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Pirrone GF, Munsell EV, Ferguson HM, Al-Sayah MA, Luthra SA, Makarov AA. Automated High-Throughput Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Methodology for Formulation Assessment of Polyethylene-Glycol-Conjugated Cytokine Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2778-2782. [PMID: 37478972 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological therapeutics are major contributors to the pharmaceutical pipeline and continue to grow in sales and scope. Additionally, the field's understanding of cancer biology has advanced such that biopharmaceuticals can harness the power of the immune system for oncology treatments. Several of these novel therapeutics are engineered versions of naturally occurring proteins designed to improve therapeutic properties including potency, target engagement and half-life extension. Cytokines, such as interferons and interleukins, are a broad class of signaling proteins which modulate the body's immune response; engineered cytokines have entered the clinic as promising new immuno-oncology therapies. While these therapies hold great promise, their additional structural complexity introduces analytical challenges, and traditional analytical platforms may be ill-suited to effectively assess product development risks. Further, the pharmaceutical industry relies on streamlining approaches for high-throughput experimentation to achieve speed and efficiency for the discovery and development of new modalities. These demands necessitate the use of state-of-the-art techniques to rapidly characterize these new modalities and guide process development and optimization. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a rapid, sensitive and automatable technique amenable for high-throughput analysis of proteins. In this work, we have developed an automated MALDI-MS platform to prepare, acquire and analyze molecular degradation in engineered PEGylated cytokines formulation samples. This orthogonal technique integrated seamlessly with current developability risk assessment workflows, ultimately enabling selection of a final formulation strategy for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F Pirrone
- Merck & Co., Inc., Analytical Research & Development, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Erik V Munsell
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi M Ferguson
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Al-Sayah
- Merck & Co., Inc., Analytical Research & Development, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suman A Luthra
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Merck & Co., Inc., Analytical Research & Development, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Syed Mohammed RD, Ablan FDO, McCann NM, Hindi MM, Maurer MC. Transglutaminase Activities of Blood Coagulant Factor XIII Are Dependent on the Activation Pathways and on the Substrates. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:380-392. [PMID: 36473493 PMCID: PMC10719020 DOI: 10.1055/a-1993-4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) catalyzes formation of γ-glutamyl-ε-lysyl crosslinks between reactive glutamines (Q) and lysines (K). In plasma, FXIII is activated proteolytically (FXIII-A*) by the concerted action of thrombin and Ca2+. Cellular FXIII is activated nonproteolytically (FXIII-A°) by elevation of physiological Ca2+ concentrations. FXIII-A targets plasmatic and cellular substrates, but questions remain on correlating FXIII activation, resultant conformational changes, and crosslinking function to different physiological substrates. To address these issues, the characteristics of FXIII-A* versus FXIII-A° that contribute to transglutaminase activity and substrate specificities were investigated. Crosslinking of lysine mimics into a series of Q-containing substrates were measured using in-gel fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Covalent incorporation of fluorescent monodansylcadaverine revealed that FXIII-A* exhibits greater activity than FXIII-A° toward Q residues within Fbg αC (233-425 WT, Q328P Seoul II, and Q328PQ366N) and actin. FXIII-A* and FXIII-A° displayed similar activities toward α2-antiplasmin (α2AP), fibronectin, and Fbg αC (233-388, missing FXIII-binding site αC 389-402). Furthermore, the N-terminal α2AP peptide (1-15) exhibited similar kinetic properties for FXIII-A* and FXIII-A°. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry assays with glycine ethyl ester and Fbg αC (233-425 WT, αC E396A, and truncated αC (233-388) further documented that FXIII-A* exerts greater benefit from the αC 389-402 binding site than FXIII-A°. Conformational properties of FXIII-A* versus A° are proposed to help promote transglutaminase function toward different substrates. A combination of protein substrate disorder and secondary FXIII-binding site exposure are utilized to control activity and specificity. From these studies, greater understandings of how FXIII-A targets different substrates are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammed M. Hindi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Muriel C. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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3
