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Liu H, Welburn JPI. A circle of life: platelet and megakaryocyte cytoskeleton dynamics in health and disease. Open Biol 2024; 14:240041. [PMID: 38835242 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are blood cells derived from megakaryocytes that play a central role in regulating haemostasis and vascular integrity. The microtubule cytoskeleton of megakaryocytes undergoes a critical dynamic reorganization during cycles of endomitosis and platelet biogenesis. Quiescent platelets have a discoid shape maintained by a marginal band composed of microtubule bundles, which undergoes remarkable remodelling during platelet activation, driving shape change and platelet function. Disrupting or enhancing this process can cause platelet dysfunction such as bleeding disorders or thrombosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the reorganization of the cytoskeleton in the platelet lineage. Recent studies indicate that the emergence of a unique platelet tubulin code and specific pathogenic tubulin mutations cause platelet defects and bleeding disorders. Frequently, these mutations exhibit dominant negative effects, offering valuable insights into both platelet disease mechanisms and the functioning of tubulins. This review will highlight our current understanding of the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the life and death of platelets, along with its relevance to platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Liu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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2
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Shahina Z, Yennamalli RM, Dahms TE. Key essential oil components delocalize Candida albicans Kar3p and impact microtubule structure. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127373. [PMID: 37058783 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of Candida albicans associated infections is often ineffective in the light of resistance, with an urgent need to discover novel antimicrobials. Fungicides require high specificity and can contribute to antifungal resistance, so inhibition of fungal virulence factors is a good strategy for developing new antifungals. OBJECTIVES Examine the impact of four plant-derived essential oil components (1,8-cineole, α-pinene, eugenol, and citral) on C. albicans microtubules, kinesin motor protein Kar3 and morphology. METHODS Microdilution assays were used to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations, microbiological assays assessed germ tube, hyphal and biofilm formation, confocal microscopy probed morphological changes and localization of tubulin and Kar3p, and computational modelling was used to examine the theoretical binding of essential oil components to tubulin and Kar3p. RESULTS We show for the first time that essential oil components delocalize the Kar3p, ablate microtubules, and induce psuedohyphal formation with reduced biofilm formation. Single and double deletion mutants of kar3 were resistant to 1,8-cineole, sensitive to α-pinene and eugenol, but unimpacted by citral. Strains with homozygous and heterozygous Kar3p disruption had a gene-dosage effect for all essential oil components, resulting in enhanced resistance or susceptibility patterns that were identical to that of cik1 mutants. The link between microtubule (αβ-tubulin) and Kar3p defects was further supported by computational modeling, showing preferential binding to αβ-tubulin and Kar3p adjacent to their Mg2+-binding sites. CONCLUSION This study highlights how essential oil components interfere with the localization of the kinesin motor protein complex Kar3/Cik1 and disrupt microtubules, leading to their destabilization which results in hyphal and biofilm defects.
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Chen G, Xuan W, Zhao P, Yao X, Peng C, Tian Y, Ye J, Wang B, He J, Chi W, Yu J, Ge Y, Li J, Dai Z, Xu D, Wang C, Wan J. OsTUB1 confers salt insensitivity by interacting with Kinesin13A to stabilize microtubules and ion transporters in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1836-1852. [PMID: 35643887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Although microtubule (MT) organization is known to be involved in response to salt stress, few tubulin genes have been identified that confer salt insensitivity in plants. In this study, we identified a MT encoding gene, OsTUB1, that increased the survival rate of rice plants under salt stress by stabilizing MT organization and ion transporters. We found that OsTUB1 interacted with Kinesin13A protein, which was essential for OsTUB1-regulated MT organization under salt stress. Further molecular evidence revealed that a OsTUB1-Kinesin13A complex protected rice from salt stress by sustaining membrane-localized Na+ transporter OsHKT1;5, a key regulator of ionic homeostasis. Our results shed light on the function of tubulin and kinesin in regulating MT organization and stabilizing Na+ transporters and Na+ flux at the plasma membrane in rice. The identification of the OsTUB1-Kinesin13A complex provides novel genes for salt insensitivity rice breeding in areas with high soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pingzhi Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangmei Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222000, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenchao Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222000, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Perużyńska M, Borzyszkowska-Ledwig A, Sośnicki JG, Struk Ł, Idzik TJ, Maciejewska G, Skalski Ł, Piotrowska K, Łukasik P, Droździk M, Kurzawski M. