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Zhang J, Liu B, Chen H, Zhang L, Jiang X. Application and Method of Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology in the Preparation and Characterization of Biomedical Nanoparticle Materials. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7049-7069. [PMID: 39011388 PMCID: PMC11249113 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s468695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology, as a powerful analytical tool, plays a crucial role in the preparation, performance evaluation, and biomedical applications of nanoparticles due to its real-time, label-free, and highly sensitive detection capabilities. In the nanoparticle preparation process, SPR technology can monitor synthesis reactions and surface modifications in real-time, optimizing preparation techniques and conditions. SPR enables precise measurement of interactions between nanoparticles and biomolecules, including binding affinities and kinetic parameters, thereby assessing nanoparticle performance. In biomedical applications, SPR technology is extensively used in the study of drug delivery systems, biomarker detection for disease diagnosis, and nanoparticle-biomolecule interactions. This paper reviews the latest advancements in SPR technology for nanoparticle preparation, performance evaluation, and biomedical applications, discussing its advantages and challenges in biomedical applications, and forecasting future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Zhang
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingshu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Zheng Q, Xie J, Xiao J, Cao Y, Liu X. Unraveling the underlying mechanism of interactions between astaxanthin geometrical isomers and bovine serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123731. [PMID: 38064963 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The health benefits of astaxanthin (AST) are related to its geometric isomers. Generally, functional activity is realized by the interactions between active substances and transporters. Hereto, bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model-binding protein and transporter, is able to recognize and transport isomers of active substances through binding with them. However, differences in the binding mechanism of isomers to BSA may affect the functional activities of isomers through the "binding-transport-activity" chain reaction. Thus, this study sought to elucidate the interactions between AST geometrical isomers and BSA using multi-spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking. The results showed that Z-AST displayed more interacting amino acid residues and lower thermodynamic parameters than all-E-AST. Meanwhile, the order of binding affinity to BSA was 13Z-AST (1.56 × 10-7 M) > 9Z-AST (2.70 × 10-7 M) > all-E-AST (4.01 × 10-7 M), indicating that Z-AST possessed stronger binding ability to BSA. Moreover, AST isomers were located at the junction between subdomains ⅡA and ⅢA of BSA, and showed the same interaction forces (hydrogen bond and van der Waals force) as well as kinetic processes (slow combination, slow dissociation). These interaction parameters provide valuable insights into their pharmacokinetics in vivo, and it was of great significance to explain the potential differences among AST isomers in functional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsheng Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Acevedo O, Contreras RA, Stange C. The Carrot Phytoene Synthase 2 ( DcPSY2) Promotes Salt Stress Tolerance through a Positive Regulation of Abscisic Acid and Abiotic-Related Genes in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1925. [PMID: 37653842 PMCID: PMC10220825 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Carotenoids, which are secondary metabolites derived from isoprenoids, play a crucial role in photo-protection and photosynthesis, and act as precursors for abscisic acid, a hormone that plays a significant role in plant abiotic stress responses. The biosynthesis of carotenoids in higher plants initiates with the production of phytoene from two geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate molecules. Phytoene synthase (PSY), an essential catalytic enzyme in the process, regulates this crucial step in the pathway. In Daucus carota L. (carrot), two PSY genes (DcPSY1 and DcPSY2) have been identified but only DcPSY2 expression is induced by ABA. Here we show that the ectopic expression of DcPSY2 in Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco) produces in L3 and L6 a significant increase in total carotenoids and chlorophyll a, and a significant increment in phytoene in the T1L6 line. Tobacco transgenic T1L3 and T1L6 lines subjected to chronic NaCl stress showed an increase of between 2 and 3- and 6-fold in survival rate relative to control lines, which correlates directly with an increase in the expression of endogenous carotenogenic and abiotic-related genes, and with ABA levels. Conclusions: These results provide evidence of the functionality of DcPSY2 in conferring salt stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco T1L3 and T1L6 lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Acevedo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal e Innovación en Sistemas Agroalimentario, Instituto de Nutrición de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Contreras
- Research Unit, Department of R&D, The Not Company SpA (NotCo), Avenida Quilin 3550, Macul, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Claudia Stange
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile
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Bernstein PS. Nourishing Better Vision: The ARVO 2021 Mildred Weisenfeld Award Lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:13. [PMID: 35285848 PMCID: PMC8934560 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Bernstein
