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Zha Y, Li S, Yu YL, Huang Z, Zhang HY, Kong W. Identification of a novel PTH1R variant in a family with primary failure of eruption. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:509. [PMID: 37480042 PMCID: PMC10362615 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary failure of tooth eruption (PFE) is a rare autosome genetic disorder that causes open bite. This work aimed to report a small family of PFE(OMIM: # 125,350) with a novel PTH1R variant. One of the patients has a rare clinical phenotype of the anterior tooth involved only. CASE PRESENTATION The proband was a 13-year-old young man with an incomplete eruption of the right upper anterior teeth, resulting in a significant open-bite. His left first molar partially erupted. Family history revealed that the proband's 12-year-old brother and father also had teeth eruption disorders. Genetic testing found a novel PTH1R variant (NM_000316.3 c.1325-1336del), which has never been reported before. The diagnosis of PFE was based on clinical and radiographic characteristics and the result of genetic testing. Bioinformatic analysis predicted this variant would result in the truncation of the G protein-coupled receptor encoded by the PTH1R, affecting its structure and function. CONCLUSION A novel PTH1R variant identified through whole-exome sequencing further expands the mutation spectrum of PFE. Patients in this family have different phenotypes, which reflects the characteristics of variable phenotypic expression of PFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchen Zha
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510630
| | - Shushu Li
- Department of orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Lin Yu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510630
| | - Zicheng Huang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510630
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Zhaoqing Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CA, China
| | - Weidong Kong
- Department of orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Guo X, Duan X. Genotype-phenotype analysis of selective failure of tooth eruption-A systematic review. Clin Genet 2023. [PMID: 37448157 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Tooth eruption is an important and unique biological process during craniofacial development. Both the genetic and environmental factors can interfere with this process. Here we aimed to find the failure pattern of tooth eruption among five genetic diseases. Both systematic review and meta-analysis were used to identify the genotype-phenotype associations of unerupted teeth. The meta-analysis was based on the characteristics of abnormal tooth eruption in 223 patients with the mutations in PTH1R, RUNX2, COL1A1/2, CLCN7, and FAM20A respectively. We found all the patients presented selective failure of tooth eruption (SFTE). Primary failure of eruption patients with PTH1R mutations showed primary or isolated SFTE1 in the first and second molars (59.3% and 52% respectively). RUNX2 related cleidocranial dysplasia usually had SFTE2 in canines and premolars, while COL1A1/2 related osteogenesis imperfecta mostly caused SFTE3 in the maxillary second molars (22.9%). In CLCN7 related osteopetrosis, the second molars and mandibular first molars were the most affected. While FAM20A related enamel renal syndrome most caused SFTE5 in the second molars (86.2%) and maxillary canines. In conclusion, the SFTE was the common characteristics of most genetic diseases with abnormal isolated or syndromic tooth eruption. The selective pattern of unerupted teeth was gene-dependent. Here we recommend SFTE to classify those genetic unerupted teeth and guide for precise molecular diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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3
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Dettori C, Ronca F, Scalese M, Saponaro F. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-Related Peptides Family: An Intriguing Role in the Central Nervous System. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050714. [PMID: 37240884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) plays a crucial role in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis directly acting on bone and kidneys and indirectly on the intestine. However, a large family of PTH-related peptides exists that exerts other physiological effects on different tissues and organs, such as the Central Nervous System (CNS). In humans, PTH-related peptides are Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), PTH-like hormones (PTHrP and PTHLH), and tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 (TIP39 or PTH2). With different affinities, these ligands can bind parathyroid receptor type 1 (PTH1R) and type 2 (PTH2R), which are part of the type II G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs) family. The PTH/PTHrP/PTH1R system has been found to be expressed in many areas of the brain (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, corpus callosum, subthalamic nucleus, thalamus, substantia nigra, cerebellum), and literature data suggest the system exercises a protective action against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, with positive effects on memory and hyperalgesia. TIP39 is a small peptide belonging to the PTH-related family with a high affinity for PTH2R in the CNS. The TIP39/PTH2R system has been proposed to mediate many regulatory and functional roles in the brain and to modulate auditory, nociceptive, and sexual maturation functions. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of PTH-related peptides distribution and functions in the CNS and to highlight the gaps that still need to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Dettori
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ronca
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scalese
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Saponaro
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Wu S, Wang X, Dai S, Zhang G, Zhou J, Shen Y. A novel missense mutation in GREB1L identified in a three-generation family with renal hypodysplasia/aplasia-3. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:413. [PMID: 36371238 PMCID: PMC9652819 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia-3 (RHDA3), as the most severe end of the spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, is mainly caused by mutations in GREB1L. However, the mutations in GREB1L identified to date only explain a limited proportion of RHDA3 cases, and the mechanism of GREB1L mutations causing RHDA3 is unclear. RESULTS According to whole-exome sequencing, a three-generation family suffering from RHDA3 was investigated with a novel missense mutation in GREB1L, c.4507C>T. All three-generation patients suffered from unilateral absent kidney. This missense mutation resulted in sharp downregulation of mRNA and protein expression, which might lead to RHDA3. Mechanistically, through RNA-sequencing, it was found that the mRNA levels of PAX2 and PTH1R, which are key molecules involved in the development of the kidney, were significantly downregulated by knocking out GREB1L in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This novel missense mutation in GREB1L can be helpful in the genetic diagnosis of RHDA3, and the discovery of the potential mechanism that GREB1L mutations involved in RHDA3 pathogenesis can promote the adoption of optimal treatment measures and the development of personalized medicine directly targeting these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Wu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Gynaecology and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Gynaecology and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Dai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Gynaecology and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Gynaecology and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Shen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Gynaecology and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
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Tirado‐Cabrera I, Martin‐Guerrero E, Heredero‐Jimenez S, Ardura JA, Gortázar AR. PTH1R translocation to primary cilia in mechanically-stimulated ostecytes prevents osteoclast formation via regulation of CXCL5 and IL-6 secretion. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3927-3943. [PMID: 35933642 PMCID: PMC9804361 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes respond to mechanical forces controlling osteoblast and osteoclast function. Mechanical stimulation decreases osteocyte apoptosis and promotes bone formation. Primary cilia have been described as potential mechanosensors in bone cells. Certain osteogenic responses induced by fluid flow (FF) in vitro are decreased by primary cilia inhibition in MLO-Y4 osteocytes. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type 1 (PTH1R) modulates osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteocyte effects upon activation by PTH or PTH-related protein (PTHrP) in osteoblastic cells. Moreover, some actions of PTH1R seem to be triggered directly by mechanical stimulation. We hypothesize that PTH1R forms a signaling complex in the primary cilium that is essential for mechanotransduction in osteocytes and affects osteocyte-osteoclast communication. MLO-Y4 osteocytes were stimulated by FF or PTHrP (1-37). PTH1R and primary cilia signaling were abrogated using PTH1R or primary cilia specific siRNAs or inhibitors, respectively. Conditioned media obtained from mechanically- or PTHrP-stimulated MLO-Y4 cells inhibited the migration of preosteoclastic cells and osteoclast differentiation. Redistribution of PTH1R along the entire cilium was observed in mechanically stimulated MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells. Preincubation of MLO-Y4 cells with the Gli-1 antagonist, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor (SQ22536), or with the phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122), affected the migration of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis. Proteomic analysis and neutralizing experiments showed that FF and PTH1R activation control osteoclast function through the modulation of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CXCL5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in osteocytes. These novel findings indicate that both primary cilium and PTH1R are necessary in osteocytes for proper communication with osteoclasts and show that mechanical stimulation inhibits osteoclast recruitment and differentiation through CXCL5, while PTH1R activation regulate these processes via IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tirado‐Cabrera