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Mitotic-Specific 3,4-Dihydropyridine-2(1 H)-thiones. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2462. [PMID: 33671106 PMCID: PMC7957618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most anticancer drugs target mitosis as the most crucial and fragile period of rapidly dividing cancer cells. However the limitations of classical chemotherapeutics drive the search for new more effective and selective compounds. For this purpose structural modifications of the previously characterized pyridine aalog (S1) were incorporated aiming to obtain an antimitotic inhibitor of satisfactory and specific anticancer activity. Structure-activity relationship analysis of the compounds against a panel of cancer cell lines allowed to select a compound with a thiophene ring at C5 of a 3,4-dihydropyridine-2(1H)-thione (S22) with promising antiproliferative activity (IC50 equal 1.71 ± 0.58 µM) and selectivity (SI = 21.09) against melanoma A375 cells. Moreover, all three of the most active compounds from the antiproliferative study, namely S1, S19 and S22 showed better selectivity against A375 cells than reference drug, suggesting their possible lower toxicity and wider therapeutic index. As further study revealed, selected compounds inhibited tubulin polymerization via colchicine binding site in dose dependent manner, leading to aberrant mitotic spindle formation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Summarizing, the current study showed that among obtained mitotic-specific inhibitors analogue with thiophene ring showed the highest antiproliferative activity and selectivity against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Perużyńska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Borzyszkowska-Ledwig
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (A.B.-L.); (J.G.S.); (Ł.S.); (T.J.I.)
| | - Jacek G. Sośnicki
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (A.B.-L.); (J.G.S.); (Ł.S.); (T.J.I.)
| | - Łukasz Struk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (A.B.-L.); (J.G.S.); (Ł.S.); (T.J.I.)
| | - Tomasz J. Idzik
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (A.B.-L.); (J.G.S.); (Ł.S.); (T.J.I.)
| | - Gabriela Maciejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Skalski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Łukasik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marek Droździk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
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5
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Amin MA, Agarwal S, Varma D. Mapping the kinetochore MAP functions required for stabilizing microtubule attachments to chromosomes during metaphase. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:398-412. [PMID: 31454167 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mitosis, faithful chromosome segregation is orchestrated by the dynamic interactions between the spindle microtubules (MTs) emanating from the opposite poles and the kinetochores of the chromosomes. However, the precise mechanism that coordinates the coupling of the kinetochore components to dynamic MTs has been a long-standing question. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate MT nucleation and dynamics, MT-mediated transport and MT cross-linking in cells. During mitosis, MAPs play an essential role not only in determining spindle length, position, and orientation but also in facilitating robust kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachments by linking the kinetochores to spindle MTs efficiently. The stability of MTs imparted by the MAPs is critical to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. This review primarily focuses on the specific function of nonmotor kinetochore MAPs, their recruitment to kinetochores and their MT-binding properties. We also attempt to synthesize and strengthen our understanding of how these MAPs work in coordination with the kinetochore-bound Ndc80 complex (the key component at the MT-binding interface in metaphase and anaphase) to establish stable kMT attachments and control accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dileep Varma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Ilan Y. Randomness in microtubule dynamics: an error that requires correction or an inherent plasticity required for normal cellular function? Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:739-748. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Department of MedicineHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem IL91120 Israel
