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Feldmann J, Youngblood N, Karpov M, Gehring H, Li X, Stappers M, Le Gallo M, Fu X, Lukashchuk A, Raja AS, Liu J, Wright CD, Sebastian A, Kippenberg TJ, Pernice WHP, Bhaskaran H. Publisher Correction: Parallel convolutional processing using an integrated photonic tensor core. Nature 2021; 591:E13. [PMID: 33623119 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Feldmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - N Youngblood
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Karpov
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Gehring
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - X Li
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Stappers
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Le Gallo
- IBM Research Europe, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - X Fu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Lukashchuk
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A S Raja
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C D Wright
- Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - A Sebastian
- IBM Research Europe, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
| | - T J Kippenberg
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - W H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - H Bhaskaran
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Menardo F, Rutaihwa LK, Zwyer M, Borrell S, Comas I, Conceição EC, Coscolla M, Cox H, Joloba M, Dou HY, Feldmann J, Fenner L, Fyfe J, Gao Q, García de Viedma D, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Gygli SM, Hella J, Hiza H, Jugheli L, Kamwela L, Kato-Maeda M, Liu Q, Ley SD, Loiseau C, Mahasirimongkol S, Malla B, Palittapongarnpim P, Rakotosamimanana N, Rasolofo V, Reinhard M, Reither K, Sasamalo M, Silva Duarte R, Sola C, Suffys P, Batista Lima KV, Yeboah-Manu D, Beisel C, Brites D, Gagneux S. Local adaptation in populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis endemic to the Indian Ocean Rim. F1000Res 2021; 10:60. [PMID: 33732436 PMCID: PMC7921886 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.28318.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lineage 1 (L1) and 3 (L3) are two lineages of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) causing tuberculosis (TB) in humans. L1 and L3 are prevalent around the rim of the Indian Ocean, the region that accounts for most of the world's new TB cases. Despite their relevance for this region, L1 and L3 remain understudied. Methods: We analyzed 2,938 L1 and 2,030 L3 whole genome sequences originating from 69 countries. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of these two lineages and identified genes under positive selection. Results: We found a strongly asymmetric pattern of migration from South Asia toward neighboring regions, highlighting the historical role of South Asia in the dispersion of L1 and L3. Moreover, we found that several genes were under positive selection, including genes involved in virulence and resistance to antibiotics. For L1 we identified signatures of local adaptation at the esxH locus, a gene coding for a secreted effector that targets the human endosomal sorting complex, and is included in several vaccine candidates. Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of genetic diversity in the MTBC, and sheds new light on two of the most important MTBC lineages affecting humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Menardo
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Liliana K Rutaihwa
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Zwyer
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilyn Costa Conceição
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Cox
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Moses Joloba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Horng-Yunn Dou
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Fenner
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janet Fyfe
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qian Gao
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sebastian M Gygli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jerry Hella
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Hellen Hiza
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Levan Jugheli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lujeko Kamwela
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | - Qingyun Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Serej D Ley
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Chloe Loiseau
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
- Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bijaya Malla
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Prasit Palittapongarnpim
- Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Miriam Reinhard
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Reither
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Sasamalo
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Rafael Silva Duarte
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christophe Sola
- Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,INSERM-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philip Suffys
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karla Valeria Batista Lima
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Brites
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Degen M, Girousi E, Feldmann J, Parisi L, La Scala GC, Schnyder I, Schaller A, Katsaros C. A Novel Van der Woude Syndrome-Causing IRF6 Variant Is Subject to Incomplete Non-sense-Mediated mRNA Decay Affecting the Phenotype of Keratinocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583115. [PMID: 33117810 PMCID: PMC7552806 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a genetic syndrome that leads to typical phenotypic traits, including lower lip pits and cleft lip/palate (CLP). The majority of VWS-affected patients harbor a pathogenic variant in the gene encoding for the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), a crucial regulator of orofacial development, epidermal differentiation and tissue repair. However, most of the underlying mechanisms leading from pathogenic IRF6 gene variants to phenotypes observed in VWS remain poorly understood and elusive. The availability of one VWS individual within our cohort of CLP patients allowed us to identify a novel VWS-causing IRF6 variant and to functionally characterize it. Using VWS patient-derived keratinocytes, we reveal that most of the mutated IRF6_VWS transcripts are subject to a non-sense-mediated mRNA decay mechanism, resulting in IRF6 haploinsufficiency. While moderate levels of IRF6_VWS remain detectable in the VWS keratinocytes, our data illustrate that the IRF6_VWS protein, which lacks part of its protein-binding domain and its whole C-terminus, is noticeably less stable than its wild-type counterpart. Still, it maintains transcription factor function. As we report and characterize a so far undescribed VWS-causing IRF6 variant, our results shed light on the physiological as well as pathological role of IRF6 in keratinocytes. This acquired knowledge is essential for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to VWS and CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eleftheria Girousi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Schnyder
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - André Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Castro RAD, Ross A, Kamwela L, Reinhard M, Loiseau C, Feldmann J, Borrell S, Trauner A, Gagneux S. The Genetic Background Modulates the Evolution of Fluoroquinolone-Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:195-207. [PMID: 31532481 PMCID: PMC6984360 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQ) form the backbone in experimental treatment regimens against drug-susceptible tuberculosis. However, little is known on whether the genetic variation present in natural populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) affects the evolution of FQ-resistance (FQ-R). To investigate this question, we used nine genetically distinct drug-susceptible clinical isolates of Mtb and measured their frequency of resistance to the FQ ofloxacin (OFX) in vitro. We found that the Mtb genetic background led to differences in the frequency of OFX-resistance (OFX-R) that spanned two orders of magnitude and substantially modulated the observed mutational profiles for OFX-R. Further, in vitro assays showed that the genetic background also influenced the minimum inhibitory concentration and the fitness effect conferred by a given OFX-R mutation. To test the clinical relevance of our in vitro work, we surveyed the mutational profile for FQ-R in publicly available genomic sequences from clinical Mtb isolates, and found substantial Mtb lineage-dependent variability. Comparison of the clinical and the in vitro mutational profiles for FQ-R showed that 51% and 39% of the variability in the clinical frequency of FQ-R gyrA mutation events in Lineage 2 and Lineage 4 strains, respectively, can be attributed to how Mtb evolves FQ-R in vitro. As the Mtb genetic background strongly influenced the evolution of FQ-R in vitro, we conclude that the genetic background of Mtb also impacts the evolution of FQ-R in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhastin A D Castro
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Ross
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lujeko Kamwela
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Reinhard
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Loiseau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Trauner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Feldmann J, Youngblood N, Wright CD, Bhaskaran H, Pernice WHP. All-optical spiking neurosynaptic networks with self-learning capabilities. Nature 2019; 569:208-214. [PMID: 31068721 PMCID: PMC6522354 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Software implementations of brain-inspired computing underlie many important computational tasks, from image processing to speech recognition, artificial intelligence and deep learning applications. Yet, unlike real neural tissue, traditional computing architectures physically separate the core computing functions of memory and processing, making fast, efficient and low-energy computing difficult to achieve. To overcome such limitations, an attractive alternative is to design hardware that mimics neurons and synapses. Such hardware, when connected in networks or neuromorphic systems, processes information in a way more analogous to brains. Here we present an all-optical version of such a neurosynaptic system, capable of supervised and unsupervised learning. We exploit wavelength division multiplexing techniques to implement a scalable circuit architecture for photonic neural networks, successfully demonstrating pattern recognition directly in the optical domain. Such photonic neurosynaptic networks promise access to the high speed and high bandwidth inherent to optical systems, thus enabling the direct processing of optical telecommunication and visual data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Feldmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - N Youngblood