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónMadridSpain
| | - Eduardo Martin‐Guerrero
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain
| | - Sara Heredero‐Jimenez
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain
| | - Juan A. Ardura
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónMadridSpain
| | - Arancha R. Gortázar
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónMadridSpain
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Daley EJ, Yoon SH, Reyes M, Bruce M, Brooks DJ, Bouxsein M, Potts JT, Kronenberg HM, Wein MN, Lanske B, Jüppner H, Gardella TJ. Actions of Parathyroid Hormone Ligand Analogues in Humanized PTH1R Knockin Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6573221. [PMID: 35460406 PMCID: PMC9167040 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models are commonly used to evaluate parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) ligands and analogues for their pharmacologic activities and potential therapeutic utility toward diseases of bone and mineral ion metabolism. Divergence, however, in the amino acid sequences of rodent and human PTH receptors (rat and mouse PTH1Rs are 91% identical to the human PTH1R) can lead to differences in receptor-binding and signaling potencies for such ligands when assessed on rodent vs human PTH1Rs, as shown by cell-based assays in vitro. This introduces an element of uncertainty in the accuracy of rodent models for performing such preclinical evaluations. To overcome this potential uncertainty, we used a homologous recombination-based knockin (KI) approach to generate a mouse (in-host strain C57Bl/6N) in which complementary DNA encoding the human PTH1R replaces a segment (exon 4) of the murine PTH1R gene so that the human and not the mouse PTH1R protein is expressed. Expression is directed by the endogenous mouse promoter and hence occurs in all biologically relevant cells and tissues and at appropriate levels. The resulting homozygous hPTH1R-KI (humanized) mice were healthy over at least 10 generations and showed functional responses to injected PTH analog peptides that are consistent with a fully functional human PTH1R in target bone and kidney cells. The initial evaluation of these mice and their potential utility for predicting behavior of PTH analogues in humans is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen J Daley
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Monica Reyes
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Michael Bruce
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Mary Bouxsein
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - John T Potts
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Beate Lanske
- Radius Health Inc, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, USA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Correspondence: Thomas J. Gardella, PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Thier 1025, 50 Blossom St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Su S, Cao J, Meng X, Liu R, Vander Ark A, Woodford E, Zhang R, Stiver I, Zhang X, Madaj ZB, Bowman MJ, Wu Y, Xu HE, Chen B, Yu H, Li X. Enzalutamide-induced and PTH1R-mediated TGFBR2 degradation in osteoblasts confers resistance in prostate cancer bone metastases. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:170-178. [PMID: 34752846 PMCID: PMC9669895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzalutamide resistance has been observed in approximately 50% of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms and develop strategies to overcome resistance. We observed enzalutamide resistance in bone lesion development induced by PCa cells in mouse models. We found that the bone microenvironment was indispensable for enzalutamide resistance because enzalutamide significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous C4-2B tumors and the proliferation of C4-2B cells isolated from the bone lesions, and the resistance was recapitulated only when C4-2B cells were co-cultured with osteoblasts. In revealing how osteoblasts contribute to enzalutamide resistance, we found that enzalutamide decreased TGFBR2 protein expression in osteoblasts, which was supported by clinical data. This decrease was possibly through PTH1R-mediated endocytosis. We showed that PTH1R blockade rescued enzalutamide-mediated decrease in TGFBR2 levels and enzalutamide responses in C4-2B cells that were co-cultured with osteoblasts. This is the first study to reveal the contribution of the bone microenvironment to enzalutamide resistance and identify PTH1R as a feasible target to overcome the resistance in PCa bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Su
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614
| | - Jingchen Cao
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614;,Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Alexandra Vander Ark
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Erica Woodford
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Reian Zhang
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Isabelle Stiver
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Xiaotun Zhang
- Anatomic/Clinical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Zachary B. Madaj
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Megan J. Bowman
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Ball Horticultural Company, West Chicago, IL, 60185
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - H. Eric Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Haiquan Yu
- Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614;,Corresponding author: Xiaohong Li, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH 43614. Phone: +1-419-383-3982;
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8
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Feng X, Xiao Y, Guo Q, Peng H, Zhou HY, Wang JP, Xia ZY. Parathyroid hormone alleviates non-alcoholic liver steatosis via activating the hepatic cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:899731. [PMID: 36060945 PMCID: PMC9428460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.899731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hallmarked by liver steatosis, is becoming a global concern, but effective and safe drugs for NAFLD are still lacking at present. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the only FDA-approved anabolic treatment for osteoporosis, is important in calcium-phosphate homeostasis. However, little is known about its potential therapeutic effects on other diseases. Here, we report that intermittent administration of PTH ameliorated non-alcoholic liver steatosis in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and db/db mice, as well as fasting-induced hepatic steatosis. In vitro, PTH inhibits palmitic acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in a parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R)-dependent manner. Mechanistically, PTH upregulates the expression of genes involved in lipid β-oxidation and suppresses the expression of genes related to lipid uptake and de novo lipogenesis by activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Taken together, our current finding proposes a new therapeutic role of PTH on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhu-Ying Xia, ; Jian-Ping Wang,
| | - Zhu-Ying Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhu-Ying Xia, ; Jian-Ping Wang,
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9
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Demaret T, Wintjens R, Sana G, Docquir J, Bertin F, Ide C, Monestier O, Karadurmus D, Benoit V, Maystadt I. Case Report: Inactivating PTH/PTHrP Signaling Disorder Type 1 Presenting With PTH Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:928284. [PMID: 35846276 PMCID: PMC9280615 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.928284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PTH resistance is characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and it is classically associated with GNAS locus genetic or epigenetic defects. Inactivating PTH/PTHrP signaling disorders (iPPSD) define overlapping phenotypes based on their molecular etiology. iPPSD1 is associated with PTH1R variants and variable phenotypes including ossification anomalies and primary failure of tooth eruption but no endocrine disorder. Here we report on a 10-month-old child born from consanguineous parents, who presented with mild neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, enlarged fontanelles, round face, and bilateral clinodactyly. Hand x-rays showed diffuse delayed bone age, osteopenia, short metacarpal bones and cone-shaped distal phalanges. A diagnosis of PTH resistance was made on the basis of severe hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated PTH and normal vitamin D levels on blood sample. The patient was treated with calcium carbonate and alfacalcidol leading to rapid bio-clinical improvement. Follow-up revealed multiple agenesis of primary teeth and delayed teeth eruption, as well as Arnold-Chiari type 1 malformation requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. GNAS gene analysis showed no pathogenic variation, but a likely pathogenic homozygous substitution c.723C>G p.(Asp241Glu) in PTH1R gene was found by trio-based whole exome sequencing. We studied the deleterious impact of the variant on the protein conformation with bioinformatics tools. In conclusion, our study reports for the first time PTH resistance in a child with a biallelic PTH1R mutation, extending thereby the clinical spectrum of iPPSD1 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Demaret
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Tanguy Demaret,
| | - René Wintjens
- Unité Microbiologie, Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwenaelle Sana
- Service de Pédiatrie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Joachim Docquir
- Service de Pédiatrie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Frederic Bertin
- Service de Radiologie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Christophe Ide
- Service de Radiologie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Olivier Monestier
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Deniz Karadurmus
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valerie Benoit
