1
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Grosse C, Sigoillot M, Megalizzi V, Tanina A, Willand N, Baulard AR, Wintjens R. Crystal structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis VirS regulator reveals its interaction with the lead compound SMARt751. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108090. [PMID: 38548139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Ethionamide (ETO) is a prodrug that is primarily used as a second-line agent in the treatment of tuberculosis. Among the bacterial ETO activators, the monooxygenase MymA has been recently identified, and its expression is regulated by the mycobacterial regulator VirS. The discovery of VirS ligands that can enhance mymA expression and thereby increase the antimycobacterial efficacy of ETO, has led to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy against tuberculosis. This strategy involves the selection of preclinical candidates, including SMARt751. We report the first crystal structure of the AraC-like regulator VirS, in complex with SMARt751, refined at 1.69 Å resolution. Crystals were obtained via an in situ proteolysis method in the requisite presence of SMARt751. The elucidated structure corresponds to the ligand-binding domain of VirS, adopting an α/β fold with structural similarities to H-NOX domains. Within the VirS structure, SMARt751 is situated in a completely enclosed hydrophobic cavity, where it forms hydrogen bonds with Asn11 and Asn149 as well as van der Waals contacts with various hydrophobic amino acids. Comprehensive structural comparisons within the AraC family of transcriptional regulators are conducted and analyzed to figure out the effects of the SMARt751 binding on the regulatory activity of VirS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Grosse
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maud Sigoillot
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Véronique Megalizzi
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Abdalkarim Tanina
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - René Wintjens
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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2
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Létard P, Wintjens R, Van-Gils J, Martinovic J, Laffargue F, Dufernez F, Egloff M. Intriguing link between fetal intracranial hemorrhage and X-linked recessive chondrodysplasia punctata. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024. [PMID: 38180709 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- P Létard
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Génétique, Poitiers, France
| | - R Wintjens
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - J Van-Gils
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Martinovic
- Unité de Foetopathologie, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, France
| | - F Laffargue
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - F Dufernez
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Génétique, Poitiers, France
| | - M Egloff
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Génétique, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM 1084, LNEC, Poitiers, France
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3
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Grosse C, Brandt N, Van Antwerpen P, Wintjens R, Matthijs S. Two new siderophores produced by Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 10586: The anti-oomycete non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-dependent mupirochelin and the NRPS-independent triabactin. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1143861. [PMID: 37032897 PMCID: PMC10080011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1143861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Globisporangium ultimum is an oomycetal pathogen causing damping-off on over 300 different plant hosts. Currently, as for many phytopathogens, its control relies in the use of chemicals with negative impact on health and ecosystems. Therefore, many biocontrol strategies are under investigation to reduce the use of fungicides. Results In this study, the soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 10586 demonstrates a strong iron-repressed in vitro antagonism against G. ultimum MUCL 38045. This antagonism does not depend on the secretion of the broad-range antibiotic mupirocin or of the siderophore pyoverdine by the bacterial strain. The inhibitor molecule was identified as a novel non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) siderophore named mupirochelin. Its putative structure bears similarities to other siderophores and bioactive compounds. The transcription of its gene cluster is affected by the biosynthesis of pyoverdine, the major known siderophore of the strain. Besides mupirochelin, we observed the production of a third and novel NRPS-independent siderophore (NIS), here termed triabactin. The iron-responsive transcriptional repression of the two newly identified siderophore gene clusters corroborates their role as iron scavengers. However, their respective contributions to the strain fitness are dissimilar. Bacterial growth in iron-deprived conditions is greatly supported by pyoverdine production and, to a lesser extent, by triabactin. On the contrary, mupirochelin does not contribute to the strain fitness under the studied conditions. Conclusion Altogether, we have demonstrated here that besides pyoverdine, Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 10586 produces two newly identified siderophores, namely mupirochelin, a weak siderophore with strong antagonism activity against G. ultimum, and the potent siderophore triabactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Grosse
- Unité de Recherche NaturaMonas, Institut de Recherche LABIRIS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Brandt
- Unité de Recherche NaturaMonas, Institut de Recherche LABIRIS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3 – Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René Wintjens
- Unité Microbiologie, Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Matthijs
- Unité de Recherche NaturaMonas, Institut de Recherche LABIRIS, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sandra Matthijs,
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4
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Sawant M, Benamrouz-Vanneste S, Meloni D, Gantois N, Even G, Guyot K, Creusy C, Duval E, Wintjens R, Weitzman JB, Chabe M, Viscogliosi E, Certad G. Putative SET-domain methyltransferases in Cryptosporidium parvum and histone methylation during infection. Virulence 2022; 13:1632-1650. [PMID: 36097362 PMCID: PMC9487757 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2123363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a leading cause of diarrhoeal illness worldwide being a significant threat to young children and immunocompromised patients, but the pathogenesis caused by this parasite remains poorly understood. C. parvum was recently linked with oncogenesis. Notably, the mechanisms of gene expression regulation are unexplored in Cryptosporidium and little is known about how the parasite impact host genome regulation. Here, we investigated potential histone lysine methylation, a dynamic epigenetic modification, during the life cycle of the parasite. We identified SET-domain containing proteins, putative lysine methyltransferases (KMTs), in the C. parvum genome and classified them phylogenetically into distinct subfamilies (namely CpSET1, CpSET2, CpSET8, CpKMTox and CpAKMT). Our structural analysis further characterized CpSET1, CpSET2 and CpSET8 as histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs). The expression of the CpSET genes varies considerably during the parasite life cycle and specific methyl-lysine antibodies showed dynamic changes in parasite histone methylation during development (CpSET1:H3K4; CpSET2:H3K36; CpSET8:H4K20). We investigated the impact of C. parvum infection on the host histone lysine methylation. Remarkably, parasite infection led to a considerable decrease in host H3K36me3 and H3K27me3 levels, highlighting the potential of the parasite to exploit the host epigenetic regulation to its advantage. This is the first study to describe epigenetic mechanisms occurring throughout the parasite life cycle and during the host–parasite interaction. A better understanding of histone methylation in both parasite and host genomes may highlight novel infection control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Sawant
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Unité de Recherche Smart and Sustainable Cities, Faculté de Gestion, Economie et Sciences, Institut Catholique de Lille, France
| | - Dionigia Meloni
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gaël Even
- Gènes Diffusion, F-59501 Douai, France.,PEGASE-Biosicences Plateforme d'Expertises Génomiques Appliquées aux Sciences Expérimentales, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Guyot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Colette Creusy
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Erika Duval
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - René Wintjens
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan B Weitzman
- UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell, Université Paris Cité, Fate, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Magali Chabe
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59462 Lomme, France
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5
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Flipo M, Frita R, Bourotte M, Martínez-Martínez MS, Boesche M, Boyle GW, Derimanov G, Drewes G, Gamallo P, Ghidelli-Disse S, Gresham S, Jiménez E, de Mercado J, Pérez-Herrán E, Porras-De Francisco E, Rullas J, Casado P, Leroux F, Piveteau C, Kiass M, Mathys V, Soetaert K, Megalizzi V, Tanina A, Wintjens R, Antoine R, Brodin P, Delorme V, Moune M, Djaout K, Slupek S, Kemmer C, Gitzinger M, Ballell L, Mendoza-Losana A, Lociuro S, Deprez B, Barros-Aguirre D, Remuiñán MJ, Willand N, Baulard AR. The small-molecule SMARt751 reverses Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to ethionamide in acute and chronic mouse models of tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eaaz6280. [PMID: 35507672 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), to antibiotic prodrugs is dependent on the efficacy of the activation process that transforms the prodrugs into their active antibacterial moieties. Various oxidases of M. tuberculosis have the potential to activate the prodrug ethionamide. Here, we used medicinal chemistry coupled with a phenotypic assay to select the N-acylated 4-phenylpiperidine compound series. The lead compound, SMARt751, interacted with the transcriptional regulator VirS of M. tuberculosis, which regulates the mymA operon encoding a monooxygenase that activates ethionamide. SMARt751 boosted the efficacy of ethionamide in vitro and in mouse models of acute and chronic TB. SMARt751 also restored full efficacy of ethionamide in mice infected with M. tuberculosis strains carrying mutations in the ethA gene, which cause ethionamide resistance in the clinic. SMARt751 was shown to be safe in tests conducted in vitro and in vivo. A model extrapolating animal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters to humans predicted that as little as 25 mg of SMARt751 daily would allow a fourfold reduction in the dose of ethionamide administered while retaining the same efficacy and reducing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Flipo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rosangela Frita
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marilyne Bourotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.,BioVersys SAS, Lille, France
| | | | - Markus Boesche
- Cellzome GmbH . A GSK Company, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gary W Boyle
- GSK, David Jack Centre for R&D, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, UK
| | - Geo Derimanov
- GSK, Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome GmbH . A GSK Company, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Gamallo
- GSK, Tres Cantos R&D, PTM, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stephanie Gresham
- GSK, David Jack Centre for R&D, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, UK
| | - Elena Jiménez
- GSK, Tres Cantos R&D, PTM, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Joaquín Rullas
- GSK, Tres Cantos R&D, PTM, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Kiass
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Mathys
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Soetaert
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Megalizzi
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Facult. de Pharmacie, Universit. Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abdalkarim Tanina
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Facult. de Pharmacie, Universit. Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René Wintjens
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Facult. de Pharmacie, Universit. Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rudy Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Delorme
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Moune
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kamel Djaout
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Slupek
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | - Lluis Ballell
- GSK, Tres Cantos R&D, PTM, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
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6
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Demaret T, Wintjens R, Sana G, Docquir J, Bertin F, Ide C, Monestier O, Karadurmus D, Benoit V, Maystadt I. Case Report: Inactivating PTH/PTHrP Signaling Disorder Type 1 Presenting With PTH Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:928284. [PMID: 35846276 PMCID: PMC9280615 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.928284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PTH resistance is characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and it is classically associated with GNAS locus genetic or epigenetic defects. Inactivating PTH/PTHrP signaling disorders (iPPSD) define overlapping phenotypes based on their molecular etiology. iPPSD1 is associated with PTH1R variants and variable phenotypes including ossification anomalies and primary failure of tooth eruption but no endocrine disorder. Here we report on a 10-month-old child born from consanguineous parents, who presented with mild neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, enlarged fontanelles, round face, and bilateral clinodactyly. Hand x-rays showed diffuse delayed bone age, osteopenia, short metacarpal bones and cone-shaped distal phalanges. A diagnosis of PTH resistance was made on the basis of severe hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated PTH and normal vitamin D levels on blood sample. The patient was treated with calcium carbonate and alfacalcidol leading to rapid bio-clinical improvement. Follow-up revealed multiple agenesis of primary teeth and delayed teeth eruption, as well as Arnold-Chiari type 1 malformation requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. GNAS gene analysis showed no pathogenic variation, but a likely pathogenic homozygous substitution c.723C>G p.(Asp241Glu) in PTH1R gene was found by trio-based whole exome sequencing. We studied the deleterious impact of the variant on the protein conformation with bioinformatics tools. In conclusion, our study reports for the first time PTH resistance in a child with a biallelic PTH1R mutation, extending thereby the clinical spectrum of iPPSD1 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Demaret
