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Danylovych Y, Danylovych H, Kosterin S. POSSIBLE IMPORTANCE OF ADENYLATE CYCLASE SIGNALING PATHWAY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF NITRIC OXIDE BY MYOMETRIUM MITOCHONDRIA. FIZIOLOHICHNYĬ ZHURNAL 2022; 68:33-39. [DOI: 10.15407/fz68.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
NO synthase activity (mtNOS) in uterine smooth muscle mitochondria under the action of the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling system modulators was studied. The experiments were performed on isolated mitochondria from rat myometrium using the NO-sensitive fluorescent probe DAF-FM-DA. NO synthesis in mitochondria was increased by adenylate cyclase activators NaHCO3 (30 mM) and forskolin (10 μM), as well as phosphodiesterase inhibitor caffeine (1 mM). The addition of ATP (0.5-5 mM) caused a slight increase in nitric oxide synthesis. The effect of ATP was enhanced in the presence of NaHCO3 and caffeine. The intensity of NO formation in mitochondria decreased by approximately 50 % in the case of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by the compound KH7 (25 μM). In the presence of the protein kinase A inhibitor PKI (10 nM) NO synthesis in mitochondria was also significantly reduced. When the constitutive NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 μM) was introduced into the incubation medium, the stimulating effect of the studied compounds on NO synthesis in mitochondria was not observed. These data suggests a possible dependence of mtNOS function on the activity of the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling system in smooth muscle mitochondria.
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Changes in synaptic proteins of the complex PSD-95/NMDA receptor/nNOS and mitochondrial dysfunction after levocabastine treatment. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105100. [PMID: 34139299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide generation is related to the activity of certain proteins located at synaptic sites. Previous findings show that NOS activity, nNOS protein expression, respiratory parameters and mitochondrial complex activities are altered in rat cerebral cortex by administration of levocabastine, an antagonist of histamine H1 and neurotensin NTS2 receptors. ATP provision by mitochondria may play an important role in the functional interaction between synaptic proteins NMDA receptor and PSD-95 with NO synthesis. In this context, our purpose was to evaluate the effect of levocabastine administration on protein expression of PSD-95, GluN2B and iNOS, as well as on mitochondrial ATP production. Male Wistar rats received a single (i.p.) dose of levocabastine (50 μg/kg) or saline solution (controls) and were decapitated 18 h later. Mitochondrial and synaptosomal membrane fractions were isolated from cerebral cortex by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Expression of synaptic proteins was evaluated by Western blot assays in synaptosomal membrane fractions. Oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production rate were determined in fresh crude mitochondrial fractions. After levocabastine treatment, protein expression of PSD-95, GluN2B and β-actin decreased 97, 45 and 55%, respectively, whereas that of iNOS enhanced 3.5-fold versus controls. In crude mitochondrial fractions levocabastine administration reduced roughly 15% respiratory control rate as assayed with malate-glutamate or succinate as substrates, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (21%), and ATP production rates (57%). Results suggested that levocabastine administration induces alterations in synaptic proteins of the protein complex PSD-95/NMDA receptor/nNOS and in neuron cytoskeleton. Mitochondrial bioenergetics impairment may play a role in the functional link between synaptic proteins and NO synthesis.
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Karadayian AG, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Alcohol hangover induces nitric oxide metabolism changes by impairing NMDA receptor-PSD95-nNOS pathway. Nitric Oxide 2021; 113-114:39-49. [PMID: 33962017 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol hangover is defined as the combination of mental and physical symptoms experienced the day after a single episode of heavy drinking, starting when blood alcohol concentration approaches zero. We previously evidenced increments in free radical generation and an imbalance in antioxidant defences in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes during hangover. It is widely known that acute alcohol exposure induces changes in nitric oxide (NO) production and blocks the binding of glutamate to NMDAR in central nervous system. Our aim was to evaluate the residual effect of acute ethanol exposure (hangover) on NO metabolism and the role of NMDA receptor-PSD95-nNOS pathway in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes from mouse brain cortex. Results obtained for the synaptosomes fraction showed a 37% decrease in NO total content, a 36% decrease in NOS activity and a 19% decrease in nNOS protein expression. The in vitro addition of glutamate to synaptosomes produced a concentration-dependent enhancement of NO production which was significantly lower in samples from hangover mice than in controls for all the glutamate concentrations tested. A similar patter of response was observed for nNOS activity being decreased both in basal conditions and after glutamate addition. In addition, synaptosomes exhibited a 64% and 15% reduction in NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B and PSD-95 protein expression, respectively. Together with this, glutamate-induced calcium entry was significant decreased in synaptosomes from alcohol-treated mice. On the other hand, in non-synaptic mitochondria, no significant differences were observed in NO content, NOS activity or nNOS protein expression. The expression of iNOS remained unaltered in synaptosomes and non-synaptic mitochondria. Here we demonstrated that hangover effects on NO metabolism are strongly evidenced in synaptosomes probably due to a disruption in NMDAR/PSD-95/nNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía G Karadayian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juanita Bustamante
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias de La Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sakamuri SSVP, Sperling JA, Evans WR, Dholakia MH, Albuck AL, Sure VN, Satou R, Mostany R, Katakam PVG. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors negatively regulate respiration in isolated rodent cardiac and brain mitochondria. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H295-H300. [PMID: 31922888 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00720.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to exert inhibitory control on mitochondrial respiration in the heart and brain. Evidence supports the presence of NO synthase (NOS) in the mitochondria (mtNOS) of cells; however, the functional role of mtNOS in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration is unclear. Our objective was to examine the effect of NOS inhibitors on mitochondrial respiration and protein S-nitrosylation. Freshly isolated cardiac and brain nonsynaptosomal mitochondria were incubated with selective inhibitors of neuronal (nNOS; ARL-17477, 1 µmol/L) or endothelial [eNOS; N5-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine, NIO, 1 µmol/L] NOS isoforms. Mitochondrial respiratory parameters were calculated from the oxygen consumption rates measured using Agilent Seahorse XFe24 analyzer. Expression of NOS isoforms in the mitochondria was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. In addition, we determined the protein S-nitrosylation by biotin-switch method followed by immunoblotting. nNOS inhibitor decreased the state IIIu respiration in cardiac mitochondria and both state III and state IIIu respiration in brain mitochondria. In contrast, eNOS inhibitor had no effect on the respiration in the mitochondria from both heart and brain. Interestingly, NOS inhibitors reduced the levels of protein S-nitrosylation only in brain mitochondria, but nNOS and eNOS immunoreactivity was observed in the cardiac and brain mitochondrial lysates. Thus, the effects of NOS inhibitors on S-nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial respiration confirm the existence of functionally active NOS isoforms in the mitochondria. Notably, our study presents first evidence of the positive regulation of mitochondrial respiration by mitochondrial nNOS contrary to the current dogma representing the inhibitory role attributed to NOS isoforms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Existence and the role of nitric oxide synthases in the mitochondria are controversial. We report for the first time that mitochondrial nNOS positively regulates respiration in isolated heart and brain mitochondria, thus challenging the existing dogma that NO is inhibitory to mitochondrial respiration. We have also demonstrated reduced protein S-nitrosylation by NOS inhibition in isolated mitochondria, supporting the presence of functional mitochondrial NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jared A Sperling
