1
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Thyne KM, Salmon AB. Sexually dimorphic effects of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on murine longevity and health span during methionine restriction. GeroScience 2023; 45:3003-3017. [PMID: 37391679 PMCID: PMC10643651 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan in various model organisms, and understanding the molecular effectors of MR could expand the repertoire of tools targeting the aging process. Here, we address to what extent the biochemical pathway responsible for redox metabolism of methionine plays in regulating the effects of MR on lifespan and health span. Aerobic organisms have evolved methionine sulfoxide reductases to counter the oxidation of the thioether group contained in the essential amino acid methionine. Of these enzymes, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and has subcellular localization in both the cytosol and mitochondria. Loss of MsrA increases sensitivity to oxidative stress and has been associated with increased susceptibility to age-associated pathologies including metabolic dysfunction. We rationalized that limiting the available methionine with MR may place increased importance on methionine redox pathways, and that MsrA may be required to maintain available methionine for its critical uses in cellular homeostasis including protein synthesis, metabolism, and methylation. Using a genetic mutant mouse lacking MsrA, we tested the requirement for this enzyme in the effects of MR on longevity and markers of healthy aging late in life. When initiated in adulthood, we found that MR had minimal effects in males and females regardless of MsrA status. MR had minimal effect on lifespan with the exception of wild-type males where loss of MsrA slightly increased lifespan on MR. We also observed that MR drove an increase in body weight in wild-type mice only, but mice lacking MsrA tended to maintain more stable body weight throughout their lives. We also found that MR had greater benefit to males than females in terms of glucose metabolism and some functional health span assessments, but MsrA generally had minimal impact on these metrics. Frailty was also found to be unaffected by MR or MsrA in aged animals. We found that in general, MsrA was not required for the beneficial effects of MR on longevity and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Thyne
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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2
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Trujillo-Hernandez JA, Levine RL. Response to oxidative stress of AML12 hepatocyte cells with knockout of methionine sulfoxide reductases. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:100-106. [PMID: 37290581 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductases are enzymes that reduce methionine oxidation in the cell. In mammals there are three B-type reductases that act on the R-diastereomer of methionine sulfoxide, and one A-type reductase (MSRA) that acts on the S-diastereomer. Unexpectedly, knocking out the four genes in the mouse protected from oxidative stresses such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and paraquat. To elucidate the mechanism by which lack of the reductases protects against oxidative stresses, we aimed to create a cell culture model with AML12 cells, a differentiated hepatocyte cell line. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 to create lines lacking the four individual reductases. All were viable and their susceptibility to oxidative stresses was the same as the parental strain. The triple knockout lacking all three methionine sulfoxide reductases B was also viable, but the quadruple knockout was lethal. We thus modeled the quadruple knockout mouse by creating an AML12 line lacking the three MSRB and heterozygous for the MSRA (Msrb3KO-Msra+/-). We measured the effect of ischemia-reperfusion on the various AML12 cell lines, using a protocol that modeled the ischemic phase by glucose and oxygen deprivation for 36 h followed by return of glucose and oxygen for 3 h as the reperfusion phase. This stress killed ∼50% of the parental line, an effect we chose to facilitate detection of either protective or deleterious changes in the knockout lines. Unlike the protection afforded the mouse, the knockout lines produced by CRISPR/Cas9 did not differ from the parental line in their response to ischemia-reperfusion injury or paraquat poisoning. In the mouse, inter-organ communication may be essential for protection induced by lack of methionine sulfoxide reductases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Dr Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA.
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3
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Reeves JT, Herzog C, Barnes CL, Davis CA, Fuhlendorf SD, Wilder SM. Variation among arthropod taxa in the amino acid content of exoskeleton and digestible tissue. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10348. [PMID: 37496760 PMCID: PMC10365971 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod consumption provides amino acids to invertebrates and vertebrates alike, but not all amino acids in arthropods may be digestible as some are bound in the exoskeleton. Consumers may not be able to digest exoskeleton in significant amounts or avoid it entirely (e.g., extraoral digestion). Hence, measures that do not separate digestible amino acids from those in exoskeleton may not accurately represent the amino acids available to consumers. Additionally, arthropods are taxonomically diverse, and it remains unclear if taxonomic differences also reflect differences in amino acid availability. Thus, we tested: (1) if there were consistent differences in the content and balance of amino acids between the digestible tissue and exoskeleton of arthropods and (2) if arthropod Orders differ in amino acid content and balance. We measured the amino acid content (mg/100 mg dry mass) and balance (mg/100 mg protein) of whole bodies and exoskeleton of a variety of arthropods using acid hydrolysis. Overall, there was higher amino acid content in digestible tissue. There were also significant differences in the amino acid balance of proteins in digestible tissue and exoskeleton. Amino acid content and balance also varied among Orders; digestible tissues of Hemiptera contained more of some essential amino acids than other Orders. These results demonstrate that arthropod taxa vary in amino acid content, which could have implications for prey choice by insectivores. In addition, exoskeleton and digestible tissue content differ in arthropods, which means that whole body amino acid content of an arthropod is not necessarily a predictor of amino acid intake of a predator that feeds on that arthropod.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Reeves
- Department of Integrative BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Colton Herzog
- Department of Integrative BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | | | - Craig A. Davis
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Samuel D. Fuhlendorf