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Tanguy Demaret,
| | - René Wintjens
- Unité Microbiologie, Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwenaelle Sana
- Service de Pédiatrie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Joachim Docquir
- Service de Pédiatrie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Frederic Bertin
- Service de Radiologie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Christophe Ide
- Service de Radiologie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Olivier Monestier
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Deniz Karadurmus
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valerie Benoit
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique (IPG), Gosselies, Belgium
- Département de Médecine, Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Moléculaire (URPhyM), Université de Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
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7
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Wintjens R, Bifani AM, Bifani P. Impact of glycan cloud on the B-cell epitope prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:81. [PMID: 32944295 PMCID: PMC7474083 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak originated in China in late 2019 and has since spread to pandemic proportions. Diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines are urgently needed. We model the trimeric Spike protein, including flexible loops and all N-glycosylation sites, in order to elucidate accessible epitopes for antibody-based diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccine development. Based on published experimental data, six homogeneous glycosylation patterns and two heterogeneous ones were used for the analysis. The glycan chains alter the accessible surface areas on the S-protein, impeding antibody-antigen recognition. In presence of glycan, epitopes on the S1 subunit, that notably contains the receptor binding domain, remain mostly accessible to antibodies while those present on the S2 subunit are predominantly inaccessible. We identify 28 B-cell epitopes in the Spike structure and group them as non-affected by the glycan cloud versus those which are strongly masked by the glycan cloud, resulting in a list of favourable epitopes as targets for vaccine development, antibody-based therapy and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Wintjens
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amanda Makha Bifani
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Pablo Bifani
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648 Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077 Singapore
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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8
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Mbosso Teinkela JE, Siwe Noundou X, Zeh Mimba JE, Meyer F, Tabouguia OM, Assob Nguedia JC, Hoppe HC, Krause RWM, Wintjens R, Azebaze GAB. Compound isolation and biological activities of Piptadeniastrum africanum (hook.f.) Brennan roots. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 255:112716. [PMID: 32151754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dicotyledonous plant Piptadeniastrum africanum (hook.f.) Brennan (Fabaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat various human complaints including bronchitis, coughing, urino-genital ailments, meningitis, abdominal pain, treatment of wounds, malaria and gastrointestinal ailments, and is used as a purgative and worm expeller. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study describes the phytochemical investigation and the determination of the antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities of crude extract, fractions and compounds extracted from Piptadeniastrum africanum roots. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated compounds were obtained using several chromatographic techniques. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR) and by comparing their NMR data with those found in literature. In vitro antimicrobial activity of samples was evaluated using the microdilution method on bacterial (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal (Candida krusei) strains, while in vitro cell-growth inhibition activities were assessed against two parasites (Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7). The cytotoxicity properties of samples were assayed against HeLa human cervical carcinoma. RESULTS Five compounds were isolated and identified as: tricosanol 1, 5α-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-β-ol 2, betulinic acid 3, oleanolic acid 4 and piptadenamide 5. This is the first report of the isolation of these five compounds from the roots of P. africanum. The (Hex:EtOAc 50:50) fraction exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against P. mirabilis (MIC 250 μg/mL), while the other fractions and isolated compounds had weak antimicrobial activities. Only the EtOAc fraction presented a moderate antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 16.5 μg/mL. The MeOH crude extract and three fractions (Hexane, Hexane-EtOAc 25% and EtOAc-MeOH 25%) exhibited significant trypanocidal activity with IC50 values of 3.0, 37.5, 3.8 and 9.5 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated a scientific rational of the traditional uses of P. africanum and indicate that this plant should be further investigated to identify some of the chemical components that exhibited the activities reported in this study and therefore may constitute new lead candidates in parasiticidal drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Emmanuel Mbosso Teinkela
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Department RD3, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Xavier Siwe Noundou
- University Institute of Wood Technology of Mbalmayo, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon; Nanomaterials and Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, South Africa
| | | | - Franck Meyer
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Department RD3, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | | | | | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, South Africa
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Nanomaterials and Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, South Africa
| | - René Wintjens
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Department RD3, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
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9
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Faïon L, Djaout K, Frita R, Pintiala C, Cantrelle FX, Moune M, Vandeputte A, Bourbiaux K, Piveteau C, Herledan A, Biela A, Leroux F, Kremer L, Blaise M, Tanina A, Wintjens R, Hanoulle X, Déprez B, Willand N, Baulard AR, Flipo M. Discovery of the first Mycobacterium tuberculosis MabA (FabG1) inhibitors through a fragment-based screening. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112440. [PMID: 32505086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis, remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant M.tb strains stresses the need for drugs acting on new targets. Mycolic acids are very long chain fatty acids playing an essential role in the architecture and permeability of the mycobacterial cell wall. Their biosynthesis involves two fatty acid synthase (FAS) systems. Among the four enzymes (MabA, HadAB/BC, InhA and KasA/B) of the FAS-II cycle, MabA (FabG1) remains the only one for which specific inhibitors have not been reported yet. The development of a new LC-MS/MS based enzymatic assay allowed the screening of a 1280 fragment-library and led to the discovery of the first small molecules that inhibit MabA activity. A fragment from the anthranilic acid series was optimized into more potent inhibitors and their binding to MabA was confirmed by 19F ligand-observed NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Faïon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Kamel Djaout
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rosangela Frita
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Catalin Pintiala
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Cantrelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France; CNRS, ERL9002 - Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Martin Moune
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Vandeputte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Kevin Bourbiaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Adrien Herledan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Biela
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, 34293, Montpellier, France; INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mickael Blaise
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdalkarim Tanina
- Unité Microbiologie, Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), Département RD3, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René Wintjens
- Unité Microbiologie, Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), Département RD3, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France; CNRS, ERL9002 - Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Déprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marion Flipo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France.
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10
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Villemagne B, Machelart A, Tran NC, Flipo M, Moune M, Leroux F, Piveteau C, Wohlkönig A, Wintjens R, Li X, Gref R, Brodin P, Deprez B, Baulard AR, Willand N. Fragment-Based Optimized EthR Inhibitors with in Vivo Ethionamide Boosting Activity. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:366-378. [PMID: 32011115 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Killing more than one million people each year, tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The growing threat of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis stresses the need for alternative therapies. EthR, a mycobacterial transcriptional regulator, is involved in the control of the bioactivation of the second-line drug ethionamide. We have previously reported the discovery of in vitro nanomolar boosters of ethionamide through fragment-based approaches. In this study, we have further explored the structure-activity and structure-property relationships in this chemical family. By combining structure-based drug design and in vitro evaluation of the compounds, we identified a new oxadiazole compound as the first fragment-based ethionamide booster which proved to be active in vivo, in an acute model of tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Villemagne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177—Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL−Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ngoc Chau Tran
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177—Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marion Flipo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177—Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Moune
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL−Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177—Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177—Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Wohlkönig
- Structural Biology Brussels and Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René Wintjens
- Unité Microbiologie, Chimie bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xue Li
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR CNRS 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Ruxandra Gref
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR CNRS 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL−Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177—Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL−Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177—Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
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11
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Brito AS, Neuhäuser B, Wintjens R, Marini AM, Boeckstaens M. Yeast filamentation signaling is connected to a specific substrate translocation mechanism of the Mep2 transceptor. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008634. [PMID: 32069286 PMCID: PMC7048316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimorphic transition from the yeast to the filamentous form of growth allows cells to explore their environment for more suitable niches and is often crucial for the virulence of pathogenic fungi. In contrast to their Mep1/3 paralogues, fungal Mep2-type ammonium transport proteins of the conserved Mep-Amt-Rh family have been assigned an additional receptor role required to trigger the filamentation signal in response to ammonium scarcity. Here, genetic, kinetic and structure-function analyses were used to shed light on the poorly characterized signaling role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mep2. We show that Mep2 variants lacking the C-terminal tail conserve the ability to induce filamentation, revealing that signaling can proceed in the absence of exclusive binding of a putative partner to the largest cytosolic domain of the protein. Our data support that filamentation signaling requires the conformational changes accompanying substrate translocation through the pore crossing the hydrophobic core of Mep2. pHluorin reporter assays show that the transport activity of Mep2 and of non-signaling Mep1 differently affect yeast cytosolic pH in vivo, and that the unique pore variant Mep2H194E, with apparent uncoupling of transport and signaling functions, acquires increased ability of acidification. Functional characterization in Xenopus oocytes reveals that Mep2 mediates electroneutral substrate translocation while Mep1 performs electrogenic transport. Our findings highlight that the Mep2-dependent filamentation induction is connected to its specific transport mechanism, suggesting a role of pH in signal mediation. Finally, we show that the signaling process is conserved for the Mep2 protein from the human pathogen Candida albicans. Fungal Mep2-type ammonium transport proteins of the conserved Mep-Amt-Rh family that includes human Rhesus factors are specifically required to allow filamentation in response to ammonium limitation. These proteins were therefore assigned a receptor role while the underlying mechanism of signal transduction remains poorly understood. The “transceptor” property has subsequently been proposed to concern transporters of all kind of micro- and macro- nutrients in eukaryotes, from fungi to human. However, bringing the firm demonstration of their existence remains challenging as variants with full uncoupling of transport and receptor functions are difficult to obtain. Our data question the involvement of the C-terminal extremity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mep2 in the signal mediation leading to filamentation. If signaling partners exist, they should also bind to cytosolic loops and/or membrane-embedded domains. The capacity of Mep2 to enable filamentation is closely intertwined to the mechanism of substrate translocation through the pore of the hydrophobic core of the protein. In Xenopus oocytes, the transport activity of non-signaling Mep1 is electrogenic while it is electroneutral for Mep2, the latter likely translocating the weak base NH3, but not the proton released after NH4+ recognition and depronotation. We propose that given consequences of a Mep2-specific transport process, such as an intracellular pH modification, could be the underlying cause of the filamentation signal ensured by Mep2-type proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Brito