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Gow CH, Liu YN, Li HY, Hsieh MS, Chang SH, Luo SC, Tsai TH, Chen PL, Tsai MF, Shih JY. Oncogenic Function of a KIF5B-MET Fusion Variant in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Neoplasia 2018; 20:838-847. [PMID: 30015159 PMCID: PMC6068088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A kinesin family member 5b (KIF5B)-MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) rearrangement was reported in patients with lung adenocarcinoma but its oncogenic function was not fully evaluated. We used one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for RNA samples to screen for the KIF5B-MET fusion in 206 lung adenocarcinoma and 28 pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma patients. Genomic breakpoints of KIF5B-MET were determined by targeted next-generation sequencing. Soft agar colony formation assays, proliferation assays, and a xenograft mouse model were used to investigate its oncogenic activity. In addition, specific MET inhibitors were administered to evaluate their anti-tumor activities. A KIF5B-MET fusion variant in a patient with a mixed-type adenocarcinoma and sarcomatoid tumor was identified, and another case was found in a pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma patient. Both cases carried the same chimeric gene, a fusion between exons 1-24 of KIF5B and exons 15-21 of MET. KIF5B-MET-overexpressing cells exhibited significantly increased proliferation and colony-forming ability. Xenograft tumors harboring the fusion gene demonstrated significantly elevated tumor growth. Ectopic expression of the fusion gene stimulated the phosphorylation of KIF5B-MET as well as downstream STAT3, AKT, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The MET inhibitors significantly repressed cell proliferation; phosphorylation of downstream STAT3, AKT, and ERK1/2; and xenograft tumorigenicity. In conclusion, the KIF5B-MET variant was demonstrated to have an oncogenic function in cancer cells. These findings have immediate clinical implications for the targeted therapy of subgroups of non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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Key Words
- adc, adenocarcinoma
- alk, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- ct, computed tomography
- hgf, hepatocyte growth factor
- ihc, immunohistochemical
- kif5b, kinesin family member 5b
- met, met proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase
- nsclc, non-small cell lung cancer
- ptk, protein tyrosine kinase
- ret, ret proto-oncogene
- tki, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- ttf-1, thyroid transcription factor-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Gow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming-Chuan University, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Nan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Ying Li
- Medical Microbiota Center of the First Core Laboratory, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Han Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Ching Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Hsiu Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Flor-Parra I, Iglesias-Romero AB, Salas-Pino S, Lucena R, Jimenez J, Daga RR. Importin α and vNEBD Control Meiotic Spindle Disassembly in Fission Yeast. Cell Rep 2018; 23:933-941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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Kamata H, Tsukasaki Y, Sakai T, Ikebe R, Wang J, Jeffers A, Boren J, Owens S, Suzuki T, Higashihara M, Idell S, Tucker TA, Ikebe M. KIF5A transports collagen vesicles of myofibroblasts during pleural fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4556. [PMID: 28676645 PMCID: PMC5496869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis involves the production of extracellular matrix proteins in tissues and is often preceded by injury or trauma. In pleural fibrosis excess collagen deposition results in pleural thickening, increased stiffness and impaired lung function. Myofibroblasts are responsible for increased collagen deposition, however the molecular mechanism of transportation of procollagen containing vesicles for secretion is unknown. Here, we studied the role of kinesin on collagen-1 (Col-1) containing vesicle transportation in human pleural mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Among a number of cargo transporting kinesins, KIF5A was notably upregulated during TGF-β induced mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MesoMT). Using superresolution structured illumination microscopy and the DUO-Link technique, we found that KIF5A colocalized with Col-1 containing vesicles. KIF5A knock-down significantly reduced Col-1 secretion and attenuated TGF-β induced increment in Col-1 localization at cell peripheries. Live cell imaging revealed that GFP-KIF5A and mCherry-Col-1 containing vesicles moved together. Kymography showed that these molecules continuously move with a mean velocity of 0.56 μm/sec, suggesting that the movement is directional but not diffusion limited process. Moreover, KIF5A was notably upregulated along with Col-1 and α-smooth muscle actin in pleural thickening in the carbon-black bleomycin mouse model. These results support our hypothesis that KIF5A is responsible for collagen transportation and secretion from HPMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Kamata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA.,Department of Hematology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tsukasaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Reiko Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Julia Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Ann Jeffers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Jake Boren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Shuzi Owens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masaaki Higashihara
- Department of Hematology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Torry A Tucker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center Northeast, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, Texas, 75708-3154, USA.
