox modifications of proteins with their fate and role in redox signaling and human pathological conditions. Critical Issues: It is hypothesized that protein oxidation participates in the development and progression of many pathological conditions. However, no quantitative data have been correlated with specific oxidized proteins or the progression or severity of pathological conditions. Hence, the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying these modifications, their importance in human pathologies, and the fate of the modified proteins is of clinical relevance. Future Directions: We discuss new tools to cope with protein oxidation and suggest new approaches for integrating knowledge about protein oxidation and redox processes with human pathophysiological conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1016-1080.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N Bicev
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Cerqueira
- CENTD, Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lía M Randall
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhong J, Yang HC, Yermalitsky V, Shelton EL, Otsuka T, Wiese CB, May-Zhang LS, Banan B, Abumrad N, Huang J, Cavnar AB, Kirabo A, Yancey PG, Fogo AB, Vickers KC, Linton MF, Davies SS, Kon V. Kidney injury-mediated disruption of intestinal lymphatics involves dicarbonyl-modified lipoproteins. Kidney Int 2021; 100:585-596. [PMID: 34102217 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease affects intestinal structure and function. Although intestinal lymphatics are central in absorption and remodeling of dietary and synthesized lipids/lipoproteins, little is known about how kidney injury impacts the intestinal lymphatic network, or lipoproteins transported therein. To study this, we used puromycin aminoglycoside-treated rats and NEP25 transgenic mice to show that proteinuric injury expanded the intestinal lymphatic network, activated lymphatic endothelial cells and increased mesenteric lymph flow. The lymph was found to contain increased levels of cytokines, immune cells, and isolevuglandin (a highly reactive dicarbonyl) and to have a greater output of apolipoprotein AI. Plasma levels of cytokines and isolevuglandin were not changed. However, isolevuglandin was also increased in the ileum of proteinuric animals, and intestinal epithelial cells exposed to myeloperoxidase produced more isolevuglandin. Apolipoprotein AI modified by isolevuglandin directly increased lymphatic vessel contractions, activated lymphatic endothelial cells, and enhanced the secretion of the lymphangiogenic promoter vascular endothelial growth factor-C by macrophages. Inhibition of isolevuglandin synthesis by a carbonyl scavenger reduced intestinal isolevuglandin adduct level and lymphangiogenesis. Thus, our data reveal a novel mediator, isolevuglandin modified apolipoprotein AI, and uncover intestinal lymphatic network structure and activity as a new pathway in the crosstalk between kidney and intestine that may contribute to the adverse impact of kidney disease on other organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Valery Yermalitsky
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elaine L Shelton
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tadashi Otsuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carrie B Wiese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Linda S May-Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Babak Banan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Naji Abumrad
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashley B Cavnar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean S Davies
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aschner M, Nguyen TT, Sinitskii AI, Santamaría A, Bornhorst J, Ajsuvakova OP, da Rocha JBT, Skalny AV, Tinkov AA. Isolevuglandins (isoLGs) as toxic lipid peroxidation byproducts and their pathogenetic role in human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:266-273. [PMID: 33099003 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation results in generation of a variety of lipid hydroperoxides and other highly reactive species that covalently modify proteins, nucleic acids, and other lipids, thus resulting in lipotoxicity. Although biological relevance of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) is well studied, the existing data on the role of isolevuglandins (isoLGs) in pathology are insufficient. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to review the existing data on biological effects of isoLG and isoLG adducts and their role in multiple diseases. Sixty four highly reactive levuglandin-like γ-ketoaldehyde (γ-KA, or isoketals, IsoK, or isolevuglandins, IsoLG) regio- and stereo-isomers are formed as products of arachidonic acid oxidation. IsoLGs react covalently with lysyl residues of proteins to form a stable adduct and intramolecular aminal, bispyrrole, and trispyrrole cross-links. Phosphatidylethanolamine was also shown to be the target for isoLG binding as compared to proteins and DNA. Free IsoLGs are not detectable in vivo, although isolevuglandin adduction to amino acid residues of particular proteins may be evaluated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Adducts formed were shown to play a significant role in the development and maintenance of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. These, and more specific molecular pathways, link isoLG and isoLG-adduct formation to develop a variety of pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure), obesity and diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, eye diseases (retinal degeneration and glaucoma), as well as ageing. Hypothetically, isoLGs and isoLG adduct formation may be considered as the potential target for treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | | | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scavenging of reactive dicarbonyls with 2-hydroxybenzylamine reduces atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic Ldlr -/- mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4084. [PMID: 32796843 PMCID: PMC7429830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation generates reactive dicarbonyls including isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) that covalently modify proteins. Humans with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have increased lipoprotein dicarbonyl adducts and dysfunctional HDL. We investigate the impact of the dicarbonyl scavenger, 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) on HDL function and atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice, a model of FH. Compared to hypercholesterolemic Ldlr−/− mice treated with vehicle or 4-HOBA, a nonreactive analogue, 2-HOBA decreases atherosclerosis by 60% in en face aortas, without changing plasma cholesterol. Ldlr−/− mice treated with 2-HOBA have reduced MDA-LDL and MDA-HDL levels, and their HDL display increased capacity to reduce macrophage cholesterol. Importantly, 2-HOBA reduces the MDA- and IsoLG-lysyl content in atherosclerotic aortas versus 4-HOBA. Furthermore, 2-HOBA reduces inflammation and plaque apoptotic cells and promotes efferocytosis and features of stable plaques. Dicarbonyl scavenging with 2-HOBA has multiple atheroprotective effects in a murine FH model, supporting its potential as a therapeutic approach for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hypercholesterolemia is associated with lipid peroxidation induced reactive dicarbonyl adducts. Here the authors show that the dicarbonyl scavenger, 2-hydroxybenzylamine(2-HOBA), decreases reactive dicarbonyl modifications of LDL and HDL, improves HDL function, reduces atherosclerosis and promotes features of stable plaques in a mouse model of hypercholestrolemia.