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wesley R Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Monica H Dholakia
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Aaron L Albuck
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Venkata N Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Danylovych HV, Danylovych YV, Bohach TV, Hurska VT, Kosterin SO. Sources and regulation of nitric oxide synthesis in uterus smooth muscle cells. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Karadayian AG, Lombardi P, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Alcohol hangover effects on brain cortex non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes bioenergetics. Alcohol 2019; 77:113-123. [PMID: 30385200 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol hangover (AH) has been associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We herein postulate that AH-induced mitochondrial alterations can be due to a different pattern of response in synaptosomes and non-synaptic (NS) mitochondria. Mice received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of ethanol (3.8 g/kg) or saline and were sacrificed 6 h afterward. Brain cortex NS mitochondria and synaptosomes were isolated by Ficoll gradient. Oxygen consumption rates were measured in NS mitochondria and synaptosomes by high-resolution respirometry. Results showed that NS-synaptic mitochondria from AH animals presented a 26% decrease in malate-glutamate state 3 respiration, a 64% reduction in ATP content, 28-37% decrements in ATP production rates (malate-glutamate or succinate-dependent, respectively), and 44% inhibition in complex IV activity. No changes were observed in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ) or in UCP-2 expression in NS-mitochondria. Synaptosome respiration driving proton leak (in the presence of oligomycin), and spare respiratory capacity (percentage ratio between maximum and basal respiration) were 30% and 15% increased in hangover condition, respectively. Synaptosomal ATP content was 26% decreased, and ATP production rates were 40-55% decreased (malate-glutamate or succinate-dependent, respectively) in AH mice. In addition, a 24% decrease in ΔΨ and a 21% increase in UCP-2 protein expression were observed in synaptosomes from AH mice. Moreover, mitochondrial respiratory complexes I-III, II-III, and IV activities measured in synaptosomes from AH mice were decreased by 18%, 34%, and 50%, respectively. Results of this study reveal that alterations in bioenergetics status during AH could be mainly due to changes in mitochondrial function at the level of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía G Karadayian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulina Lombardi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juanita Bustamante
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lores-Arnaiz S, Lombardi P, Karadayian A, Cutrera R, Bustamante J. Changes in motor function and brain cortex mitochondrial active oxygen species production in aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 118:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
This study was aimed to study the potentially beneficial effects of agmatine on oxidative/nitrosative stress development in the brain of Wistar rats during subacute chlorpromazine treatment. The animals were divided into control (0.9% saline), chlorpromazine (38.7 mg/kg b.w.), chlorpromazine+agmatine (agmatine 75 mg/kg b.w. immediately after chlorpromazine, 38.7 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and agmatine (75 mg/kg b.w.) groups. All the tested substances were administered intraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days and the rats were sacrificed by decapitation on day 15. Subacute administration of chlorpromazine resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide concentration and superoxide anion production, while completely damaging the antioxidant defence system in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. However, the combined treatment with chlorpromazine and agmatine significantly attenuated the oxidative/nitrosative stress indices and restored the antioxidant capacity to the control values in all of the examined brain regions. Western blot analysis supported biochemical findings in all groups, but the most notable changes were found in the hippocampus. Our results suggest potentially beneficial effects of agmatine, which may be useful in the modified antioxidant approach in chlorpromazine-therapy.
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B Valdez L, S Bombicino S, E Iglesias D, Rukavina Mikusic A I, Boveris A. Mitochondrial peroxynitrite generation is mainly driven by superoxide steady-state concentration rather than by nitric oxide steady-state concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xu F, Qiao S, Li H, Deng Y, Wang C, An J. The Effect of Mitochondrial Complex I-Linked Respiration by Isoflurane Is Independent of Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide Production. Cardiorenal Med 2018; 8:113-122. [PMID: 29617003 DOI: 10.1159/000485936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthetic preconditioning (APC) of the myocardium is mediated in part by reversible alteration of mitochondrial function. Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may mediate APC-induced cardioprotection. In this study, the effects of isoflurane on different states of mitochondrial respiration during the oxidation of complex I-linked substrates and the role of NO were investigated. METHODS Mitochondria were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat hearts. Respiration rates were measured polarographically at 28ºC with a computer-controlled Clark-type O2 electrode in the mitochondria (0.5 mg/mL) with complex I substrates glutamate/malate (5 mM). Isoflurane (0.25 mM) was administered before or after adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-initiated state 3 respiration. The NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-N5-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine (L-NIO, 10 μM) and the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 1 μM) were added before or after the addition of ADP. RESULTS Isoflurane administered in state 2 increased state 2 respiration and decreased state 3 respiration. This attenuation of state 3 respiration by isoflurane was similar when it was given during state 3. L-NIO did not alter mitochondrial respiration or the effect of isoflurane. SNAP only, added in state 3, decreased state 3 respiration and enhanced the isoflurane-induced attenuation of state 3 respiration. CONCLUSION Isoflurane has clearly distinguishable effects on different states of mitochondrial respiration during the oxidation of complex I substrates. The uncoupling effect during state 2 respiration and the attenuation of state 3 respiration may contribute to the mechanism of APC-induced cardioprotection. These effects of isoflurane do not depend on endogenous mitochondrial NO, as the NOS inhibitor L-NIO did not alter the effects of isoflurane on mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqi Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Hospital (West District) Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Hospital (West District) Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong An
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Hospital (West District) Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
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Advantages of the Alpha-lipoic Acid Association with Chlorpromazine in a Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Ketamine in Rats: Behavioral and Oxidative Stress evidences. Neuroscience 2018; 373:72-81. [PMID: 29337238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder reported to compromise about 1% of the world's population. Although its pathophysiological process is not completely elucidated, evidence showing the presence of an oxidative imbalance has been increasingly highlighted in the literature. Thus, the use of antioxidant substances may be of importance for schizophrenia treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and oxidative alterations by the combination of chlorpromazine (CP) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a potent antioxidant, in the ketamine (KET) model of schizophrenia in rats. Male Wistar rats (200-300 g) were treated for 10 days with saline, CP or ALA alone or in combination with CP previous to KET and the behavioral (open field, Y-maze and PPI tests) and oxidative tests were performed on the last day of treatment. The results showed that KET induced hyperlocomotion, impaired working memory and decreased PPI. CP alone or in combination with ALA prevented KET-induced behavioral effects. In addition, the administration of KET decreased GSH and increased nitrite, lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity. CP alone or combined with ALA prevented the oxidative alterations induced by KET. In conclusion, the treatment with KET in rats induced behavioral impairments accompanied by hippocampal oxidative alterations, possibly related to NMDA receptors hypofunction. Besides that, CP alone or combined with ALA prevented these effects, showing a beneficial activity as antipsychotic agents.