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C D Wright
- Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - H Bhaskaran
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - W H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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6
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Rutaihwa LK, Menardo F, Stucki D, Gygli SM, Ley SD, Malla B, Feldmann J, Borrell S, Beisel C, Middelkoop K, Carter EJ, Diero L, Ballif M, Jugheli L, Reither K, Fenner L, Brites D, Gagneux S. Multiple Introductions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 2–Beijing Into Africa Over Centuries. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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7
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Rutaihwa LK, Sasamalo M, Jaleco A, Hella J, Kingazi A, Kamwela L, Kingalu A, Malewo B, Shirima R, Doetsch A, Feldmann J, Reinhard M, Borrell S, Brites D, Reither K, Doulla B, Fenner L, Gagneux S. Insights into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tanzania. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206334. [PMID: 30978186 PMCID: PMC6461268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human tuberculosis (TB) is caused by seven phylogenetic lineages of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), Lineage 1-7. Recent advances in rapid genotyping of MTBC based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), allow for phylogenetically robust strain classification, paving the way for defining genotype-phenotype relationships in clinical settings. Such studies have revealed that, in addition to host and environmental factors, strain variation in the MTBC influences the outcome of TB infection and disease. In Tanzania, such molecular epidemiological studies of TB however are scarce in spite of a high TB burden. METHODS AND FINDINGS Here we used SNP-typing to characterize a nationwide collection of 2,039 MTBC clinical isolates representative of 1.6% of all new and retreatment TB cases notified in Tanzania during 2012 and 2013. Four lineages, namely Lineage 1-4 were identified within the study population. The distribution and frequency of these lineages varied across regions but overall, Lineage 4 was the most frequent (n = 866, 42.5%), followed by Lineage 3 (n = 681, 33.4%) and 1 (n = 336, 16.5%), with Lineage 2 being the least frequent (n = 92, 4.5%). We found Lineage 2 to be independently associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.31 - 3.50, p = 0.002) and retreatment cases (aOR 1.67; 95% CI 0.95 - 2.84, p = 0. 065) in the study population. We found no associations between MTBC lineage and patient age or HIV status. Our sublineage typing based on spacer oligotyping on a subset of Lineage 1, 3 and 4 strains revealed the presence of mainly EAI, CAS and LAM families. Finally, we detected low levels of multidrug resistant isolates among a subset of 144 retreatment cases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into the MTBC lineages and the possible influence of pathogen-related factors on the TB epidemic in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana K. Rutaihwa
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Mohamed Sasamalo
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Aladino Jaleco
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jerry Hella
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | - Lujeko Kamwela
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Amri Kingalu
- Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bryceson Malewo
- Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Raymond Shirima
- Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anna Doetsch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Reinhard
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Brites
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Reither
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Basra Doulla
- Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lukas Fenner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Borrell S, Trauner A, Brites D, Rigouts L, Loiseau C, Coscolla M, Niemann S, De Jong B, Yeboah-Manu D, Kato-Maeda M, Feldmann J, Reinhard M, Beisel C, Gagneux S. Reference set of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical strains: A tool for research and product development. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214088. [PMID: 30908506 PMCID: PMC6433267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) causes tuberculosis (TB) in humans and various other mammals. The human-adapted members of the MTBC comprise seven phylogenetic lineages that differ in their geographical distribution. There is growing evidence that this phylogeographic diversity modulates the outcome of TB infection and disease. For decades, TB research and development has focused on the two canonical MTBC laboratory strains H37Rv and Erdman, both of which belong to Lineage 4. Relying on only a few laboratory-adapted strains can be misleading as study results might not be directly transferrable to clinical settings where patients are infected with a diverse array of strains, including drug-resistant variants. Here, we argue for the need to expand TB research and development by incorporating the phylogenetic diversity of the MTBC. To facilitate such work, we have assembled a group of 20 genetically well-characterized clinical strains representing the seven known human-adapted MTBC lineages. With the "MTBC clinical strains reference set" we aim to provide a standardized resource for the TB community. We hope it will enable more direct comparisons between studies that explore the physiology of MTBC beyond the laboratory strains used thus far. We anticipate that detailed phenotypic analyses of this reference strain set will increase our understanding of TB biology and assist in the development of new control tools that are broadly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia Borrell
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Trauner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Brites
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leen Rigouts
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Collection of Mycobacterial Cultures (BCCM/ITM), Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chloe Loiseau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mireia Coscolla
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology Group, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Bouke De Jong
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Midori Kato-Maeda
- School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Reinhard
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beisel
- Genomics Facility, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Parnell J, Perez M, Armstrong J, Bullock L, Feldmann J, Boyce AJ. A black shale protolith for gold-tellurium mineralisation in the Dalradian Supergroup (Neoproterozoic) of Britain and Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03717453.2017.1404682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Parnell
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M. Perez
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J. Armstrong
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L. Bullock
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J. Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A. J. Boyce
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Yahyaoui-Azami H, Aboukhassib H, Bouslikhane M, Berrada J, Rami S, Reinhard M, Gagneux S, Feldmann J, Borrell S, Zinsstag J. Molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in two slaughterhouses in Morocco. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:272. [PMID: 28841870 PMCID: PMC5574129 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis have been described to be responsible of most cases of bovine tuberculosis. Although M. tuberculosis, M. africanum and non-complex mycobacteria were isolated from cattle. In Morocco, so far, no molecular studies were conducted to characterize the strains responsible of BTB. The present study aims to characterize M. bovis in Morocco. The present study was conducted in slaughterhouses in Rabat and El Jadida. Samples were collected from 327 slaughtered animals with visible lesions suggesting BTB. RESULTS A total of 225 isolates yielded cultures, 95% (n = 215) of them were acid-fast (AF). Sixty eight per cent of the AF positive samples were confirmed as tuberculous mycobacteria (n = 147), 99% of these (n = 146) having RD9 and among the latter, 98% (n = 143) positive while 2% (n = 3) negative for RD4 A total of 134 samples were analyzed by spoligotyping of which 14 were in cluster and with 41 different spoligotypes, ten of them were new patterns (23%). The most prevalent spoligotypes were SB0121, SB0265, and SB0120, and were already identified in many other countries, such as Algeria, Spain, Tunisia, the United States and Argentina. CONCLUSION The shared borders between Algeria and Morocco, in addition to the previous importation of cattle from Europe and the US could explain the similarities found in M. bovis spoligotypes. On the other hand, the desert of Morocco could be considered as an efficient barrier preventing the introduction of BTB to Morocco from West Central and East Africa. Our findings suggest a low level endemic transmission of BTB similar to other African countries. However, more research is needed for further knowledge about the transmission patterns of BTB in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Yahyaoui-Azami
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Hamid Aboukhassib
- Département de Biologie, Equipe Physiopathologies Nutritionnelles et Toxicologie, Faculté des Sciences UCD, El Jadida, Morocco
- Office Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire des produits Alimentaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouslikhane
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jaouad Berrada
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Rami
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Miriam Reinhard
