1
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Shiota T, Li Z, Chen GY, McKnight KL, Shirasaki T, Yonish B, Kim H, Fritch EJ, Sheahan TP, Muramatsu M, Kapustina M, Cameron CE, Li Y, Zhang Q, Lemon SM. Hepatoviruses promote very-long-chain fatty acid and sphingolipid synthesis for viral RNA replication and quasi-enveloped virus release. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj4198. [PMID: 37862421 PMCID: PMC10588952 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced changes in host lipid metabolism are an important but poorly understood aspect of viral pathogenesis. By combining nontargeted lipidomics analyses of infected cells and purified extracellular quasi-enveloped virions with high-throughput RNA sequencing and genetic depletion studies, we show that hepatitis A virus, an hepatotropic picornavirus, broadly manipulates the host cell lipid environment, enhancing synthesis of ceramides and other sphingolipids and transcriptionally activating acyl-coenzyme A synthetases and fatty acid elongases to import and activate long-chain fatty acids for entry into the fatty acid elongation cycle. Phospholipids with very-long-chain acyl tails (>C22) are essential for genome replication, whereas increases in sphingolipids support assembly and release of quasi-enveloped virions wrapped in membranes highly enriched for sphingomyelin and very-long-chain ceramides. Our data provide insight into how a pathogenic virus alters lipid flux in infected hepatocytes and demonstrate a distinction between lipid species required for viral RNA synthesis versus nonlytic quasi-enveloped virus release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Shiota
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhucui Li
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Guan-Yuan Chen
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Kevin L. McKnight
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bryan Yonish
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heyjeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ethan J. Fritch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy P. Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maryna Kapustina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig E. Cameron
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - You Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Stanley M. Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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2
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Varma S, Molangiri A, Kona SR, Ibrahim A, Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Fetal Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting-Bisphenol A (BPA) Alters Testicular Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Adult Offspring: Relevance to Sperm Maturation and Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043769. [PMID: 36835180 PMCID: PMC9958878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily exposure to bisphenols can affect reproductive functions due to their pseudo-estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic effects. Testicular lipids contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids necessary for sperm maturity, motility, and spermatogenesis. Whether prenatal exposure to bisphenols alters testicular fatty acid metabolism in adult offspring is unknown. Pregnant Wistar rats were gavaged from gestational day 4 to 21 with BPA and BPS (0.0, 0.4, 4.0, 40.0 μg/kg bw/day). Despite increased body and testis weight, the total testicular cholesterol, triglyceride, and plasma fatty acids were unaffected in the offspring. Lipogenesis was upregulated by increased SCD-1, SCD-2, and expression of lipid storage (ADRP) and trafficking protein (FABP4). The arachidonic acid, 20:4 n-6 (ARA) and docosapentaenoic acid, 22:5 n-6 (DPA) levels were decreased in the BPA-exposed testis, while BPS exposure had no effects. The expression of PPARα, PPARγ proteins, and CATSPER2 mRNA were decreased, which are important for energy dissipation and the motility of the sperm in the testis. The endogenous conversion of linoleic acid,18:2 n-6 (LA), to ARA was impaired by a reduced ARA/LA ratio and decreased FADS1 expression in BPA-exposed testis. Collectively, fetal BPA exposure affected endogenous long-chain fatty acid metabolism and steroidogenesis in the adult testis, which might dysregulate sperm maturation and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikanth Varma
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Archana Molangiri
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Suryam Reddy Kona
- Lipid Chemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- Lipid Chemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +91-40-27197336
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3