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Lores-Arnaiz S, Karadayian AG, Gutnisky A, Rodríguez de Lores Arnaiz G. The low affinity neurotensin receptor antagonist levocabastine impairs brain nitric oxide synthesis and mitochondrial function by independent mechanisms. J Neurochem 2017; 143:684-696. [PMID: 28975622 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurotensin is known to inhibit neuronal Na+ , K+ -ATPase, an effect that is rescued by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition. However, whether the neurotensinergic and the nitrergic systems are independent pathways, or are mechanistically linked, remains unknown. Here, we addressed this issue and found that the administration of low affinity neurotensin receptor (NTS2) antagonist, levocabastine (50 μg/kg, i.p.) inhibited NO synthase (NOS) activity by 74 and 42% after 18 h in synaptosomal and mitochondrial fractions isolated from the Wistar rat cerebral cortex, respectively; these effects disappeared 36 h after levocabastine treatment. Intriguingly, whereas neuronal NOS protein abundance decreased (by 56%) in synaptosomes membranes, it was enhanced (by 86%) in mitochondria 18 h after levocabastine administration. Levocabastine enhanced the respiratory rate of synaptosomes in the presence of oligomycin, but it failed to alter the spare respiratory capacity; furthermore, the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes I-IV activities were severely diminished by levocabastine administration. The inhibition of NOS and MRC complexes activities were also observed after incubation of synaptosomes and mitochondria with levocabastine (1 μM) in vitro. These data indicate that the NTS2 antagonist levocabastine regulates NOS expression and activity at the synapse, suggesting an interrelationship between the neurotensinergic and the nitrergic systems. However, the bioenergetics effects of NTS2 activity inhibition are likely to be independent from the regulation of NO synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía G Karadayian
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Gutnisky
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Rodríguez de Lores Arnaiz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Karadayian AG, Malanga G, Czerniczyniec A, Lombardi P, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Free radical production and antioxidant status in brain cortex non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes at alcohol hangover onset. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:692-703. [PMID: 28450149 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol hangover (AH) is the pathophysiological state after a binge-like drinking. We have previously demonstrated that AH induced bioenergetics impairments in a total fresh mitochondrial fraction in brain cortex and cerebellum. The aim of this work was to determine free radical production and antioxidant systems in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes in control and hangover animals. Superoxide production was not modified in non-synaptic mitochondria while a 17.5% increase was observed in synaptosomes. A similar response was observed for cardiolipin content as no changes were evidenced in non-synaptic mitochondria while a 55% decrease in cardiolipin content was found in synaptosomes. Hydrogen peroxide production was 3-fold increased in non-synaptic mitochondria and 4-fold increased in synaptosomes. In the presence of deprenyl, synaptosomal H2O2 production was 67% decreased in the AH condition. Hydrogen peroxide generation was not affected by deprenyl addition in non-synaptic mitochondria from AH mice. MAO activity was 57% increased in non-synaptic mitochondria and 3-fold increased in synaptosomes. Catalase activity was 40% and 50% decreased in non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes, respectively. Superoxide dismutase was 60% decreased in non-synaptic mitochondria and 80% increased in synaptosomal fractions. On the other hand, GSH (glutathione) content was 43% and 17% decreased in synaptosomes and cytosol. GSH-related enzymes were mostly affected in synaptosomes fractions by AH condition. Acetylcholinesterase activity in synaptosomes was 11% increased due to AH. The present work reveals that AH provokes an imbalance in the cellular redox homeostasis mainly affecting mitochondria present in synaptic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía G Karadayian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Czerniczyniec
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulina Lombardi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juanita Bustamante
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bratislav D, Irena L, Milica N, Ivana S, Ana D, Sanda D, Ivana S. Effects of agmatine on chlorpromazine toxicity in the liver of Wistar rats: the possible role of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Exp Anim 2016; 66:17-27. [PMID: 27523096 PMCID: PMC5300998 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a member of a widely used class of antipsychotic agents. The
metabolic pathways of CPZ toxicity were examined by monitoring oxidative/nitrosative
stress markers. The aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis that agmatine (AGM)
prevents oxidative stress in the liver of Wistar rats 48 h after administration of CPZ.
All tested compounds were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in one single dose. The
animals were divided into control (C, 0.9% saline solution), CPZ (CPZ, 38.7 mg/kg b.w.),
CPZ+AGM (AGM, 75 mg/kg b.w. immediately after CPZ, 38.7 mg/kg b.w. i.p.), and AGM (AGM, 75
mg/kg b.w.) groups. Rats were sacrificed by decapitation 48 h after treatment. The CPZ and
CPZ+AGM treatments significantly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
(TBARS), the nitrite and nitrate (NO2+NO3) concentration, and
superoxide anion (O2•-) production in rat liver homogenates compared
with C values. CPZ injection decreased the capacity of the antioxidant defense system:
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, total glutathione (GSH)
content, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and glutathione reductase (GR) activity
compared with the values of the C group. However, treatment with AGM increased antioxidant
capacity in the rat liver; it increased the CAT activity, GSH concentration, GPx activity,
and GR activity compared with the values of the CPZ rats. Immunohistochemical staining of
ED1 in rats showed an increase in the number of positive cells 48 h after acute CPZ
administration compared with the C group. Our results showed that AGM has no protective
effects on parameters of oxidative and/or nitrosative stress in the liver but that it
absolutely protective effects on the antioxidant defense system and restores the
antioxidant capacity in liver tissue after administration of CPZ.
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Protective Effects of Agmatine against Chlorpromazine- Induced Toxicity in the Liver of Wistar Rats. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/afmnai-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe metabolic pathways of chlorpromazine (CPZ) toxicity were tracked by assessing oxidative/nitrosative stress markers. The main objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that agmatine (AGM) prevents oxidative/nitrosative stress in the liver of Wistar rats 15 days after administration of CPZ. All tested substances were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 15 consecutive days. The rats were divided into four groups: the control group (C, 0.9 % saline solution), the CPZ group (CPZ, 38.7 mg/kg b.w.), the CPZ+AGM group (AGM, 75 mg/kg b.w. immediately after CPZ, 38.7 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and the AGM group (AGM, 75 mg/kg b.w.).Rats were decapitated 15 days after the appropriate treatment. In the CPZ group, CPZ concentration was significantly increased compared to C values (p<0.01), while AGM treatment induced the significant decrease in CPZ concentration in the CPZ+AGM group (p<0.05) and the AGM group (p<0.01). CPZ application to healthy rats did not lead to any changes of lipid peroxidation in the liver compared to the C group, but AGM treatment decreased that parameter compared to the CPZ group (p<0.05). In CPZ liver homogenates, nitrite and nitrate concentrations were increased compared to controls (p<0.001), and AGM treatment diminished that parameter in the CPZ group (p<0.05), as well as in the AGM group (p<0.001). In CPZ animals, glutathione level and catalase activity were decreased in comparison with C values (p<0.01 respectively), but AGM treatment increased the activity of catalase in comparison with CPZ animals (p<0.05 respectively). Western blot analysis supported biochemical findings in all groups. Our results showed that treatment with AGM significantly supressed the oxidative/nitrosative stress parameters and restored antioxidant defense in rat liver.