- Biology of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Wintjens
- Unité Microbiologie, Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, Département RD3, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Maria Marini
- Biology of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- * E-mail: (AMM); (MB)
| | - Mélanie Boeckstaens
- Biology of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- * E-mail: (AMM); (MB)
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12
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Prevet H, Moune M, Tanina A, Kemmer C, Herledan A, Frita R, Wohlkönig A, Bourotte M, Villemagne B, Leroux F, Gitzinger M, Baulard AR, Déprez B, Wintjens R, Willand N, Flipo M. A fragment-based approach towards the discovery of N-substituted tropinones as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional regulator EthR2. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:426-438. [PMID: 30784877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, represents one of the most challenging threat to public health worldwide, and with the increasing resistance to approved TB drugs, it is needed to develop new strategies to address this issue. Ethionamide is one of the most widely used drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB. It is a prodrug that requires activation by mycobacterial monooxygenases to inhibit the enoyl-ACP reductase InhA, which is involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis. Very recently, we identified that inhibition of a transcriptional repressor, termed EthR2, derepresses a new bioactivation pathway that results in the boosting of ethionamide activation. Herein, we describe the identification of potent EthR2 inhibitors using fragment-based screening and structure-based optimization. A target-based screening of a fragment library using thermal shift assay followed by X-ray crystallography identified 5 hits. Rapid optimization of the tropinone chemical series led to compounds with improved in vitro potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Prevet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Martin Moune
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Abdalkarim Tanina
- Unité Microbiologie, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), département R3D, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Adrien Herledan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rosangela Frita
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Wohlkönig
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnology (VIB), B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Baptiste Villemagne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marc Gitzinger
- Bioversys AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Déprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - René Wintjens
- Unité Microbiologie, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), département R3D, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Marion Flipo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
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13
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Tanina A, Wohlkönig A, Soror SH, Flipo M, Villemagne B, Prevet H, Déprez B, Moune M, Perée H, Meyer F, Baulard AR, Willand N, Wintjens R. A comprehensive analysis of the protein-ligand interactions in crystal structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis EthR. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2018; 1867:248-258. [PMID: 30553830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis EthR is a member of the TetR family of repressors, controlling the expression of EthA, a mono-oxygenase responsible for the bioactivation of the prodrug ethionamide. This protein was established as a promising therapeutic target against tuberculosis, allowing, when inhibited by a drug-like molecule, to boost the action of ethionamide. Dozens of EthR crystal structures have been solved in complex with ligands. Herein, we disclose EthR structures in complex with 18 different small molecules and then performed in-depth analysis on the complete set of EthR structures that provides insights on EthR-ligand interactions. The 81 molecules solved in complex with EthR show a large diversity of chemical structures that were split up into several chemical clusters. Two of the most striking common points of EthR-ligand interactions are the quasi-omnipresence of a hydrogen bond bridging compounds with Asn179 and the high occurrence of π-π interactions involving Phe110. A systematic analysis of the protein-ligand contacts identified eight hot spot residues that defined the basic structural features governing the binding mode of small molecules to EthR. Implications for the design of new potent inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalkarim Tanina
- Unité Microbiologie, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), département R3D, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Wohlkönig
- Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnology (VIB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sameh H Soror
- Center of scientific excellence, Helwan Structural Biology Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain helwan, 11792 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marion Flipo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Baptiste Villemagne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hugues Prevet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Déprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Moune
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hélène Perée
- Unité Microbiologie, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), département R3D, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Franck Meyer
- Unité Microbiologie, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), département R3D, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - René Wintjens
- Unité Microbiologie, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire (CP206/04), département R3D, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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14
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Berger G, Soubhye J, Wintjens R, Robeyns K, Meyer F. Crystal packing and theoretical analysis of halogen- and hydrogen-bonded hydrazones from pharmaceuticals. Evidence of type I and II halogen bonds in extended chains of dichloromethane. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520618014221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular assembly of halogenated and hydroxyl hydrazones derived from two well known pharmaceuticals, isoniazid (IsX, where X = I, Br, OH) and hydralazine (HyX, where X = I, Br, OH), was studied by X-ray crystallography and theoretical methods. Crystal packing of IsI and HyI shows weak I...N and I...π halogen bonds, whereas the hydrogen bonds are dominant in the brominated scaffolds IsBr and HyBr. Although the calculated I...N interaction strength appears almost three times weaker than the O—H...N contacts in the isoniazid-based hydrazones, the higher directionality of the halogen bonds induces a linear and planar architecture of self-complementary tectons, observed only with the help of a bridging water molecule in the case of IsOH. Finally, the X-ray structure of HyOH is characterized by an unexpected linear arrangement of clathrated dichloromethane molecules bound through type I and II halogen bonds. This rare phenomenon, observed in less than ten structures, was studied by coupled cluster-based energy decomposition.
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15
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Dauchy C, Bautin N, Nseir S, Reboux G, Wintjens R, Le Rouzic O, Sendid B, Viscogliosi E, Le Pape P, Arendrup MC, Gosset P, Fry S, Fréalle E. Emergence of Aspergillus fumigatus azole resistance in azole-naïve patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their homes. Indoor Air 2018; 28:298-306. [PMID: 29082624 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) has been reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but has not been specifically assessed so far. Here, we evaluated ARAF prevalence in azole-naïve COPD patients and their homes, and assessed whether CYP51A mutations were similar in clinical and environmental reservoirs. Sixty respiratory samples from 41 COPD patients with acute exacerbation and environmental samples from 36 of these patient's homes were prospectively collected. A. fumigatus was detected in respiratory samples from 11 of 41 patients (27%) and in 15 of 36 domiciles (42%). Cyp51A sequencing and selection on itraconazole medium of clinical (n = 68) and environmental (n = 48) isolates yielded ARAF detection in 1 of 11 A. fumigatus colonized patients with COPD (9%) and 2 of 15 A. fumigatus-positive patient's homes (13%). The clinical isolate had no CYP51A mutation. Two environmental isolates from two patients harbored TR34 /L98H mutation, and one had an H285Y mutation. Coexistence of different cyp51A genotypes and/or azole resistance profiles was detected in 3 of 8 respiratory and 2 of 10 environmental samples with more than one isolate, confirming the need for a systematic screening of all clinically relevant isolates. The high prevalence of ARAF in patients with COPD and their homes supports the need for further studies to assess the prevalence of azole resistance in patients with Aspergillus diseases in Northern France.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dauchy
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Lille, France
| | - N Bautin
- CHU Lille, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Lille, France
| | - S Nseir
- CHU Lille, Critical Care Center, Lille, France
| | - G Reboux
- Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté & Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Besançon, Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - R Wintjens
- Research in Drug Development, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - O Le Rouzic
- CHU Lille, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Lille, France
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - B Sendid
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Lille, France
- Inserm U995, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - E Viscogliosi
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - P Le Pape
- EA1155-IICiMed, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - M C Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Gosset
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - S Fry
- CHU Lille, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Lille, France
| | - E Fréalle
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Lille, France
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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16
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Wohlkönig A, Remaut H, Moune M, Tanina A, Meyer F, Desroses M, Steyaert J, Willand N, Baulard AR, Wintjens R. Structural analysis of the interaction between spiroisoxazoline SMARt-420 and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis repressor EthR2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:403-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Blondiaux N, Moune M, Desroses M, Frita R, Flipo M, Mathys V, Soetaert K, Kiass M, Delorme V, Djaout K, Trebosc V, Kemmer C, Wintjens R, Wohlkönig A, Antoine R, Huot L, Hot D, Coscolla M, Feldmann J, Gagneux S, Locht C, Brodin P, Gitzinger M, Déprez B, Willand N, Baulard AR. Reversion of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by spiroisoxazoline SMARt-420. Science 2017; 355:1206-1211. [PMID: 28302858 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to human health globally. Alarmingly, multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis have now spread worldwide. Some key antituberculosis antibiotics are prodrugs, for which resistance mechanisms are mainly driven by mutations in the bacterial enzymatic pathway required for their bioactivation. We have developed drug-like molecules that activate a cryptic alternative bioactivation pathway of ethionamide in M. tuberculosis, circumventing the classic activation pathway in which resistance mutations have now been observed. The first-of-its-kind molecule, named SMARt-420 (Small Molecule Aborting Resistance), not only fully reverses ethionamide-acquired resistance and clears ethionamide-resistant infection in mice, it also increases the basal sensitivity of bacteria to ethionamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blondiaux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Moune
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Desroses
- Université Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.,Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosangela Frita
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marion Flipo
- Université Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Mathys