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Youns M, Abdel Halim Hegazy W. The Natural Flavonoid Fisetin Inhibits Cellular Proliferation of Hepatic, Colorectal, and Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Modulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169335. [PMID: 28052097 PMCID: PMC5215656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive cancers are major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Fisetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been previously shown anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and antioxidant activities. In our study, the anti-tumor activities in addition to regulatory effects of fisetin on some cancer cell lines were investigated. Data presented here showed that fisetin induces growth inhibition, and apoptosis in hepatic (HepG-2), colorectal (Caco-2) and pancreatic (Suit-2) cancer cell lines. Gene expression results showed that 1307 genes were significantly regulated in their expression in hepatic and pancreatic cell lines. 350 genes were commonly up-regulated and 353 genes were commonly down-regulated. Additionally, 604 genes were oppositely expressed in both tumor cells. CDK5 signaling, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response, glucocorticoid signaling, and ERK/MAPK signaling were among most prominent signaling pathways modulating the growth inhibitory effects of fisetin on hepatic and pancreatic cancer cells. The present analysis showed, for the first time, that the anti-tumor effect of fisetin was mediated mainly through modulation of multiple signaling pathways and via activation of CDKN1A, SEMA3E, GADD45B and GADD45A and down-regulation of TOP2A, KIF20A, CCNB2 and CCNB1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mаhmoud Youns
- Department of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Wael Abdel Halim Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al-Sharqia, Egypt
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11
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Silkova OG, Loginova DB. Sister chromatid separation and monopolar spindle organization in the first meiosis as two mechanisms of unreduced gametes formation in wheat-rye hybrids. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:199-213. [PMID: 26994004 PMCID: PMC4909807 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Unreduced gametes. The absence of a strict pachytene checkpoint in plants presents an opportunity to study meiosis in polyhaploid organisms. In the present study, we demonstrate that meiosis is coordinated in hybrids between disomic wheat-rye substitution lines 1Rv(1A), 2R(2D), 5R(5D), 6R(6A) and rye (Triticum aestivum L. × Secale cereale L., 4x = 28, ABDR). By using in situ hybridization with a centromere pAet6-09 probe and immunostaining with H3Ser10ph-, CENH3-, and α-tubulin-specific antibodies, we distinguished four chromosome behaviour types. The first one is a mitotic-like division that is characterized by mitotic centromere architecture, robust bipolar spindle, one-step loss of arm and centromere cohesion, and sister chromatid separation in the first and only meiotic division. The second type involves a monopolar spindle formation, which appears as a hat-shaped group of chromosomes moving in one direction, wherein MT bundles are co-oriented polewards. It prevents chromosome segregation in meiosis I, with a bipolar spindle distributing sister chromatids to the poles in meiosis II. These events subsequently result in the formation of unreduced microspores. The other two meiotic-like chromosome segregation patterns known as reductional and equational plus reductional represent stand-alone types of cell division rather than intermediate steps of meiosis I. Only sterile pollen is produced as a result of such meiotic-like chromosome behaviours. Slightly variable meiotic phenotypes are reproducibly observed in hybrids under different growth conditions. The 2R(2D)xR genotype tends to promote reductional division. In contrast, the genotypes 1Rv(1A)xR, 5R(5D)xR, and 6R(6A)xR promote equational chromosome segregation and monopolar spindle formation in addition to reductional and equational plus reductional division types.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Silkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - D B Loginova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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12
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Dube D, Tiwari P, Kaur P. The hunt for antimitotic agents: an overview of structure-based design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:579-97. [PMID: 27077683 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1174689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structure-based drug discovery offers a rational approach for the design and development of novel anti-mitotic agents which target specific proteins involved in mitosis. This strategy has paved the way for development of a new generation of chemotypes which selectively interfere with the target proteins. The interference of these anti-mitotic targets implicated in diverse stages of mitotic cell cycle progression culminates in cancer cell apoptosis. AREAS COVERED This review covers the various mitotic inhibitors developed against validated mitotic checkpoint protein targets using structure-based design and optimization strategies. The protein-ligand interactions and the insights gained from these studies, culminating in the development of more potent and selective inhibitors, have been presented. EXPERT OPINION The advent of structure-based drug design coupled with advances in X-ray crystallography has revolutionized the discovery of candidate lead molecules. The structural insights gleaned from the co-complex protein-drug interactions have provided a new dimension in the design of anti-mitotic molecules to develop drugs with a higher selectivity and specificity profile. Targeting non-catalytic domains has provided an alternate approach to address cross-reactivity and broad selectivity among kinase inhibitors. The elucidation of structures of emerging mitotic drug targets has opened avenues for the design of inhibitors that target cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dube