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Lores-Arnaiz S, Lombardi P, Karadayian AG, Orgambide F, Cicerchia D, Bustamante J. Brain cortex mitochondrial bioenergetics in synaptosomes and non-synaptic mitochondria during aging. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:353-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Alcohol hangover induces mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical production in mouse cerebellum. Neuroscience 2015; 304:47-59. [PMID: 26192095 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol hangover (AH) is defined as the temporary state after alcohol binge-like drinking, starting when ethanol (EtOH) is absent in plasma. Previous data indicate that AH induces mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical production in mouse brain cortex. The aim of this work was to study mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species production in mouse cerebellum at the onset of AH. Male mice received a single i.p. injection of EtOH (3.8g/kg BW) or saline solution. Mitochondrial function was evaluated 6h after injection (AH onset). At the onset of AH, malate-glutamate and succinate-supported state 4 oxygen uptake was 2.3 and 1.9-fold increased leading to a reduction in respiratory control of 55% and 48% respectively, as compared with controls. Decreases of 38% and 16% were found in Complex I-III and IV activities. Complex II-III activity was not affected by AH. Mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability changes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability were decreased by AH in cerebellum mitochondria. Together with this, AH induced a 25% increase in superoxide anion and a 92% increase in hydrogen peroxide production in cerebellum mitochondria. Related to nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein expression was 52% decreased by the hangover condition compared with control group. No differences were found in cerebellum NO production between control and treated mice. The present work demonstrates that the physiopathological state of AH involves mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse cerebellum showing the long-lasting effects of acute EtOH exposure in the central nervous system.
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Karadayian AG, Bustamante J, Czerniczyniec A, Cutrera RA, Lores-Arnaiz S. Effect of melatonin on motor performance and brain cortex mitochondrial function during ethanol hangover. Neuroscience 2014; 269:281-9. [PMID: 24713372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial dysfunction occur during ethanol hangover. The aim of this work was to study the effect of melatonin pretreatment on motor performance and mitochondrial function during ethanol hangover. Male mice received melatonin solution or its vehicle in drinking water during 7 days and i.p. injection with EtOH (3.8 g/kg BW) or saline at the eighth day. Motor performance and mitochondrial function were evaluated at the onset of hangover (6h after injection). Melatonin improved motor coordination in ethanol hangover mice. Malate-glutamate-dependent oxygen uptake was decreased by ethanol hangover treatment and partially prevented by melatonin pretreatment. Melatonin alone induced a decrease of 30% in state 4 succinate-dependent respiratory rate. Also, the activity of the respiratory complexes was decreased in melatonin-pretreated ethanol hangover group. Melatonin pretreatment before the hangover prevented mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and induced a 79% decrement of hydrogen peroxide production as compared with ethanol hangover group. Ethanol hangover induced a 25% decrease in NO production. Melatonin alone and as a pretreatment before ethanol hangover significantly increased NO production by nNOS and iNOS as compared with control groups. No differences were observed in nNOS protein expression, while iNOS expression was increased in the melatonin group. Increased NO production by melatonin could be involved in the decrease of succinate-dependent oxygen consumption and the inhibition of complex IV observed in our study. Melatonin seems to act as an antioxidant agent in the ethanol hangover condition but also exhibited some dual effects related to NO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Karadayian
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Bustamante
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Czerniczyniec
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R A Cutrera
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología y Ritmos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Lores-Arnaiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Bustamante J, Czerniczyniec A, Aguilar de Plata AC, Lores-Arnaiz S. Effect of exercise training on eNOS expression, NO production and oxygen metabolism in human placenta. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80225. [PMID: 24244656 PMCID: PMC3828218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training during the second half of pregnancy on endothelial NOS expression (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO) production and oxygen metabolism in human placenta. Methods The study included 20 nulliparous in gestational week 16–20, attending prenatal care at three tertiary hospitals in Colombia who were randomly assigned into one of two groups: The exercise group (n = 10) took part in an exercise session three times a week for 12 weeks which consisted of: aerobic exercise at an intensity of 55–75% of their maximum heart rate for 60 min and 25 mins. Resistance exercise included 5 exercise groups circuit training (50 repetitions of each) using barbells (1–3 kg/exercise) and low-to-medium resistance bands. The control group (n = 10) undertook their usual physical activity. Mitochondrial and cytosol fractions were isolated from human placental tissue by differential centrifugation. A spectrophotometric assay was used to measure NO production in cytosolic samples from placental tissue and Western Blot technique to determine eNOS expression. Mitochondrial superoxide levels and hydrogen peroxide were measured to determine oxygen metabolism. Results Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training during pregnancy leads to a 2-fold increase in eNOS expression and 4-fold increase in NO production in placental cytosol (p = 0.05). Mitochondrial superoxide levels and hydrogen peroxide production rate were decreased by 8% and 37% respectively in the placental mitochondria of exercising women (p = 0.05). Conclusion Regular exercise training during the second half of pregnancy increases eNOS expression and NO production and decreases reactive oxygen species generation in human placenta. Collectively, these data demonstrate that chronic exercise increases eNOS/NO production, presumably by increasing endothelial shear stress. This adaptation may contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on the vascular and antioxidant system and in turn reduce the risk of preeclampsia, diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Juanita Bustamante
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Analia Czerniczyniec
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ana C. Aguilar de Plata
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Hroudová J, Fišar Z. In vitro inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory rate by antidepressants. Toxicol Lett 2012; 213:345-52. [PMID: 22842584 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent a possible drug target with unexplored therapeutic and toxicological potential. The possibility was suggested that antidepressants, mood stabilizers and other drugs may show some therapeutic and/or toxic effects through their action on mitochondrial functions. There are no sufficient data about the effect of these drugs on mitochondrial respiration in the brain. We investigated the in vitro effects of amitriptyline, fluoxetine, tianeptine, ketamine, lithium, valproate, olanzapine, chlorpromazine and propranolol on mitochondrial respiration in crude mitochondrial fractions of pig brains. Respiration was energized using substrates of complex I or complex II and dose dependent drug-induced changes in mitochondrial respiratory rate were measured by high-resolution respirometry. Antidepressants, but not mood stabilizers, ketamine and propranolol were found to inhibit mitochondrial respiratory rate. The effective dose of antidepressants reaching half the maximal respiratory rate was in the range of 0.07-0.46 mmol/L. Partial inhibition was found for all inhibitors. Differences between individual drugs with similar physicochemical properties indicate selectivity of drug-induced changes in mitochondrial respiratory rate. Our findings suggest that mood stabilizers do not interfere with brain mitochondrial respiration, whereas direct mitochondrial targeting is involved in mechanisms of action of pharmacologically different antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Endotoxemia impairs heart mitochondrial function by decreasing electron transfer, ATP synthesis and ATP content without affecting membrane potential. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 44:243-52. [PMID: 22426814 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute endotoxemia (LPS, 10 mg/kg ip, Sprague Dawley rats, 45 days old, 180 g) decreased the O₂ consumption of rat heart (1 mm³ tissue cubes) by 33% (from 4.69 to 3.11 μmol O₂/min. g tissue). Mitochondrial O₂ consumption and complex I activity were also decreased by 27% and 29%, respectively. Impaired respiration was associated to decreased ATP synthesis (from 417 to 168 nmol/min. mg protein) and ATP content (from 5.40 to 4.18 nmol ATP/mg protein), without affecting mitochondrial membrane potential. This scenario is accompanied by an increased production of O₂·⁻ and H₂O₂ due to complex I inhibition. The increased NO production, as shown by 38% increased mtNOS biochemical activity and 31% increased mtNOS functional activity, is expected to fuel an increased ONOO⁻ generation that is considered relevant in terms of the biochemical mechanism. Heart mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction with decreased O₂ uptake, ATP production and contents may indicate that preservation of mitochondrial function will prevent heart failure in endotoxemia.