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Furse S, Kusinski LC, Ray A, Glenn-Sansum C, Williams HEL, Koulman A, Meek CL. Relative Abundance of Lipid Metabolites in Spermatozoa across Three Compartments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911655. [PMID: 36232961 PMCID: PMC9569887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Male fertility, as manifest by the quantity and progressive motility of spermatozoa, is negatively impacted by obesity, dyslipidaemia and metabolic disease. However, the relative distribution of lipids in spermatozoa and the two compartments which supply lipids for spermatogenesis (seminal fluid and blood serum) has not been studied. We hypothesised that altered availability of lipids in blood serum and seminal fluid may affect the lipid composition and progressive motility of sperm. 60 men of age 35 years (median (range 20-45) and BMI 30.4 kg/m2 (24-36.5) under preliminary investigation for subfertility were recruited at an NHS clinic. Men provided samples of serum and semen, subject to strict acceptance criteria, for analysis of spermatozoa count and motility. Blood serum (n = 60), spermatozoa (n = 26) and seminal fluid (n = 60) were frozen for batch lipidomics analysis. Spermatozoa and seminal fluid had comparable lipid composition but showed marked differences with the serum lipidome. Spermatozoa demonstrated high abundance of ceramides, very-long-chain fatty acids (C20-22), and certain phospholipids (sphingomyelins, plasmalogens, phosphatidylethanolamines) with low abundance of phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol and triglycerides. Men with spermatozoa of low progressive motility had evidence of fewer concentration gradients for many lipid species between blood serum and spermatozoa compartments. Spermatozoa are abundant in multiple lipid species which are likely to contribute to key cellular functions. Lipid metabolism shows reduced regulation between compartments in men with spermatozoa with reduced progressive motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura C. Kusinski
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alison Ray
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Bretton Gate, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, UK
| | - Coralie Glenn-Sansum
- R&D Department, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Bretton Gate, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, UK
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claire L. Meek
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Bretton Gate, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1223-767176
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4
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Shochat C, Wang Z, Mo C, Nelson S, Donaka R, Huang J, Karasik D, Brotto M. Deletion of SREBF1, a Functional Bone-Muscle Pleiotropic Gene, Alters Bone Density and Lipid Signaling in Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2021; 162:5929645. [PMID: 33068391 PMCID: PMC7745669 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Through a genome-wide analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass, identification of a signaling pattern on 17p11.2 recognized the presence of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 (SREBF1), a gene responsible for the regulation of lipid homeostasis. In conjunction with lipid-based metabolic functions, SREBF1 also codes for the protein, SREBP-1, a transcription factor known for its role in adipocyte differentiation. We conducted a quantitative correlational study. We established a zebrafish (ZF) SREBF1 knockout (KO) model and used a targeted customized lipidomics approach to analyze the extent of SREBF1 capabilities. For lipidomics profiling, we isolated the dorsal muscles of wild type (WT) and KO fishes, and we performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry screening assays of these samples. In our analysis, we profiled 48 lipid mediators (LMs) derived from various essential polyunsaturated fatty acids to determine potential targets regulated by SREBF1, and we found that the levels of 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) were negatively associated with the number of SREBF1 alleles (P = 0.006 for a linear model). We also compared gene expression between KO and WT ZF by genome-wide RNA-sequencing. Significantly enriched pathways included fatty acid elongation, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling, and DNA replication. We discovered trends indicating that BMD in adult fish was significantly lower in the KO than in the WT population (P < 0.03). These studies reinforce the importance of lipidomics investigation by detailing how the KO of SREBF1 affects both BMD and lipid-signaling mediators, thus confirming the importance of SREBF1 for musculoskeletal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shochat
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
| | - Chenglin Mo
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
| | - Sarah Nelson
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
| | | | - Jian Huang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Correspondence: David Karasik, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan university, Safed, 1311502, Israel. E-mail:
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
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5
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Siewert KM, Voight BF. BetaScan2: Standardized Statistics to Detect Balancing Selection Utilizing Substitution Data. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:3873-3877. [PMID: 32011695 PMCID: PMC7058154 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term balancing selection results in a build-up of alleles at similar frequencies and a deficit of substitutions when compared with an outgroup at a locus. The previously published β(1) statistics detect balancing selection using only polymorphism data. We now propose the β(2) statistic which detects balancing selection using both polymorphism and substitution data. In addition, we derive the variance of all β statistics, allowing for their standardization and thereby reducing the influence of parameters which can confound other selection tests. The standardized β statistics outperform existing summary statistics in simulations, indicating β is a well-powered and widely applicable approach for detecting balancing selection. We apply the β(2) statistic to 1000 Genomes data and report two missense mutations with high β scores in the ACSBG2 gene. An implementation of all β statistics and their standardization are available in the BetaScan2 software package at https://github.com/ksiewert/BetaScan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Siewert