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Gazzolo D, Picone S, Gaiero A, Bellettato M, Montrone G, Riccobene F, Lista G, Pellegrini G. Early Pediatric Benefit of Lutein for Maturing Eyes and Brain-An Overview. Nutrients 2021; 13:3239. [PMID: 34579116 PMCID: PMC8468336 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a dietary carotenoid preferentially accumulated in the eye and the brain in early life and throughout the life span. Lutein accumulation in areas of high metabolism and oxidative stress such as the eye and the brain suggest a unique role of this ingredient during the development and maturation of these organs of common embryological origin. Lutein is naturally provided to the developing baby via the cord blood, breast milk and then infant diet. The presence of this carotenoid depends on fruit and vegetable intakes and its bioavailability is higher in breastmilk. This paper aims to review the anatomical development of the eye and the brain, explore the presence and selective deposition of lutein in these organs during pregnancy and infancy and, based on its functional characteristics, present the latest available research on the beneficial role of lutein in the pediatric population. The potential effects of lutein in ameliorating conditions associated with increase oxidative stress such as in prematurity will be also addressed. Since consumption of lutein rich foods falls short of government guidelines and in most region of the world infant formulas lack this bioactive, dietary recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their child can help to bridge the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gazzolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University G. d’Annunzio, 65100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simonetta Picone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Gaiero
- Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, asl2 Ospedale San Paolo Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy;
| | - Massimo Bellettato
- Department of Women and Child’s Health, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
| | - Gerardo Montrone
- S.S.V.D “NIDO E STEN” Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | | | - Gianluca Lista
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, ASST-FBF-Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy;
| | - Guido Pellegrini
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Presidio Ospedaliero “Città di Sesto San Giovanni, Sesto san Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy;
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Zhao X, Meng X, Ragauskas AJ, Lai C, Ling Z, Huang C, Yong Q. Unlocking the secret of lignin-enzyme interactions: Recent advances in developing state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107830. [PMID: 34480987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioconversion of renewable lignocellulosics to produce liquid fuels and chemicals is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of fossil resource shortage, energy security, and environmental challenges. Among the many biorefinery pathways, hydrolysis of lignocellulosics to fermentable monosaccharides by cellulase is arguably the most critical step of lignocellulose bioconversion. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, the direct physical contact between enzymes and cellulose is an essential prerequisite for the hydrolysis to occur. However, lignin is considered one of the most recalcitrant factors hindering the accessibility of cellulose by binding to cellulase unproductively, which reduces the saccharification rate and yield of sugars. This results in high costs for the saccharification of carbohydrates. The various interactions between enzymes and lignin have been explored from different perspectives in literature, and a basic lignin inhibition mechanism has been proposed. However, the exact interaction between lignin and enzyme as well as the recently reported promotion of some types of lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis is still unclear at the molecular level. Multiple analytical techniques have been developed, and fully unlocking the secret of lignin-enzyme interactions would require a continuous improvement of the currently available analytical techniques. This review summarizes the current commonly used advanced research analytical techniques for investigating the interaction between lignin and enzyme, including quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy (FLS), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Interdisciplinary integration of these analytical methods is pursued to provide new insight into the interactions between lignin and enzymes. This review will serve as a resource for future research seeking to develop new methodologies for a better understanding of the basic mechanism of lignin-enzyme binding during the critical hydrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Inhibitory Activity and Mechanism Investigation of Hypericin as a Novel α-Glucosidase Inhibitor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154566. [PMID: 34361714 PMCID: PMC8348433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
α-glucosidase is a major enzyme that is involved in starch digestion and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, the inhibition of hypericin by α-glucosidase and its mechanism were firstly investigated using enzyme kinetics analysis, real-time interaction analysis between hypericin and α-glucosidase by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and molecular docking simulation. The results showed that hypericin was a high potential reversible and competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, with a maximum half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.66 ± 0.27 mg/L. The binding affinities of hypericin with α-glucosidase were assessed using an SPR detection system, which indicated that these were strong and fast, with balances dissociation constant (KD) values of 6.56 × 10−5 M and exhibited a slow dissociation reaction. Analysis by molecular docking further revealed that hydrophobic forces are generated by interactions between hypericin and amino acid residues Arg-315 and Tyr-316. In addition, hydrogen bonding occurred between hypericin and α-glucosidase amino acid residues Lys-156, Ser-157, Gly-160, Ser-240, His-280, Asp-242, and Asp-307. The structure and micro-environment of α-glucosidase enzymes were altered, which led to a decrease in α-glucosidase activity. This research identified that hypericin, an anthracene ketone compound, could be a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor and further applied to the development of potential anti-diabetic drugs.