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Lores-Arnaiz S, Bustamante J. Age-related alterations in mitochondrial physiological parameters and nitric oxide production in synaptic and non-synaptic brain cortex mitochondria. Neuroscience 2011; 188:117-24. [PMID: 21600964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in nitric oxide levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria to aging-dependent dysfunction. State 3 respiratory rate and respiratory control were 43% and 33% decreased, respectively in brain cortex synaptosomes from 14-month-old animals, as compared with synaptosomes from 3-month-old mice. Respiratory rates were not significantly affected by aging in non-synaptic mitochondrial fractions. Mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with increases of 84% and 38% in H₂O₂ production rates in brain cortex synaptosomes and non-synaptic mitochondria, respectively, from 14-month-old mice, as compared with young animals. Synaptic mitochondria seem to be more susceptible to calcium insult in 14-month-old mice, as compared with non-synaptic mitochondria, as measured by response of both types of fractions to calcium-induced depolarization. With aging, nitric oxide (NO) production was 44% and 27% decreased both in synaptosomal and non-synaptic mitochondrial fractions, respectively. The results of this study suggest that with aging, mitochondrial function at the nerve terminals would be more susceptible to suffer alterations by the constant calcium changes occurring as a consequence of synaptic activity. Non-synaptic mitochondria would be more resistant to age-related dysfunction and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lores-Arnaiz
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Ghosh Dey S, Dey A. NO and O2 reactivities of synthetic functional models of nitric oxide reductase and cytochrome c oxidase. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12633-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effects of rotenone and pyridaben on complex I electron transfer and on mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase functional activity. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2010; 42:405-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-010-9309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Suliman HB, Babiker A, Withers CM, Sweeney TE, Carraway MS, Tatro LG, Bartz RR, Welty-Wolf KE, Piantadosi CA. Nitric oxide synthase-2 regulates mitochondrial Hsp60 chaperone function during bacterial peritonitis in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:736-46. [PMID: 20043987 PMCID: PMC2842938 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) plays a critical role in reactive nitrogen species generation and cysteine modifications that influence mitochondrial function and signaling during inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of NOS2 in hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis during Escherichia coli peritonitis in mice. NOS2(-/-) mice displayed smaller mitochondrial biogenesis responses than Wt mice during E. coli infection according to differences in mRNA levels for the PGC-1 alpha coactivator, nuclear respiratory factor-1, mitochondrial transcription factor-A (Tfam), and mtDNA polymerase (Pol gamma). NOS2(-/-) mice did not significantly increase mitochondrial Tfam and Pol gamma protein levels during infection in conjunction with impaired mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription, loss of mtDNA copy number, and lower State 3 respiration rates. NOS2 blockade in mitochondrial-GFP reporter mice disrupted Hsp60 localization to mitochondria after E. coli exposure. Mechanistically, biotin-switch and immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated NOS2 binding to and S-nitros(yl)ation of Hsp60 and Hsp70. Specifically, NOS2 promoted Tfam accumulation in mitochondria by regulation of Hsp60-Tfam binding via S-nitros(yl)ation. In hepatocytes, site-directed mutagenesis identified (237)Cys as a critical residue for Hsp60 S-nitros(yl)ation. Thus, the role of NOS2 in inflammation-induced mitochondrial biogenesis involves both optimal gene expression for nuclear-encoded mtDNA-binding proteins and functional regulation of the Hsp60 chaperone that enables their importation for mtDNA transcription and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagir B Suliman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Mitochondrial function and nitric oxide production in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats exposed to enriched environment. Brain Res 2010; 1319:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li T, Zhou Q, Zhang N, Luo Y. Toxic effects of chlorpromazine on Carassius auratus and its oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2008; 43:638-643. [PMID: 18941986 DOI: 10.1080/03601230802352674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Under laboratory conditions, ecotoxicological effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on freshwater goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined using the toxic culture experiment. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of CPZ toxic to Carassius auratus in 24, 48 and 96 h was 1.11, 0.43 and 0.32 mg/L, respectively. Thus, CPZ is an extreme toxicant to goldfish. Furthermore, there were significantly positive correlations between the ecotoxicological effects of CPZ and its concentrations, and the toxicity became higher as the exposure time increased. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in goldfish livers was significantly influenced by CPZ. At the same exposure time, the activity of SOD reduced first, and increased then, whereas the activity of CAT enhanced first and decreased then. At the same exposure levels of CPZ, the activity of SOD and CAT changed similarly, decreased first, then increased and decreased at last. Within the range of exposure concentrations, the changes in the activity of CAT can more easily reflect the oxidation stress in Carassius auratus by CPZ than those of SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Bustamante J, Czerniczyniec A, Cymeryng C, Lores-Arnaiz S. Age Related Changes from Youth to Adulthood in Rat Brain Cortex: Nitric Oxide Synthase and Mitochondrial Respiratory Function. Neurochem Res 2008; 33:1216-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ghafourifar P, Parihar MS, Nazarewicz R, Zenebe WJ, Parihar A. Detection assays for determination of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase activity; advantages and limitations. Methods Enzymol 2008; 440:317-34. [PMID: 18423228 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(07)00821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive radical synthesized by members of the NO synthase (NOS) family, including mitochondrial-specific NOS (mtNOS). Some of the assays used for the determination of cytoplasmic NOS activity have been utilized to detect mtNOS activity. However, it seems that many of those assays need to be adjusted and optimized to detect NO in the unique environment of mitochondria. Additionally, most mtNOS detection assays are designed and optimized for isolated mitochondria and may exert inherent pitfalls and limitations once used in living cells. This chapter describes several assays used commonly for mtNOS detection in isolated mitochondria and in mitochondria of live cells. Those include colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods, Griess reaction, radioassay, and polarographic and chemiluminescence assays. It also describes fluorescent-based assays for the detection of mitochondrial NO in live cells. Advantages and limitations of each assay are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Ghafourifar
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Lores-Arnaiz S, Bustamante J, Czernizyniec A, Galeano P, González Gervasoni M, Rodil Martínez A, Paglia N, Cores V, Lores-Arnaiz MR. Exposure to enriched environments increases brain nitric oxide synthase and improves cognitive performance in prepubertal but not in young rats. Behav Brain Res 2007; 184:117-23. [PMID: 17675170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 06/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rats were randomly assigned to enriched (EE) or standard environments (SE) at 21 or 73 days of age, for 17 days. Half of the rats of each rearing condition were trained in a radial maze (RM). At 38 days (pre-pubertal) or 90 days (young), rats were sacrificed and brain cytosolic and mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) activity was assayed. Western blot analysis of brain mtNOS was conducted. In the pre-pubertal group, EE rats improved their performance in the RM while SE rats did not. In the young group, SE and EE rats showed a random performance in the RM. In SE pre-pubertal rats, training increased brain cytosolic NOS and mtNOS activity by 68% and 82%. In EE non-trained pre-pubertal rats, brain cytosolic NOS and mtNOS activity increased by 80% and 60%, as compared with SE non-trained pre-pubertal rats. In EE pre-pubertal rats that were trained, brain cytosolic NOS and mtNOS activity increased by 70% and 90%, as compared with SE pre-pubertal rats that were not trained. A higher protein expression of brain mtNOS was found in EE rats, as compared with SE animals. Mitochondrial complex I activity was higher in EE than in SE rats. Training had no effect on complex I activity neither in SE nor in EE rats. In young rats, no significant differences in enzyme activities were found between EE and SE rats. These results support the hypothesis that brief exposure to EE and training produce effects on behavioral performance and on biochemical parameters in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lores-Arnaiz