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Blondiaux N, Moune M, Desroses M, Frita R, Flipo M, Mathys V, Soetaert K, Kiass M, Delorme V, Djaout K, Trebosc V, Kemmer C, Wintjens R, Wohlkönig A, Antoine R, Huot L, Hot D, Coscolla M, Feldmann J, Gagneux S, Locht C, Brodin P, Gitzinger M, Déprez B, Willand N, Baulard AR. Reversion of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by spiroisoxazoline SMARt-420. Science 2017; 355:1206-1211. [PMID: 28302858 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to human health globally. Alarmingly, multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis have now spread worldwide. Some key antituberculosis antibiotics are prodrugs, for which resistance mechanisms are mainly driven by mutations in the bacterial enzymatic pathway required for their bioactivation. We have developed drug-like molecules that activate a cryptic alternative bioactivation pathway of ethionamide in M. tuberculosis, circumventing the classic activation pathway in which resistance mutations have now been observed. The first-of-its-kind molecule, named SMARt-420 (Small Molecule Aborting Resistance), not only fully reverses ethionamide-acquired resistance and clears ethionamide-resistant infection in mice, it also increases the basal sensitivity of bacteria to ethionamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blondiaux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Moune
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Desroses
- Université Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.,Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosangela Frita
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marion Flipo
- Université Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Mathys
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Bacterial Diseases Service, Operational Direction Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Soetaert
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Bacterial Diseases Service, Operational Direction Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mehdi Kiass
- National Reference Center for Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Bacterial Diseases Service, Operational Direction Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Delorme
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, South Korea
| | - Kamel Djaout
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Trebosc
- Bioversys AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.,Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - René Wintjens
- Laboratoire des Biopolymères et des Nanomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Wohlkönig
- VIB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rudy Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Huot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mireia Coscolla
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc Gitzinger
- Bioversys AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Déprez
- Université Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Université Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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12
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Sf G, Sk D, Bennett M, Raab A, Feldmann J, Kille P, Loureiro S, Dj S, Jg B. Sub-lethal cadmium exposure increases phytochelatin concentrations in the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Sci Total Environ 2016; 568:1054-1058. [PMID: 27358197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins are metal-binding metabolites found in almost all plant species and some animal groups, including nematodes and annelids, where they can play an important role in detoxifying metals such as cadmium. Species from several other taxa contain a phytochelatin synthase (PCS) gene orthologue, including molluscs, indicating they may have the potential to synthesize phytochelatins. However, the presence of a gene alone does not demonstrate that it plays a functional role in metal detoxification. In the present study, we show that the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis produced both penta- and heptapeptide phytochelatins (i.e. phytochelatin-2 and phytochelatin-3), and their levels increased in response to sub-lethal levels of cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalves Sf
- Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Davies Sk
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M Bennett
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A Raab
- TESLA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - J Feldmann
- TESLA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - P Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - S Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Spurgeon Dj
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Bundy Jg
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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13
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Fiamegkos I, Cordeiro F, Robouch P, Vélez D, Devesa V, Raber G, Sloth JJ, Rasmussen RR, Llorente-Mirandes T, Lopez-Sanchez JF, Rubio R, Cubadda F, D'Amato M, Feldmann J, Raab A, Emteborg H, de la Calle MB. Accuracy of a method based on atomic absorption spectrometry to determine inorganic arsenic in food: Outcome of the collaborative trial IMEP-41. Food Chem 2016; 213:169-179. [PMID: 27451169 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A collaborative trial was conducted to determine the performance characteristics of an analytical method for the quantification of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in food. The method is based on (i) solubilisation of the protein matrix with concentrated hydrochloric acid to denature proteins and allow the release of all arsenic species into solution, and (ii) subsequent extraction of the inorganic arsenic present in the acid medium using chloroform followed by back-extraction to acidic medium. The final detection and quantification is done by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS). The seven test items used in this exercise were reference materials covering a broad range of matrices: mussels, cabbage, seaweed (hijiki), fish protein, rice, wheat, mushrooms, with concentrations ranging from 0.074 to 7.55mgkg(-1). The relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 4.1 to 10.3%, while the relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 6.1 to 22.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fiamegkos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, 111 Retieseweg, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - F Cordeiro
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, 111 Retieseweg, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - P Robouch
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, 111 Retieseweg, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - D Vélez
- Metal Contamination Laboratory (IATA-CSIC), Avd. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Devesa
- Metal Contamination Laboratory (IATA-CSIC), Avd. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Raber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - J J Sloth
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division of Food Chemistry, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - R R Rasmussen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division of Food Chemistry, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - T Llorente-Mirandes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franque's 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J F Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franque's 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franque's 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Cubadda
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M D'Amato
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - J Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory (TESLA), University of Aberdeen, College of Physical Science, Chemistry, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - A Raab
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory (TESLA), University of Aberdeen, College of Physical Science, Chemistry, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - H Emteborg
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, 111 Retieseweg, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - M B de la Calle
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, 111 Retieseweg, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
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14
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Pantoja Munoz L, Purchase D, Jones H, Raab A, Urgast D, Feldmann J, Garelick H. The mechanisms of detoxification of As(III), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and As(V) in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 175:56-72. [PMID: 26994369 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The response of Chlorella vulgaris when challenged by As(III), As(V) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) was assessed through experiments on adsorption, efflux and speciation of arsenic (reduction, oxidation, methylation and chelation with glutathione/phytochelatin [GSH/PC]). Our study indicates that at high concentrations of phosphate (1.62mM of HPO4(2-)), upon exposure to As(V), cells are able to shift towards methylation of As(V) rather than PC formation. Treatment with As(V) caused a moderate decrease in intracellular pH and a strong increase in the concentration of free thiols (GSH). Passive surface adsorption was found to be negligible for living cells exposed to DMA and As(V). However, adsorption of As(III) was observed to be an active process in C. vulgaris, because it did not show saturation at any of the exposure periods. Chelation of As(III) with GS/PC and to a lesser extent hGS/hPC is a major detoxification mechanism employed by C. vulgaris cells when exposed to As(III). The increase of bound As-GS/PC complexes was found to be strongly related to an increase in concentration of As(III) in media. C. vulgaris cells did not produce any As-GS/PC complex when exposed to As(V). This may indicate that a reduction step is needed for As(V) complexation with GSH/PC. C. vulgaris cells formed DMAS(V)-GS upon exposure to DMA independent of the exposure period. As(III) triggers the formation of arsenic complexes with PC and homophytochelatins (hPC) and their compartmentalisation to vacuoles. A conceptual model was devised to explain the mechanisms involving ABCC1/2 transport. The potential of C. vulgaris to bio-remediate arsenic from water appeared to be highly selective and effective without the potential hazard of reducing As(V) to As(III), which is more toxic to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pantoja Munoz
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Purchase
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - H Jones
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Raab
- College of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, Trace Element Speciation Laboratory (TESLA), University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - D Urgast
- College of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, Trace Element Speciation Laboratory (TESLA), University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - J Feldmann
- College of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, Trace Element Speciation Laboratory (TESLA), University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - H Garelick
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom.