- a Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - P Tiwari
- a Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - P Kaur
- a Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
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13
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XI-006 induces potent p53-independent apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11465. [PMID: 26095524 PMCID: PMC4476092 DOI: 10.1038/srep11465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an imperious need for the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma, the second most prevalent solid bone tumour observed in children and young adolescents. Recently, a 4-nitrobenzofuroxan derivative, XI-006 (NSC207895) was shown to diminish MDM4 promoter activity in breast cancer cell lines. As amplification of MDM4 is frequently observed in sarcomas, this study examined the therapeutic potential of XI-006 for the treatment of Ewing and osteosarcoma. XI-006 treatment of Ewing and osteosarcoma cell lines (n = 11) resulted in rapid and potent apoptosis at low micro-molar concentrations specifically in Ewing sarcoma cell lines (48 hr IC50 0.099–1.61 μM). Unexpectedly, apoptotic response was not dependent on MDM4 mRNA/protein levels or TP53 status. Alkaline/neutral comet and γH2AX immunofluorescence assays revealed that the cytotoxic effects of XI-006 could not be attributed to the induction of DNA damage. RNA expression analysis revealed that the mechanism of action of XI-006 could be accredited to the inhibition of cell division and cycle regulators such as KIF20A and GPSM2. Finally, potent synergy between XI-006 and olaparib (PARP inhibitor) were observed due to the down-regulation of Mre11. Our findings suggest that XI-006 represents a novel therapeutic intervention for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.
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Fouz N, Amid A, Hashim YZHY. Gene Expression Analysis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Treated with Recombinant Bromelain. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1618-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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The different roles of myosin IIA and myosin IIB in contraction of 3D collagen matrices by human fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:295-306. [PMID: 24768700 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Contraction of 3D collagen matrices by fibroblasts frequently is used as an in vitro model of wound closure. Different iterations of the model - all conventionally referred to as "contraction" - involve different morphological patterns. During floating matrix contraction, cells initially are round without stress fibers and subsequently undergo spreading. During stressed matrix contraction, cells initially are spread with stress fibers and subsequently undergo shortening. In the current studies, we used siRNA silencing of myosin IIA (MyoIIA) and myosin IIB (MyoIIB) to test the roles of myosin II isoforms in fibroblast interactions with 3D collagen matrices and collagen matrix contraction. We found that MyoIIA but not MyoIIB was required for cellular global inward contractile force, formation of actin stress fibers, and morphogenic cell clustering. Stressed matrix contraction required MyoIIA but not MyoIIB. Either MyoIIA or MyoIIB was sufficient for floating matrix contraction (FMC) stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor. Neither MyoIIA or MyoIIB was necessary for FMC stimulated by serum. Our findings suggest that myosin II-dependent motor mechanisms for collagen translocation during extracellular matrix remodeling differ depending on cell tension and growth factor stimulation.
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Acharya BR, Espenel C, Kreitzer G. Direct regulation of microtubule dynamics by KIF17 motor and tail domains. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32302-32313. [PMID: 24072717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.494989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
KIF17 is a kinesin-2 family motor that interacts with EB1 at microtubule (MT) plus-ends and contributes to MT stabilization in epithelial cells. The mechanism by which KIF17 affects MTs and how its activity is regulated are not yet known. Here, we show that EB1 and the KIF17 autoinhibitory tail domain (KIF17-Tail) interacted competitively with the KIF17 catalytic motor domain (K370). Both EB1 and KIF17-Tail decreased the K0.5MT of K370, with opposing effects on MT-stimulated ATPase activity. Importantly, K370 had independent effects on MT dynamic instability, resulting in formation of long MTs without affecting polymerization rate or total polymer mass. K370 also inhibited MT depolymerization induced by dilution in vitro and by nocodazole in cells, suggesting that it acts by protecting MT plus-ends. Interestingly, KIF17-Tail bound MTs and tubulin dimers, delaying initial MT polymerization in vitro and MT regrowth in cells. However, neither EB1 nor KIF17-Tail affected K370-mediated MT polymerization or stabilization significantly in vitro, and EB1 was dispensable for MT stabilization by K370 in cells. Thus, although EB1 and KIF17-Tail may coordinate KIF17 catalytic activity, our data reveal a novel and direct role for KIF17 in regulating MT dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipul R Acharya
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Cedric Espenel
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Geri Kreitzer
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065.