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Parihar MS, Nazarewicz RR, Kincaid E, Bringold U, Ghafourifar P. Association of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase activity with respiratory chain complex I. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 366:23-8. [PMID: 18036554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study shows that rat liver and brain mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) are functionally associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. When complex I is activated, mtNOS exerts high activity and generates nitric oxide, whereas inactivation of complex I leads mtNOS to abandon its NOS activity. Functional association of mtNOS with complex I is potentially important in regulating mtNOS activity and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordhwaj S Parihar
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Institute of Mitochondrial Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Czerniczyniec A, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Dopamine enhances mtNOS activity: Implications in mitochondrial function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:1118-25. [PMID: 17706939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine and nitric oxide systems can interact in different processes in the central nervous system. Dopamine and oxidation products have been related to mitochondrial dysfunction. In the present study, intact mitochondria and submitochondrial membranes were incubated with different DA concentrations for 5 min. Dopamine (1 mM) increased nitric oxide production in submitochondrial membranes and this effect was partially prevented in the presence of both DA and NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). A 46% decrease in state 3 oxygen uptake (active respiration state) was found after 15 mM dopamine incubation. When mitochondria were incubated with 15 mM dopamine in the presence of L-NNA, state 3 respiratory rate was decreased by only 17% showing the involvement of NO. As shown for O(2) consumption, the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase by 1 mM DA was mediated by NO. Hydrogen peroxide production significantly increased after 15 mM DA incubation, being mainly due to its metabolism by MAO. Also, DA-induced depolarization was prevented by the addition of L-NNA showing the involvement of nitric oxide in this process too. This work provides evidence that in the studied conditions, dopamine modifies mitochondrial function by a nitric oxide-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Czerniczyniec
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pillai A, Parikh V, Terry AV, Mahadik SP. Long-term antipsychotic treatments and crossover studies in rats: differential effects of typical and atypical agents on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and membrane lipid peroxidation in rat brain. J Psychiatr Res 2007; 41:372-86. [PMID: 16564057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 12/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Short-term (<45 days) treatment studies in rats have reported increased oxidative stress and oxidative (i.e., oxygen free radical-mediated) neural cell injury with typical antipsychotics such as haloperidol, but not with the atypicals such as clozapine, olanzapine or risperidone. However, now these and several other atypical antipsychotics that differ in their neurotransmitter receptor affinity profiles are being used for a long-term treatment of schizophrenia. Therefore, understanding of their long-term treatment effects on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative neural cell injury in rats may be important to explain the possible differential mechanisms underlying their long-term clinical and side effects profiles. The effect of 90 and 180 day exposure to haloperidol (HAL, 2mg/kg/day), a representative typical antipsychotic was compared to exposure to chlorpromazine (CPZ, 10mg/kg/day), ziprasidone (ZIP, 12mg/kg/day), risperidone (RISP, 2.5mg/kg/day), clozapine (CLOZ, 20mg/kg/day) or olanzapine (OLZ, 10mg/kg/day) on the expression of antioxidant defense enzymes and levels of lipid peroxidation in the rat brain. The drug-induced effects on various antioxidant defense enzymes; manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed by determination of their enzymatic activity and protein content. Immunohistochemical analysis was also carried out to assess the cellular levels of MnSOD and CuZnSOD and cellular morphology. The oxidative membrane damage was assessed by determination of levels of the lipid peroxidation product, hydroxyalkanals (HAEs) in the rat brain. Both 90 and 180 days of HAL treatment very significantly decreased the levels of MnSOD (50%) and CuZnSOD (80%) and increased the levels of HAEs compared to vehicle treatment. Smaller reduction was found in CAT (25%) and no change in the glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx). The levels of enzymatic activity correlated generally well with the levels of enzyme protein indicating that the changes were in the expression of net protein. Though atypical antipsychotics like ZIP, RISP and OLZ did not show any change in the HAEs levels up to 90 days, further treatment up to 180 days resulted in significantly increased levels of HAEs in CPZ, ZIP and RISP, but not in OLZ treated rats. Post-treatment with several atypical antipsychotics (OLZ=CLOZ>RISP) for 90 days after 90 day of HAL treatment significantly restored the HAL-induced loss in MnSOD and CuZnSOD activities and increase in lipid peroxidation products as well as cellular morphology. These data may be very helpful in planning long-term use as well as switch over of these antipsychotics for the management of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States.
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Bayir H, Kagan VE, Clark RSB, Janesko-Feldman K, Rafikov R, Huang Z, Zhang X, Vagni V, Billiar TR, Kochanek PM. Neuronal NOS-mediated nitration and inactivation of manganese superoxide dismutase in brain after experimental and human brain injury. J Neurochem 2007; 101:168-81. [PMID: 17394464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) provides the first line of defense against superoxide generated in mitochondria. SOD competes with nitric oxide for reaction with superoxide and prevents generation of peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant that can modify proteins to form 3-nitrotyrosine. Thus, sufficient amounts of catalytically competent MnSOD are required to prevent mitochondrial damage. Increased nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity has been reported after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the specific protein targets containing modified tyrosine residues and functional consequence of this modification have not been identified. In this study, we show that MnSOD is a target of tyrosine nitration that is associated with a decrease in its enzymatic activity after TBI in mice. Similar findings were obtained in temporal lobe cortical samples obtained from TBI cases versus control patients who died of causes not related to CNS trauma. Increased nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was detected at 2 h and 24 h versus 72 h after experimental TBI and co-localized with the neuronal marker NeuN. Inhibition and/or genetic deficiency of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) but not endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) attenuated MnSOD nitration after TBI. At 24 h after TBI, there was predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulation in mouse brain whereas macrophages were the predominant inflammatory cell type at 72 h after injury. However, a selective inhibitor or genetic deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) failed to affect MnSOD nitration. Nitration of MnSOD is a likely consequence of peroxynitrite within the intracellular milieu of neurons after TBI. Nitration and inactivation of MnSOD could lead to self-amplification of oxidative stress in the brain progressively enhancing peroxynitrite production and secondary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Bayir
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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Czerniczyniec A, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Improvement of mouse brain mitochondrial function after deprenyl treatment. Neuroscience 2006; 144:685-93. [PMID: 17084986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deprenyl is a selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor, widely used for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The present study shows that deprenyl treatment was able to improve mitochondrial function. Fourteen month old mice were injected i.p. with deprenyl (20 mg/kg) and killed 1.5 h after the administration. Different brain subcellular fractions were isolated from control and deprenyl-treated animals to evaluate the effect of deprenyl on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Oxygen consumption, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production, mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium-induced permeability transition (MPT) were studied in intact mitochondria. In addition, the effect of deprenyl on respiratory complexes and MAO activities were evaluated in submitochondrial particles (SMP). Monoamine oxidase activity was found to be decreased by 55% in mitochondria from deprenyl-treated animals and as a consequence, H(2)O(2) production was significantly decreased. Deprenyl inhibited NOS activity in cytosolic fractions and SMP by 40% and 55%, respectively. In similar conditions, SMP from deprenyl-treated animals showed increased cytochrome oxidase activity. A 51% increase in the oxygen uptake in state 3 (active respiration state) was found after deprenyl treatment, but no significant changes were observed in state 4 (resting respiration state). Deprenyl treatment protected against calcium-induced depolarization and was able to inhibit calcium-induced MPT. This work provides evidence that deprenyl treatment exerts an improvement of brain mitochondrial function, through a reduction of free radical production, prevention of calcium-induced MPT and maintaining a mitochondrial transmembrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Czerniczyniec