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Rapid label-free cell-based Approach Membrane Permeability Assay using MALDI-hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry for peptides. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1225:340234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Giampà M, Sgobba E. Insight to Functional Conformation and Noncovalent Interactions of Protein-Protein Assembly Using MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:E4979. [PMID: 33126406 PMCID: PMC7662314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions are the keys to the structural organization of biomolecule e.g., proteins, glycans, lipids in the process of molecular recognition processes e.g., enzyme-substrate, antigen-antibody. Protein interactions lead to conformational changes, which dictate the functionality of that protein-protein complex. Besides biophysics techniques, noncovalent interaction and conformational dynamics, can be studied via mass spectrometry (MS), which represents a powerful tool, due to its low sample consumption, high sensitivity, and label-free sample. In this review, the focus will be placed on Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and its role in the analysis of protein-protein noncovalent assemblies exploring the relationship within noncovalent interaction, conformation, and biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giampà
- MR Cancer Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elvira Sgobba
- Genetics and Plant Physiology, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
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Makarov AA, Pirrone GF, Shchurik V, Regalado EL, Mangion I. Liposome Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay by MALDI-hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry for peptides and small proteins. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1099:111-118. [PMID: 31986267 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry's focus has expanded to include peptide and protein-based therapeutics; however, some analytical challenges have arisen along the way, including the urgent need for fast and robust measurement of the membrane permeability of peptides and small proteins. In this study, a simple and efficient approach that utilizes MALDI-TOF-MS to study peptide and protein permeability through an artificial liposome membrane in conjunction with a differential hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) methodology is described. A non-aqueous (aprotic) matrix was evaluated for use with MALDI sample preparation in order to eliminate undesirable hydrogen-deuterium back-exchange. Peptides and proteins were incubated with liposomes and their penetration into the liposome membrane over time was measured by MALDI-MS. A differential HDX approach was used to distinguish the peptides outside of the liposome from those inside. In this regard, the peptides on the outside of the liposomes were labeled using short exposure to deuterium oxide, while the peptides inside of the liposomes were protected from labeling. Subsequently, the unlabeled versus labeled peak area ratios for peptide and protein samples were compared using MALDI-TOF-MS. In this proof-of-concept study, we developed the Liposome Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (LAMPA) workflow to study three well-known membrane-active model peptides (melittin, alamethicin, and gramicidin) and two model proteins (aprotinin and ubiquitin). The permeability results obtained from this were corroborated by previously reported data for studied peptides and proteins. The proposed LAMPA by MALDI-HDX-MS can be applied in an ultra-high-throughput manner for studying and rank-ordering membrane permeability of peptides and small proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Makarov
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development /Process Research & Development, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
| | - Gregory F Pirrone
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development /Process Research & Development, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Vladimir Shchurik
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development /Process Research & Development, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development /Process Research & Development, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development /Process Research & Development, 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
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Anokhin BA, Dean WL, Smith KA, Flick MJ, Ariëns RAS, Philippou H, Maurer MC. Proteolytic and nonproteolytic activation mechanisms result in conformationally and functionally different forms of coagulation factor XIII A. FEBS J 2019; 287:452-464. [PMID: 31407850 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Factor XIIIA (FXIIIA) is a transglutaminase that cross-links intra- and extracellular protein substrates. FXIIIA is expressed as an inactive zymogen, and during blood coagulation, it is activated by removal of an activation peptide by the protease thrombin. No such proteolytic FXIIIA activation is known to occur in other tissues or the intracellular form of FXIIIA. For those locations, FXIIIA is assumed instead to undergo activation by Ca2+ ions. Previously, we demonstrated a monomeric state for active FXIIIA. Current analytical ultracentrifugation and kinetic experiments revealed that thrombin-activated FXIIIA has a higher conformational flexibility and a stronger affinity toward glutamine substrate than does nonproteolytically activated FXIIIA. The proteolytic activation of FXIIIA was further investigated in a context of fibrin clotting. In a series of fibrin cross-linking assays and scanning electron microscopy studies of plasma clots, the activation rates of FXIIIA V34X variants were correlated with the extent of fibrin cross-linking and incorporation of nonfibrous protein into the clot. Overall, the results suggest conformational and functional differences between active FXIIIA forms, thus expanding the understanding of FXIIIA function. Those differences may serve as a basis for developing therapeutic strategies to target FXIIIA in different physiological environments. ENZYMES: Factor XIIIA ( EC 2.3.2.13).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William L Dean
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kerrie A Smith
- Leeds Thrombosis Collective, Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Leeds Thrombosis Collective, Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Helen Philippou