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15
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Kriegel I, Scotognella F, Soavi G, Brescia R, Rodríguez-Fernández J, Feldmann J, Lanzani G, Tassone F. Delayed electron relaxation in CdTe nanorods studied by spectral analysis of the ultrafast transient absorption. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Pacitti D, Lawan MM, Feldmann J, Sweetman J, Wang T, Martin SAM, Secombes CJ. Impact of selenium supplementation on fish antiviral responses: a whole transcriptomic analysis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed supranutritional levels of Sel-Plex®. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:116. [PMID: 26880213 PMCID: PMC4754912 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium (Se) is required for the synthesis of proteins (selenoproteins) with essential biological functions. Selenoproteins have a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis in nearly all tissues, and are also involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, inflammation and immunity. Several immune processes rely on Se status and can be compromised if this element is present below the required level. Previous work has supported the notion that when Se is delivered at levels above those deemed to be the minimal required but below toxic concentrations it can have a boosting effect on the organism’s immune response. Based on this concept Se-enriched supplements may represent a valuable resource for functional feeds in animal farming, including aquaculture. Results In this study we tested the effects of Se supplemented as Sel-Plex during an immune challenge induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that mimics viral infection. Trout were fed two diets enriched with 1 or 4 mg Se Kg−1 of feed (dry weight) by Sel-Plex addition and a commercial formulation as control. The whole trout transcriptomic response was investigated by microarray and gene ontology analysis, the latter carried out to highlight the biological processes that were influenced by Sel-Plex supplementation in the head kidney (HK) and liver, the main immune and metabolic organs in fish. Overall, Sel-Plex enrichement up to 4 mg Se Kg−1 induced an important response in the trout HK, eliciting an up-regulation of several genes involved in pathways connected with hematopoiesis and immunity. In contrast, a more constrained response was seen in the liver, with lipid metabolism being the main pathway altered by Se supplementation. Upon stimulation with poly(I:C), supplementation of 4 mg Se Kg−1 increased the expression of principal mediators of the antiviral defences, especially IFN-γ, and down-stream molecules involved in the cell-mediated immune response. Conclusions Supplementation of diets with 4 mg Se Kg−1 using Sel-Plex remarkably improved the fish response to viral PAMP stimulation. Sel-Plex, being a highly bioavailable supplement of organic Se, might represent a suitable option for supplementation of fish feeds, to achieve the final aim of improving fish fitness and resistance against immune challenges. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2418-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pacitti
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK. .,Present address: Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - M M Lawan
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - J Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - J Sweetman
- Alltech Biosciences Centre, Sarney, Summerhill Rd, Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland.
| | - T Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - S A M Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - C J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
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17
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Ley SD, Harino P, Vanuga K, Kamus R, Carter R, Coulter C, Pandey S, Feldmann J, Ballif M, Siba PM, Phuanukoonnon S, Gagneux S, Beck HP. Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance in different provinces of Papua New Guinea. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:307. [PMID: 25476850 PMCID: PMC4264550 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a high tuberculosis (TB) burden country of the WHO Western Pacific Region, but so far research on drug resistance (DR) and genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) was only conducted in few provinces in the country. The aim of the present study was to obtain baseline data on the level of drug resistance and the genotypic diversity of circulating M. tuberculosis in additional provinces and to investigate the differences between three selected sites across PNG. Results Genotyping of 147 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates collected in Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, in Alotau, Milne Bay Province and in Madang, Madang Province revealed three main lineages of M. tuberculosis: Lineage 4 (European-American lineage), Lineage 2 (East-Asian lineage) and Lineage 1 (Indo-Oceanic lineage). All three lineages were detected in all three sites, but the individual lineage compositions varied significantly between sites. In Madang Lineage 4 was the most prevalent lineage (76.6%), whereas in Goroka and Alotau Lineage 2 was dominating (60.5% and 84.4%, respectively) (p < 0.001). Overall, phenotypic drug susceptibility testing showed 10.8% resistance to at least one of the first-line drugs tested. Of all resistant strains (23/212) 30.4% were Streptomycin mono-resistant, 17.4% were Isoniazid mono-resistant and 13% were Rifampicin mono-resistant. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB was found in 2.8% of all tested cases (6/212). The highest amount of MDR TB was found in Alotau in Milne Bay Province (4.6%). Conclusion A large number of drug resistant TB infections are present in the country and MDR TB has already been detected in all three surveyed regions of PNG, highlighting the importance of monitoring drug resistance and making it a high priority for the National Control Program. Due to the high prevalence of Lineage 2 in Milne Bay Province and given the frequent association of this lineage with drug resistance, monitoring of the latter should especially be scaled up in that province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serej D Ley
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Paul Harino
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Kilagi Vanuga
- Goroka Provincial Hospital, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Ruben Kamus
- Alotau Provincial Hospital, Alotau, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Robyn Carter
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Christopher Coulter
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sushil Pandey
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marie Ballif
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Peter M Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
| | | | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hans-Peter Beck
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Stucki D, Ballif M, Bodmer T, Coscolla M, Maurer AM, Droz S, Butz C, Borrell S, Längle C, Feldmann J, Furrer H, Mordasini C, Helbling P, Rieder HL, Egger M, Gagneux S, Fenner L. Tracking a tuberculosis outbreak over 21 years: strain-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism typing combined with targeted whole-genome sequencing. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1306-16. [PMID: 25362193 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used in molecular-epidemiological investigations of bacterial pathogens, despite cost- and time-intensive analyses. We combined strain-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing and targeted WGS to investigate a tuberculosis cluster spanning 21 years in Bern, Switzerland. METHODS On the basis of genome sequences of 3 historical outbreak Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, we developed a strain-specific SNP-typing assay to identify further cases. We screened 1642 patient isolates and performed WGS on all identified cluster isolates. We extracted SNPs to construct genomic networks. Clinical and social data were retrospectively collected. RESULTS We identified 68 patients associated with the outbreak strain. Most received a tuberculosis diagnosis in 1991-1995, but cases were observed until 2011. Two thirds were homeless and/or substance abusers. Targeted WGS revealed 133 variable SNP positions among outbreak isolates. Genomic network analyses suggested a single origin of the outbreak, with subsequent division into 3 subclusters. Isolates from patients with confirmed epidemiological links differed by 0-11 SNPs. CONCLUSIONS Strain-specific SNP genotyping allowed rapid and inexpensive identification of M. tuberculosis outbreak isolates in a population-based strain collection. Subsequent targeted WGS provided detailed insights into transmission dynamics. This combined approach could be applied to track bacterial pathogens in real time and at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stucki
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel
| | | | - Thomas Bodmer
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern labormedizinisches zentrum Dr Risch, Liebefeld-Bern
| | - Mireia Coscolla
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel
| | | | - Sara Droz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern
| | | | - Sonia Borrell
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel
| | | | - Julia Feldmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel
| | - Hansjakob Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern
| | | | | | - Hans L Rieder
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland Tuberculosis Department, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Egger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Lukas Fenner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine
