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Su S, Cao J, Meng X, Liu R, Vander Ark A, Woodford E, Zhang R, Stiver I, Zhang X, Madaj ZB, Bowman MJ, Wu Y, Xu HE, Chen B, Yu H, Li X. Enzalutamide-induced and PTH1R-mediated TGFBR2 degradation in osteoblasts confers resistance in prostate cancer bone metastases. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:170-178. [PMID: 34752846 PMCID: PMC9669895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzalutamide resistance has been observed in approximately 50% of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms and develop strategies to overcome resistance. We observed enzalutamide resistance in bone lesion development induced by PCa cells in mouse models. We found that the bone microenvironment was indispensable for enzalutamide resistance because enzalutamide significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous C4-2B tumors and the proliferation of C4-2B cells isolated from the bone lesions, and the resistance was recapitulated only when C4-2B cells were co-cultured with osteoblasts. In revealing how osteoblasts contribute to enzalutamide resistance, we found that enzalutamide decreased TGFBR2 protein expression in osteoblasts, which was supported by clinical data. This decrease was possibly through PTH1R-mediated endocytosis. We showed that PTH1R blockade rescued enzalutamide-mediated decrease in TGFBR2 levels and enzalutamide responses in C4-2B cells that were co-cultured with osteoblasts. This is the first study to reveal the contribution of the bone microenvironment to enzalutamide resistance and identify PTH1R as a feasible target to overcome the resistance in PCa bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Su
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614
| | - Jingchen Cao
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614;,Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Alexandra Vander Ark
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Erica Woodford
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Reian Zhang
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Isabelle Stiver
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Xiaotun Zhang
- Anatomic/Clinical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Zachary B. Madaj
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Megan J. Bowman
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Ball Horticultural Company, West Chicago, IL, 60185
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - H. Eric Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Haiquan Yu
- Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614;,Corresponding author: Xiaohong Li, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH 43614. Phone: +1-419-383-3982;
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Weaver SR, Taylor EL, Zars EL, Arnold KM, Bradley EW, Westendorf JJ. Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and Leucine Rich Repeat Phosphatase 1 (Phlpp1) Suppresses Parathyroid Hormone Receptor 1 (Pth1r) Expression and Signaling During Bone Growth. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:986-999. [PMID: 33434347 PMCID: PMC8131217 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is tightly controlled by a coordinated network of signaling cascades including parathyroid hormone (PTH). Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and leucine rich repeat phosphatase 1 (Phlpp1) affects endochondral ossification by suppressing chondrocyte proliferation in the growth plate, longitudinal bone growth, and bone mineralization. As such, Phlpp1-/- mice have shorter long bones, thicker growth plates, and proportionally larger growth plate proliferative zones. The goal of this study was to determine how Phlpp1 deficiency affects PTH signaling during bone growth. Transcriptomic analysis revealed greater PTH receptor 1 (Pth1r) expression and enrichment of histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at the Pth1r promoter in Phlpp1-deficient chondrocytes. PTH (1-34) enhanced and PTH (7-34) attenuated cell proliferation, cAMP signaling, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, and cell metabolic activity in Phlpp1-inhibited chondrocytes. To understand the role of Pth1r action in the endochondral phenotypes of Phlpp1-deficient mice, Phlpp1-/- mice were injected with Pth1r ligand PTH (7-34) daily for the first 4 weeks of life. PTH (7-34) reversed the abnormal growth plate and long-bone growth phenotypes of Phlpp1-/- mice but did not rescue deficits in bone mineral density or trabecular number. These results show that elevated Pth1r expression and signaling contributes to increased proliferation in Phlpp1-/- chondrocytes and shorter bones in Phlpp1-deficient mice. Our data reveal a novel molecular relationship between Phlpp1 and Pth1r in chondrocytes during growth plate development and longitudinal bone growth. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth W. Bradley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jennifer J. Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Zhang H, Wang H, Zeng C, Yan B, Ouyang J, Liu X, Sun Q, Zhao C, Fang H, Pan J, Xie D, Yang J, Zhang T, Bai X, Cai D. mTORC1 activation downregulates FGFR3 and PTH/PTHrP receptor in articular chondrocytes to initiate osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:952-963. [PMID: 28043938 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Articular chondrocyte activation, involving aberrant proliferation and prehypertrophic differentiation, is essential for osteoarthritis (OA) initiation and progression. Disruption of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) promotes chondrocyte autophagy and survival, and decreases the severity of experimental OA. However, the role of cartilage mTORC1 activation in OA initiation is unknown. In this study, we elucidated the specific role of mTORC1 activation in OA initiation, and identify the underlying mechanisms. METHOD Expression of mTORC1 in articular cartilage of OA patients and OA mice was assessed by immunostaining. Cartilage-specific tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1, mTORC1 upstream inhibitor) knockout (TSC1CKO) and inducible Tsc1 KO (TSC1CKOER) mice were generated. The functional effects of mTORC1 in OA initiation and development on its downstream targets were examined by immunostaining, western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS Articular chondrocyte mTORC1 was activated in early-stage OA and in aged mice. TSC1CKO mice exhibited spontaneous OA, and TSC1CKOER mice (from 2 months) exhibited accelerated age-related and DMM-induced OA phenotypes, with aberrant chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation. This was associated with hyperactivation of mTORC1 and dramatic downregulation of FGFR3 and PPR, two receptors critical for preventing chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Rapamycin treatment reversed these phenotypes in KO mice. Furthermore, in vitro rescue experiments demonstrated that p73 and ERK1/2 may mediate the negative regulation of FGFR3 and PPR by mTORC1. CONCLUSION mTORC1 activation stimulates articular chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation to initiate OA, in part by downregulating FGFR3 and PPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China.
| | - C Zeng
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - B Yan
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - J Ouyang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - X Liu
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Q Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - C Zhao
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - H Fang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - J Pan
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - D Xie
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - J Yang
- Academy of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China.
| | - T Zhang
- Academy of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China.
| | - X Bai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - D Cai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hildreth BE, Hernon KM, Dirksen WP, Leong J, Supsavhad W, Boyaka PN, Rosol TJ, Toribio RE. Deletion of the nuclear localization sequence and C-terminus of parathyroid hormone-related protein decreases osteogenesis and chondrogenesis but increases adipogenesis and myogenesis in murine bone marrow stromal cells. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731415609298. [PMID: 35003616 PMCID: PMC8738845 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415609298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-terminus of parathyroid hormone-related protein regulates bone marrow stromal cell differentiation. We hypothesized that the nuclear localization sequence and C-terminus are involved. MicroRNA and gene expression analyses were performed on bone marrow stromal cells from mice lacking the nuclear localization sequence and C-terminus (PthrpΔ/Δ ) and age-matched controls. Differentiation assays with microRNA, cytochemical/histologic/morphologic, protein, and gene expression analyses were performed. PthrpΔ/Δ bone marrow stromal cells are anti-osteochondrogenic, pro-adipogenic, and pro-myogenic, expressing more Klf4, Gsk-3β, Lif, Ct-1, and microRNA-434 but less β-catenin, Igf-1, Taz, Osm, and microRNA-22 (p ⩽ 0.024). PthrpΔ/Δ osteoblasts had less mineralization, osteocalcin, Runx2, Osx, Igf-1, and leptin (p ⩽ 0.029). PthrpΔ/Δ produced more adipocytes, Pparγ, and aP2, but less Lpl (p ⩽ 0.042). PthrpΔ/Δ cartilage pellets were smaller with less Sox9 and Pth1r, but greater Col2a1 (p ⩽ 0.024). PthrpΔ/Δ produced more myocytes, Des, and Myog (p ⩽ 0.021). MicroRNA changes supported these findings. In conclusion, the nuclear localization sequence and C-terminus are pro-osteochondrogenic, anti-adipogenic, and anti-myogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake E Hildreth
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences,
College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krista M Hernon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,
USA
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences,
College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Leong
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences,
College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences,
College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences,
College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences,
College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramiro E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,
USA
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Su S, Zhu H, Li Q, Xie Z. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of Spot 14 alpha in geese. Br Poult Sci 2009; 50:459-66. [PMID: 19735015 DOI: 10.1080/00071660903110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