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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36
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Jasid S, Simontacchi M, Bartoli CG, Puntarulo S. Chloroplasts as a nitric oxide cellular source. Effect of reactive nitrogen species on chloroplastic lipids and proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 142:1246-55. [PMID: 16980561 PMCID: PMC1630751 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.086918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) generation by soybean (Glycine max var. ADM 4800) chloroplasts was studied as an endogenous product assessed by the electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique. Nitrite and l-arginine (Arg) are substrates for enzymatic activities considered to be the possible sources of NO in plants. Soybean chloroplasts showed a NO production of 3.2 +/- 0.2 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein in the presence of 1 mm NaNO(2). Inhibition of photosynthetic electron flow by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea resulted in a lower rate (1.21 +/- 0.04 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein) of NO generation. Chloroplasts incubated with 1 mm Arg showed NO production of 0.76 +/- 0.04 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein that was not affected either by omission of Ca(2+) or by supplementation with Ca(2+) and calmodulin to the incubation medium. This production was inhibited when chloroplasts were incubated in the presence of NO synthase inhibitors N(omega)-nitro-l-Arg methyl ester hydrochloride and N(omega)-nitro-l-Arg. In vitro exposure of chloroplasts to an NO donor (250 mum S-nitrosoglutathione) decreased lipid radical content in membranes by 29%; however, incubation in the presence of 25 mum peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) led to an increase in lipid-derived radicals (34%). The effect of ONOO(-) on protein oxidation was determined by western blotting, showing an increase in carbonyl content either in stroma or thylakoid proteins as compared to controls. Moreover, ONOO(-) treatment significantly affected both O(2) evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence in thylakoids. Data reported here suggest that NO is an endogenous metabolite in soybean chloroplasts and that reactive nitrogen species could exert either antioxidant or prooxidant effects on chloroplast macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Jasid
- Physical Chemistry-PRALIB, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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37
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Boveris A, Valdez LB, Zaobornyj T, Bustamante J. Mitochondrial metabolic states regulate nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide diffusion to the cytosol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:535-42. [PMID: 16615992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria isolated from rat heart, liver, kidney and brain (respiratory control 4.0-6.5) release NO and H2O2 at rates that depend on the mitochondrial metabolic state: releases are higher in state 4, about 1.7-2.0 times for NO and 4-16 times for H2O2, than in state 3. NO release in rat liver mitochondria showed an exponential dependence on membrane potential in the range 55 to 180 mV, as determined by Rh-123 fluorescence. A similar behavior was reported for mitochondrial H2O2 production by [S.S. Korshunov, V.P. Skulachev, A.A. Starkov, High protonic potential actuates a mechanism of production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 416 (1997) 15_18.]. Transition from state 4 to state 3 of brain cortex mitochondria was associated to a decrease in NO release (50%) and in membrane potential (24-53%), this latter determined by flow cytometry and DiOC6 and JC-1 fluorescence. The fraction of cytosolic NO provided by diffusion from mitochondria was 61% in heart, 47% in liver, 30% in kidney, and 18% in brain. The data supports the speculation that NO and H2O2 report a high mitochondrial energy charge to the cytosol. Regulation of mtNOS activity by membrane potential makes mtNOS a regulable enzyme that in turn regulates mitochondrial O2 uptake and H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boveris
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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38
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Valdez LB, Zaobornyj T, Boveris A. Mitochondrial metabolic states and membrane potential modulate mtNOS activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:166-72. [PMID: 16624252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial metabolic state regulates the rate of NO release from coupled mitochondria: NO release by heart, liver and kidney mitochondria was about 40-45% lower in state 3 (1.2, 0.7 and 0.4 nmol/min mg protein) than in state 4 (2.2, 1.3 and 0.7 nmol/min mg protein). The activity of mtNOS, responsible for NO release, appears driven by the membrane potential component and not by intramitochondrial pH of the proton motive force. The intramitochondrial concentrations of the NOS substrates, L-arginine (about 310 microM) and NADPH (1.04-1.78 mM) are 60-1000 times higher than their KM values. Moreover, the changes in their concentrations in the state 4-state 3 transition are not enough to explain the changes in NO release. Nitric oxide release was exponentially dependent on membrane potential as reported for mitochondrial H2O2 production [S.S. Korshunov, V.P. Skulachev, A.A. Satarkov, High protonic potential actuates a mechanism of production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 416 (1997) 15-18.]. Agents that decrease or abolish membrane potential minimize NO release while the addition of oligomycin that produces mitochondrial hyperpolarization generates the maximal NO release. The regulation of mtNOS activity, an apparently voltage-dependent enzyme, by membrane potential is marked at the physiological range of membrane potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Valdez
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lores-Arnaiz S, Bustamante J, Arismendi M, Vilas S, Paglia N, Basso N, Capani F, Coirini H, Costa JJL, Arnaiz MRL. Extensive enriched environments protect old rats from the aging dependent impairment of spatial cognition, synaptic plasticity and nitric oxide production. Behav Brain Res 2006; 169:294-302. [PMID: 16513188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In aged rodents, neuronal plasticity decreases while spatial learning and working memory (WM) deficits increase. As it is well known, rats reared in enriched environments (EE) show better cognitive performances and an increased neuronal plasticity than rats reared in standard environments (SE). We hypothesized that EE could preserve the aged animals from cognitive impairment through NO dependent mechanisms of neuronal plasticity. WM performance and plasticity were measured in 27-month-old rats from EE and SE. EE animals showed a better spatial WM performance (66% increase) than SE ones. Cytosolic NOS activity was 128 and 155% higher in EE male and female rats, respectively. Mitochondrial NOS activity and expression were also significantly higher in EE male and female rats. Mitochondrial NOS protein expression was higher in brain submitochondrial membranes from EE reared rats. Complex I activity was 70-80% increased in EE as compared to SE rats. A significant increase in the area of NADPH-d reactive neurons was observed in the parietotemporal cortex and CA1 hippocampal region of EE animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lores-Arnaiz
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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40
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Czerniczyniec A, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Modulation of brain mitochondrial function by deprenyl. Neurochem Int 2006; 48:235-41. [PMID: 16289465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study shows that deprenyl, a known inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B), may generate changes in mitochondrial function. Brain submitochondrial membranes (SMP), synaptosomes and cytosolic fractions were incubated with different deprenyl concentrations and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was measured. The effect of deprenyl on oxygen consumption, calcium-induced permeability transition and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production rates was studied in intact mitochondria. Respiratory complexes and monoamine oxidase activities were also measured in submitochondrial membranes. Incubation of brain submitochondrial membranes with deprenyl 10, 25 and 50 microM inhibited nitric oxide synthase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The same effect was observed in cytosolic fractions and synaptosomes. Monoamine oxidase activity was inhibited at lower deprenyl concentrations (from 0.5 microM). Cytochrome oxidase (complex IV) activity was found 42% increased in the presence of 25 microM deprenyl in a condition of maximal nitric oxide synthase activity. Incubation of brain mitochondria with deprenyl 25 microM produced a 60% increase in oxygen uptake in state 3, but no significant changes were observed in state 4. Pre-incubation of brain mitochondria with deprenyl 0.5 and 1 microM inhibited calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and decreased hydrogen peroxide production rates. Our results suggest that in vitro effects of deprenyl on mitochondrial function can occur through two different mechanisms, involving nitric oxide synthase inhibition and decreased hydrogen peroxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Czerniczyniec