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Abstract
Single crystals of Ba0,5Bi0,9V8O16, have been prepared with CO2-LASER techniques. The compound crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry, space group C4h
5- I4/m. a = 9.943(2). c = 2.893(2) Å. Z = 1 and belongs to the Hollandite family. The two different tunnel positions are occupied by Ba2+ and Bi2+. As a result of this Ba2+ shows a cuboctahedral and Bi3+ a square pyramidal BiO4+s
2 coordination if the lone pair of bismuth is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel
| | - Hk. Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel
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Feldmann J, Müller-Buschbaum H. Kristallstrukturuntersuchung an einem bismuthaltigen Hollandit: Bi1.9CU4V4O16 / Crystal Structure Investigation of the Bismuth Containing Hollandite: Bi1.9Cu4V4O16. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1995-0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of Bi1.9Cu4V4O16 have been prepared by quenching of CO2-LASER heated samples. They were investigated by X-ray techniques. The compound crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry, space group C5
4h-I4 /m , a = 9.945(2) Å , c = 2.915(3) Å, Z = 1, and is isotypic to the mineral Hollandite. Bi1.9Cu4V4O16 is the first Hollandite with a statistical distribution of vanadium and copper in the network of octahedra. Calculations of the Coulomb terms of lattice energy led to a distance of bismuth to the lone pair of 1.07 Å. Considering the lone pair as part of the coordination sphere of Bi3+ a square pyramidal polyhedron is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel
| | - Hk. Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel
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21
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Feldmann J, Münchau S, Müller-Buschbaum H. Kristallstrukturuntersuchung des Kupfer-Cadmium-Oxovanadats CuCdVO4 / Crystal Structure Investigation of the Copper Cadmium Oxovanadate CuCdVO4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1995-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of CuCdVO4 have been prepared by CO2-LASER techniques. X -ray investigations of the black single crystals led to orthorhombic symmetry, space group D2h
17-Cmcm , a = 5.921(1), b = 9.065(4), c = 6.633(2) Å, Z = 4. CuCdVO4 represents the first example of a quaternary oxide containing cadmium and copper(I). Compared to AgCdVO4, CuCdVO4 shows a different linkage of the VO4 and CuO4 tetrahedra, explaining the missing isotypy of these com pounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel
| | - S. Münchau
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel
| | - Hk. Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel
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22
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Feldmann J, Müller-Buschbaum H. Kristallstrukturuntersuchung am Barium-Yanadyl-Vanadat: Ba2(VO)V2O8 / Crystal Structure Investigation of the Barium Vanadyl-Vanadate: Ba2(VO)V2O8. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1996-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Single crystals of Ba2(VO)V2O8 have been prepared by solid state reactions of Ba2V2O7, V2O3 and V2O5 in sealed silica tubes. This compound crystallizes with monoclinic symmetry, space group C2
2 -P21, a = 8.1174(9), b = 5.9699(9), c = 9.2903(9) Å , β = 113.94(1)°, Z = 2. V 5+ shows tetrahedral coordination. V 4+ inside 1
∞ [V (3)O4] chains is characterized by a square pyramidal coordination with a short apical V-O distance of 1.6 Å typically for vanadyl groups. Ba2(VO)V2O8 represents a new structure type and is not isotypic to Sr2(VO)V2O8.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hk. Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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Feldmann J, Müller-Buschbaum H. Kristallstrukturuntersuchung an einem Strontium-Vanadyl-Vanadat: Sr2(VO)V2O8 / Crystal Structure Investigation of the Strontium Vanadyl-Vanadate: Sr2(VO)V2O8. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1995-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of Sr2(VO)V2O8 have been prepared by quenching melts from higher temperatures. This compound represents a new structure type and crystallizes with monoclinic symmetry, space group C6
2h–I2/a, a = 6.929, b = 16.246, c = 7.260 Å, β = 115.82°, Z = 4. The point positions occupied by V5+ show tetrahedral coordination. The refinement of the V4+ position led to split positions with acentric orientations of V4+ in the octahedral O2- surrounding. It results in a square pyramidal coordination with one short V–O distance typically for vanadyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel
| | - Hk. Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel
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Borowski M, Wrede S, Lüpke M, Boetticher HV, Feldmann J. Elektronische Personendosimeter in der Röntgendiagnostik - in welchen Bereichen sind sie nicht geeignet? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1346412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pacitti D, Wang T, Page MM, Martin SAM, Sweetman J, Feldmann J, Secombes CJ. Characterization of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their modulation by in vitro selenium exposure. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 130-131:97-111. [PMID: 23384997 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an oligonutrient with both essential biological functions and recognized harmful effects. As the selenocysteine (SeCys) amino acid, selenium is integrated in several Se-containing proteins (selenoproteins), many of which are fundamental for cell homeostasis. Nevertheless, selenium may exert toxic effects at levels marginally above those required, mainly through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The selenium chemical speciation can strongly affect the bioavailability of this metal and its impact on metabolism, dictating the levels that can be beneficial or detrimental towards an organism. Glutathione peroxidase (GPxs) is the largest and the most studied selenoprotein family. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (cGPx, GPx1) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx, GPx4) are widely distributed throughout tissues, and play a pivotal role in regulating the oxidative status in the cell. In this study we have cloned GPx1 and GPx4 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The constitutive mRNA expression of these GPx genes was examined in 18 trout tissues and their responsiveness to Se availability was analysed using a rainbow trout liver cell line (RTL). An inorganic (sodium selenite, Na2SeO3) and organic (selenocysteine, Cys-Se-Se-Cys) selenocompound have been used as Se sources. GPx1 activity was also tested to verify the impact of transcript changes on the enzymatic function of these molecules. To understand if the results obtained from the transcript expression analysis were due to Se bioavailability or generation of ROS, the cytoxicity of the two selenocompounds was tested by measuring the impact of Se on cell membrane integrity. Lastly, Se availability was quantified by mass spectrophotometry to determine the amount of Se in the cell culture media, the Se background due to the foetal calf serum supplement and the contribution from the two selenocompounds used in the treatments. Three isoforms of genes for both GPx1 (GPx1a, 1b1 and 1b2) and GPx4 (GPx4a1, a2 and b) have been identified. The discovery of a third gene encoding for GPx1 and GPx4 hints that salmonids may have the biggest selenoproteome amongst all vertebrates. Transcripts of GPx4 genes were more highly expressed in most tissues examined in vivo (except blood, head kidney and spleen), whereas those of the GPx1 genes were more responsive to selenium exposure in vitro, especially to the organic form. Interestingly, GPx1a was the most sensitive to selenium availability in non stressful conditions, whereas GPx1b1 and GPx1b2 were highly induced by exposure to selenium levels that had some toxic effects on the cells. Although the different concentrations tested of the two selenocompounds modulate GPx1 transcript expression to various degrees, no significant change of GPx1 enzymatic activity was detectable. Our results lead us to conclude that trout GPx1 transcripts expression level may represent a sensitive biomarker for selenium intake, helping to evaluate if selenium concentration and chemical speciation impact on cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pacitti
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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26
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Borrell S, Teo Y, Giardina F, Streicher EM, Klopper M, Feldmann J, Müller B, Victor TC, Gagneux S. Epistasis between antibiotic resistance mutations drives the evolution of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Evol Med Public Health 2013; 2013:65-74. [PMID: 24481187 PMCID: PMC3868377 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eot003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are a growing threat to global health. Studies focusing on single antibiotics have shown that drug resistance is often associated with a fitness cost in the absence of drug. However, little is known about the fitness cost associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics. METHODOLOGY We used Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model for human tuberculosis (TB) and an in vitro competitive fitness assay to explore the combined fitness effects and interaction between mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin (RIF) and ofloxacin (OFX); two of the most important first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, respectively. RESULTS We found that 4 out of 17 M. smegmatis mutants (24%) resistant to RIF and OFX showed a statistically significantly higher or lower competitive fitness than expected when assuming a multiplicative model of fitness effects of each individual mutation. Moreover, 6 out of the 17 double drug-resistant mutants (35%) had a significantly higher fitness than at least one of the corresponding single drug-resistant mutants. The particular combinations of resistance mutations associated with no fitness deficit in M. smegmatis were the most frequent among 151 clinical isolates of MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis from South Africa. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that epistasis between drug resistance mutations in mycobacteria can lead to MDR strains with no fitness deficit, and that these strains are positively selected in settings with a high burden of drug-resistant TB. Taken together, our findings support a role for epistasis in the evolution and epidemiology of MDR- and XDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia Borrell