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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6
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Han S, Andrés AM, Marques-Bonet T, Kuhlwilm M. Genetic Variation in Pan Species Is Shaped by Demographic History and Harbors Lineage-Specific Functions. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1178-1191. [PMID: 30847478 PMCID: PMC6482415 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) are the closest living relatives of humans, but the two species show distinct behavioral and physiological differences, particularly regarding female reproduction. Despite their recent rapid decline, the demographic histories of the two species have been different during the past 1–2 Myr, likely having an impact on their genomic diversity. Here, we analyze the inferred functional consequences of genetic variation across 69 individuals, making use of the most complete data set of genomes in the Pan clade to date. We test to which extent the demographic history influences the efficacy of purifying selection in these species. We find that small historical effective population sizes (Ne) correlate not only with low levels of genetic diversity but also with a larger number of deleterious alleles in homozygosity and an increased proportion of deleterious changes at low frequencies. To investigate the putative genetic basis for phenotypic differences between chimpanzees and bonobos, we exploit the catalog of putatively deleterious protein-coding changes in each lineage. We show that bonobo-specific nonsynonymous changes are enriched in genes related to age at menarche in humans, suggesting that the prominent physiological differences in the female reproductive system between chimpanzees and bonobos might be explained, in part, by putatively adaptive changes on the bonobo lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Han
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida M Andrés
- Department of Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Kuhlwilm
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Lopes-Marques M, Machado AM, Ruivo R, Fonseca E, Carvalho E, Castro LFC. Expansion, retention and loss in the Acyl-CoA synthetase "Bubblegum" (Acsbg) gene family in vertebrate history. Gene 2018; 664:111-118. [PMID: 29694909 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) constitute a considerable fraction of all lipid molecules with a fundamental role in numerous physiological processes. In animals, the majority of complex lipid molecules are derived from the transformation of FAs through several biochemical pathways. Yet, for FAs to enroll in these pathways they require an activation step. FA activation is catalyzed by the rate limiting action of Acyl-CoA synthases. Several Acyl-CoA enzyme families have been previously described and classified according to the chain length of FAs they process. Here, we address the evolutionary history of the ACSBG gene family which activates, FAs with >16 carbons. Currently, two different ACSBG gene families, ACSBG1 and ACSBG2, are recognized in vertebrates. We provide evidence that a wider and unequal ACSBG gene repertoire is present in vertebrate lineages. We identify a novel ACSBG-like gene lineage which occurs specifically in amphibians, ray finned fishes, coelacanths and cartilaginous fishes named ACSBG3. Also, we show that the ACSBG2 gene lineage duplicated in the Theria ancestor. Our findings, thus offer a far richer understanding on FA activation in vertebrates and provide key insights into the relevance of comparative and functional analysis to perceive physiological differences, namely those related with lipid metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - André M Machado
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Elza Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U. Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Estela Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U. Porto), Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Crisóstomo L, Alves MG, Calamita G, Sousa M, Oliveira PF. Glycerol and testicular activity: the good, the bad and the ugly. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:725-737. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Crisóstomo
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Mário Sousa
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Reproductive Genetics Professor Alberto Barros, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
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9