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8
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Song X, Liu L, Hu W, Liang X, He C, Yin L, Ye G, Zou Y, Li L, Tang H, Jia R, Yin Z. Identification of the amino acids residues involved in hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of Newcastle disease virus binding to sulfated Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharides. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101255. [PMID: 34198092 PMCID: PMC8255242 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral mechanism of sulfated polysaccharides is supposed to prevent virus entry, which is mediated by the interactions of anionic charges on sulfated polysaccharides with positively charged domains of viral envelope glycoproteins, leading to shielding of the functional domain involved in virus attachment to cell surface receptors. But, few direct evidences were reported. In the previous study, we found that sulfated Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharides (sCVPS) possessed remarkable inhibitory effect against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) through inhibition of NDV attachment to host cells. Whether sCVPS bound to hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) leading to inhibition of NDV attachment needs to be further clarified. The present study conducted site-directed mutagenesis of possible positively charged residues of HN, and found that mutants R197G, H199G, R363G, and R523G could significantly decrease the inhibitory effects of sCVPS on receptor binding ability through hemadsorption assay, especially R363G which suggested that binding to R363 is more effective to shield the sialic acid binding sites. Dual mutants (R363G/R197G, R363G/H199G and R363G/R523G) induced more decreased inhibitory effect of sCVPS than single mutants. The immunofluorescence study using FITC-labeled sCVPS found that the fluorescence intensity of mutants R363G and R363G/H199G were significantly decreased. The binding kinetics of sCVPS to HN measured by surface plasmon resonance indicated that sCVPS had a higher binding affinity for wild-type HN than mutants R363G and R363G/H199G. Plaque reduction study was performed using recombinant NDV with mutant HNR363G and HNR363G/H199G, which showed significantly decreased inhibitory effects of sCVPS against mutant NDV adsorption to BHK-21 cells. These results suggested that the residues R197, H199, R363, and R523 were the binding sites for sCVPS, especially R363 act as the main interaction site. The present study provided direct evidence for the theory that antiviral mechanism of sulfated polysaccharides attributed to anionic groups binding to the positively charged residues of viral proteins which led to the shielding of receptor binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lin Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Wei Hu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China.
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9
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Rezende JDP, Coelho YL, de Paula HMC, da Silva LHM, Pires ACDS. Temperature modulation of lutein-lysozyme hydrophobic-hydrophilic interaction balance. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Li H, Yang H, Li P, Li M, Yao Q, Min L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zheng N. Maillard reaction products with furan ring, like furosine, cause kidney injury through triggering ferroptosis pathway. Food Chem 2020; 319:126368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Imaging lutein and zeaxanthin in the human retina with confocal resonance Raman microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12352-12358. [PMID: 32409609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922793117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids that are highly concentrated in the human macula, where they protect the eye from oxidative damage and improve visual performance. Distinguishing lutein from zeaxanthin in images of the human retina in vivo or in donor eye tissues has been challenging because no available technology has been able to reliably differentiate between these two carotenoids, which differ only in the position of one C = C bond. Here, we report the differential distributions of lutein and zeaxanthin in human donor retinas mapped with confocal resonance Raman microscopy. Zeaxanthin is highly concentrated in the fovea, extending from the inner to the outer limiting membranes, with especially high concentrations in the outer plexiform layer, while lutein is much more diffuse at relatively lower concentration. Our results imply that zeaxanthin may play a more important role than lutein in human macular health and disease.
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12
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Binding analysis between monomeric β-casein and hydrophobic bioactive compounds investigated by surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Food Chem 2019; 286:289-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Tugaeva KV, Sluchanko NN. Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein: Structure, Functioning, and Regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:S233-S253. [PMID: 31213205 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919140141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis takes place mainly in adrenal and gonadal cells that produce a variety of structurally similar hormones regulating numerous body functions. The rate-limiting stage of steroidogenesis is cholesterol delivery to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is converted by cytochrome P450scc into pregnenolone, a common precursor of all steroid hormones. The major role of supplying mitochondria with cholesterol belongs to steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STARD1). STARD1, which is synthesized de novo as a precursor containing mitochondrial localization sequence and sterol-binding domain, significantly accelerates cholesterol transport and production of pregnenolone. Despite a tremendous interest in STARD1 fueled by its involvement in hereditary diseases and extensive efforts of numerous laboratories worldwide, many aspects of STARD1 structure, functioning, and regulation remain obscure and debatable. This review presents current concepts on the structure of STARD1 and other lipid transfer proteins, the role of STARD1 in steroidogenesis, and the mechanism of its functioning, as well as identifies the most controversial and least studied questions related to the activity of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Tugaeva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - N N Sluchanko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Biophysics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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14