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa
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Adam T, Duthie E, Feldmann J. Investigations into the Use of Copper and Other Metals as Indicators for the Authenticity of Scotch Whiskies. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2002.tb00576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Worwa G, Chaignat V, Feldmann J, Thür B. Detection of neutralizing antibodies against Bluetongue virus serotype 8 by an optimized plasma neutralization test. J Virol Methods 2012; 188:168-74. [PMID: 23000751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The neutralization test is used commonly for quantifying neutralizing antibodies and for distinguishing among different virus serotypes (serotyping). Due to the co-circulation of multiple serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV), the neutralization test has become an important surveillance method in Europe. However, the existence of different protocols makes test standardization and interpretation of results difficult. The current paper describes the development of a neutralization test using plasma and addresses the factors critical for detection of neutralizing antibodies against BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8), such as virus propagation, stability of virus infectivity and origin of the BTV-8 strain. The results indicated that animals exposed to the Northern European BTV-8 strain developed low neutralizing antibody titers, particularly after vaccination and experimental infection. Although clearly ELISA-positive, these samples often yielded false negative results when tested by the neutralization test using the OIE recommended virus concentration of 100 TCID₅₀/50 μl. The sensitivity of the neutralization test could be improved significantly with retained specificity by using a reduced TCID₅₀ and the homologous European BTV-8 strain instead of the South African reference strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Worwa
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
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30
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de la Calle MB, Baer I, Robouch P, Cordeiro F, Emteborg H, Baxter MJ, Brereton N, Raber G, Velez D, Devesa V, Rubio R, Llorente-Mirandes T, Raab A, Feldmann J, Sloth JJ, Rasmussen RR, D'Amato M, Cubadda F. Is it possible to agree on a value for inorganic arsenic in food? The outcome of IMEP-112. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2475-88. [PMID: 22986988 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two of the core tasks of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Feed and Food (EU-RL-HM) are to provide advice to the Directorate General for Health and Consumers (DG SANCO) on scientific matters and to organise proficiency tests among appointed National Reference Laboratories. This article presents the results of the 12th proficiency test organised by the EU-RL-HM (IMEP-112) that focused on the determination of total and inorganic arsenic in wheat, vegetable food and algae. The test items used in this exercise were: wheat sampled in a field with a high concentration of arsenic in the soil, spinach (SRM 1570a from NIST) and an algae candidate reference material. Participation in this exercise was open to laboratories from all around the world to be able to judge the state of the art of the determination of total and, more in particular, inorganic arsenic in several food commodities. Seventy-four laboratories from 31 countries registered to the exercise; 30 of them were European National Reference Laboratories. The assigned values for IMEP-112 were provided by a group of seven laboratories expert in the field of arsenic speciation analysis in food. Laboratory results were rated with z and ζ scores (zeta scores) in accordance with ISO 13528. Around 85 % of the participants performed satisfactorily for inorganic arsenic in vegetable food and 60 % did for inorganic arsenic in wheat, but only 20 % of the laboratories taking part in the exercise were able to report satisfactory results in the algae test material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B de la Calle
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg, Geel, Belgium.
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Stucki D, Malla B, Hostettler S, Huna T, Feldmann J, Yeboah-Manu D, Borrell S, Fenner L, Comas I, Coscollà M, Gagneux S. Two new rapid SNP-typing methods for classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex into the main phylogenetic lineages. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41253. [PMID: 22911768 PMCID: PMC3401130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that strain variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) might influence the outcome of tuberculosis infection and disease. To assess genotype-phenotype associations, phylogenetically robust molecular markers and appropriate genotyping tools are required. Most current genotyping methods for MTBC are based on mobile or repetitive DNA elements. Because these elements are prone to convergent evolution, the corresponding genotyping techniques are suboptimal for phylogenetic studies and strain classification. By contrast, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are ideal markers for classifying MTBC into phylogenetic lineages, as they exhibit very low degrees of homoplasy. In this study, we developed two complementary SNP-based genotyping methods to classify strains into the six main human-associated lineages of MTBC, the "Beijing" sublineage, and the clade comprising Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae. Phylogenetically informative SNPs were obtained from 22 MTBC whole-genome sequences. The first assay, referred to as MOL-PCR, is a ligation-dependent PCR with signal detection by fluorescent microspheres and a Luminex flow cytometer, which simultaneously interrogates eight SNPs. The second assay is based on six individual TaqMan real-time PCR assays for singleplex SNP-typing. We compared MOL-PCR and TaqMan results in two panels of clinical MTBC isolates. Both methods agreed fully when assigning 36 well-characterized strains into the main phylogenetic lineages. The sensitivity in allele-calling was 98.6% and 98.8% for MOL-PCR and TaqMan, respectively. Typing of an additional panel of 78 unknown clinical isolates revealed 99.2% and 100% sensitivity in allele-calling, respectively, and 100% agreement in lineage assignment between both methods. While MOL-PCR and TaqMan are both highly sensitive and specific, MOL-PCR is ideal for classification of isolates with no previous information, whereas TaqMan is faster for confirmation. Furthermore, both methods are rapid, flexible and comparably inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stucki
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bijaya Malla
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Hostettler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thembela Huna
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Fenner
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Genomics and Health Unit, Centre for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologìa y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Coscollà
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Faessler V, Hrelescu C, Lutich A, Osinkina L, Mayilo S, Jäckel F, Feldmann J. Accelerating fluorescence resonance energy transfer with plasmonic nanoresonators. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de la Calle M, Emteborg H, Linsinger T, Montoro R, Sloth J, Rubio R, Baxter M, Feldmann J, Vermaercke P, Raber G. Does the determination of inorganic arsenic in rice depend on the method? Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Baumer A, Feldmann J, Renzullo S, Müller M, Thür B, Hofmann MA. Epidemiology of Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds in Switzerland Between 2006 and 2009. Avian Dis 2010; 54:875-84. [DOI: 10.1637/9119-110209-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Urban AS, Fedoruk M, Horton MR, Rädler JO, Stefani FD, Feldmann J. Controlled nanometric phase transitions of phospholipid membranes by plasmonic heating of single gold nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2009; 9:2903-2908. [PMID: 19719109 DOI: 10.1021/nl901201h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of remotely controlled nanoscopic sources of heat is essential for investigating and manipulating temperature sensitive processes at the nanoscale. Here, we use single gold nanoparticles to rapidly deposit controlled amounts of heat in nanoscopic regions of defined size. This allows us to induce and control nanoscale reversible gel-fluid phase transitions in phospholipid membranes. We exploit the optical control over the phase transition to determine the velocity of the fluid phase front into the gel phase membrane and to guide the nanoparticles to specific locations. These results illustrate how single gold nanoparticles enable local thermodynamic investigation and manipulation on nanoscale (bio-) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Urban
