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Gonzalez Porras MA, Gransee HM, Denton TT, Shen D, Webb KL, Brinker CJ, Noureddine A, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. CTB-targeted protocells enhance ability of lanthionine ketenamine analogs to induce autophagy in motor neuron-like cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2581. [PMID: 36781993 PMCID: PMC9925763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired autophagy, a cellular digestion process that eliminates proteins and damaged organelles, has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including motor neuron disorders. Motor neuron targeted upregulation of autophagy may serve as a promising therapeutic approach. Lanthionine ketenamine (LK), an amino acid metabolite found in mammalian brain tissue, activates autophagy in neuronal cell lines. We hypothesized that analogs of LK can be targeted to motor neurons using nanoparticles to improve autophagy flux. Using a mouse motor neuron-like hybrid cell line (NSC-34), we tested the effect of three different LK analogs on autophagy modulation, either alone or loaded in nanoparticles. For fluorescence visualization of autophagy flux, we used a mCherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid reporter. We also evaluated protein expression changes in LC3-II/LC3-I ratio obtained by western blot, as well as presence of autophagic vacuoles per cell obtained by electron microscopy. Delivering LK analogs with targeted nanoparticles significantly enhanced autophagy flux in differentiated motor neuron-like cells compared to LK analogs alone, suggesting the need of a delivery vehicle to enhance their efficacy. In conclusion, LK analogs loaded in nanoparticles targeting motor neurons constitute a promising treatment option to induce autophagy flux, which may serve to mitigate motor neuron degeneration/loss and preserve motor function in motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Heather M Gransee
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd, College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dunxin Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kevin L Webb
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Achraf Noureddine
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- MB2-758, St Mary's Hospital, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Morewood R, Nitsche C. Bioinspired peptide stapling generates stable enzyme inhibitors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10817-10820. [PMID: 36069401 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stapling of peptides renders them better drug candidates. We report a new peptide staple resembling the natural metabolite lanthionine ketenamine. The strategy is orthogonal to canonical amino acids, proceeds in water and allows for tailored linkers. We applied the approach to the identification of cyclic peptide inhibitiors of the Zika virus protease. The right linker length of the peptide staple proved crucial for maximising activity. The best stapled peptide showed one order of magnitude stronger enzyme inhibition than its linear analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morewood
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Yang J, Wang G, Chen S, Ma B, Zhou H, Song M, Liu C, Huo C. Catalyst-free, visible-light-promoted S-H insertion reaction between thiols and α-diazoesters. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9494-9498. [PMID: 33180081 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted S-H insertion reaction between thiols and α-diazoesters was developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly at room temperature with a broad substrate scope, affording various thioethers in moderate to excellent yields. The catalyst- and additive-free nature, sustainable energy source and mild reaction conditions make this strategy more eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Ganggang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Shuwen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Ben Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China. and College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Menghui Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Cai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Congde Huo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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