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
- Département de Médecine, Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Moléculaire (URPhyM), Université de Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
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10
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Wang MW, Yang Z, Chen X, Zhou SH, Huang GL, Sun JN, Jiang H, Xu WM, Lin HC, Yu X, Sun JP. Activation of PTH1R alleviates epididymitis and orchitis through Gq and β-arrestin-1 pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107363118. [PMID: 34740971 PMCID: PMC8609314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107363118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the epididymis and testis contributes significantly to male infertility. Alternative therapeutic avenues treating epididymitis and orchitis are expected since current therapies using antibiotics have limitations associated to side effects and are commonly ineffective for inflammation due to nonbacterial causes. Here, we demonstrated that type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) and its endogenous agonists, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP), were mainly expressed in the Leydig cells of testis as well as epididymal epithelial cells. Screening the secretin family G protein-coupled receptor identified that PTH1R in the epididymis and testis was down-regulated in mumps virus (MuV)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Remarkably, activation of PTH1R by abaloparatide (ABL), a Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, alleviated MuV- or LPS-induced inflammatory responses in both testis and epididymis and significantly improved sperm functions in both mouse model and human samples. The anti-inflammatory effects of ABL were shown to be regulated mainly through the Gq and β-arrestin-1 pathway downstream of PTH1R as supported by the application of ABL in Gnaq± and Arrb1-/- mouse models. Taken together, our results identified an important immunoregulatory role for PTH1R signaling in the epididymis and testis. Targeting to PTH1R might have a therapeutic effect for the treatment of epididymitis and orchitis or other inflammatory disease in the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shu-Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ge-Lin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian-Ning Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-Ming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Hao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China;
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China;
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
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11
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Izquierdo-Lahuerta A. The Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor Axis in Adipose Tissue. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111570. [PMID: 34827568 PMCID: PMC8615885 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an organ that shows great plasticity and is able to adapt to the conditions to which the body is subdued. It participates in the regulation of energetic homeostasis and has endocrine functions. Recent studies have shown how the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)/Parathyroid Hormone Receptor 1 (PTH1R) axis participates in the regulation of adipogenesis, opposing the action of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In addition to this, PTHrP is overexpressed in adipose tissue in situations of wear and tear of the body, favoring browning and lipolysis in this tissue. It is also overexpressed in adipose tissue in stressful situations but in the opposite direction, in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In conclusion, the PTHrP/PTH1R axis has a main role in adipose tissue, participating in its differentiation and remodeling. PTHrP might be used in obesity treatment and its complications for its ability to reprogram adipogenesis and adipose tissue expansion, WAT browning and for the improvement of the insulin sensitivity. In addition, PTHrP could even be used as a marker of placental status and maternal adaptations to prevent future metabolic problems in mothers and children, as well as in the treatment of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Izquierdo-Lahuerta
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Faculty of Sciences of Health, Campus of Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Zhao L, Ito S, Arai A, Udagawa N, Horibe K, Hara M, Nishida D, Hosoya A, Masuko R, Okabe K, Shin M, Li X, Matsuo K, Abe S, Matsunaga S, Kobayashi Y, Kagami H, Mizoguchi T. Odontoblast death drives cell-rich zone-derived dental tissue regeneration. Bone 2021; 150:116010. [PMID: 34020080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe dental tissue damage induces odontoblast death, after which dental pulp stem and progenitor cells (DPSCs) differentiate into odontoblast-like cells, contributing to reparative dentin. However, the damage-induced mechanism that triggers this regeneration process is still not clear. We aimed to understand the effect of odontoblast death without hard tissue damage on dental regeneration. Herein, using a Cre/LoxP-based strategy, we demonstrated that cell-rich zone (CZ)-localizing Nestin-GFP-positive and Nestin-GFP-negative cells proliferate and differentiate into odontoblast-like cells in response to odontoblast depletion. The regenerated odontoblast-like cells played a role in reparative dentin formation. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of odontoblast differentiation- and activation-related genes was upregulated in the pulp in response to odontoblast depletion even without damage to dental tissue. In this regenerative process, the expression of type I parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) increased in the odontoblast-depleted pulp, thereby boosting dentin formation. The levels of PTH1R and its downstream mediator, i.e., phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (Ser133) increased in the physically damaged pulp. Collectively, odontoblast death triggered the PTH1R cascade, which may represent a therapeutic target for inducing CZ-mediated dental regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shinichirou Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kanji Horibe
- Department of Oral Histology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Miroku Hara
- Department of Oral Diagnostics and Comprehensive Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishida
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoya
- Division of Histology, School of Dentistry, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Koji Okabe
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masashi Shin
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Oral Medicine Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xianqi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideaki Kagami
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the paracrine factor, PTH-related protein (PTHrP), have preserved in evolution sufficient identities in their amino-terminal domains to share equivalent actions upon a common G protein-coupled receptor, PTH1R, that predominantly uses the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway. Such a relationship between a hormone and local factor poses questions about how their common receptor mediates pharmacological and physiological actions of the two. Mouse genetic studies show that PTHrP is essential for endochondral bone lengthening in the fetus and is essential for bone remodeling. In contrast, the main postnatal function of PTH is hormonal control of calcium homeostasis, with no evidence that PTHrP contributes. Pharmacologically, amino-terminal PTH and PTHrP peptides (teriparatide and abaloparatide) promote bone formation when administered by intermittent (daily) injection. This anabolic effect is remodeling-based with a lesser contribution from modeling. The apparent lesser potency of PTHrP than PTH peptides as skeletal anabolic agents could be explained by lesser bioavailability to PTH1R. By contrast, prolongation of PTH1R stimulation by excessive dosing or infusion, converts the response to a predominantly resorptive one by stimulating osteoclast formation. Physiologically, locally generated PTHrP is better equipped than the circulating hormone to regulate bone remodeling, which occurs asynchronously at widely distributed sites throughout the skeleton where it is needed to replace old or damaged bone. While it remains possible that PTH, circulating within a narrow concentration range, could contribute in some way to remodeling and modeling, its main physiological role is in regulating calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ego Seeman
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Waltenspühl Y, Ehrenmann J, Klenk C, Plückthun A. Engineering of Challenging G Protein-Coupled Receptors for Structure Determination and Biophysical Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051465. [PMID: 33800379 PMCID: PMC7962830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exert fundamental biological functions and are involved in a multitude of physiological responses, making these receptors ideal drug targets. Drug discovery programs targeting GPCRs have been greatly facilitated by the emergence of high-resolution structures and the resulting opportunities to identify new chemical entities through structure-based drug design. To enable the determination of high-resolution structures of GPCRs, most receptors have to be engineered to overcome intrinsic hurdles such as their poor stability and low expression levels. In recent years, multiple engineering approaches have been developed to specifically address the technical difficulties of working with GPCRs, which are now beginning to make more challenging receptors accessible to detailed studies. Importantly, successfully engineered GPCRs are not only valuable in X-ray crystallography, but further enable biophysical studies with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, native mass spectrometry, and fluorescence anisotropy measurements, all of which are important for the detailed mechanistic understanding, which is the prerequisite for successful drug design. Here, we summarize engineering strategies based on directed evolution to reduce workload and enable biophysical experiments of particularly challenging GPCRs.