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Swiatek S, Komorek P, Jachimska B. Adsorption of β-lactoglobulin A on gold surface determined in situ by QCM-D measurements. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Hearty S, Leonard P, Ma H, O'Kennedy R. Measuring Antibody-Antigen Binding Kinetics Using Surface Plasmon Resonance. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1827:421-455. [PMID: 30196510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8648-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is now widely embraced as a technology for monitoring a diverse range of protein-protein interactions and is considered almost de rigueur for characterizing antibody-antigen interactions. The technique obviates the need to label either of the interacting species, and the binding event is visualized in real time. Thus, it is ideally suited for screening crude, unpurified antibody samples that dominate early candidate panels following antibody selection campaigns. SPR returns not only concentration and affinity data but when used correctly can resolve the discrete component kinetic parameters (association and dissociation rate constants) of the affinity interaction. Herein, we outline some SPR-based generic antibody screening configurations and methodologies in the context of expediting data-rich ranking of candidate antibody panels and ensuring that antibodies with the optimal kinetic binding characteristics are reliably identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hearty
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
- Qatar Foundation and Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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16
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Di Natale C, Celetti G, Scognamiglio PL, Cosenza C, Battista E, Causa F, Netti PA. Molecularly endowed hydrogel with an in silico-assisted screened peptide for highly sensitive small molecule harvesting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10088-10091. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic representation of in silico-assisted screening of an AFM1 binding peptide and the working principle of toxin harvesting by molecularly endowed hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Di Natale
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Naples 80125
- Italy
| | - Giorgia Celetti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Naples 80125
- Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cosenza
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB)
- University “Federico II”
- Naples 80125
- Italy
| | - Edmondo Battista
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB)
- University “Federico II”
- Naples 80125
- Italy
| | - Filippo Causa
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Naples 80125
- Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB)
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Naples 80125
- Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB)
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17
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Shyam R, Vachali P, Gorusupudi A, Nelson K, Bernstein PS. All three human scavenger receptor class B proteins can bind and transport all three macular xanthophyll carotenoids. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 634:21-28. [PMID: 28947101 PMCID: PMC5698089 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are plant pigment molecules that are potent antioxidants. Carotenoids cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, their dietary intake and transport to various tissues are essential to harness their health benefits. Two of the three scavenger receptor class B (SRB) proteins, SR-B1 and CD36, have been implicated as carotenoid transporters in lower species and in various tissues of higher animals. The function of the third SRB protein, SR-B2, in carotenoid transport is unknown. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses, we have determined that all three human SRB proteins are capable of binding the macular xanthophyll carotenoids; lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. By over-expressing human SRB proteins in cells that do not endogenously express SRBs, we have determined that lutein uptake is enhanced in the presence of LDL and is mediated by SR-B1 and CD36. SR-B1, SR-B2, and CD36 were able to take up significant amounts of zeaxanthin as well as meso-zeaxanthin, and uptake was increased in the presence of HDL. Our analyses revealed no apparent differences in protein expression profiles of SRBs in central and peripheral regions of human donor tissues, indicating that carotenoid-binding proteins rather than transporters are likely to mediate selective accumulation of carotenoids into the macula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalekshmy Shyam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 N Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, 20 S 2030 E, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Preejith Vachali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 N Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Aruna Gorusupudi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 N Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kelly Nelson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 N Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 N Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, 20 S 2030 E, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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18