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Bacterial Diseases Service, Operational Direction Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Soetaert
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Bacterial Diseases Service, Operational Direction Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mehdi Kiass
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Bacterial Diseases Service, Operational Direction Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Delorme
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, South Korea
| | - Kamel Djaout
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Trebosc
- Bioversys AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.,Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - René Wintjens
- Laboratoire des Biopolymères et des Nanomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Wohlkönig
- VIB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rudy Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Huot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mireia Coscolla
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc Gitzinger
- Bioversys AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Déprez
- Université Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Université Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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18
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Lim MYX, LaMonte G, Lee MC, Reimer C, Tan BH, Corey V, Tjahjadi BF, Chua A, Nachon M, Wintjens R, Gedeck P, Malleret B, Renia L, Bonamy GM, Ho PCL, Yeung BKS, Chow ED, Lim L, Fidock DA, Diagana TT, Winzeler EA, Bifani P. UDP-galactose and acetyl-CoA transporters as Plasmodium multidrug resistance genes. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16166. [PMID: 27642791 PMCID: PMC5575994 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A molecular understanding of drug resistance mechanisms enables surveillance of the effectiveness of new antimicrobial therapies during development and deployment in the field. We used conventional drug resistance selection as well as a regime of limiting dilution at early stages of drug treatment to probe two antimalarial imidazolopiperazines, KAF156 and GNF179. The latter approach permits the isolation of low-fitness mutants that might otherwise be out-competed during selection. Whole-genome sequencing of 24 independently derived resistant Plasmodium falciparum clones revealed four parasites with mutations in the known cyclic amine resistance locus (pfcarl) and a further 20 with mutations in two previously unreported P. falciparum drug resistance genes, an acetyl-CoA transporter (pfact) and a UDP-galactose transporter (pfugt). Mutations were validated both in vitro by CRISPR editing in P. falciparum and in vivo by evolution of resistant Plasmodium berghei mutants. Both PfACT and PfUGT were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum by fluorescence microscopy. As mutations in pfact and pfugt conveyed resistance against additional unrelated chemical scaffolds, these genes are probably involved in broad mechanisms of antimalarial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yi-Xiu Lim
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Gregory LaMonte
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Marcus C.S. Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Christin Reimer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Bee Huat Tan
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
| | - Victoria Corey
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Bianca F. Tjahjadi
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System
| | - Adeline Chua
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
| | - Marie Nachon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - René Wintjens
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Gedeck
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*Star, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*Star, Singapore
| | | | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | | | - Eric D. Chow
- Center for Advanced Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Liting Lim
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
| | - David A. Fidock
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Thierry T. Diagana
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System
| | - Elizabeth A. Winzeler
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Bifani
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System
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19
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Mbosso Teinkela JE, Siwe Noundou X, Nguemfo EL, Meyer F, Djoukoue A, Van Antwerpen P, Ngouela S, Tsamo E, Mpondo Mpondo EA, Vardamides JC, Azebaze GAB, Wintjens R. Identification of compounds with anti-proliferative activity from the wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Mbosso Teinkela JE, Assob Nguedia JC, Meyer F, Vouffo Donfack E, Lenta Ndjakou B, Ngouela S, Tsamo E, Adiogo D, Guy Blaise Azebaze A, Wintjens R. In vitro antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of plant extracts from Spathodea campanulata, Ficus bubu, and Carica papaya. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1086-1095. [PMID: 26799575 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT African medicinal plants represent a prominent source of new active substances. In this context, three plants were selected for biological investigations based on their traditional uses. OBJECTIVE The antimicrobial and anti-proliferative features of three plants used for medicinal purpose were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of Ficus bubu Warb. (Moraceae) stem bark and leaves, of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. (Bignoniaceae) flowers, as well as those of Carica papaya Linn. (Caricaceae) latex, were determined using the microbroth dilution method against a set of bacteria and fungi pathogens including: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus, S. epidermididis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton rubrum. The tested concentrations of extracts ranged from 2500.0 to 2.4 μg/mL and MIC values were evaluated after 24 h incubation at 37 °C. Subsequently, MTT assay was used to estimate anti-proliferative activity of these methanol extracts and of F. bubu latex on three human cancer cell lines (U373 glioblastoma, A549 NSCLC, and SKMEL-28 melanoma). RESULTS The methanol extract of F. bubu stem bark exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against C. albicans with a MIC value of 9.8 μg/mL, while the F. bubu latex and the methanol extract of F. bubu leaves induced significant anti-proliferative activity against lung (IC50 values of 10 and 14 μg/mL, respectively) and glioma (IC50 values of 13 and 16 μg/mL, respectively) cancer cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate that effective drugs could be derived from the three studied plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Emmanuel Mbosso Teinkela
- a Département Des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté De Médecine Et Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques (FMSP) , Université De Douala , Douala , Cameroun
- b Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials, Faculté De Pharmacie , Université Libre De Bruxelles (ULB) , Campus Plaine (CP 206/4), Boulevard Du Triomphe , Brussels , Belgium
- c Laboratoire De Chimie Bio-Organique, Analytique Et Structurale, Département De Chimie, Faculté Des Sciences , Université De Douala , Douala , Cameroun
| | | | - Franck Meyer
- b Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials, Faculté De Pharmacie , Université Libre De Bruxelles (ULB) , Campus Plaine (CP 206/4), Boulevard Du Triomphe , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Erik Vouffo Donfack
- e Laboratoire De Substances Naturelles Et Synthèse Organique, Département De Chimie Organique, Faculté Des Sciences , Université De Yaoundé I , Yaoundé , Cameroun
| | - Bruno Lenta Ndjakou
- f Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College , University of Yaoundé 1 , P.O. Box 47 , Yaoundé , Cameroun
| | - Silvère Ngouela
- e Laboratoire De Substances Naturelles Et Synthèse Organique, Département De Chimie Organique, Faculté Des Sciences , Université De Yaoundé I , Yaoundé , Cameroun
| | - Etienne Tsamo
- e Laboratoire De Substances Naturelles Et Synthèse Organique, Département De Chimie Organique, Faculté Des Sciences , Université De Yaoundé I , Yaoundé , Cameroun
| | - Dieudonné Adiogo
- a Département Des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté De Médecine Et Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques (FMSP) , Université De Douala , Douala , Cameroun
| | - Anatole Guy Blaise Azebaze
- c Laboratoire De Chimie Bio-Organique, Analytique Et Structurale, Département De Chimie, Faculté Des Sciences , Université De Douala , Douala , Cameroun
| | - René Wintjens
- b Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials, Faculté De Pharmacie , Université Libre De Bruxelles (ULB) , Campus Plaine (CP 206/4), Boulevard Du Triomphe , Brussels , Belgium
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21
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Wintjens R, Bozon D, Belabbas K, MBou F, Girardet JP, Tounian P, Jolly M, Boccara F, Cohen A, Karsenty A, Dubern B, Carel JC, Azar-Kolakez A, Feillet F, Labarthe F, Gorsky AMC, Horovitz A, Tamarindi C, Kieffer P, Lienhardt A, Lascols O, Di Filippo M, Dufernez F. Global molecular analysis and APOE mutations in a cohort of autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia patients in France. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:482-91. [PMID: 26802169 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p055699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) is a human disorder characterized phenotypically by isolated high-cholesterol levels. Mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), APOB, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes are well known to be associated with the disease. To characterize the genetic background associated with ADH in France, the three ADH-associated genes were sequenced in a cohort of 120 children and 109 adult patients. Fifty-one percent of the cohort had a possible deleterious variant in LDLR, 3.1% in APOB, and 1.7% in PCSK9. We identified 18 new variants in LDLR and 2 in PCSK9. Three LDLR variants, including two newly identified, were studied by minigene reporter assay confirming the predicted effects on splicing. Additionally, as recently an in-frame deletion in the APOE gene was found to be linked to ADH, the sequencing of this latter gene was performed in patients without a deleterious variant in the three former genes. An APOE variant was identified in three patients with isolated severe hypercholesterolemia giving a frequency of 1.3% in the cohort. Therefore, even though LDLR mutations are the major cause of ADH with a large mutation spectrum, APOE variants were found to be significantly associated with the disease. Furthermore, using structural analysis and modeling, the identified APOE sequence changes were predicted to impact protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Wintjens
- Faculty of Pharmacy (CP206/04), Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Khaldia Belabbas
- Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétiques Moléculaires (LCBGM), AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Félicien MBou
- Service d'Endocrinologie, CHU du Lamentin, F-97232 Le Lamentin, Martinique, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girardet
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Tounian
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Jolly
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CH Angers, F-49933, Angers, France
| | - Franck Boccara
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CH Angers, F-49933, Angers, France
| | - Ariel Cohen
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CH Angers, F-49933, Angers, France
| | - Alexandra Karsenty
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Carel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019, Paris, France Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - Ahlam Azar-Kolakez
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019, Paris, France Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique et Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - François Feillet
- Service de Médecine Infantile et de génétique clinique, CHU Nancy-Brabois, F-54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France INSERM NGERE UMR 954, F-54500, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - François Labarthe
- Service de médecine pédiatrique, Hopital Clocheville, CHU Tours, F-37044, Tours, France
| | | | - Alice Horovitz
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Bordeaux-Haut Lévêque, F-33604, Pessac, France
| | | | - Pierre Kieffer
- Service de Médecine Interne, CH Mulhouse, Hôpital E. Muller, F-68070 Mulhouse, France
| | - Anne Lienhardt
- Service de Pédiatrie Médicale, CH Limoges, Hôpital mère/enfants, F-87042 Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétiques Moléculaires (LCBGM), AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Di Filippo
- Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, CHU Lyon, France Service de Pédiatrie Médicale, CH Limoges, Hôpital mère/enfants, F-87042 Limoges, France
| | - Fabienne Dufernez
- Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétiques Moléculaires (LCBGM), AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
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22
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Berger G, Robeyns K, Soubhye J, Wintjens R, Meyer F. Halogen bonding in a multi-connected 1,2,2-triiodo-alkene involving geminal and/or vicinal iodines: a crystallographic and DFT study. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four halogen-bonded organizations of a 1,2,2-triiodo-alkene involving geminal and/or vicinal iodine atoms were studied both by X-ray diffraction and density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Berger
- Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry
| | - K. Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL)
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J. Soubhye
- Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - R. Wintjens
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F. Meyer
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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23