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15
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Zhao G, Kim EW, Jiang J, Bhoot C, Charles KR, Baek J, Mohan S, Adams JS, Tetradis S, Lyons KM. CCN1/Cyr61 Is Required in Osteoblasts for Responsiveness to the Anabolic Activity of PTH. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2289-2300. [PMID: 32634285 PMCID: PMC9361511 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CCN1/Cyr61 is a dynamically expressed matricellular protein that serves regulatory functions in multiple tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that CCN1 regulates bone maintenance. Using an osteoblast and osteocyte conditional knockout mouse model (Ccn1OCN ), we found a significant decrease in trabecular and cortical bone mass in vivo, in part through suppression of Wnt signaling since the expression of the Wnt antagonist sclerostin (SOST) is increased in osteoblasts lacking CCN1. It has been established that parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling also suppresses SOST expression in bone. We therefore investigated the interaction between CCN1 and PTH-mediated responses in this study. We find that loss of Ccn1 in osteoblasts leads to impaired responsiveness to anabolic intermittent PTH treatment in Ccn1OCN mice in vivo and in osteoblasts from these mice in vitro. Analysis of Ccn1OCN mice demonstrated a significant decrease in parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTH1R) expression in osteoblasts in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the regulatory role of a non-canonical integrin-binding domain of CCN1 because several studies indicate that specific integrins are critical to mechanotransduction, a PTH-dependent response, in bone. These data suggest that CCN1 regulates the expression of PTH1R through interaction with the αvβ3 and/or αvβ5 integrin complexes. Osteoblasts that express a mutant form of CCN1 that cannot interact with αvβ3/β5 integrin demonstrate a significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression of both PTH1R and αv integrin. Overall, these data suggest that the αvβ3/β5-binding domain of CCN1 is required to endow PTH signaling with anabolic activity in bone cells. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gexin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elliot W Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Orthopaedic Institution for Children Foundation, Hemophilia Treatment Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chimay Bhoot
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kemberly R Charles
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jongseung Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John S Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen M Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Abstract
Tooth eruption is a unique biological process by which highly mineralized tissues emerge into the outer world, and it occurs concomitantly with tooth root formation. These 2 processes have been considered independent phenomena; however, recent studies support the theory that they are indeed intertwined. Dental mesenchymal progenitor cells in the dental follicle lie at the heart of the coupling of these 2 processes, providing a source for diverse mesenchymal cells that support formation of the highly functional tooth root and the periodontal attachment apparatus, while facilitating formation of osteoclasts. These cells are regulated by autocrine signaling by parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its parathyroid hormone/PTHrP receptor PPR. This PTHrP-PPR signaling appears to crosstalk with other signaling pathways and regulates proper cell fates of mesenchymal progenitor cell populations. Disruption of this autocrine PTHrP-PPR signaling in these cells leads to defective formation of the periodontal attachment apparatus, tooth root malformation, and failure of tooth eruption in molars, which essentially recapitulate primary failure of eruption in humans, a rare genetic disorder exclusively affecting tooth eruption. Diversity and distinct functionality of these mesenchymal progenitor cell populations that regulate tooth eruption and tooth root formation are beginning to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N Ono
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W Ono
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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17
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Chandler H, Lanske B, Varela A, Guillot M, Boyer M, Brown J, Pierce A, Ominsky M, Mitlak B, Baron R, Kostenuik P, Hattersley G. Abaloparatide, a novel osteoanabolic PTHrP analog, increases cortical and trabecular bone mass and architecture in orchiectomized rats by increasing bone formation without increasing bone resorption. Bone 2019; 120:148-155. [PMID: 30343166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Male osteoporosis can occur with advanced age and with hypogonadism, with increased bone resorption and/or inadequate bone formation contributing to reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk. Abaloparatide is a selective PTH receptor agonist that increases bone formation and bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and in estrogen-deficient animals. The current study evaluated the effects of abaloparatide in orchiectomized (ORX) rats, a model of male osteoporosis. Four-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent ORX or sham surgery; 8 weeks later the ORX groups exhibited relative osteopenia vs sham controls, based on dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and/or peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) assessments at the total body, lumbar spine, femur, and tibia. ORX rats (n = 10/group) were then injected daily (s.c.) for 8 weeks with vehicle or abaloparatide at 5 (ABL5) or 25 μg/kg/d (ABL25). Sham controls (n = 10) received s.c. vehicle. DXA and pQCT showed that one or both abaloparatide groups gained more areal and volumetric BMD at all sites analyzed compared with vehicle controls, leading to substantial or complete reversal of ORX-induced BMD deficits. pQCT also indicated greater gains in tibial cortical thickness in both abaloparatide groups versus vehicle controls. Tibial bone histomorphometry showed greater trabecular bone formation and bone volume and improved micro-architecture with abaloparatide, with no increase in osteoclasts. Abaloparatide also led to significant improvements in the balance of biochemical bone formation markers versus bone resorption markers, which correlated with BMD changes. These findings suggest that abaloparatide may have therapeutic benefits in men with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aurore Varela
- Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland Baron
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Kostenuik
- Phylon Pharma Services, Newbury Park, CA, USA; University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Moirangthem A, Narayanan DL, Jacob P, Nishimura G, Mortier G, Girisha KM. Report of second case and clinical and molecular characterization of Eiken syndrome. Clin Genet 2018; 94:457-460. [PMID: 29987841 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a boy with Eiken syndrome caused by a homozygous missense variant in Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) c.103G > A [p.(Glu35Lys)]. Eiken syndrome is a very rare skeletal dysplasia due to bi-allelic variants in PTH1R. Only one affected family has been known to-date. The hallmarks include delayed ossification of bone including the epiphyses, pubic symphysis, and primary ossification centers of the short tubular bones, coarse bone trabeculae, and modeling abnormalities. The phenotype being described here recapitulates the delayed ossification and modeling abnormalities of Eiken syndrome. In addition, supernumerary epiphyses of the tubular bones of the hands and primary failure of eruption of teeth were observed in our proband. This report characterizes Eiken syndrome and confirms that bi-allelic hypomorphic variants in PTH1R are probably to cause this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moirangthem