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Bohn T, Desmarchelier C, Dragsted LO, Nielsen CS, Stahl W, Rühl R, Keijer J, Borel P. Host-related factors explaining interindividual variability of carotenoid bioavailability and tissue concentrations in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1600685. [PMID: 28101967 PMCID: PMC5516247 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid dietary intake and their endogenous levels have been associated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases. There are indications that carotenoid bioavailability depends, in addition to the food matrix, on host factors. These include diseases (e.g. colitis), life-style habits (e.g. smoking), gender and age, as well as genetic variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms that govern carotenoid metabolism. These are expected to explain interindividual differences that contribute to carotenoid uptake, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and therefore possibly also their association with disease risk. For instance, digestion enzymes fostering micellization (PNLIP, CES), expression of uptake/efflux transporters (SR-BI, CD36, NPC1L1), cleavage enzymes (BCO1/2), intracellular transporters (FABP2), secretion into chylomicrons (APOB, MTTP), carotenoid metabolism in the blood and liver (LPL, APO C/E, LDLR), and distribution to target tissues such as adipose tissue or macula (GSTP1, StARD3) depend on the activity of these proteins. In addition, human microbiota, e.g. via altering bile-acid concentrations, may play a role in carotenoid bioavailability. In order to comprehend individual, variable responses to these compounds, an improved knowledge on intra-/interindividual factors determining carotenoid bioavailability, including tissue distribution, is required. Here, we highlight the current knowledge on factors that may explain such intra-/interindividual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | | | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Charlotte S. Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BTDebrecenHungary
- MTA‐DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesFaculty of Public HealthUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick Borel
- NORT, Aix‐Marseille Université, INRAINSERMMarseilleFrance
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19
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Liu X, Luo F, Li P, She Y, Gao W. Investigation of the interaction for three Citrus flavonoids and α-amylase by surface plasmon resonance. Food Res Int 2017; 97:1-6. [PMID: 28578029 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of natural drugs with broad biological activity, exhibit inhibitory effect on α-amylase. Citrus peel is a good source of flavonoids. The real-time interactions between three Citrus flavonoids (naringin, neohesperidin, hesperidin) and α-amylase were investigated by surface plasmon resonance biosensor, and were compared with the α-amylase inhibitors, acarbose. These results showed the binding affinities of naringin, neohesperidin and hesperidin with α-amylase reach the highest at pH6 with KD values of 2.27±0.18mM, 3.09±0.20mM and 3.51±0.09mM, and can be reinforced with 0.2M NaCl and 0.1M CaCl2, respectively. The results of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical assay indicate that the antioxidant activities of naringin, neohesperidin and hesperidin are significantly inhibited by interacting with α-amylase, and the inhibition percentage are 47.61±0.034%, 22.81±0.037% and 21.01±0.051%, respectively. Additionally, it is found that both the number and the position of hydroxyl group play an important role in the interaction of three Citrus flavonoids and α-amylase. These results provide useful information for rapid screening inhibitors of α-amylase from plant-based food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Fang Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Pao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yin She
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Wanru Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China
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20
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Stringham JM, O'Brien KJ, Stringham NT. Macular carotenoid supplementation improves disability glare performance and dynamics of photostress recovery. EYE AND VISION 2016; 3:30. [PMID: 27857944 PMCID: PMC5106769 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-016-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The so-called macular carotenoids (MC) lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) comprise the diet-derived macular pigment (MP). The purpose of this study was to determine effects of MC supplementation on the optical density of MP (MPOD), repeated-exposure photostress recovery (PSR), and disability glare (DG) thresholds. Methods This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty-nine young (mean age = 21.7), healthy volunteers participated in this study. Subjects supplemented their daily diet with either 10 mg L + 2 mg total Z (1 mg Z + 1 mg MZ; n = 24), 20 mg L + 4 mg total Z (2 mg Z + 2 mg MZ; n = 25), or placebo (n = 10) for 12 months. The primary outcome was a composite measure of visual performance in glare, defined by change in DG and PSR. Secondary outcomes included MPOD and visual fatigue. The primary endpoint for outcomes was 12 months. MPOD was assessed with customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. PSR times for an 8 cycle /degree, 15 % contrast Gabor patch target were determined after each of five successive exposures to intense LED lights. DG threshold was defined as the intensity of a ring of lights through which subjects were able to maintain visibility of the aforementioned target. Measures of all parameters were conducted at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Repeated-measures ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine statistically significant correlations, and changes within and between groups. Results MPOD for subjects in both supplementation groups increased significantly versus placebo at both 6- and 12-month visits (p < 0.001 for all). Additionally, PSR times and DG thresholds improved significantly from baseline compared to placebo at 6- and 12-month visits (p < 0.001 for all). At baseline, MPOD was significantly related to both DG thresholds (r = 0.444; p = 0.0021) and PSR times (r = -0.56; p < 0.001). As a function of MPOD, the repeated-exposure PSR curves became more asymptotic, as opposed to linear. The change in subjects’ DG thresholds were significantly related to changes in PSR times across the study period (r = -0.534; p < 0.001). Conclusions Increases in MPOD lead to significant improvements in PSR times and DG thresholds. The asymptotic shape of the repeated-exposure PSR curves suggests that increases in MPOD produce more consistent steady-state visual performance in bright light conditions. The mechanism for this effect may involve both the optical filtering and biochemical (antioxidant) properties of MP. Trial registration ISRCTN trial registration number: ISRCTN54990825. Data reported in this manuscript represent secondary outcome measures from the registered trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Vision Sciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Nicole T Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA ; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Biomedical Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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21