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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41
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Ghafourifar P, Asbury ML, Joshi SS, Kincaid ED. Determination of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase activity. Methods Enzymol 2006; 396:424-44. [PMID: 16291251 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(05)96036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The main biological targets of nitric oxide (NO) are hemoproteins, thiols, and superoxide anion (O2-). Mitochondria possess several hemoproteins, thiol-containing molecules, and they are one of the prime cellular producers of O2-. Thus, these organelles remain one of the main biological targets for NO. Reports on the existence of a Ca2+-sensitive mitochondrial NO synthase (mtNOS) have opened a new window in the field of NO and mitochondria research (Ghafourifar and Richter, 1997). mtNOS-derived NO reversibly decreases the activity of the mitochondrial hemoprotein, cytochrome c oxidase. This function of mtNOS regulates mitochondrial respiration and transmembrane potential (Deltapsi). The NO generated by mtNOS reacts with mitochondrial thiol-containing proteins including caspase-3. Because the S-nitrosated caspase-3 remains apoptotically silent as long as it is located within the mitochondria, this function of mtNOS portrays an anti-apoptotic property for mtNOS. mtNOS-derived NO also reacts with O2- to generate peroxynitrite. mtNOS-derived peroxynitrite induces oxidative stress and releases cytochrome c from the mitochondria, which represents a pro-apoptotic role for mtNOS. How mitochondria harmonize the reversible functions of mtNOS for mitochondrial respiration, its anti-apoptotic actions via S-nitrosation of caspase-3, versus the pro-apoptotic properties of peroxynitrite remains to be fully understood. However, intramitochondrial ionized Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) and the status of mitochondrial reducing defense barriers seem to play crucial roles in orchestrating the functions of mtNOS for mitochondria and cells (Ghafourifar and Cadenas, 2005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Ghafourifar
- University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202-9037, USA
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42
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Lores-Arnaiz S, Perazzo JC, Prestifilippo JP, Lago N, D'Amico G, Czerniczyniec A, Bustamante J, Boveris A, Lemberg A. Hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased mtNOS activity in prehepatic portal hypertensive rats. Neurochem Int 2005; 47:362-8. [PMID: 16005112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Portal hypertension is a major complication of human cirrhosis that frequently leads to central nervous system dysfunction. In our study, rats with prehepatic portal hypertension developed hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction as indicated by decreased respiratory rates, respiratory control and mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) activity in mitochondria isolated from the whole hippocampus. Succinate-dependent respiratory rates decreased by 29% in controlled state 4 and by 42% in active state 3, and respiratory control diminished by 20%. Portal hypertensive rats showed a decreased mtNOS activity of 46%. Hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with ultrastructural damage in the mitochondria of hippocampal astrocytes and endothelial cells. Swollen mitochondria, loss of cristae and rupture of outer and inner membrane was observed in astrocytes and endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier in parallel with the ammonia gradient. It is concluded that the moderate increase in plasma ammonia that followed portal hypertension was the potential primary cause of the observed alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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43
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Gonzales GF, Chung FA, Miranda S, Valdez LB, Zaobornyj T, Bustamante J, Boveris A. Heart mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase is upregulated in male rats exposed to high altitude (4,340 m). Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 288:H2568-73. [PMID: 15695556 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00812.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Male rats exposed for 21 days to high altitude (4,340 m) responded with arrest of weight gain and increased hematocrit and testosterone levels. High altitude significantly (58%) increased heart mitochondrial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (mtNOS) activity, whereas heart cytosolic endothelial NOS (eNOS) and liver mtNOS were not affected. Western blot analysis found heart mitochondria reacting only with anti-inducible NOS (iNOS) antibodies, whereas the postmitochondrial fraction reacted with anti-iNOS and anti-eNOS antibodies. In vitro-measured NOS activities allowed the estimation of cardiomyocyte capacity for NO production, a value that increased from 57% (sea level) to 79 nmol NO.min(-1).g heart(-1) (4,340 m). The contribution of mtNOS to total cell NO production increased from 62% (sea level) to 71% (4340 m). Heart mtNOS activity showed a linear relationship with hematocrit and a biphasic quadratic association with estradiol and testosterone. Multivariate analysis showed that exposure to high altitude linearly associates with hematocrit and heart mtNOS activity, and that testosterone-to-estradiol ratio and heart weight were not linearly associated with mtNOS activity. We conclude that high altitude triggers a physiological adaptive response that upregulates heart mtNOS activity and is associated in an opposed manner with the serum levels of testosterone and estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Gonzales
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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44
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Abstract
The functional activity of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) is determined by inhibiting O2 uptake and by enhancing H2O2 production. The effect of mtNOS activity on mitochondrial O2 uptake is assayed in state 3 respiration in two limit conditions of intramitochondrial NO: at its maximal and minimal levels. The first condition is achieved by supplementation with L-arginine and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the second by addition of an NOS inhibitor and oxyhemoglobin. The difference between state 3 O2 uptake in both conditions constitutes the mtNOS functional activity in the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase activity. The functional activity of mtNOS in enhancing mitochondrial H2O2 generation in state 4 is given by the NO inhibition of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase activity. Simple determinations with the oxygen electrode or the measurement of mitochondrial H2O2 production can be used to assay the effects of physiological and pharmacological treatments on mtNOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Valdez
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Brazil
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45
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Antunes F, Boveris A, Cadenas E. On the mechanism and biology of cytochrome oxidase inhibition by nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:16774-9. [PMID: 15546991 PMCID: PMC534717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0405368101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The detailed molecular mechanism for the reversible inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by NO has puzzled investigators: The rate constants for the binding of NO and O2 to the reduced binuclear center CuB/a3 of cytochrome oxidase (COX) are similar, and NO is able to dissociate slowly from this center whereas O2 is kinetically trapped, which altogether seems to favor the complex of COX with O2 over the complex of COX with NO. Paradoxically, the inhibition of COX by NO is observed at high ratios of O2 to NO (in the 40-500 range) and is very fast (seconds or faster). In this work, we used simple mathematical models to investigate this paradox and other important biological questions concerning the inhibition of COX by NO. The results showed that all known features of the inhibition of COX by NO can be accounted for by a direct competition between NO and O2 for the reduced binuclear center CuB/a3 of COX. Besides conciliating apparently contradictory data, this work provided an explanation for the so-called excess capacity of COX by showing that the COX activity found in tissues actually is optimized to avoid an excessive inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by NO, allowing a moderate, but not excessive, overlap between the roles of NO in COX inhibition and in cellular signaling. In pathological situations such as COX-deficiency diseases and chronic inflammation, an excessive inhibition of the mitochondrial respiration is predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Antunes
- Grupo de Bioquímica dos Oxidantes e Antioxidantes, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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