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Mbosso J, Kamdem L, Nguedia J, Meyer F, Ebelle D, Lenta B, Tchouankeu J, Tsamo E, Looze Y, Adiogo D, Azebaze G, Wintjens R. In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities for Compounds Isolated from the Ficus Bubu Warb. (Moraceae) Fruits: Chemotaxonomic Significance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/2210303105666151008213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Cauët E, Rooman M, Wintjens R, Liévin J, Biot C. Histidine-Aromatic Interactions in Proteins and Protein-Ligand Complexes: Quantum Chemical Study of X-ray and Model Structures. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 1:472-83. [PMID: 26641514 DOI: 10.1021/ct049875k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
His-aromatic complexes, with the His located above the aromatic plane, are stabilized by π-π, δ(+)-π and/or cation-π interactions according to whether the His is neutral or protonated and the partners are in stacked or T-shape conformations. Here we attempt to probe the relative strength of these interactions as a function of the geometry and protonation state, in gas phase, in water and protein-like environments (acetone, THF and CCl4), by means of quantum chemistry calculations performed up to second order of the Møller-Plesset pertubation theory. Two sets of conformations are considered for that purpose. The first set contains 89 interactions between His and Phe, Tyr, Trp, or Ade, observed in X-ray structures of proteins and protein-ligand complexes. The second set contains model structures obtained by moving an imidazolium/imidazole moiety above a benzene ring or an adenine moiety. We found that the protonated complexes are much more stable than the neutral ones in gas phase. This higher stability is due to the electrostatic contributions, the electron correlation contributions being equally important in the two forms. Thus, π-π and δ(+)-π interactions present essentially favorable electron correlation energy terms, whereas cation-π interactions feature in addition favorable electrostatic energies. The protonated complexes remain more stable than the neutral ones in protein-like environments, but the difference is drastically reduced. Furthermore, the T-shape conformation is undoubtedly more favorable than the stacked one in gas phase. This advantage decreases in the solvents, and the stacked conformation becomes even slightly more favorable in water. The frequent occurrence of His-aromatic interactions in catalytic sites, at protein-DNA or protein-ligand interfaces and in 3D domain swapping proteins emphasize their importance in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cauët
- Service de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/09, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Unité de Bioinformatique génomique et structurale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 165/61, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, Institut de Pharmacie, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Service de Chimie générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 206/04, Bld du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marianne Rooman
- Service de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/09, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Unité de Bioinformatique génomique et structurale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 165/61, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, Institut de Pharmacie, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Service de Chimie générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 206/04, Bld du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - René Wintjens
- Service de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/09, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Unité de Bioinformatique génomique et structurale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 165/61, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, Institut de Pharmacie, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Service de Chimie générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 206/04, Bld du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jacques Liévin
- Service de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/09, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Unité de Bioinformatique génomique et structurale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 165/61, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, Institut de Pharmacie, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Service de Chimie générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 206/04, Bld du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Christophe Biot
- Service de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/09, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Unité de Bioinformatique génomique et structurale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 165/61, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, Institut de Pharmacie, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Service de Chimie générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 206/04, Bld du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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25
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Boeckstaens M, Merhi A, Llinares E, Van Vooren P, Springael JY, Wintjens R, Marini AM. Identification of a Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Nutrient Transport Controlled by TORC1-Npr1-Amu1/Par32. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005382. [PMID: 26172854 PMCID: PMC4501750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuning the plasma-membrane permeability to essential nutrients is fundamental to cell growth optimization. Nutritional signals including nitrogen availability are integrated by the TORC1 complex which notably regulates arrestin-mediated endocytosis of amino-acid transporters. Ammonium is a ubiquitous compound playing key physiological roles in many, if not all, organisms. In yeast, it is a preferred nitrogen source transported by three Mep proteins which are orthologues of the mammalian Rhesus factors. By combining genetic, kinetic, biochemical and cell microscopy analyses, the current study reveals a novel mechanism enabling TORC1 to regulate the inherent activity of ammonium transport proteins, independently of arrestin-mediated endocytosis, identifying the still functional orphan Amu1/Par32 as a selective regulator intermediate. We show that, under poor nitrogen supply, the TORC1 effector kinase' Npr1' promotes phosphorylation of Amu1/Par32 which appears mainly cytosolic while ammonium transport proteins are active. Upon preferred nitrogen supplementation, like glutamine or ammonium addition, TORC1 upregulation enables Npr1 inhibition and Amu1/Par32 dephosphorylation. In these conditions, as in Npr1-lacking cells, hypophosphorylated Amu1/Par32 accumulates at the cell surface and mediates the inhibition of specific ammonium transport proteins. We show that the integrity of a conserved repeated motif of Amu1/Par32 is required for the interaction with these transport proteins. This study underscores the diversity of strategies enabling TORC1-Npr1 to selectively monitor cell permeability to nutrients by discriminating between transporters to be degraded or transiently inactivated and kept stable at the plasma membrane. This study further identifies the function of Amu1/Par32 in acute control of ammonium transport in response to variations in nitrogen availability. Cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to control the permeability of the plasma membrane to face environmental perturbations. Transcriptional regulation, endocytosis, gating and activity control of channels and transporters enable global or specific responses to stressful conditions and focused variations in nutrient availability. Emerging data from the yeast model reveal that the conserved TORC1 pathway regulates arrestin-mediated endocytosis of amino-acid transporters. We provide genetic and biochemical evidence for a novel mechanism enabling TORC1 to regulate the inherent activity of transport proteins via the Amu1/Par32 regulator intermediate. This low complexity protein mediates inhibition of specific proteins dedicated to the transport of ammonium, a favored nitrogen source, underscoring that TORC1 selects transporters to be degraded or transiently inactivated and preserved at the cell surface according to the environmental situation. The here-revealed mechanism of transport inhibition by Amu/Par32 is reminiscent to the inhibition of prokaryotic ammonium transport proteins mediated by PII-type proteins, key nitrogen signal transducers widespread in bacteria and Archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Boeckstaens
- Biology of Membrane Transport, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Merhi
- Biology of Membrane Transport, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Elisa Llinares
- Biology of Membrane Transport, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pascale Van Vooren
- Biology of Membrane Transport, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - René Wintjens
- Laboratoire des Biopolymères et des nanomatériaux supramoléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Maria Marini
- Biology of Membrane Transport, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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26
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Dupré E, Herrou J, Lensink MF, Wintjens R, Vagin A, Lebedev A, Crosson S, Villeret V, Locht C, Antoine R, Jacob-Dubuisson F. Virulence regulation with Venus flytrap domains: structure and function of the periplasmic moiety of the sensor-kinase BvgS. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004700. [PMID: 25738876 PMCID: PMC4352136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCS) represent major signal-transduction pathways for adaptation to environmental conditions, and regulate many aspects of bacterial physiology. In the whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis, the TCS BvgAS controls the virulence regulon, and is therefore critical for pathogenicity. BvgS is a prototypical TCS sensor-kinase with tandem periplasmic Venus flytrap (VFT) domains. VFT are bi-lobed domains that typically close around specific ligands using clamshell motions. We report the X-ray structure of the periplasmic moiety of BvgS, an intricate homodimer with a novel architecture. By combining site-directed mutagenesis, functional analyses and molecular modeling, we show that the conformation of the periplasmic moiety determines the state of BvgS activity. The intertwined structure of the periplasmic portion and the different conformation and dynamics of its mobile, membrane-distal VFT1 domains, and closed, membrane-proximal VFT2 domains, exert a conformational strain onto the transmembrane helices, which sets the cytoplasmic moiety in a kinase-on state by default corresponding to the virulent phase of the bacterium. Signaling the presence of negative signals perceived by the periplasmic domains implies a shift of BvgS to a distinct state of conformation and activity, corresponding to the avirulent phase. The response to negative modulation depends on the integrity of the periplasmic dimer, indicating that the shift to the kinase-off state implies a concerted conformational transition. This work lays the bases to understand virulence regulation in Bordetella. As homologous sensor-kinases control virulence features of diverse bacterial pathogens, the BvgS structure and mechanism may pave the way for new modes of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elian Dupré
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), University Lille North of France, Lille, France
- UMR 8204, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France
- U1019, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
| | - Julien Herrou
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), University Lille North of France, Lille, France
- UMR 8204, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France
- U1019, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
| | - Marc F. Lensink
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR8576, University Lille North of France, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - René Wintjens
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexey Vagin
- Structural Biology Laboratory, University of York, York, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Lebedev
- Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Crosson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vincent Villeret
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR8576, University Lille North of France, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), University Lille North of France, Lille, France
- UMR 8204, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France
- U1019, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
| | - Rudy Antoine
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), University Lille North of France, Lille, France
- UMR 8204, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France
- U1019, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
| | - Françoise Jacob-Dubuisson
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity (CIIL), University Lille North of France, Lille, France
- UMR 8204, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France
- U1019, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
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27
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Villemagne B, Flipo M, Blondiaux N, Crauste C, Malaquin S, Leroux F, Piveteau C, Villeret V, Brodin P, Villoutreix BO, Sperandio O, Soror SH, Wohlkönig A, Wintjens R, Deprez B, Baulard AR, Willand N. Ligand efficiency driven design of new inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional repressor EthR using fragment growing, merging, and linking approaches. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4876-88. [PMID: 24818704 DOI: 10.1021/jm500422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity, killing each year more than one million people. Although the combined use of first line antibiotics (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) is efficient to treat most patients, the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis stresses the need for alternative therapies. Mycobacterial transcriptional repressor EthR is a key player in the control of second-line drugs bioactivation such as ethionamide and has been shown to impair the sensitivity of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis to this antibiotic. As a way to identify new potent ligands of this protein, we have developed fragment-based approaches. In the current study, we combined surface plasmon resonance assay, X-ray crystallography, and ligand efficiency driven design for the rapid discovery and optimization of new chemotypes of EthR ligands starting from a fragment. The design, synthesis, and in vitro and ex vivo activities of these compounds will be discussed.