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Stringham JM, Stringham NT. Serum and retinal responses to three different doses of macular carotenoids over 12 weeks of supplementation. Exp Eye Res 2016; 151:1-8. [PMID: 27426932 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The macular carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and mesozeaxanthin (MZ) have been shown to have neuroprotective and visual performance benefits once deposited in retinal tissues. The purpose of this 12-week trial was to determine biweekly the absorption kinetics, efficiency of retinal deposition, and effects on the spatial profile of macular pigment for three levels of L + Z + MZ supplement. This study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial. Twenty-eight healthy subjects, aged 18-25 yrs participated. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four daily supplementation groups: placebo (safflower oil; n = 5), 7.44 mg total macular carotenoid (n = 7), 13.13 mg total macular carotenoid (n = 8), and 27.03 (n = 8) mg total macular carotenoid. Ratios of the three carotenoids were virtually identical for the three levels of supplement (83% L, 10% Z, 7% MZ). At baseline and every two weeks thereafter over the 12-week study period, a fasting blood draw was conducted and, via heterochromatic flicker photometry, spatial profiles of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) were determined. Compared to placebo, serum concentrations of both L and total Z, for each of the supplement levels, were found to increase significantly from baseline after two weeks of daily ingestion (p < 0.001). Likewise, MPOD increased significantly in all treatment groups (p < 0.001) compared to placebo. Serum responses (L, Z, and L + Z) were linearly related to dose (p < 0.001 for all), but not to retinal response. L: Z serum response ratios decreased exponentially with increases in dose (p = 0.008). The ratio of MPOD change: total serum response was found to be highest for the 13.13 mg level of supplement (p = 0.021), followed by 27.03- and 7.44-mg doses. The very center of the spatial profile of MPOD increased in a fashion commensurate with dose level. Although L serum responses increased with dose, the slope of increase was shallower than for Z. Given the higher levels of L in the supplements, this is suggestive of a compressed response with relatively high doses of L. Although all three doses significantly augmented MPOD, the 13.13 mg/day L + Z supplement level was the most efficient in doing so. The data regarding efficiency may inform recommendations regarding macular carotenoid supplementation for age-related macular degeneration. Lastly (although not statistically significant), the shift toward a more pronounced central peak in the spatial profile of MPOD in all treatment groups suggests that central retinal deposition of Z and MZ was efficient and can be seen after a short period of supplementation, especially with higher (e.g. 27.03 mg) daily doses of macular carotenoids. ISRCTN trial registration number: ISRCTN54990825.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Nicole T Stringham
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Biomedical Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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22
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Vachali PP, Li B, Besch BM, Bernstein PS. Protein-Flavonoid Interaction Studies by a Taylor Dispersion Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Technique: A Novel Method to Assess Biomolecular Interactions. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6010006. [PMID: 26927197 PMCID: PMC4810398 DOI: 10.3390/bios6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are common polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. These pigments have important pharmacological relevance because emerging research suggests possible anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties as well other beneficial health effects. These compounds are relatively hydrophobic molecules, suggesting the role of blood transport proteins in their delivery to tissues. In this study, we assess the binding interactions of four flavonoids (kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, and resveratrol) with human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in the blood, and with glutathione S-transferase pi isoform-1 (GSTP1), an enzyme with well-characterized hydrophobic binding sites that plays an important role in detoxification of xenobiotics with reduced glutathione, using a novel Taylor dispersion surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. For the first time, HSA sites revealed a high-affinity binding site for flavonoid interactions. Out of the four flavonoids that we examined, quercetin and kaempferol showed the strongest equilibrium binding affinities (KD) of 63 ± 0.03 nM and 37 ± 0.07 nM, respectively. GSTP1 displayed lower affinities in the micromolar range towards all of the flavonoids tested. The interactions of flavonoids with HSA and GSTP1 were studied successfully using this novel SPR assay method. The new method is compatible with both kinetic and equilibrium analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preejith P Vachali
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Binxing Li
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Brian M Besch
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Vachali PP, Li B, Bartschi A, Bernstein PS. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor technology for the quantitative characterization of protein-carotenoid interactions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:66-72. [PMID: 25513962 PMCID: PMC4402104 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor method is a highly sensitive, label-free technique to study the non-covalent interactions of biomolecules, especially protein-protein and protein-small molecule interactions. We have explored this robust biosensor platform to study the interactions of carotenoid-binding proteins and their carotenoid ligands to assess the specificity of interaction, kinetics, affinity, and stoichiometry. These characterizations are important to further study uptake and transport of carotenoids to targeted tissues such as the macula of the human eye. In this review, we present an overview of the SPR method and optimization of assay conditions, and we discuss the particular challenges in studying carotenoid-protein interactions using SPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preejith P Vachali
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | - Binxing Li
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | - Alexis Bartschi
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States.