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Fakultat fur Physik and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
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Krupp EM, Mestrot A, Wielgus J, Meharg AA, Feldmann J. The molecular form of mercury in biota: identification of novel mercury peptide complexes in plants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4257-9. [PMID: 19585039 DOI: 10.1039/b823121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure of a variety of novel mercury-phytochelatin complexes was evidenced in rice plants exposed to inorganic mercury (Hg2+) using RP-HPLC with simultaneous detection via ICP-MS and ES-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Krupp
- University of Aberdeen, College of Physical Sciences, Aberdeen Centre of Environmental Sustainability, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen, Scotland, UK AB24 3UE
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Soller T, Ringler M, Wunderlich M, Klar TA, Feldmann J, Josel HP, Koci J, Markert Y, Nichtl A, Kürzinger K. Streptavidin Reduces Oxygen Quenching of Biotinylated Ruthenium(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:12824-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8044065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Soller
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
| | - M. Ringler
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
| | - M. Wunderlich
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
| | - T. A. Klar
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
| | - J. Feldmann
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
| | - H.-P. Josel
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
| | - J. Koci
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Y. Markert
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
| | - A. Nichtl
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
| | - K. Kürzinger
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany, and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82371 Penzberg, Germany
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Ringler M, Schwemer A, Wunderlich M, Nichtl A, Kürzinger K, Klar TA, Feldmann J. Shaping emission spectra of fluorescent molecules with single plasmonic nanoresonators. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:203002. [PMID: 18518528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.203002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We show that plasmonic nanoresonators composed of two gold nanoparticles change not only the intensity but also the spectral shape of the emission of fluorescent molecules. The plasmonic resonance frequency can be tuned by varying the distance between the nanoparticles, which allows us to selectively favor transitions of a fluorescent molecule to a specific vibrational ground state. Experimental data from correlated scattering and fluorescence microscopy agree well with calculations in the framework of generalized Mie theory. Our results show that the widely used description of a dye molecule near a metal surface as a mere two-level system is inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ringler
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrabe 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
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Becker K, Da Como E, Feldmann J, Scheliga F, Thorn Csányi E, Tretiak S, Lupton JM. How Chromophore Shape Determines the Spectroscopy of Phenylene−Vinylenes: Origin of Spectral Broadening in the Absence of Aggregation. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4859-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800870p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Becker
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 München, Germany, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - E. Da Como
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 München, Germany, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - J. Feldmann
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 München, Germany, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - F. Scheliga
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 München, Germany, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - E. Thorn Csányi
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 München, Germany, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - S. Tretiak
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 München, Germany, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - J. M. Lupton
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 München, Germany, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Feldmann J, König FA, Schultz W. [Results in the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a retrospective analysis]. Z Orthop Unfall 2007; 145:729-35. [PMID: 18072039 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-989303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The intention of this retrospective analysis with follow-up was to assess results after decompressive or additional stabilising operations in the clinical setting of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. METHOD 74 patients, operated upon from 1995 to 2001, were investigated clinically, radiologically and with questionnaire score 1 to 8 years (mean 2.5) postoperatively. All data were compared and evaluated with the preoperative findings. The results of the group with decompressive operations were compared with those for the group with additional stabilising operations. RESULTS The patients with stabilising operations showed an improvement of 78.3% on the visual analogue scale and of 76.1% on the Oswestry score. The patients with decompressive operations showed an improvement of 91.7% on the visual analogue scale and of 75.0% on the Oswestry score. The difference between the two groups was not significant. There was a poorer outcome for previously operated patients or patients with a prolonged course of disease. CONCLUSION The choice of the operative treatment with regard to spinal stenosis requires a differentiated preoperative diagnostic procedure in accord with the respective living situation and age of the patients. Instability in terms of degenerative spondylolisthesis, lumbar scoliosis as well as intraoperatively recognised or generated instability has to be additionally stabilised with an instrumented fusion in regard to the functional aspect of the stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Feldmann
- Abteilung Orthopädie, Klinikum der Universität Göttingen.
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41
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Ringler M, Klar TA, Schwemer A, Susha AS, Stehr J, Raschke G, Funk S, Borowski M, Nichtl A, Kürzinger K, Phillips RT, Feldmann J. Moving nanoparticles with Raman scattering. Nano Lett 2007; 7:2753-7. [PMID: 17696403 DOI: 10.1021/nl0712466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We show how to change optically the distance between two protein-linked gold nanoparticles by Raman-induced motion of the linker protein. Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy of the coupled-particle plasmon allows us to compare the inter-nanoparticle distance of individual protein-linked gold nanoparticle dimers before and after surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We find that low-intensity (50 microW/microm2) laser light in resonance with the nanoparticle-dimer plasmon provokes a change of the inter-nanoparticle distance on the order of 0.5 nm whenever SERS from the proteins connecting the nanoparticles can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ringler
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
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42
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Williams PN, Raab A, Feldmann J, Meharg AA. Market basket survey shows elevated levels of As in South Central U.S. processed rice compared to California: consequences for human dietary exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:2178-83. [PMID: 17438760 DOI: 10.1021/es061489k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the largest market basket survey of arsenic (As) in U.S. rice to date. Our findings show differences in transitional-metal levels between polished and unpolished rice and geographical variation in As and selenium (Se) between rice processed in California and the South Central U.S. The mean and median As grain levels for the South Central U.S. were 0.30 and 0.27 mimcrog As g(-1), respectively, for 107 samples. Levels for California were 41% lower than the South Central U.S., with a mean of 0.17 microg As g(-1) and a median of 0.16 microg As g(-1) for 27 samples. The mean and median Se grain levels for the South Central U.S. were 0.19 microg Se g(-1). Californian rice levels were lower, averaging only 0.08 and 0.06 microg Se g(-1) for mean and median values, respectively. The difference between the two regions was found to be significant for As and Se (General Linear Model (GLM): As p < 0.001; Se p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in As or Se levels between polished and unpolished rice (GLM: As p= 0.213; Se p= 0.113). No significant differences in grain levels of manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), or zinc (Zn) were observed between California and the South Central U.S. Modeling arsenic intake for the U.S. population based on this survey shows that for certain groups (namely Hispanics, Asians, sufferers of Celiac disease, and infants) dietary exposure to inorganic As from elevated levels in rice potentially exceeds the maximum intake of As from drinking water (based on consumption of 1 L of 0.01 mg L(-1) In. As) and Californian state exposure limits. Further studies on the transformation of As in soil, grain As bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal tract, and grain elemental speciation trends are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