Collapse
|
10
|
May-Zhang LS, Yermalitsky V, Melchior JT, Morris J, Tallman KA, Borja MS, Pleasent T, Amarnath V, Song W, Yancey PG, Davidson WS, Linton MF, Davies SS. Modified sites and functional consequences of 4-oxo-2-nonenal adducts in HDL that are elevated in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19022-19033. [PMID: 31666337 PMCID: PMC6916491 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid aldehyde 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) is a highly reactive protein crosslinker derived from peroxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and generated together with 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Lipid peroxidation product-mediated crosslinking of proteins in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) causes HDL dysfunction and contributes to atherogenesis. Although HNE is relatively well-studied, the role of ONE in atherosclerosis and in modifying HDL is unknown. Here, we found that individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) had significantly higher ONE-ketoamide (lysine) adducts in HDL (54.6 ± 33.8 pmol/mg) than healthy controls (15.3 ± 5.6 pmol/mg). ONE crosslinked apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) on HDL at a concentration of > 3 mol ONE per 10 mol apoA-I (0.3 eq), which was 100-fold lower than HNE, but comparable to the potent protein crosslinker isolevuglandin. ONE-modified HDL partially inhibited HDL's ability to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression in murine macrophages. At 3 eq, ONE dramatically decreased apoA-I exchange from HDL, from ∼46.5 to ∼18.4% (p < 0.001). Surprisingly, ONE modification of HDL or apoA-I did not alter macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that Lys-12, Lys-23, Lys-96, and Lys-226 in apoA-I are modified by ONE ketoamide adducts. Compared with other dicarbonyl scavengers, pentylpyridoxamine (PPM) most efficaciously blocked ONE-induced protein crosslinking in HDL and also prevented HDL dysfunction in an in vitro model of inflammation. Our findings show that ONE-HDL adducts cause HDL dysfunction and are elevated in individuals with FH who have severe hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda S May-Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Valery Yermalitsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - John T Melchior
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - Jamie Morris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - Keri A Tallman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Mark S Borja
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University East Bay, Hayward, California 94542
| | - Tiffany Pleasent
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Wenliang Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Davies SS, May-Zhang LS, Boutaud O, Amarnath V, Kirabo A, Harrison DG. Isolevuglandins as mediators of disease and the development of dicarbonyl scavengers as pharmaceutical interventions. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 205:107418. [PMID: 31629006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Products of lipid peroxidation include a number of reactive lipid aldehydes such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, 4-oxo-nonenal, and isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). Although these all contribute to disease processes, the most reactive are the IsoLGs, which rapidly adduct to lysine and other cellular primary amines, leading to changes in protein function, cross-linking and immunogenicity. Their rapid reactivity means that only IsoLG adducts, and not the unreacted aldehyde, can be readily measured. This high reactivity also makes it challenging for standard cellular defense mechanisms such as aldehyde reductases and oxidases to dispose of them before they react with proteins and other cellular amines. This led us to seek small molecule primary amines that might trap and inactivate IsoLGs before they could modify cellular proteins or other endogenous cellular amines such as phosphatidylethanolamines to cause disease. Our studies identified 2-aminomethylphenols including 2-hydroxybenzylamine as IsoLG scavengers. Subsequent studies showed that they also trap other lipid dicarbonyls that react with primary amines such as 4-oxo-nonenal and malondialdehyde, but not hydroxyalkenals like 4-hydroxy-nonenal that preferentially react with soft nucleophiles. This review describes the use of these 2-aminomethylphenols as dicarbonyl scavengers to assess the contribution of IsoLGs and other amine-reactive lipid dicarbonyls to disease and as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Linda S May-Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|