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17
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The kinesin-2 family member KIF3C regulates microtubule dynamics and is required for axon growth and regeneration. J Neurosci 2013; 33:11329-45. [PMID: 23843507 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5221-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration after injury requires the extensive reconstruction, reorganization, and stabilization of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the growth cones. Here, we identify KIF3C as a key regulator of axonal growth and regeneration by controlling microtubule dynamics and organization in the growth cone. KIF3C is developmentally regulated. Rat embryonic sensory axons and growth cones contain undetectable levels of KIF3C protein that is locally translated immediately after injury. In adult neurons, KIF3C is axonally transported from the cell body and is enriched at the growth cone where it preferentially binds to tyrosinated microtubules. Functionally, the interaction of KIF3C with EB3 is necessary for its localization at the microtubule plus-ends in the growth cone. Depletion of KIF3C in adult neurons leads to an increase in stable, overgrown and looped microtubules because of a strong decrease in the microtubule frequency of catastrophes, suggesting that KIF3C functions as a microtubule-destabilizing factor. Adult axons lacking KIF3C, by RNA interference or KIF3C gene knock-out, display an impaired axonal outgrowth in vitro and a delayed regeneration after injury both in vitro and in vivo. Murine KIF3C knock-out embryonic axons grow normally but do not regenerate after injury because they are unable to locally translate KIF3C. These data show that KIF3C is an injury-specific kinesin that contributes to axon growth and regeneration by regulating and organizing the microtubule cytoskeleton in the growth cone.
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18
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Ehrlichova M, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Hrdy J, Brynychova V, Mrhalova M, Kodet R, Rob L, Pluta M, Gut I, Soucek P, Vaclavikova R. The association of taxane resistance genes with the clinical course of ovarian carcinoma. Genomics 2013; 102:96-101. [PMID: 23542236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy regimens are standard treatment for advanced ovarian carcinoma. Expression levels of putative markers of taxane resistance in carcinoma tissues and paired peritoneal samples (n=55) and in 16 samples of ovaries without signs of carcinoma were compared with clinical data and the patients' time to progression. KIF14, PRC1, CIT and ABCC1 genes were significantly overexpressed in carcinomas when compared with normal ovarian tissues, while ABCB1 and CASP9 expression was decreased. Associations of protein expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 with KIF14, PRC1, ABCB1 and CASP2 were found. Lastly, it was discovered that ABCB1 and CASP2 levels associated with FIGO stage and that the CIT level associated with the time to progression of ovarian carcinoma patients (P<0.0001). In conclusion, ABCB1, CASP2, KIF14, PRC1 and CIT genes seem to associate with surrogate markers of ovarian carcinoma progression and CIT gene associates with therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ehrlichova
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Yan GR, Zou FY, Dang BL, Zhang Y, Yu G, Liu X, He QY. Genistein-induced mitotic arrest of gastric cancer cells by downregulating KIF20A, a proteomics study. Proteomics 2013; 12:2391-9. [PMID: 22887948 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genistein exerts its anticarcinogenic effects by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the precise molecular mechanism of action of genistein has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we used quantitative proteomics to identify the genistein-induced protein alterations in gastric cancer cells and investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for the anti-cancer actions of genistein. Total 86 proteins were identified to be regulated by genistein, most of which were clustered into the regulation of cell division and G2/M transition, consistent with the anti-cancer effect of genistein. Many proteins including kinesin family proteins, TPX2, CDCA8, and CIT were identified for the first time to be regulated by genistein. Interestingly, five kinesin family proteins including KIF11, KIF20A, KIF22, KIF23, and CENPF were found to be simultaneously downregulated by genistein. Significantly decreased KIF20A was selected for further functional studies. The silencing of KIF20A inhibited cell viability and induced G2/M arrest, similar to the effects of genistein treatment in gastric cancer. And the silencing of KIF20A also increased cancer cell sensitivity to genistein inhibition, whereas overexpression of KIF20A markedly attenuated genistein-induced cell viability inhibition and G2/M arrest. These observations suggested that KIF20A played an important role in anti-cancer actions of genistein, and thus may be a potential molecular target for drug intervention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Rong Yan