1. Spot 14 alpha acts as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of adipogenic enzymes via three thyroid response elements in its promoter region. The objective of the current research was to clone and sequence the Spot 14 alpha gene in geese. 2. We cloned the cDNA sequence of goose Spot 14 alpha. The gene was predicted to encode a peptide of 128 amino acids, which has sequence identities of 87% cDNA and 84% amino acids, with the duck counterparts. High percentages of G and C nucleotides were found in exon and 3' untranslated region of the goose Spot 14 alpha cDNA. 3. A novel frameshift mutation that leads to a damaged leucine zipper motif was observed at nucleotide position 399-400. This can influence the homodimerisation of Spot 14 alpha, probably resulting in dysfunction in the Spot 14 family in vivo. 4. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that goose and duck Spot 14 alpha form a monophyletic group. The Spot 14 alpha mRNA was highly expressed in the liver and adipose tissue of geese. The mRNA concentration and polymorphism of Spot 14 alpha in the lipogenic tissues of geese were related to the fatness trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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Su S, Dodson M, Li X, Li Q, Wang H, Xie Z. The effects of dietary betaine supplementation on fatty liver performance, serum parameters, histological changes, methylation status and the mRNA expression level of Spot14α in Landes goose fatty liver. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 154:308-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Govoni KE, Lee SK, Chung YS, Behringer RR, Wergedal JE, Baylink DJ, Mohan S. Disruption of insulin-like growth factor-I expression in type IIalphaI collagen-expressing cells reduces bone length and width in mice. Physiol Genomics 2007; 30:354-62. [PMID: 17519362 PMCID: PMC2925693 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00022.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is critical for the regulation of peak bone mineral density (BMD) and bone width. However, the role of systemic vs. local IGF-I is not well understood. To determine the role local IGF-I plays in regulating BMD and bone width, we crossed IGF-I flox/flox mice with procollagen, typeIIalphaI-Cre mice to generate conditional mutants in which chondrocyte-derived IGF-I was disrupted. Bone parameters were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry at 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk of age and peripheral quantitative computed tomography at 12 wk of age. Body length, areal BMD, and bone mineral content (BMC) were reduced (P < 0.05) between 4 and 12 wk in the conditional mutant mice. Bone width was reduced 7% in the vertebrae and femur (P < 0.05) of conditional mutant mice at 12 wk. Gains in body length and total body BMC and BMD were reduced by 27, 22, and 18%, respectively (P < 0.05) in conditional mutant mice between 2 and 4 wk of age. Expression of parathyroid hormone related protein, parathyroid hormone receptor, distal-less homeobox (Dlx)-5, SRY-box containing gene-9, and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-5 were reduced 27, 36, 45, 33, and 45%, respectively, in the conditional mutant cartilage (P < 0.05); however, no changes in Indian hedgehog, Dlx-3, growth hormone receptor, IGF-I receptor, and IGFBP-3 expression were observed (P > or = 0.20). In conclusion, IGF-I from cells expressing procollagen type IIalphaI regulates bone accretion that occurs during postnatal growth period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Govoni
- Jerry L. Pettis Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92357, USA
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Haramoto N, Kawane T, Horiuchi N. Upregulation of PTH receptor mRNA expression by dexamethasone in UMR-106 osteoblast-like cells. Oral Dis 2007; 13:23-31. [PMID: 17241426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoids influence receptor interactions of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) that are crucial for osteoblast function. As mechanisms linking receptor mRNA with glucocorticoids are incompletely understood, we investigated regulation of PTH receptor (PTH1R) mRNA expression in rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells by using dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid. MATERIALS AND METHODS UMR-106 cells were exposed to 10(-8) to 10(-5) M Dex, while some cells were also exposed to a transcriptional inhibitor (DRB) for 24 h with or without Dex. PTH-stimulated cyclicAMP activities were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PTH1R mRNA was determined by Northern analysis. Transcriptional activities were measured as heretogeneous nuclear PTH1R RNA and also as luciferase activity in constructs, including the PTH1R gene promoter. RESULTS Dexamethasone dose-dependently increased PTH-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity at 72 h. Dex markedly increased PTH1R mRNA accumulation, but did not change transcriptional activity. PTH1R mRNA stability was significantly increased by Dex in transcriptionally arrested cells. CONCLUSION In osteoblast-like cells, Dex induced upregulation of PTH1R mRNA followed by increased functional PTH receptor expression. This was caused by posttranscriptional mechanisms increasing mRNA stability.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/drug effects
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclic AMP/analysis
- Dexamethasone/administration & dosage
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Osteoblasts/drug effects
- Osteosarcoma/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/drug effects
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- N Haramoto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
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