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28
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Berger G, Soubhye J, van der Lee A, Vande Velde C, Wintjens R, Dubois P, Clément S, Meyer F. Interplay between Halogen Bonding and Lone Pair-π Interactions: A Computational and Crystal Packing Study. Chempluschem 2014; 79:552-558. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Huet J, Teinkela Mbosso EJ, Soror S, Meyer F, Looze Y, Wintjens R, Wohlkönig A. High-resolution structure of a papaya plant-defense barwin-like protein solved by in-house sulfur-SAD phasing. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2013; 69:2017-26. [PMID: 24100320 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913018015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first crystal structure of a barwin-like protein, named carwin, has been determined at high resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) phasing using the six intrinsic S atoms present in the protein. The barwin-like protein was purified from Carica papaya latex and crystallized in the orthorhombic space group P212121. Using in-house Cu Kα X-ray radiation, 16 cumulative diffraction data sets were acquired to increase the signal-to-noise level and thereby the anomalous scattering signal. A sequence-database search on the papaya genome identified two carwin isoforms of 122 residues in length, both containing six S atoms that yield an estimated Bijvoet ratio of 0.93% at 1.54 Å wavelength. A systematic analysis of data quality and redundancy was performed to assess the capacity to locate the S atoms and to phase the data. It was observed that the crystal decay was low during data collection and that successful S-SAD phasing could be obtained with a relatively low data multiplicity of about 7. Using a synchrotron source, high-resolution data (1 Å) were collected from two different crystal forms of the papaya latex carwin. The refined structures showed a central β-barrel of six strands surrounded by several α-helices and loops. The β-barrel of carwin appears to be a common structural module that is shared within several other unrelated proteins. Finally, the possible biological function of the protein is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Huet
- Laboratoire des Biopolymères et des Nanomatériaux Supramoléculaires (CP206/04), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Deschuyteneer A, Boeckstaens M, De Mees C, Van Vooren P, Wintjens R, Marini AM. SNPs altering ammonium transport activity of human Rhesus factors characterized by a yeast-based functional assay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71092. [PMID: 23967154 PMCID: PMC3742762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the conserved Mep-Amt-Rh family, including mammalian Rhesus factors, mediate transmembrane ammonium transport. Ammonium is an important nitrogen source for the biosynthesis of amino acids but is also a metabolic waste product. Its disposal in urine plays a critical role in the regulation of the acid/base homeostasis, especially with an acid diet, a trait of Western countries. Ammonium accumulation above a certain concentration is however pathologic, the cytotoxicity causing fatal cerebral paralysis in acute cases. Alteration in ammonium transport via human Rh proteins could have clinical outcomes. We used a yeast-based expression assay to characterize human Rh variants resulting from non synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) with known or unknown clinical phenotypes and assessed their ammonium transport efficiency, protein level, localization and potential trans-dominant impact. The HsRhAG variants (I61R, F65S) associated to overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (OHSt), a disease affecting erythrocytes, proved affected in intrinsic bidirectional ammonium transport. Moreover, this study reveals that the R202C variant of HsRhCG, the orthologue of mouse MmRhcg required for optimal urinary ammonium excretion and blood pH control, shows an impaired inherent ammonium transport activity. Urinary ammonium excretion was RHcg gene-dose dependent in mouse, highlighting MmRhcg as a limiting factor. HsRhCG(R202C) may confer susceptibility to disorders leading to metabolic acidosis for instance. Finally, the analogous R211C mutation in the yeast ScMep2 homologue also impaired intrinsic activity consistent with a conserved functional role of the preserved arginine residue. The yeast expression assay used here constitutes an inexpensive, fast and easy tool to screen nsSNPs reported by high throughput sequencing or individual cases for functional alterations in Rh factors revealing potential causal variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Deschuyteneer
- Biologie du Transport Membranaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Boeckstaens
- Biologie du Transport Membranaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Christelle De Mees
- Biologie du Transport Membranaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pascale Van Vooren
- Biologie du Transport Membranaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - René Wintjens
- Laboratoire des Biopolymères et des nanomatériaux supramoléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Maria Marini
- Biologie du Transport Membranaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Pethe K, Bifani P, Jang J, Kang S, Park S, Ahn S, Jiricek J, Jung J, Jeon HK, Cechetto J, Christophe T, Lee H, Kempf M, Jackson M, Lenaerts AJ, Pham H, Jones V, Seo MJ, Kim YM, Seo M, Seo JJ, Park D, Ko Y, Choi I, Kim R, Kim SY, Lim S, Yim SA, Nam J, Kang H, Kwon H, Oh CT, Cho Y, Jang Y, Kim J, Chua A, Tan BH, Nanjundappa MB, Rao SPS, Barnes WS, Wintjens R, Walker JR, Alonso S, Lee S, Kim J, Oh S, Oh T, Nehrbass U, Han SJ, No Z, Lee J, Brodin P, Cho SN, Nam K, Kim J. Discovery of Q203, a potent clinical candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis. Nat Med 2013; 19:1157-60. [PMID: 23913123 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are needed to combat the tuberculosis pandemic and the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) forms of the disease, which remain a serious public health challenge worldwide. The most urgent clinical need is to discover potent agents capable of reducing the duration of MDR and XDR tuberculosis therapy with a success rate comparable to that of current therapies for drug-susceptible tuberculosis. The last decade has seen the discovery of new agent classes for the management of tuberculosis, several of which are currently in clinical trials. However, given the high attrition rate of drug candidates during clinical development and the emergence of drug resistance, the discovery of additional clinical candidates is clearly needed. Here, we report on a promising class of imidazopyridine amide (IPA) compounds that block Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth by targeting the respiratory cytochrome bc1 complex. The optimized IPA compound Q203 inhibited the growth of MDR and XDR M. tuberculosis clinical isolates in culture broth medium in the low nanomolar range and was efficacious in a mouse model of tuberculosis at a dose less than 1 mg per kg body weight, which highlights the potency of this compound. In addition, Q203 displays pharmacokinetic and safety profiles compatible with once-daily dosing. Together, our data indicate that Q203 is a promising new clinical candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Pethe
- 1] Institut Pasteur Korea, Sampyeong-dong, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. [2]
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32
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Rooman M, Wintjens R. Sequence and conformation effects on ionization potential and charge distribution of homo-nucleobase stacks using M06-2X hybrid density functional theory calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:532-45. [PMID: 23582046 PMCID: PMC3919198 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.783508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA is subject to oxidative damage due to radiation or by-products of cellular metabolism, thereby creating electron holes that migrate along the DNA stacks. A systematic computational analysis of the dependence of the electronic properties of nucleobase stacks on sequence and conformation was performed here, on the basis of single- and double-stranded homo-nucleobase stacks of 1-10 bases or 1-8 base pairs in standard A-, B-, and Z-conformation. First, several levels of theory were tested for calculating the vertical ionization potentials of individual nucleobases; the M06-2X/6-31G* hybrid density functional theory method was selected by comparison with experimental data. Next, the vertical ionization potential, and the Mulliken charge and spin density distributions were calculated and considered on all nucleobase stacks. We found that (1) the ionization potential decreases with the number of bases, the lowest being reached by Gua≡Cyt tracts; (2) the association of two single strands into a double-stranded tract lowers the ionization potential significantly (3) differences in ionization potential due to sequence variation are roughly three times larger than those due to conformational modifications. The charge and spin density distributions were found (1) to be located toward the 5'-end for single-stranded Gua-stacks and toward the 3'-end for Cyt-stacks and basically delocalized over all bases for Ade- and Thy-stacks; (2) the association into double-stranded tracts empties the Cyt- and Thy-strands of most of the charge and all the spin density and concentrates them on the Gua- and Ade-strands. The possible biological implications of these results for transcription are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rooman
- a BioModeling, BioInformatics and BioProcesses Department , CP 165/61 Université Libre de Bruxelles , 50 Roosevelt ave, 1050 Brussels , Belgium
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Mbosso EJT, Wintjens R, Lenta BN, Ngouela S, Rohmer M, Tsamo E. Chemical constituents from Glyphaea brevis and Monodora myristica: chemotaxonomic significance. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:224-32. [PMID: 23418169 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A chemical investigation of the Glyphaea brevis leaves and of the Monodora myristica fruits led to the identification of thirteen compounds, seven linear long-chain aliphatic compounds, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9-11, three steroids, 3a, 3b, and 7, two triterpenes, 5a and 5b, and one polyol, 8. The compounds 2 and 8, previously mentioned in the literature, are here characterized by their complete (1)H- and (13)C-NMR assignments. This is the first report of a full NMR assignment for linear fatty acid esters of aliphatic primary alcohols and for meso-erythritol. Compound 5b and 8 were isolated for the first time from plant extracts of the Tiliaceae family, and compounds 9-11 from the Annonaceae plant family. Our results constitute the basis for further chemotaxonomic studies on the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jean Teinkela Mbosso
- Laboratoire des biopolymères et des nanomatériaux supramoléculaires, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine (CP 206/4), boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Mbosso EJT, Nguedia JCA, Meyer F, Lenta BN, Ngouela S, Lallemand B, Mathieu V, Antwerpen PV, Njunda AL, Adiogo D, Tsamo E, Looze Y, Kiss R, Wintjens R. Ceramide, cerebroside and triterpenoid saponin from the bark of aerial roots of Ficus elastica (Moraceae). Phytochemistry 2012; 83:95-103. [PMID: 22963707 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three compounds, ficusamide (1), ficusoside (2) and elasticoside (3), were isolated from the bark of aerial roots of Ficus elastica (Moraceae), together with nine known compounds, including four triterpenes, three steroids and two aliphatic linear alcohols. The chemical structures of the three compounds were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and by comparison with published data. The growth inhibitory effect of the crude extract and isolated compounds was evaluated against several microorganisms and fungi. The cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines was also assessed. Ficusamide (1) displayed a moderate in vitro growth inhibitory activity against the human A549 lung cancer cell line and a strong activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus, while elasticoside (3) showed a potent activity on Enterococcus faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jean Teinkela Mbosso
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB, Campus Plaine-CP 206/4, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Flipo M, Willand N, Lecat-Guillet N, Hounsou C, Desroses M, Leroux F, Lens Z, Villeret V, Wohlkönig A, Wintjens R, Christophe T, Kyoung Jeon H, Locht C, Brodin P, Baulard AR, Déprez B. Discovery of novel N-phenylphenoxyacetamide derivatives as EthR inhibitors and ethionamide boosters by combining high-throughput screening and synthesis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6391-402. [PMID: 22738293 DOI: 10.1021/jm300377g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the screening of a 14640-compound library using a novel whole mycobacteria phenotypic assay to discover inhibitors of EthR, a transcriptional repressor implicated in the innate resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the second-line antituberculosis drug ethionamide. From this screening a new chemical family of EthR inhibitors bearing an N-phenylphenoxyacetamide motif was identified. The X-ray structure of the most potent compound crystallized with EthR inspired the synthesis of a 960-member focused library. These compounds were tested in vitro using a rapid thermal shift assay on EthR to accelerate the optimization. The best compounds were synthesized on a larger scale and confirmed as potent ethionamide boosters on M. tuberculosis -infected macrophages. Finally, the cocrystallization of the best optimized analogue with EthR revealed an unexpected reorientation of the ligand in the binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Flipo