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, and National Engineering and Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Abrahamsen G, Fan Y, Matigian N, Wali G, Bellette B, Sutharsan R, Raju J, Wood SA, Veivers D, Sue CM, Mackay-Sim A. A patient-derived stem cell model of hereditary spastic paraplegia with SPAST mutations. Dis Model Mech 2012; 6:489-502. [PMID: 23264559 PMCID: PMC3597030 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) leads to progressive gait disturbances with lower limb muscle weakness and spasticity. Mutations in SPAST are a major cause of adult-onset, autosomal-dominant HSP. Spastin, the protein encoded by SPAST, is a microtubule-severing protein that is enriched in the distal axon of corticospinal motor neurons, which degenerate in HSP patients. Animal and cell models have identified functions of spastin and mutated spastin but these models lack the gene dosage, mutation variability and genetic background that characterize patients with the disease. In this study, this genetic variability is encompassed by comparing neural progenitor cells derived from biopsies of the olfactory mucosa from healthy controls with similar cells from HSP patients with SPAST mutations, in order to identify cell functions altered in HSP. Patient-derived cells were similar to control-derived cells in proliferation and multiple metabolic functions but had major dysregulation of gene expression, with 57% of all mRNA transcripts affected, including many associated with microtubule dynamics. Compared to control cells, patient-derived cells had 50% spastin, 50% acetylated α-tubulin and 150% stathmin, a microtubule-destabilizing enzyme. Patient-derived cells were smaller than control cells. They had altered intracellular distributions of peroxisomes and mitochondria and they had slower moving peroxisomes. These results suggest that patient-derived cells might compensate for reduced spastin, but their increased stathmin expression reduced stabilized microtubules and altered organelle trafficking. Sub-nanomolar concentrations of the microtubule-binding drugs, paclitaxel and vinblastine, increased acetylated α-tubulin levels in patient cells to control levels, indicating the utility of this cell model for screening other candidate compounds for drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greger Abrahamsen
- National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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21
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Move in for the kill: motile microtubule regulators. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:567-75. [PMID: 22959403 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The stereotypical function of kinesin superfamily motors is to transport cargo along microtubules. However, some kinesins also shape the microtubule track by regulating microtubule assembly and disassembly. Recent work has shown that the kinesin-8 family of motors emerge as key regulators of cellular microtubule length. The studied kinesin-8s are highly processive motors that walk towards the microtubule plus-end. Once at plus-ends, they have complex effects on polymer dynamics; kinesin-8s either destabilize or stabilize microtubules, depending on the context. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying kinesin-8-microtubule interactions and microtubule length control. We compare and contrast kinesin-8s with the other major microtubule-regulating kinesins (kinesin-4 and kinesin-13), to survey the current understanding of the diverse ways that kinesins control microtubule dynamics.
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22
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May-Simera HL, Kelley MW. Cilia, Wnt signaling, and the cytoskeleton. Cilia 2012; 1:7. [PMID: 23351924 PMCID: PMC3555707 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia have recently been highlighted as key regulators in development and disease. This review focuses on current work demonstrating the broad role of cilia-related proteins in developmental signaling systems. Of particular consideration is the importance of the basal body region, located at the base of the cilium, in its role as a focal point for many signaling pathways and as a microtubule organizing center. As the cilium is effectively a microtubular extension of the cytoskeleton, investigating connections between the cilium and the cytoskeleton provides greater insight into signaling and cell function. Of the many signaling pathways associated with primary cilia, the most extensively studied in association with the cytoskeleton and cytoskeletal rearrangements are both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. One of the key concepts currently emerging is a possible additional role for the traditionally 'cilia-related' proteins in other aspects of cellular processes. In many cases, disruption of such processes manifests at the level of the cilium. While the involvement of cilia and cilia-related proteins in signaling pathways is currently being unraveled, there is a growing body of evidence to support the notion that ciliary proteins are required not only for regulation of Wnt signaling, but also as downstream effectors of Wnt signaling. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the involvement of cilia and basal body proteins in Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L May-Simera
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Telikicherla D, Maharudraiah J, Pawar H, Marimuthu A, Kashyap MK, Ramachandra YL, Roa JC, Pandey A. Overexpression of Kinesin Associated Protein 3 (KIFAP3) in Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2012; 5:122-126. [PMID: 26843789 PMCID: PMC4734396 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling studies on breast cancer have generated catalogs of differentially expressed genes. However, many of these genes have not been investigated for their expression at the protein level. It is possible to systematically evaluate such genes in a high-throughput fashion for their overexpression at the protein level using breast cancer tissue microarrays. Our strategy involved integration of information from publicly available repositories of gene expression to prepare a list of genes upregulated at the mRNA level in breast cancer followed by curation of the published literature to identify those genes that were not tested for overexpression at the protein level. We identified Kinesin Associated Protein 3 (KIFAP3) as one such molecule for further validation at the protein level. Immunohistochemical labeling of KIFAP3 using breast cancer tissue microarrays revealed overexpression of KIFAP3 protein in 84% (240/285) of breast cancers indicating the utility of our integrated approach of combining computational analysis with experimental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Telikicherla