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Bahlawane* N, Premkumar PA, Feldmann J, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Preparation of Doped Spinel Cobalt Oxide Thin Films and Evaluation of their Thermal Stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200606517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kraus RM, Lagoudakis PG, Rogach AL, Talapin DV, Weller H, Lupton JM, Feldmann J. Room-temperature exciton storage in elongated semiconductor nanocrystals. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:017401. [PMID: 17358504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The excited state of colloidal nanoheterostructures consisting of a spherical CdSe nanocrystal with an epitaxially attached CdS rod can be perturbed effectively by electric fields. Field-induced fluorescence quenching coincides with a conversion of the excited state species from the bright exciton to a metastable trapped state (dark exciton) characterized by a power-law luminescence decay. The conversion is reversible so that up to 10% of quenched excitons recombine radiatively post turn-off of a 1 micro s field pulse, increasing the delayed luminescence by a factor of 80. Excitons can be stored for up to 10(5) times the natural lifetime, opening up applications in optical memory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Kraus
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
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Feldmann J, Guss W, Lemmer U, Göbel EO, Taliani C, Mohn H, Müller W, Häussler P, Ter Meer HU. Photoluminescence Studies of C60 Single Crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259408039321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Feldmann
- a Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - W. Guss
- a Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - U. Lemmer
- a Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - E. O. Göbel
- a Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - C. Taliani
- b Istituto di Spettroscopia Molecolare, CNR , 40129, Bologna , Italy
| | - H. Mohn
- c Hoechst AG, Angewandte Physik , 65926, Frankfurt , Germany
| | - W. Müller
- c Hoechst AG, Angewandte Physik , 65926, Frankfurt , Germany
| | - P. Häussler
- c Hoechst AG, Angewandte Physik , 65926, Frankfurt , Germany
| | - H.-U. Ter Meer
- c Hoechst AG, Angewandte Physik , 65926, Frankfurt , Germany
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Ochse A, Lemmer U, Deussen M, Feldmann J, Greiner A, Mahrt RF, Bässler H, Göubel EO. Control of the Emission Properties of Conjugated Polymers: Trapping and Microcavity Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259408039264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ochse
- a FB Physik und FB Physikalische Chemie und Wiss. Zentrum f. Materialwissenschaften , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - U. Lemmer
- a FB Physik und FB Physikalische Chemie und Wiss. Zentrum f. Materialwissenschaften , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - M. Deussen
- a FB Physik und FB Physikalische Chemie und Wiss. Zentrum f. Materialwissenschaften , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - J. Feldmann
- a FB Physik und FB Physikalische Chemie und Wiss. Zentrum f. Materialwissenschaften , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - A. Greiner
- a FB Physik und FB Physikalische Chemie und Wiss. Zentrum f. Materialwissenschaften , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - R. F. Mahrt
- a FB Physik und FB Physikalische Chemie und Wiss. Zentrum f. Materialwissenschaften , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - H. Bässler
- a FB Physik und FB Physikalische Chemie und Wiss. Zentrum f. Materialwissenschaften , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
| | - E. O. Göubel
- a FB Physik und FB Physikalische Chemie und Wiss. Zentrum f. Materialwissenschaften , Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg , Germany
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Williams PN, Islam MR, Adomako EE, Raab A, Hossain SA, Zhu YG, Feldmann J, Meharg AA. Increase in rice grain arsenic for regions of Bangladesh irrigating paddies with elevated arsenic in groundwaters. Environ Sci Technol 2006; 40:4903-8. [PMID: 16955884 DOI: 10.1021/es060222i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Concern has been raised by Bangladeshi and international scientists about elevated levels of arsenic in Bengali food, particularly in rice grain. This is the first inclusive food market-basket survey from Bangladesh, which addresses the speciation and concentration of arsenic in rice, vegetables, pulses, and spices. Three hundred thirty aman and boro rice, 94 vegetables, and 50 pulse and spice samples were analyzed for total arsenic, using inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The districts with the highest mean arsenic rice grain levels were all from southwestern Bangladesh: Faridpur (boro) 0.51 > Satkhira (boro) 0.38 > Satkhira (aman) 0.36 > Chuadanga (boro) 0.32 > Meherpur (boro) 0.29 microg As g(-1). The vast majority of food ingested arsenic in Bangladesh diets was found to be inorganic; with the predominant species detected in Bangladesh rice being arsenite (AsIII) or arsenate (AsV) with dimethyl arsinic acid (DMAV) being a minor component. Vegetables, pulses, and spices are less important to total arsenic intake than water and rice. Predicted inorganic arsenic intake from rice is modeled with the equivalent intake from drinking water for a typical Bangladesh diet. Daily consumption of rice with a total arsenic level of 0.08 microg As g(-1) would be equivalent to a drinking water arsenic level of 10 microg L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
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48
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Müller J, Lupton JM, Lagoudakis PG, Schindler F, Koeppe R, Rogach AL, Feldmann J, Talapin DV, Weller H. Wave function engineering in elongated semiconductor nanocrystals with heterogeneous carrier confinement. Nano Lett 2005; 5:2044-9. [PMID: 16218735 DOI: 10.1021/nl051596x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We explore two routes to wave function engineering in elongated colloidal CdSe/CdS quantum dots, providing deep insight into the intrinsic physics of these low-dimensional heterostructures. Varying the aspect ratio of the nanoparticle allows control over the electron-hole overlap (radiative rate), and external electric fields manipulate the interaction between the delocalized electron and the localized hole. In agreement with theory, this leads to an exceptional size dependent quantum confined Stark effect with field induced intensity modulations, opening applications as electrically switchable single photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Müller
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
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49
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Williams PN, Price AH, Raab A, Hossain SA, Feldmann J, Meharg AA. Variation in arsenic speciation and concentration in paddy rice related to dietary exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2005; 39:5531-40. [PMID: 16124284 DOI: 10.1021/es0502324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of drinking water is not the only elevated source of arsenic to the diet in the Bengal Delta. Even at background levels, the arsenic in rice contributes considerably to arsenic ingestion in subsistence rice diets. We set out to survey As speciation in different rice varieties from different parts of the globe to understand the contribution of rice to arsenic exposure. Pot experiments were utilized to ascertain whether growing rice on As contaminated soil affected speciation and whether genetic variation accounted for uptake and speciation. USA long grain rice had the highest mean arsenic level in the grain at 0.26 microg As g(-1) (n = 7), and the highest grain arsenic value of the survey at 0.40 microg As g(-1). The mean arsenic level of Bangladeshi rice was 0.13 microg As g(-1) (n = 15). The main As species detected in the rice extract were AsIII, DMAV, and AsV. In European, Bangladeshi, and Indian rice 64 +/- 1% (n = 7), 80 +/- 3% (n = 11), and 81 +/- 4% (n = 15), respectively, of the recovered arsenic was found to be inorganic. In contrast, DMAV was the predominant species in rice from the USA, with only 42 +/- 5% (n = 12) of the arsenic being inorganic. Pot experiments show that the proportions of DMAV in the grain are significantly dependent on rice cultivar (p = 0.026) and that plant nutrient status is effected by arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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Dulkeith E, Ringler M, Klar TA, Feldmann J, Muñoz Javier A, Parak WJ. Gold nanoparticles quench fluorescence by phase induced radiative rate suppression. Nano Lett 2005; 5:585-589. [PMID: 15826091 DOI: 10.1021/nl0480969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence quantum yield of Cy5 molecules attached to gold nanoparticles via ssDNA spacers is measured for Cy5-nanoparticle distances between 2 and 16 nm. Different numbers of ssDNA per nanoparticle allow to fine-tune the distance. The change of the radiative and nonradiative molecular decay rates with distance is determined using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Remarkably, the distance dependent quantum efficiency is almost exclusively governed by the radiative rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dulkeith
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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