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25
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Solubilization and stabilization of macular carotenoids by water soluble oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 572:58-65. [PMID: 25527162 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Xanthophyll carotenoids zeaxanthin and lutein play a special role in the prevention and treatment of visual diseases. These carotenoids are not produced by the human body and must be consumed in the diet. On the other hand, extremely low water solubility of these carotenoids and their instability restrict their practical application as components of food or medicinal formulations. Preparation of supramolecular complexes of zeaxanthin and lutein with glycyrrhizic acid, its disodium salt and the natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan allows one to minimize the aforementioned disadvantages when carotenoids are used in food processing as well as for production of therapeutic formulations with enhanced solubility and stability. In the present study, the formation of supramolecular complexes was investigated by NMR relaxation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and optical absorption techniques. The complexes increase carotenoid solubility more than 1000-fold. The kinetics of carotenoid decay in reactions with ozone molecules, hydroperoxyl radicals and metal ions were measured in water and organic solutions, and significant increases in oxidation stability of lutein and zeaxanthin in arabinogalactan and glycyrrhizin complexes were detected.
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Midzak A, Papadopoulos V. Binding domain-driven intracellular trafficking of sterols for synthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids and oxysterols. Traffic 2014; 15:895-914. [PMID: 24890942 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones, bioactive oxysterols and bile acids are all derived from the biological metabolism of lipid cholesterol. The enzymatic pathways generating these compounds have been an area of intense research for almost a century, as cholesterol and its metabolites have substantial impacts on human health. Owing to its high degree of hydrophobicity and the chemical properties that it confers to biological membranes, the distribution of cholesterol in cells is tightly controlled, with subcellular organelles exhibiting highly divergent levels of cholesterol. The manners in which cells maintain such sterol distributions are of great interest in the study of steroid and bile acid synthesis, as limiting cholesterol substrate to the enzymatic pathways is the principal mechanism by which production of steroids and bile acids is regulated. The mechanisms by which cholesterol moves within cells, however, remain poorly understood. In this review, we examine the subcellular machinery involved in cholesterol metabolism to steroid hormones and bile acid, relating it to both lipid- and protein-based mechanisms facilitating intracellular and intraorganellar cholesterol movement and delivery to these pathways. In particular, we examine evidence for the involvement of specific protein domains involved in cholesterol binding, which impact cholesterol movement and metabolism in steroidogenesis and bile acid synthesis. A better understanding of the physical mechanisms by which these protein- and lipid-based systems function is of fundamental importance to understanding physiological homeostasis and its perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Midzak
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Inactivity of human β,β-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase (BCO2) underlies retinal accumulation of the human macular carotenoid pigment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:10173-8. [PMID: 24982131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402526111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The macula of the primate retina uniquely concentrates high amounts of the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, but the underlying biochemical mechanisms for this spatial- and species-specific localization have not been fully elucidated. For example, despite abundant retinal levels in mice and primates of a binding protein for zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin, the pi isoform of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1), only human and monkey retinas naturally contain detectable levels of these carotenoids. We therefore investigated whether or not differences in expression, localization, and activity between mouse and primate carotenoid metabolic enzymes could account for this species-specific difference in retinal accumulation. We focused on β,β-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase (BCO2, also known as BCDO2), the only known mammalian xanthophyll cleavage enzyme. RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed that BCO2 is expressed in both mouse and primate retinas. Cotransfection of expression plasmids of human or mouse BCO2 into Escherichia coli strains engineered to produce zeaxanthin demonstrated that only mouse BCO2 is an active zeaxanthin cleavage enzyme. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding studies showed that the binding affinities between human BCO2 and lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin are 10- to 40-fold weaker than those for mouse BCO2, implying that ineffective capture of carotenoids by human BCO2 prevents cleavage of xanthophyll carotenoids. Moreover, BCO2 knockout mice, unlike WT mice, accumulate zeaxanthin in their retinas. Our results provide a novel explanation for how primates uniquely concentrate xanthophyll carotenoids at high levels in retinal tissue.