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - D L Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - P Jacob
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - G Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - G Mortier
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - K M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare disease defined as incomplete tooth eruption despite the presence of a clear eruption pathway. Orthodontic extrusion is not feasible in this case because it results in ankylosis of teeth. To the best of our knowledge, besides the study of Ahmad et al. (Eur J Orthod 28:535-540, 2006), no study has systematically analysed the clinical features of and factors associated with PFE. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the current literature (from 2006 to 2017) for new insights and developments on the aetiology, diagnosis, genetics, and treatment options of PFE. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed using the PubMed/Medline database for studies reporting on PFE. The following terms were used: "primary failure of tooth eruption", "primary failure of eruption", "tooth eruption failure", and "PFE". RESULTS Overall, 17 articles reporting clinical data of 314 patients were identified. In all patients, the molars were affected. In 81 reported cases, both the molars and the premolars were affected by PFE. Further, 38 patients' primary teeth were also affected. In 27 patients, no family members were affected. Additional dental anomalies were observed in 39 patients. A total of 51 different variants of the PTH1R gene associated with PFE were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Infraocclusion of the posterior teeth, especially if both sides are affected, is the hallmark of PFE. If a patient is affected by PFE, all teeth distal to the most mesial tooth are also affected by PFE. Primary teeth can also be impacted; however, this may not necessarily occur. If a patient is suspected of having PFE, a genetic test for mutation in the PTH1R gene should be recommended prior to any orthodontic treatment to avoid ankylosis. Treatment options depend on the patient's age and the clinical situation, and they must be evaluated individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hanisch
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Unit Rare Diseases with Orofacial Manifestations (RDOM), University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lale Hanisch
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health, School of Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 44, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleinheinz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Unit Rare Diseases with Orofacial Manifestations (RDOM), University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Jung
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Unit Rare Diseases with Orofacial Manifestations (RDOM), University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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Doyle N, Varela A, Haile S, Guldberg R, Kostenuik PJ, Ominsky MS, Smith SY, Hattersley G. Abaloparatide, a novel PTH receptor agonist, increased bone mass and strength in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys by increasing bone formation without increasing bone resorption. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:685-697. [PMID: 29260289 PMCID: PMC5834552 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abaloparatide, a novel PTH1 receptor agonist, increased bone formation in osteopenic ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys while increasing cortical and trabecular bone mass. Abaloparatide increased bone strength and maintained or enhanced bone mass-strength relationships, indicating preserved or improved bone quality. INTRODUCTION Abaloparatide is a selective PTH1R activator that is approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The effects of 16 months of abaloparatide administration on bone formation, resorption, density, and strength were assessed in adult ovariectomized (OVX) cynomolgus monkeys (cynos). METHODS Sixty-five 9-18-year-old female cynos underwent OVX surgery, and 15 similar cynos underwent sham surgery. After a 9-month period without treatments, OVX cynos were allocated to four groups that received 16 months of daily s.c. injections with either vehicle (n = 17) or abaloparatide (0.2, 1, or 5 μg/kg/day; n = 16/dose level), while Sham controls received s.c. vehicle (n = 15). Bone densitometry (DXA, pQCT, micro-CT), qualitative bone histology, serum calcium, bone turnover markers, bone histomorphometry, and bone strength were among the key measures assessed. RESULTS At the end of the 9-month post-surgical bone depletion period, just prior to the treatment phase, the OVX groups exhibited increased bone turnover markers and decreased bone mass compared with sham controls. Abaloparatide administration to OVX cynos led to increased bone formation parameters, including serum P1NP and endocortical bone formation rate. Abaloparatide administration did not influence serum calcium levels, bone resorption markers, cortical porosity, or eroded surfaces. Abaloparatide increased bone mass at the whole body, lumbar spine, tibial diaphysis, femoral neck, and femoral trochanter. Abaloparatide administration was associated with greater lumbar vertebral strength, and had no adverse effects on bone mass-strength relationships for the vertebrae, femoral neck, femoral diaphysis, or humeral cortical beams. CONCLUSIONS Abaloparatide administration was associated with increases in bone formation, bone mass and bone strength, and with maintenance of bone quality in OVX cynos, without increases in serum calcium or bone resorption parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Doyle
- Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Varela
- Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Haile
- Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R Guldberg
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P J Kostenuik
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Phylon Pharma Services, Newbury Park, CA, USA
| | - M S Ominsky
- Radius Health Inc., 950 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - S Y Smith
- Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Hattersley
- Radius Health Inc., 950 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
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21
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Grippaudo C, Cafiero C, D'Apolito I, Ricci B, Frazier-Bowers SA. Primary failure of eruption: Clinical and genetic findings in the mixed dentition. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:275-282. [PMID: 29376733 DOI: 10.2319/062717-430.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that mutations in the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor ( PTH1R) include effects in both primary and permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from saliva samples of 29 patients (8 familial and 21 sporadic) who presented with clinical evidence of infraoccluded teeth, and their unaffected relatives (N = 22). Sequencing followed by mutational analysis of the coding regions of PTH1R gene was completed for all individuals (N = 29). RESULTS Eight of 29 cases revealed a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the PTH1R gene; five of eight variants represented distinct mutations based on comparison with the dbSNP, HGMD, and ESP databases. One mutation (c.1765 T>C p.Trp89Arg) was found to segregate within a family (n = 3). In silico analyses for all variants revealed a putative pathogenic effect. A genotype-phenotype correlation was reported as defined by a functional mutation in PTH1R and corresponding effects on one or more posterior teeth only; unilateral or bilateral involvement, infraoccluded primary teeth. CONCLUSIONS Novel mutations were reported in the PTH1R gene that included PFE-affected primary molars, thus providing the basis for using a genetic diagnostic tool for early diagnosis leading to proper management.