- Leeds Thrombosis Collective, Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
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Bagoly Z, Muszbek L. Factor XIII: What does it look like? J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:714-716. [PMID: 30884069 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Bagoly
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Muszbek
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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8
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Hethershaw EL, Adamson PJ, Smith KA, Goldsberry WN, Pease RJ, Radford SE, Grant PJ, Ariëns RAS, Maurer MC, Philippou H. The role of β-barrels 1 and 2 in the enzymatic activity of factor XIII A-subunit. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1391-1401. [PMID: 29675848 PMCID: PMC6175083 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The roles of β-barrels 1 and 2 in factor XIII (FXIII) are currently unknown. FXIII truncations lacking β-barrel 2, both β-barrels, or full length FXIII, were made. Removing β-barrel 2 caused total loss of activity, removing both β-barrels returned 30% activity. β-barrel 2 is necessary for exposure of the active site cysteine during activation. SUMMARY Background Factor XIII is composed of an activation peptide segment, a β-sandwich domain, a catalytic core, and, finally, β-barrels 1 and 2. FXIII is activated following cleavage of its A-subunits by thrombin. The resultant transglutaminase activity leads to increased resistance of fibrin clots to fibrinolysis. Objectives To assess the functional roles of β-barrels 1 and 2 in FXIII, we expressed and characterized the full-length FXIII A-subunit (FXIII-A) and variants truncated to residue 628 (truncated to β-barrel 1 [TB1]), residue 515 (truncated to catalytic core [TCC]), and residue 184 (truncated to β-sandwich). Methods Proteins were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, fluorometric assays, and colorimetric activity assays, clot structure was analyzed by turbidity measurements and confocal microscopy, and clot formation was analyzed with a Chandler loop system. Results and Conclusions Circular dichroism spectroscopy and tryptophan fluorometry indicated that full-length FXIII-A and the truncation variants TCC and TB1 retain their secondary and tertiary structure. Removal of β-barrel 2 (TB1) resulted in total loss of transglutaminase activity, whereas the additional removal of β-barrel 1 (TCC) restored enzymatic activity to ~ 30% of that of full-length FXIII-A. These activity trends were observed with physiological substrates and smaller model substrates. Our data suggest that the β-barrel 1 domain protects the active site cysteine in the FXIII protransglutaminase, whereas the β-barrel 2 domain is necessary for exposure of the active site cysteine during activation. This study demonstrates the importance of individual β-barrel domains in modulating access to the FXIII active site region.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Hethershaw
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - P. J. Adamson
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - K. A. Smith
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - R. J. Pease
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - S. E. Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - P. J. Grant
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - R. A. S. Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - M. C. Maurer
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - H. Philippou
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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9
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Rosenfeld MA, Vasilyeva AD, Yurina LV, Bychkova AV. Oxidation of proteins: is it a programmed process? Free Radic Res 2017; 52:14-38. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1402305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Rosenfeld
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Vasilyeva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov V. Yurina
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Bychkova
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Anokhin BA, Stribinskis V, Dean WL, Maurer MC. Activation of factor XIII is accompanied by a change in oligomerization state. FEBS J 2017; 284:3849-3861. [PMID: 28915348 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Factor XIII A (FXIIIA) is a member of the transglutaminase enzyme family that cross-links both intra- and extracellular protein substrates. To prevent undesired cross-linking, FXIIIA is expressed as an inactive zymogen and exists intracellularly as an A2 homodimer. In plasma, FXIII A2 is complexed with two protective factor XIII B subunits (A2 B2 ) that dissociate upon activation of the zymogen. Based on limited experimental data, activated FXIII was considered a dimer of two catalytically active A subunits. However, accumulating but indirect evidence has suggested activation may lead to a monomeric state instead. In the present study, we employed analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) to directly explore the oligomerization state of zymogen as well as active FXIIIA in solution. We first confirmed that the zymogen was a FXIIIA2 dimer. When we activated FXIIIA nonproteolytically (by high mm Ca2+ ), the protein dissociated to monomers. More importantly, FXIIIA incubation with its physiological partner, the protease thrombin, led to a monomeric state as well. AUC studies of partially cleaved FXIIIA further suggested that thrombin cleavage of a single activation peptide in a zymogen dimer is sufficient to weaken intersubunit interactions, initiating the transition to monomer. The enzymatic activity of the thrombin-cleaved species was higher than nonproteolytically activated enzyme, suggesting that displacement of the activation peptide renders the FXIIIA more accessible to substrates. Thus, results provide evidence that FXIII undergoes a change in oligomerization state as part of the activation process, and emphasize the role of the activation peptide in preventing FXIIIA catalytic activity. ENZYMES Factor XIIIA (EC2.3.2.13).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vilius Stribinskis