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577451, India
| | - Jagadeesha Maharudraiah
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Department of Pathology, Raja Rajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore-560074, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Harsh Pawar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore-560041, India
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore-560029, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore-560 066, India
| | - Y. L. Ramachandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577451, India
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author: Akhilesh Pandey M.D., Ph.D., McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, BRB 527, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Tel: 410-502-6662; Fax: 410-502-7544;
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Muresan V, Muresan Z. Unconventional functions of microtubule motors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 520:17-29. [PMID: 22306515 PMCID: PMC3307959 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the functional characterization of proteins advancing at fast pace, the notion that one protein performs different functions - often with no relation to each other - emerges as a novel principle of how cells work. Molecular motors are no exception to this new development. Here, we provide an account on recent findings revealing that microtubule motors are multifunctional proteins that regulate many cellular processes, in addition to their main function in transport. Some of these functions rely on their motor activity, but others are independent of it. Of the first category, we focus on the role of microtubule motors in organelle biogenesis, and in the remodeling of the cytoskeleton, especially through the regulation of microtubule dynamics. Of the second category, we discuss the function of microtubule motors as static anchors of the cargo at the destination, and their participation in regulating signaling cascades by modulating interactions between signaling proteins, including transcription factors. We also review atypical forms of transport, such as the cytoplasmic streaming in the oocyte, and the movement of cargo by microtubule fluctuations. Our goal is to provide an overview of these unexpected functions of microtubule motors, and to incite future research in this expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Muresan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, U.S.A
| | - Zoia Muresan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, U.S.A
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A transforming KIF5B and RET gene fusion in lung adenocarcinoma revealed from whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing. Genome Res 2011; 22:436-45. [PMID: 22194472 DOI: 10.1101/gr.133645.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the molecular events that drive cancer transformation is essential to the development of targeted agents that improve the clinical outcome of lung cancer. Many studies have reported genomic driver mutations in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) over the past decade; however, the molecular pathogenesis of >40% of NSCLCs is still unknown. To identify new molecular targets in NSCLCs, we performed the combined analysis of massively parallel whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing for cancer and paired normal tissue of a 33-yr-old lung adenocarcinoma patient, who is a never-smoker and has no familial cancer history. The cancer showed no known driver mutation in EGFR or KRAS and no EML4-ALK fusion. Here we report a novel fusion gene between KIF5B and the RET proto-oncogene caused by a pericentric inversion of 10p11.22-q11.21. This fusion gene overexpresses chimeric RET receptor tyrosine kinase, which could spontaneously induce cellular transformation. We identified the KIF5B-RET fusion in two more cases out of 20 primary lung adenocarcinomas in the replication study. Our data demonstrate that a subset of NSCLCs could be caused by a fusion of KIF5B and RET, and suggest the chimeric oncogene as a promising molecular target for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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26
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Drummond DR. Regulation of microtubule dynamics by kinesins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:927-34. [PMID: 22001250 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The simple mechanistic and functional division of the kinesin family into either active translocators or non-motile microtubule depolymerases was initially appropriate but is now proving increasingly unhelpful, given evidence that several translocase kinesins can affect microtubule dynamics, whilst non-translocase kinesins can promote microtubule assembly and depolymerisation. Such multi-role kinesins act either directly on microtubule dynamics, by interaction with microtubules and tubulin, or indirectly, through the transport of other factors along the lattice to the microtubule tip. Here I review recent progress on the mechanisms and roles of these translocase kinesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Drummond
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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27
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