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Calvete O, Herraiz M, Reyes J, Patiño A, Benitez J. A cumulative effect involving malfunction of the PTH1R and ATP4A genes explains a familial gastric neuroendocrine tumor with hypothyroidism and arthritis. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:998-1003. [PMID: 28474257 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs) classically arise because of hypergastrinemia and involve destruction of parietal cells, which are responsible for gastric acid secretion through the ATP4A proton pump and for intrinsic factor production. METHODS By whole exome sequencing, we studied a family with three members with gNETs plus hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis to uncover their genetic origin. RESULTS A heterozygous missense mutation in the ATP4A gene was identified. Carriers of this variant had low ferritin and vitamin B12 levels but did not develop gNETs. A second heterozygous mutation was also uncovered (PTH1R p.E546K). Carriers exhibited hypothyroidism and one of them had rheumatoid arthritis. Gastrin activates parathyroid hormone like hormone/parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) signaling, which is involved in gastric cell homeostasis. Activation of parathyroid hormone/PTH1R, which is upregulated by thyrotropin in the thyroid, is also involved in RANKL expression, which regulates bone homeostasis. Thyrotropin and RANKL expression were deregulated in PTH1R mutation carriers, suggesting a link between the PTH1R gene, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and gastric disease. Only patients with both mutations developed gNETs plus hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION Both mutations suggest that a collaborative mechanism is operative in this family, in which mutations in these genes affect the function and viability of parietal cells and lead to the achlorhydria that drives hypergastrinemia and the formation of gNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Calvete
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maite Herraiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Reyes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital INCA, 07300, Majorca, Spain
| | - Ana Patiño
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Unit, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Jolette J, Attalla B, Varela A, Long GG, Mellal N, Trimm S, Smith SY, Ominsky MS, Hattersley G. Comparing the incidence of bone tumors in rats chronically exposed to the selective PTH type 1 receptor agonist abaloparatide or PTH(1-34). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 86:356-365. [PMID: 28389324 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged treatment with human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) in rats results in development of bone tumors, though this finding has not been supported by clinical experience. The PTH type 1 receptor agonist abaloparatide, selected for its bone anabolic activity, is under clinical development to treat postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. To determine the carcinogenic potential of abaloparatide, Fischer (F344) rats were administered SC daily abaloparatide at doses of 0, 10, 25, and 50 μg/kg or 30 μg/kg hPTH(1-34) as a positive control for up to 2 years. Robust increases in bone density were achieved at all abaloparatide doses and with hPTH(1-34). Comprehensive histopathological analysis reflected a comparable continuum of proliferative changes in bone, mostly osteosarcoma, in both abaloparatide and hPTH(1-34) treated rats. Comparing the effects of abaloparatide and hPTH(1-34) at the 25 and 30 μg/kg respective doses, representing similar exposure multiples to the human therapeutic doses, revealed similar osteosarcoma-associated mortality, tumor incidence, age at first occurrence, and metastatic potential. There were no increases in the incidence of non-bone tumors with abaloparatide compared to vehicle. Thus, near life-long treatment with abaloparatide in rats resulted in dose and time dependent formation of osteosarcomas, with a comparable response to hPTH(1-34) at similar exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelin Jolette
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Montreal, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, Quebec H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Bassem Attalla
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Montreal, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, Quebec H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Aurore Varela
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Montreal, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, Quebec H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Gerald G Long
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc., Sterling, VA 20166, USA
| | - Nacera Mellal
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Montreal, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, Quebec H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Sabile Trimm
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Montreal, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, Quebec H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Susan Y Smith
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Montreal, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, Quebec H9X 3R3, Canada
| | | | - Gary Hattersley
- Radius Health, Inc., 950 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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Sato T, Courbebaisse M, Ide N, Fan Y, Hanai JI, Kaludjerovic J, Densmore MJ, Yuan Q, Toka HR, Pollak MR, Hou J, Lanske B. Parathyroid hormone controls paracellular Ca 2+ transport in the thick ascending limb by regulating the tight-junction protein Claudin14. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3344-53. [PMID: 28373577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616733114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal Ca2+ reabsorption is essential for maintaining systemic Ca2+ homeostasis and is tightly regulated through the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R) signaling pathway. We investigated the role of PTH1R in the kidney by generating a mouse model with targeted deletion of PTH1R in the thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL) and in distal convoluted tubules (DCTs): Ksp-cre;Pth1rfl/fl Mutant mice exhibited hypercalciuria and had lower serum calcium and markedly increased serum PTH levels. Unexpectedly, proteins involved in transcellular Ca2+ reabsorption in DCTs were not decreased. However, claudin14 (Cldn14), an inhibitory factor of the paracellular Ca2+ transport in the TAL, was significantly increased. Analyses by flow cytometry as well as the use of Cldn14-lacZ knock-in reporter mice confirmed increased Cldn14 expression and promoter activity in the TAL of Ksp-cre;Pth1rfl/fl mice. Moreover, PTH treatment of HEK293 cells stably transfected with CLDN14-GFP, together with PTH1R, induced cytosolic translocation of CLDN14 from the tight junction. Furthermore, mice with high serum PTH levels, regardless of high or low serum calcium, demonstrated that PTH/PTH1R signaling exerts a suppressive effect on Cldn14. We therefore conclude that PTH1R signaling directly and indirectly regulates the paracellular Ca2+ transport pathway by modulating Cldn14 expression in the TAL. Finally, systemic deletion of Cldn14 completely rescued the hypercalciuric and lower serum calcium phenotype in Ksp-cre;Pth1rfl/fl mice, emphasizing the importance of PTH in inhibiting Cldn14. Consequently, suppressing CLDN14 could provide a potential treatment to correct urinary Ca2+ loss, particularly in patients with hypoparathyroidism.