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY, USA
| | - William L Dean
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Pirrone GF, Wang H, Canfield N, Chin AS, Rhodes TA, Makarov AA. Use of MALDI-MS Combined with Differential Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange for Semiautomated Protein Global Conformational Screening. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8351-8357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F. Pirrone
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, †Process Research & Development and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Heather Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, †Process Research & Development and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nicole Canfield
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, †Process Research & Development and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Alexander S. Chin
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, †Process Research & Development and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Timothy A. Rhodes
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, †Process Research & Development and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Alexey A. Makarov
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, †Process Research & Development and ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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12
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Stieler M, Weber J, Hils M, Kolb P, Heine A, Büchold C, Pasternack R, Klebe G. Kristallstruktur des aktiven Gerinnungsfaktors XIIIa, induziert durch Calciumbindung: Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuartiger Antikoagulantien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Stieler M, Weber J, Hils M, Kolb P, Heine A, Büchold C, Pasternack R, Klebe G. Structure of active coagulation factor XIII triggered by calcium binding: basis for the design of next-generation anticoagulants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11930-4. [PMID: 24115223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stieler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg (Germany)
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14
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Iacob RE, Engen JR. Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry: are we out of the quicksand? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1003-10. [PMID: 22476891 PMCID: PMC3389995 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of hydrogen exchange (HX) mass spectrometry (MS) to study proteins and protein conformation is now over 20 years old, the perception lingers that it still has "issues." Is this method, in fact, still in the quicksand with many remaining obstacles to overcome? We do not think so. This critical insight addresses the "issues" and explores several broad questions including, have the limitations of HX MS been surmounted and has HX MS achieved "indispensable" status in the pantheon of protein structural analysis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R. Engen
- Address reprint requests to: John R. Engen, Ph.D., Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA, , Fax: 617-373-2855
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15
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Factor XIII is a key molecule at the intersection of coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as inflammation and infection control. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:362-70. [PMID: 22477542 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) is a transglutaminase consisting of two catalytic A subunits (FXIII-A) and two non-catalytic B subunits (FXIII-B) in plasma. FXIII-B protects FXIII-A from its clearance. FXIII-A is also present as a homodimer inside megakaryocytes/platelets and monocytes/macrophages. Although possible functions of intracellular FXIII-A have been proposed, these remain to be established. Intra- and extra-cellular FXIIIs support platelet adhesion and spreading as well as clot retraction, suggesting that FXIII is important for the stabilization of platelet-fibrin clots. Intra- and extra-cellular FXIIIs also support immobilization and killing of bacteria as well as phagocytosis by macrophages. Thus, FXIII may function in innate immunity. Congenital FXIII deficiency due to defective F13-A genes manifests as a life-long bleeding tendency, abnormal wound healing, and recurrent miscarriage. Although congenital FXIII-B deficiency used to be thought rare, reports of such cases have increased recently. As the bleeding tendency is often mild, patients with FXIII-B deficiency may be overlooked by physicians. Patients with acquired FXIII deficiency, in particular those with autoimmune hemorrhaphilia due to anti-FXIII antibodies, are on the increase, at least in Japan. It is important to diagnose such cases as early as possible, and to treat them with immunosuppression in combination with FXIII replacement therapy as their bleeding symptoms can be life-threatening.
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Kokkinidis M, Glykos N, Fadouloglou V. Protein Flexibility and Enzymatic Catalysis. STRUCTURAL AND MECHANISTIC ENZYMOLOGY - BRINGING TOGETHER EXPERIMENTS AND COMPUTING 2012; 87:181-218. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398312-1.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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