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Pei Z, Fraisl P, Shi X, Gabrielson E, Forss-Petter S, Berger J, Watkins PA. Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3: overexpression and growth dependence in lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69392. [PMID: 23936004 PMCID: PMC3720282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. In the United States, only one in six lung cancer patients survives five years after diagnosis. These statistics may improve if new therapeutic targets are identified. We previously reported that an enzyme of fatty acid metabolism, very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSVL3), is overexpressed in malignant glioma, and that depleting glioblastoma cells of ACSVL3 diminishes their malignant properties. To determine whether ACSVL3 expression was also increased in lung cancer, we studied tumor histologic sections and lung cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of normal human lung showed moderate ACSVL3 expression only in bronchial epithelial cells. In contrast, all of 69 different lung tumors tested, including adeno-, squamous cell, large cell, and small cell carcinomas, had robustly elevated ACSVL3 levels. Western blot analysis of lung cancer cell lines derived from these tumor types also had significantly increased ACSVL3 protein compared to normal bronchial epithelial cells. Decreasing the growth rate of lung cancer cell lines did not change ACSVL3 expression. However, knocking down ACSVL3 expression by RNA interference reduced cell growth rates in culture by 65–76%, and the ability of tumor cells to form colonies in soft agar suspension by 65–80%. We also conducted studies to gain a better understanding of the biochemical properties of human ACSVL3. ACSVL3 mRNA was detected in many human tissues, but the expression pattern differed somewhat from that of the mouse. The enzyme activated long- and very long-chain saturated fatty acid substrates, as well as long-chain mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids to their respective coenzyme A derivatives. Endogenous human ACSVL3 protein was found in a punctate subcellular compartment that partially colocalized with mitochondria as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionation. From these studies, we conclude that ACSVL3 is a promising new therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtong Pei
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Fraisl
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohai Shi
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Johannes Berger
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul A. Watkins
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase: Structural Basis for Housing Lipid Substrates Longer than the Enzyme. Structure 2012; 20:1062-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Mashek DG, Li LO, Coleman RA. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases and fatty acid channeling. FUTURE LIPIDOLOGY 2007; 2:465-476. [PMID: 20354580 PMCID: PMC2846691 DOI: 10.2217/17460875.2.4.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen homologous proteins comprise the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), fatty acid transport protein (FATP), and bubblegum (ACSBG) subfamilies that activate long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids to form acyl-CoAs. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show marked differences in the ability of these enzymes to channel fatty acids into different pathways of complex lipid synthesis. Further, the ability of the ACSLs and FATPs to enhance cellular FA uptake does not always require these proteins to be present on the plasma membrane; instead, FA uptake can be increased by enhancing its conversion to acyl-CoA and its metabolism in downstream pathways. Since altered fatty acid metabolism is a hallmark of numerous metabolic diseases and pathological conditions, the ACSL, FATP and ACSBG isoforms are likely to play important roles in disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G. Mashek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - Lei O. Li
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Rosalind A. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
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12
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Berger J, Gärtner J. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: clinical, biochemical and pathogenetic aspects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:1721-32. [PMID: 16949688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder ranging from the severe childhood cerebral form to asymptomatic persons. The overall incidence is 1:16,800 including hemizygotes as well as heterozygotes. The principal molecular defect is due to inborn mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP), a transporter in the peroxisome membrane. ALDP is involved in the transport of substrates from the cytoplasm into the peroxisomal lumen. ALDP defects lead to characteristic accumulation of saturated very long-chain fatty acids, the diagnostic disease marker. The pathogenesis is unclear. Different molecular mechanisms seem to induce inflammatory demyelination, neurodegeneration and adrenocortical insufficiency involving the primary ABCD1 defect, environmental factors and modifier genes. Important information has been derived from the X-ALD mouse models; species differences however complicate the interpretation of results. So far, bone marrow transplantation is the only effective long-term treatment for childhood cerebral X-ALD, however, only when performed at an early-stage of disease. Urgently needed novel therapeutic strategies are under consideration ranging from dietary approaches to gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Berger
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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