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
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Carette X, Blondiaux N, Willery E, Hoos S, Lecat-Guillet N, Lens Z, Wohlkönig A, Wintjens R, Soror SH, Frénois F, Dirié B, Villeret V, England P, Lippens G, Deprez B, Locht C, Willand N, Baulard AR. Structural activation of the transcriptional repressor EthR from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by single amino acid change mimicking natural and synthetic ligands. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:3018-30. [PMID: 22156370 PMCID: PMC3326297 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethionamide is an antituberculous drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This antibiotic requires activation by the monooxygenase EthA to exert its activity. Production of EthA is controlled by the transcriptional repressor EthR, a member of the TetR family. The sensitivity of M. tuberculosis to ethionamide can be artificially enhanced using synthetic ligands of EthR that allosterically inactivate its DNA-binding activity. Comparison of several structures of EthR co-crystallized with various ligands suggested that the structural reorganization of EthR resulting in its inactivation is controlled by a limited portion of the ligand-binding-pocket. In silico simulation predicted that mutation G106W may mimic ligands. X-ray crystallography of variant G106W indeed revealed a protein structurally similar to ligand-bound EthR. Surface plasmon resonance experiments established that this variant is unable to bind DNA, while thermal shift studies demonstrated that mutation G106W stabilizes EthR as strongly as ligands. Proton NMR of the methyl regions showed a lesser contribution of exchange broadening upon ligand binding, and the same quenched dynamics was observed in apo-variant G106W. Altogether, we here show that the area surrounding Gly106 constitutes the molecular switch involved in the conformational reorganization of EthR. These results also shed light on the mechanistic of ligand-induced allosterism controlling the DNA binding properties of TetR family repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Carette
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
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Flipo M, Desroses M, Lecat-Guillet N, Villemagne B, Blondiaux N, Leroux F, Piveteau C, Mathys V, Flament MP, Siepmann J, Villeret V, Wohlkönig A, Wintjens R, Soror SH, Christophe T, Jeon HK, Locht C, Brodin P, Déprez B, Baulard AR, Willand N. Ethionamide boosters. 2. Combining bioisosteric replacement and structure-based drug design to solve pharmacokinetic issues in a series of potent 1,2,4-oxadiazole EthR inhibitors. J Med Chem 2011; 55:68-83. [PMID: 22098589 DOI: 10.1021/jm200825u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial transcriptional repressor EthR controls the expression of EthA, the bacterial monooxygenase activating ethionamide, and is thus largely responsible for the low sensitivity of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis to this antibiotic. We recently reported structure-activity relationships of a series of 1,2,4-oxadiazole EthR inhibitors leading to the discovery of potent ethionamide boosters. Despite high metabolic stability, pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed poor mice exposure; therefore, a second phase of optimization was required. Herein a structure-property relationship study is reported according to the replacement of the two aromatic heterocycles: 2-thienyl and 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl moieties. This work was done using a combination of structure-based drug design and in vitro/ex vivo evaluations of ethionamide boosters on the targeted protein EthR and on the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thanks to this process, we identified compound 42 (BDM41906), which displays improved efficacy in addition to high exposure to mice after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Flipo
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
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Wintjens R, Viet TMVN, Mbosso E, Huet J. Hypothesis/review: the structural basis of sweetness perception of sweet-tasting plant proteins can be deduced from sequence analysis. Plant Sci 2011; 181:347-354. [PMID: 21889040 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Human perception of sweetness, behind the felt pleasure, is thought to play a role as an indicator of energy density of foods. For humans, only a small number of plant proteins taste sweet. As non-caloric sweeteners, these plant proteins have attracted attention as candidates for the control of obesity, oral health and diabetic management. Significant advances have been made in the characterization of the sweet-tasting plant proteins, as well as their binding interactions with the appropriate receptors. The elucidation of sweet-taste receptor gene sequences represents an important step towards the understanding of sweet taste perception. However, many questions on the molecular basis of sweet-taste elicitation by plant proteins remain unanswered. In particular, why homologues of these proteins do not elicit similar responses? This question is discussed in this report, on the basis of available sequences and structures of sweet-tasting proteins, as well as of sweetness-sensing receptors. A simple procedure based on sequence comparisons between sweet-tasting protein and its homologous counterparts was proposed to identify critical residues for sweetness elicitation. The open question on the physiological function of sweet-tasting plant proteins is also considered. In particular, this review leads us to suggest that sweet-tasting proteins may interact with taste receptor in a serendipity manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Wintjens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, Belgium.
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Rooman M, Cauët E, Liévin J, Wintjens R. Conformations Consistent with Charge Migration Observed in DNA and RNA X-ray Structures. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:949-53. [DOI: 10.1080/073911011010524985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Dubar F, Wintjens R, Martins-Duarte ÉS, Vommaro RC, de Souza W, Dive D, Pierrot C, Pradines B, Wohlkonig A, Khalife J, Biot C. Esterprodrugs of ciprofloxacin as DNA-gyrase inhibitors: synthesis, antiparasitic evaluation and docking studies. Med Chem Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel ester prodrugs of ciprofloxacin proved to be extremely efficient against Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Molecular modeling and computational calculations were used to understand the mechanisms of action of these drugs.
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Wohlkönig A, Huet J, Looze Y, Wintjens R. Structural relationships in the lysozyme superfamily: significant evidence for glycoside hydrolase signature motifs. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15388. [PMID: 21085702 PMCID: PMC2976769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin is a polysaccharide that forms the hard, outer shell of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi and some algae. Peptidoglycan is a polymer of sugars and amino acids constituting the cell walls of most bacteria. Enzymes that are able to hydrolyze these cell membrane polymers generally play important roles for protecting plants and animals against infection with insects and pathogens. A particular group of such glycoside hydrolase enzymes share some common features in their three-dimensional structure and in their molecular mechanism, forming the lysozyme superfamily. RESULTS Besides having a similar fold, all known catalytic domains of glycoside hydrolase proteins of lysozyme superfamily (families and subfamilies GH19, GH22, GH23, GH24 and GH46) share in common two structural elements: the central helix of the all-α domain, which invariably contains the catalytic glutamate residue acting as general-acid catalyst, and a β-hairpin pointed towards the substrate binding cleft. The invariant β-hairpin structure is interestingly found to display the highest amino acid conservation in aligned sequences of a given family, thereby allowing to define signature motifs for each GH family. Most of such signature motifs are found to have promising performances for searching sequence databases. Our structural analysis further indicates that the GH motifs participate in enzymatic catalysis essentially by containing the catalytic water positioning residue of inverting mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The seven families and subfamilies of the lysozyme superfamily all have in common a β-hairpin structure which displays a family-specific sequence motif. These GH β-hairpin motifs contain potentially important residues for the catalytic activity, thereby suggesting the participation of the GH motif to catalysis and also revealing a common catalytic scheme utilized by enzymes of the lysozyme superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Wohlkönig
- Structural Biology Brussels and Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Huet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Looze
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René Wintjens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, USR 3078 CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Looze Y, Boussard P, Huet J, Vandenbusche G, Azarkan M, Raussens V, Wintjens R. Purification and characterization of a wound-inducible thaumatin-like protein from the latex of Carica papaya. Phytochemistry 2009; 70:970-8. [PMID: 19527911 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A 22.137 kDa protein constituent of fresh latex was isolated both from the latex of regularly damaged papaya trees and from a commercially available papain preparation. The protein was purified up to apparent homogeneity and was shown to be absent in the latex of papaya trees that had never been previously mechanically injured. This suggests that the protein belongs to pathogenesis-related protein family, as expected for several other protein constituents of papaya latex. The protein was identified as a thaumatin-like protein (class 5 of the pathogenesis-related proteins) on the basis of its partial amino acid sequence. By sequence analysis of the Carica genome, three different forms of thaumatin-like protein were identified, where the latex constituent belongs to a well-known form, allowing the molecular modeling of its spatial structure. The papaya latex thaumatin-like protein was further characterized. The protein appears to be stable in the pH interval from 2 to 10 and resistant to chemical denaturation by guanidium chloride, with a DeltaG(water)(0) of 15.2 kcal/mol and to proteolysis by the four papaya cysteine proteinases. The physiological role of this protein is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Looze
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (CP: 206/4), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Mathys V, Wintjens R, Lefevre P, Bertout J, Singhal A, Kiass M, Kurepina N, Wang XM, Mathema B, Baulard A, Kreiswirth BN, Bifani P. Molecular genetics of para-aminosalicylic acid resistance in clinical isolates and spontaneous mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:2100-9. [PMID: 19237648 PMCID: PMC2681553 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01197-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to first-line antibiotics has renewed interest in second-line antitubercular agents. Here, we aimed to extend our understanding of the mechanisms underlying para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) resistance by analysis of six genes of the folate metabolic pathway and biosynthesis of thymine nucleotides (thyA, dfrA, folC, folP1, folP2, and thyX) and three N-acetyltransferase genes [nhoA, aac(1), and aac(2)] among PAS-resistant clinical isolates and spontaneous mutants. Mutations in thyA were identified in only 37% of the clinical isolates and spontaneous mutants. Overall, 24 distinct mutations were identified in the thyA gene and 3 in the dfrA coding region. Based on structural bioinformatics techniques, the altered ThyA proteins were predicted to generate an unfolded or dysfunctional polypeptide. The MIC was determined by Bactec/Alert and dilution assay. Sixty-three percent of the PAS-resistant isolates had no mutations in the nine genes considered in this study, revealing that PAS resistance in M. tuberculosis involves mechanisms or targets other than those pertaining to the biosynthesis of thymine nucleotides. The alternative mechanism(s) or pathway(s) associated with PAS resistance appears to be PAS concentration dependent, in marked contrast to thyA-mutated PAS-resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mathys