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Vachali PP, Besch BM, Gonzalez-Fernandez F, Bernstein PS. Carotenoids as possible interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) ligands: a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 539:181-6. [PMID: 23876239 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uptake, transport and stabilization of xanthophylls in the human retina are important components of a complex multistep process that culminates in a non-uniform distribution of these important nutrients in the retina. The process is far from understood; here, we consider the potential role of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) in this process. IRBP is thought to facilitate the exchange of 11-cis-retinal, 11-cis-retinol and all-trans-retinol between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptors and Müller cells in the visual cycle. Structural and biochemical studies suggest that IRBP has a variety of nonequivalent ligand binding sites that function in this process. IRBP is multifunctional, being able to bind a variety of physiologically significant molecules including fatty acids in the subretinal space. This wide range of binding activities is of particular interest because it is unknown whether the lutein and zeaxanthin found in the macula originate from the choroidal or retinal circulations. If from the choroidal circulation, then IRBP is a likely mediator for their transport across the interphotoreceptor matrix. In this report, we explore the binding interactions of retinoids, fatty acids, and carotenoids with IRBP using surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors. IRBP showed similar affinity toward retinoids and carotenoids (1-2 μM), while fatty acids had approximately 10 times less affinity. These results suggest that further studies should be carried out to evaluate whether IRBP has a physiologically relevant role in binding lutein and zeaxanthin in the interphotoreceptor matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preejith P Vachali
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
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Meyers KJ, Johnson EJ, Bernstein PS, Iyengar SK, Engelman CD, Karki CK, Liu Z, Igo RP, Truitt B, Klein ML, Snodderly DM, Blodi BA, Gehrs KM, Sarto GE, Wallace RB, Robinson J, LeBlanc ES, Hageman G, Tinker L, Mares JA. Genetic determinants of macular pigments in women of the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:2333-45. [PMID: 23404124 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate genetic determinants of macular pigment optical density in women from the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS), an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. METHODS 1585 of 2005 CAREDS participants had macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measured noninvasively using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry and blood samples genotyped for 440 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 candidate genes related to absorption, transport, binding, and cleavage of carotenoids directly, or via lipid transport. SNPs were individually tested for associations with MPOD using least-squares linear regression. RESULTS Twenty-one SNPs from 11 genes were associated with MPOD (P ≤ 0.05) after adjusting for dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin. This includes variants in or near genes related to zeaxanthin binding in the macula (GSTP1), carotenoid cleavage (BCMO1), cholesterol transport or uptake (SCARB1, ABCA1, ABCG5, and LIPC), long-chain omega-3 fatty acid status (ELOVL2, FADS1, and FADS2), and various maculopathies (ALDH3A2 and RPE65). The strongest association was for rs11645428 near BCMO1 (βA = 0.029, P = 2.2 × 10(-4)). Conditional modeling within genes and further adjustment for other predictors of MPOD, including waist circumference, diabetes, and dietary intake of fiber, resulted in 13 SNPs from 10 genes maintaining independent association with MPOD. Variation in these single gene polymorphisms accounted for 5% of the variability in MPOD (P = 3.5 × 10(-11)). CONCLUSIONS Our results support that MPOD is a multi-factorial phenotype associated with variation in genes related to carotenoid transport, uptake, and metabolism, independent of known dietary and health influences on MPOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Meyers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
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Sakudoh T, Kuwazaki S, Iizuka T, Narukawa J, Yamamoto K, Uchino K, Sezutsu H, Banno Y, Tsuchida K. CD36 homolog divergence is responsible for the selectivity of carotenoid species migration to the silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:482-95. [PMID: 23160179 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m032771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary carotenoids are absorbed in the intestine and delivered to various tissues by circulating lipoproteins; however, the mechanism underlying selective delivery of different carotenoid species to individual tissues remains elusive. The products of the Yellow cocoon (C) gene and the Flesh (F) gene of the silkworm Bombyx mori determine the selectivity for transport of lutein and β-carotene, respectively, to the silk gland. We previously showed that the C gene encodes Cameo2, a CD36 family member, which is thought to function as a transmembrane lipoprotein receptor. Here, we elucidated the molecular identity of the F gene product by positional cloning, as SCRB15, a paralog of Cameo2 with 26% amino acid identity. In the F mutant, SCRB15 mRNA structure was severely disrupted, due to a 1.4 kb genomic insertion in a coding exon. Transgenic expression of SCRB15 in the middle silk gland using the binary GAL4-UAS expression system enhanced selective β-carotene uptake by the middle silk gland, while transgenic expression of Cameo2 enhanced selective lutein uptake under the same GAL4 driver. Our findings indicate that divergence of genes in the CD36 family determines the selectivity of carotenoid species uptake by silk gland tissue and that CD36-homologous proteins can discriminate among carotenoid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sakudoh
- Division of Radiological Protection and Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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Rodríguez Galdón B, Pinto Corraliza C, Cestero Carrillo JJ, Macías Laso P. Spectroscopic study of the interaction between lycopene and bovine serum albumin. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:765-70. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rodríguez Galdón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Extremadura University; Av. Elvas s/n; 06006; Badajoz; Spain
| | - Carmen Pinto Corraliza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Extremadura University; Av. Elvas s/n; 06006; Badajoz; Spain
| | - Juan J. Cestero Carrillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Extremadura University; Av. Elvas s/n; 06006; Badajoz; Spain
| | - Pedro Macías Laso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Extremadura University; Av. Elvas s/n; 06006; Badajoz; Spain
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