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Guerreiro R, Brás J, Batista S, Pires P, Ribeiro MH, Almeida MR, Oliveira C, Hardy J, Santana I. Pseudohypoparathyroidism type I-b with neurological involvement is associated with a homozygous PTH1R mutation. Genes Brain Behav 2016; 15:669-77. [PMID: 27415614 PMCID: PMC5026059 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP1b) is characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, increased levels of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH), and no skeletal or developmental abnormalities. The goal of this study was to perform a full characterization of a familial case of PHP1b with neurological involvement and to identify the genetic cause of disease. The initial laboratory profile of the proband showed severe hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and normal levels of PTH, which was considered to be compatible with primary hypoparathyroidism. With disease progression the patient developed cognitive disturbance, PTH levels were found to be slightly elevated and a picture of PTH resistance syndrome seemed more probable. The diagnosis of PHP1b was established after the study of family members and blunted urinary cAMP results were obtained in a PTH stimulation test. Integration of whole genome genotyping and exome sequencing data supported this diagnosis by revealing a novel homozygous missense mutation in PTH1R (p.Arg186His) completely segregating with the disease. Here, we demonstrate segregation of a novel mutation in PTH1R with a phenotype of PHP1b presenting with neurological symptoms, but no bone defects. This case represents the extreme end of the spectrum of cognitive impairment in PTH dysfunction and defines a possible novel form of PHP1b resulting from the impaired interaction between PTH and PTH1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - J Brás
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Batista
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Pires
- Hospital do Santo Espírito, Terceira, Portugal
| | - M H Ribeiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M R Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
| | - C Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - I Santana
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Xiong L, Xia WF, Tang FL, Pan JX, Mei L, Xiong WC. Retromer in Osteoblasts Interacts With Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulator Subunit 14C, Terminates Parathyroid Hormone's Signaling, and Promotes Its Catabolic Response. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:45-60. [PMID: 27333042 PMCID: PMC4972523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays critical, but distinct, roles in bone remodeling, including bone formation (anabolic response) and resorption (catabolic response). Although its signaling and function have been extensively investigated, it just began to be understood how distinct functions are induced by PTH activating a common receptor, the PTH type 1 receptor (PTH1R), and how PTH1R signaling is terminated. Here, we provide evidence for vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), a major component of retromer, in regulating PTH1R trafficking, turning off PTH signaling, and promoting its catabolic function. VPS35 is expressed in osteoblast (OB)-lineage cells. VPS35-deficiency in OBs impaired PTH(1–34)-promoted PTH1R translocation to the trans-Golgi network, enhanced PTH(1–34)-driven signaling, and reduced PTH(1–34)'s catabolic response in culture and in mice. Further mechanical studies revealed that VPS35 interacts with not only PTH1R, but also protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14C (PPP1R14C), an inhibitory subunit of PP1 phosphatase. PPP1R14C also interacts with PTH1R, which is necessary for the increased endosomal PTH1R signaling and decreased PTH(1–34)'s catabolic response in VPS35-deficient OB-lineage cells. Taken together, these results suggest that VPS35 deregulates PTH1R-signaling likely by its interaction with PTH1R and PPP1R14C. This event is critical for the control of PTH(1–34)-signaling dynamics, which may underlie PTH-induced catabolic response and adequate bone remodeling. VPS35 terminates PTH(1-34)-induced cell surface and endosomal signalings Osteoblastic VPS35 promotes PTH(1-34)-driven catabolic response VPS35 interacts with PPP1R14C PPP1R14C also interacts with PTH1R and promotes PTH(1-34)-induced endosomal signaling PPP1R14C is necessary for the increased endosomal PTH1R signaling and decreased PTH(1-34)’s catabolic response in VPS35-deficient OB-lineage cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Wen-Fang Xia
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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Shimomura-Kuroki J, Farooq M, Sekimoto T, Amizuka N, Shimomura Y. Characterization of a PTH1R missense mutation responsible for Jansen type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Odontology 2016; 105:150-154. [PMID: 27160269 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), and its receptor (PTH1R) play an important role in differentiation of bone and cartilage in the developing stages. Constitutive dimers of PTH1R are believed to be dissociated by ligand binding, and monomeric PTH1R is capable of activating G protein. Jansen type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia is caused by missense mutations in PTH1R, which are constitutively active even without the presence of the ligands. However, the underlying pathomechanisms remained largely unknown. In this study, we have attempted to further characterize a PTH1R missense mutation H223R responsible for Jansen type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. cDNAs encoding wild-type (Wt)- and H223R mutant (Mut)-PTH1R were transfected into HEK293T cells, and as a consequence of western blots, both the Wt- and Mut-PTH1R proteins showed several fragments between 55 and 65 kDa in size, while the patterns of N-glycosylation were distinct between them. Then we hypothesized that the Mut-PTH1R might physically interact with the Wt-PTH1R, leading to affect the downstream cAMP accumulation. Co-immunoprecipitation assays clearly showed that interaction occurred not only between the Wt-PTH1R themselves, but also between the Wt- and Mut-PTH1R. Furthermore, we performed CRE reporter assays to investigate cAMP accumulation. Constitutive, ligand-independent cAMP accumulation was observed in HEK293T cells expressing the Mut-PTH1R. Interestingly, there was a statistically lower constitutive activity in HEK293T cells co-expressing the Wt- and Mut-PTH1R proteins. Summarizing, it seems likely that Mut-PTH1R may be, at least in part, co-localized with Wt-PTH1R by forming a heterodimer, leading to affect the function to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Shimomura-Kuroki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamauracho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Sekimoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamauracho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Jelani M, Kang C, Mohamoud HSA, Al-Rehaili R, Almramhi MM, Serafi R, Yang H, Al-Aama JY, Naeem M, Alkhiary YM. A novel homozygous PTH1R variant identified through whole-exome sequencing further expands the clinical spectrum of primary failure of tooth eruption in a consanguineous Saudi family. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 67:28-33. [PMID: 27019138 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to identify the genetic cause of non-syndromic primary failure of tooth eruption in a five-generation consanguineous Saudi family using whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. DESIGN The family pedigree and phenotype were obtained from patient medical records. WES of all four affected family members was performed using the 51 Mb SureSelect V4 library kit and then sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing system. Sequence alignment, variant calling, and the annotation of single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels were performed using standard bioinformatics pipelines. The genotype of candidate variants was confirmed in all available family members by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Pedigree analysis suggested that the inheritance was autosomal recessive. WES of all affected individuals identified a novel homozygous variant in exon 8 of the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor gene (PTH1R) (NM_000316: c.611T>A: p.Val204Glu). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of primary failure of eruption caused by a homozygous mutation in PTH1R. Our findings prove the application of WES as an efficient molecular diagnostics tool for this rare phenotype and further broaden the clinical spectrum of PTH1R pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musharraf Jelani
- Princess Al-Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemistry Department, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Changsoo Kang
- Department of Biology and Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussein Sheikh Ali Mohamoud
- Princess Al-Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Human Genetics Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Sciences (BMS), St. George's University of London (SGUL), London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, UK
| | - Rayan Al-Rehaili
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Mohammad Almramhi
- Princess Al-Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Serafi
- Department of Dermatology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huanming Yang
- Princess Al-Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jumana Yousuf Al-Aama
- Princess Al-Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yaser Mohammad Alkhiary