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Tuberculosis, Pasteur Institute, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
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Huet J, Rucktooa P, Clantin B, Azarkan M, Looze Y, Villeret V, Wintjens R. X-ray structure of papaya chitinase reveals the substrate binding mode of glycosyl hydrolase family 19 chitinases. Biochemistry 2008; 47:8283-91. [PMID: 18636748 DOI: 10.1021/bi800655u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a chitinase from Carica papaya has been solved by the molecular replacement method and is reported to a resolution of 1.5 A. This enzyme belongs to family 19 of the glycosyl hydrolases. Crystals have been obtained in the presence of N-acetyl- d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in the crystallization solution and two well-defined GlcNAc molecules have been identified in the catalytic cleft of the enzyme, at subsites -2 and +1. These GlcNAc moieties bind to the protein via an extensive network of interactions which also involves many hydrogen bonds mediated by water molecules, underlying their role in the catalytic mechanism. A complex of the enzyme with a tetra-GlcNAc molecule has been elaborated, using the experimental interactions observed for the bound GlcNAc saccharides. This model allows to define four major substrate interacting regions in the enzyme, comprising residues located around the catalytic Glu67 (His66 and Thr69), the short segment E89-R90 containing the second catalytic residue Glu89, the region 120-124 (residues Ser120, Trp121, Tyr123, and Asn124), and the alpha-helical segment 198-202 (residues Ile198, Asn199, Gly201, and Leu202). Water molecules from the crystal structure were introduced during the modeling procedure, allowing to pinpoint several additional residues involved in ligand binding that were not previously reported in studies of poly-GlcNAc/family 19 chitinase complexes. This work underlines the role played by water-mediated hydrogen bonding in substrate binding as well as in the catalytic mechanism of the GH family 19 chitinases. Finally, a new sequence motif for family 19 chitinases has been identified between residues Tyr111 and Tyr125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Huet
- Service de Chimie Générale (CP: 206/4), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Kwasigroch JM, Wintjens R, Gilis D, Rooman M. SODa: an Mn/Fe superoxide dismutase prediction and design server. BMC Bioinformatics 2008; 9:257. [PMID: 18518943 PMCID: PMC2442099 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes that play an important role in the defense of aerobic organisms against oxidative stress, by converting reactive oxygen species into nontoxic molecules. We focus here on the SOD family that uses Fe or Mn as cofactor. Results The SODa webtool predicts if a target sequence corresponds to an Fe/Mn SOD. If so, it predicts the metal ion specificity (Fe, Mn or cambialistic) and the oligomerization mode (dimer or tetramer) of the target. In addition, SODa proposes a list of residue substitutions likely to improve the predicted preferences for the metal cofactor and oligomerization mode. The method is based on residue fingerprints, consisting of residues conserved in SOD sequences or typical of SOD subgroups, and of interaction fingerprints, containing residue pairs that are in contact in SOD structures. Conclusion SODa is shown to outperform and to be more discriminative than traditional techniques based on pairwise sequence alignments. Moreover, the fact that it proposes selected mutations makes it a valuable tool for rational protein design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marc Kwasigroch
- Unité de Bioinformatique génomique et structurale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 165/61, avenue Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Huet J, Azarkan M, Looze Y, Villeret V, Wintjens R. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a family 19 glycosyl hydrolase from Carica papaya latex. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:371-4. [PMID: 18453704 PMCID: PMC2376395 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108007823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A chitinase isolated from the latex of the tropical species Carica papaya has been purified to homogeneity and crystallized. This enzyme belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 19 and exhibits exceptional resistance to proteolysis. The initially observed crystals, which diffracted to a resolution of 2.0 A, were improved through modification of the crystallization protocol. Well ordered crystals were subsequently obtained using N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, the monomer resulting from the hydrolysis of chitin, as an additive to the crystallization solution. Here, the characterization of a chitinase crystal that belongs to the monoclinic space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 69.08, b = 44.79, c = 76.73 A, beta = 95.33 degrees and two molecules per asymmetric unit, is reported. Diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 1.8 A. Structure refinement is currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Huet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (CP 206/4), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Azarkan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (CP 609), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Yvan Looze
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (CP 206/4), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Vincent Villeret
- CNRS-UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université de Lille 1–Université de Lille 2–Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - René Wintjens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (CP 206/4), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Dufernez F, Derelle E, Noël C, Sanciu G, Mantini C, Dive D, Soyer-Gobillard MO, Capron M, Pierce RJ, Wintjens R, Guillebault D, Viscogliosi E. Molecular characterization of iron-containing superoxide dismutases in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. Protist 2008; 159:223-38. [PMID: 18276189 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are a family of antioxidant enzymes that catalyse the degradation of toxic superoxide radicals in obligate and facultative aerobic organisms. Here, we report the presence of a multi-copy gene family encoding SODs in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. All the genes identified (sod1 to sod17) have been cloned and sequenced, and shown to encode potentially functional dimeric iron-containing SOD isozymes. Our data revealed a considerable molecular heterogeneity of this enzyme in C. cohnii at both genomic and transcriptional levels. The C. cohnii SOD1, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, was active and its structure obtained by homology modeling using X-ray crystal structures of homologues exhibited the typical fold of dimeric FeSODs. Phylogenetic studies including 110 other dimeric FeSODs and closely related cambialistic dimeric SOD sequences showed that the C. cohnii SODs form a monophyletic group and have all been acquired by the same event of horizontal gene transfer. It also revealed a dichotomy within the C. cohnii SOD sequences that could be explained by an ancestral sod gene duplication followed by subsequent gene duplications within each of the two groups. Enzyme assays of SOD activity indicated the presence of two FeSOD activities in C. cohnii cell lysate whereas MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD were not detected. These activities contrasted with the SOD repertoire previously characterized in photosynthetic dinoflagellates. To explain these differences, a hypothetical evolutionary scenario is proposed that suggests gains and losses of sod genes in dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Dufernez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille cedex, France
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Wintjens R, Gilis D, Rooman M. Mn/Fe superoxide dismutase interaction fingerprints and prediction of oligomerization and metal cofactor from sequence. Proteins 2007; 70:1564-77. [PMID: 17912757 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fe- and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (sod) enzymes are closely related and similar in both amino acid sequence and structure, but differ in their mode of oligomerization and in their specificity for the Fe or Mn cofactor. The goal of the present work is to identify and analyze the sequence and structure characteristics that ensure the cofactor specificities and the oligomerization modes. For that purpose, 374 sod sequences and 17 sod crystal structures were collected and aligned. These alignments were searched for residues and inter-residue interactions that are conserved within the whole sod family, or alternatively, that are specific to a given sod subfamily sharing common characteristics. This led us to define key residues and inter-residue interaction fingerprints in each subfamily. The comparison of these fingerprints allows, on a rational basis, the design of mutants likely to modulate the activity and/or specificity of the target sod, in good agreement with the available experimental results on known mutants. The key residues and interaction fingerprints are furthermore used to predict if a novel sequence corresponds to a sod enzyme, and if so, what type of sod it is. The predictions of this fingerprint method reach much higher scores and present much more discriminative power than the commonly used method that uses pairwise sequence comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Wintjens
- Service de Chimie générale, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Bruylants G, Wintjens R, Looze Y, Redfield C, Bartik K. Protonation linked equilibria and apparent affinity constants: the thermodynamic profile of the alpha-chymotrypsin-proflavin interaction. Eur Biophys J 2007; 37:11-8. [PMID: 17443320 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-007-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protonation/deprotonation equilibria are frequently linked to binding processes involving proteins. The presence of these thermodynamically linked equilibria affects the observable thermodynamic parameters of the interaction (K(obs), DeltaH(obs)(0) ). In order to try and elucidate the energetic factors that govern these binding processes, a complete thermodynamic characterisation of each intrinsic equilibrium linked to the complexation event is needed and should furthermore be correlated to structural information. We present here a detailed study, using NMR and ITC, of the interaction between alpha-chymotrypsin and one of its competitive inhibitors, proflavin. By performing proflavin titrations of the enzyme, at different pH values, we were able to highlight by NMR the effect of the complexation of the inhibitor on the ionisable residues of the catalytic triad of the enzyme. Using ITC we determined the intrinsic thermodynamic parameters of the different equilibria linked to the binding process. The possible driving forces of the interaction between alpha-chymotrypsin and proflavin are discussed in the light of the experimental data and on the basis of a model of the complex. This study emphasises the complementarities between ITC and NMR for the study of binding processes involving protonation/deprotonation equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bruylants
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Biomoléculaire, CP 165/64, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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50
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Huet J, Wyckmans J, Wintjens R, Boussard P, Raussens V, Vandenbussche G, Ruysschaert JM, Azarkan M, Looze Y. Structural characterization of two papaya chitinases, a family GH19 of glycosyl hydrolases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 63:3042-54. [PMID: 17115118 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-006-6320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two chitinases, able to use tetra-N-acetylglucosamine, chitin and chitosan as substrates, were characterized after purification from Carica papaya latex. The complete amino acid sequence of the major form and about 40% of the minor one were determined through proteolytic digestions and mass spectroscopy analysis. Sequencing demonstrated that both papaya chitinases are members of the family 19 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH19). Based on the known 3-D structures of other members of family GH19, it was expected that papaya chitinases would adopt all-alpha structures. However, circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy indicated, for the papaya chitinases, a content of 15-20% of extended structures besides the expected 40% of alpha helices. Since the fully sequenced papaya chitinase contains a large number of proline residues the possibility that papaya chitinase contains polyproline II stretches was examined in the context of their resistance against proteolytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (CP: 206/4), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
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