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Santa Maria C, Cheng Z, Li A, Wang J, Shoback D, Tu CL, Chang W. Interplay between CaSR and PTH1R signaling in skeletal development and osteoanabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 49:11-23. [PMID: 26688334 PMCID: PMC4761456 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) controls the pace of pre- and post-natal growth plate development by activating the PTH1R in chondrocytes, while PTH maintains mineral and skeletal homeostasis by modulating calciotropic activities in kidneys, gut, and bone. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of family C, G protein-coupled receptor, which regulates mineral and skeletal homeostasis by controlling PTH secretion in parathyroid glands and Ca(2+) excretion in kidneys. Recent studies showed the expression of CaSR in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts and confirmed its non-redundant roles in modulating the recruitment, proliferation, survival, and differentiation of the cells. This review emphasizes the actions of CaSR and PTH1R signaling responses in cartilage and bone and discusses how these two signaling cascades interact to control growth plate development and maintain skeletal metabolism in physiological and pathological conditions. Lastly, novel therapeutic regimens that exploit interrelationship between the CaSR and PTH1R are proposed to produce more robust osteoanabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santa Maria
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alfred Li
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiali Wang
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Shoback
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Wu PF, Liang JY, Yu F, Zhou ZB, Tang JY, Li KH. MiR-125b inhibits stromal cell proliferation in giant cell tumor of bone by targeting parathyroid hormone 1 receptor. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2015; 18:705-9. [PMID: 26351562 PMCID: PMC4556765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES miR-125b has been identified as a tumor suppressor in many tumors, but its role in giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone remains poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate the potential role and mechanism of miR-125b in GCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression levels of miR-125b in GCT tissues were determined using RT-PCR. The cell proliferation was surveyed by direct cell counting, MTS and CCK-8, and the apoptotic cells were evaluated by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine staining assay. The target gene expression was determined using RT-PCR and western blot. Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) 3'-UTR was cloned into luciferase reporter plasmid to confirm direct targeting. RESULTS We found that miR-125b was significantly down-regulated in GCT tissues. Using both gain- and loss-of-function analyses, we further revealed that miR-125b suppressed GCT stromal cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we revealed that PTH/PTHrP type 1 receptor is a direct and functional target of miR-125b. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-125b acts as a tumor suppressor through suppression of the PTH1R/RANKL signaling pathway. These findings contribute to our understanding of the functions of miR-125b in GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie-Yu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zheng-Bing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ju-Yu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Kang-Hua Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China,Corresponding author: Kang-Hua Li. Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Fax: 86-731-89753005;
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Yang Y, Wang B. Disruption of β-catenin binding to parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor inhibits PTH-stimulated ERK1/2 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:27-32. [PMID: 26047699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The type I parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) mediates PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) actions on extracellular mineral ion homeostasis and bone remodeling. These effects depend in part on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Sequences located within or at the carboxyl-terminus of PTH1R control its activation and trafficking. β-catenin regulates PTH1R signaling and promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy through binding to the intracellular carboxyl-terminal region of the receptor. How the interaction of PTH1R with β-catenin affects PTH-stimulated ERK1/2 is unknown. In the present study, human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, which do not express the PTH1R, were used to investigate whether the disruption of β-catenin binding to PTH1R affects PTH-stimulated ERK1/2 activation. We demonstrated that β-catenin interacted with wild-type PTH1R but this interaction was markedly reduced with mutant PTH1R (L584A/L585A). PTH stimulated less cAMP formation and increased more intracellular calcium in HEK293 cells transfected with wild-type PTH1R compared with mutant PTH1R, indicating β-catenin switches PTH1R signaling from Gαs activation to Gαq signaling. In addition, ERK1/2 activation in HEK293 cells transfected with PTH1R exhibited time and concentration dependence. PTH-stimulated ERK1/2 activation was mostly mediated through Gαq/PLC signaling pathway. Importantly, transfection of mutant PTH1R decreased PTH-induced ERK1/2 activation by inhibiting Gαq-mediated signaling. This study shows for the first time that the interference of β-catenin binding to PTH1R inhibits PTH-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Standal T, Johnson RW, McGregor NE, Poulton IJ, Ho PWM, Martin TJ, Sims NA. gp130 in late osteoblasts and osteocytes is required for PTH-induced osteoblast differentiation. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:181-90. [PMID: 25228504 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, and is the only currently approved anabolic therapy for osteoporosis. In cells of the osteoblast lineage, PTH also stimulates the expression of members of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) cytokine superfamily. Although the similarity of gene targets regulated by these cytokines and PTH suggest cooperative action, the dependence of PTH anabolic action on IL-6 cytokine signaling is unknown. To determine whether cytokine signaling in the osteocyte through glycoprotein 130 (gp130), the common IL-6 superfamily receptor subunit, is required for PTH anabolic action, male mice with conditional gp130 deletion in osteocytes (Dmp1Cre.gp130(f/f)) and littermate controls (Dmp1Cre.gp130(w/w)) were treated with hPTH(1-34) (30 μg/kg 5× per week for 5 weeks). PTH dramatically increased bone formation in Dmp1Cre.gp130(w/w) mice, as indicated by elevated osteoblast number, osteoid surface, mineralizing surface, and increased serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP). However, in mice with Dmp1Cre-directed deletion of gp130, PTH treatment changed none of these parameters. Impaired PTH anabolic action was associated with a 50% reduction in Pth1r mRNA levels in Dmp1Cre.gp130(f/f) femora compared with Dmp1Cre.gp130(w/w). Furthermore, lentiviral-Cre infection of gp130(f/f) primary osteoblasts also lowered Pth1r mRNA levels to 16% of that observed in infected C57/BL6 cells. In conclusion, osteocytic gp130 is required to maintain PTH1R expression in the osteoblast lineage, and for the stimulation of osteoblast differentiation that occurs in response to PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Standal
- St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Narelle E McGregor
- St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patricia W M Ho
- St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T John Martin
- St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway St.Vincent's Institute of Medical Research9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneThe University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Cancer Research and Molecular MedicineThe KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Savoldi G, Izzi C, Signorelli M, Bondioni MP, Romani C, Lanzi G, Moratto D, Verdoni L, Pinotti M, Prefumo F, Superti-Furga A, Pilotta A. Prenatal presentation and postnatal evolution of a patient with Jansen metaphyseal dysplasia with a novel missense mutation in PTH1R. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2614-9. [PMID: 23950054 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Wave-shaped ribs were detected at prenatal ultrasound in a 20(+1) week female fetus. At birth, skeletal radiographs showed marked hypomineralization and suggested hypophosphatasia. However, elevated blood calcium and alkaline phosphatase excluded hypophosphatasia and raised the possibility of Jansen metaphyseal dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the PTH/PTHrP receptor gene (PTH1R) showed heterozygosity for a previously undescribed transversion variant (c.1373T>A), which predicts p.Ile458Lys. In vitro evaluation of wild type and mutant PTH/PTHrP receptors supported the pathogenic role of the p.Ile458Lys substitution, and confirmed the diagnosis of Jansen metaphyseal dysplasia. This disorder may present prenatally with wavy ribs and in the newborn with hypomineralization, and may therefore be confused with hypophosphatasia. The mottled metaphyseal lesions typically associated with this disease appear only in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Savoldi
- Laboratory of Genetic Disorders of Childhood, A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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