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Shawn M. Wilder
- Department of Integrative BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
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4
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Tarrago L, Kaya A, Kim HY, Manta B, Lee BC, Gladyshev VN. The selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MSRB1). Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:228-240. [PMID: 36084791 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) can be oxidized to methionine sulfoxide (MetO), which exist as R- and S-diastereomers. Present in all three domains of life, methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSR) are the enzymes that reduce MetO back to Met. Most characterized among them are MSRA and MSRB, which are strictly stereospecific for the S- and R-diastereomers of MetO, respectively. While the majority of MSRs use a catalytic Cys to reduce their substrates, some employ selenocysteine. This is the case of mammalian MSRB1, which was initially discovered as selenoprotein SELR or SELX and later was found to exhibit an MSRB activity. Genomic analyses demonstrated its occurrence in most animal lineages, and biochemical and structural analyses uncovered its catalytic mechanism. The use of transgenic mice and mammalian cell culture revealed its physiological importance in the protection against oxidative stress, maintenance of neuronal cells, cognition, cancer cell proliferation, and the immune response. Coincident with the discovery of Met oxidizing MICAL enzymes, recent findings of MSRB1 regulating the innate immunity response through reversible stereospecific Met-R-oxidation of cytoskeletal actin opened up new avenues for biological importance of MSRB1 and its role in disease. In this review, we discuss the current state of research on MSRB1, compare it with other animal Msrs, and offer a perspective on further understanding of biological functions of this selenoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Tarrago
- UMR 1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Hwa-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruno Manta
- Laboratorio de Genomica Microbiana, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11440, Montevideo, Uruguay; Catedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Las Heras 1925, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Byung-Cheon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA.
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5
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Metabolic benefits of methionine restriction in adult mice do not require functional methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA). Sci Rep 2022; 12:5073. [PMID: 35332198 PMCID: PMC8948287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan and improves several markers of health in rodents. However, the proximate mechanisms of MR on these physiological benefits have not been fully elucidated. The essential amino acid methionine plays numerous biological roles and limiting its availability in the diet directly modulates methionine metabolism. There is growing evidence that redox regulation of methionine has regulatory control on some aspects of cellular function but interactions with MR remain largely unexplored. We tested the functional role of the ubiquitously expressed methionine repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on the metabolic benefits of MR in mice. MsrA catalytically reduces both free and protein-bound oxidized methionine, thus playing a key role in its redox state. We tested the extent to which MsrA is required for metabolic effects of MR in adult mice using mice lacking MsrA. As expected, MR in control mice reduced body weight, altered body composition, and improved glucose metabolism. Interestingly, lack of MsrA did not impair the metabolic effects of MR on these outcomes. Moreover, females had blunted MR responses regardless of MsrA status compared to males. Overall, our data suggests that MsrA is not required for the metabolic benefits of MR in adult mice.
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6
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Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Ho E. Metabolic Fate of Dietary Glucosinolates and Their Metabolites: A Role for the Microbiome. Front Nutr 2021; 8:748433. [PMID: 34631775 PMCID: PMC8492924 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust evidence shows that phytochemicals from cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, are associated with numerous health benefits. The anti-cancer properties of these foods are attributed to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) and indoles, phytochemicals generated from biological precursor compounds called glucosinolates. ITCs, and particularly sulforaphane (SFN), are of intense interest as they block the initiation, and suppress the progression of cancer, through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The efficacy of these compounds is well-demonstrated in cell culture and animal models, however, high levels of inter-individual variation in absorption and excretion of ITCs is a significant barrier to the use of dietary glucosinolates to prevent and treat disease. The source of inter-individual ITC variation has yet to be fully elucidated and the gut microbiome may play a key role. This review highlights evidence that the gut microbiome influences the metabolic fate and activity of ITCs. Human feeding trials have shown inter-individual variations in gut microbiome composition coincides with variations in ITC absorption and excretion, and some bacteria produce ITCs from glucosinolates. Additionally, consumption of cruciferous vegetables can alter the composition of the gut microbiome and shift the physiochemical environment of the gut lumen, influencing the production of phytochemicals. Microbiome and diet induced changes to ITC metabolism may lead to the decrease of cancer fighting phytochemicals such as SFN and increase the production of biologically inert ones like SFN-nitrile. We conclude by offering perspective on the use of novel “omics” technologies to elucidate the interplay of the gut microbiome and ITC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bouranis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Laura M Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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7
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Conner SC, Benayoun L, Himali JJ, Adams SL, Yang Q, DeCarli C, Blusztajn JK, Beiser A, Seshadri S, Delalle I. Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase-B3 Risk Allele Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease Associates with Increased Odds for Brain Infarcts. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:357-365. [PMID: 30775993 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MSRB3 gene encoding Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase-B3 (MsrB3) to be associated with the risk for low hippocampal volume and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subsequently, we identified AD-associated abnormal patterns of neuronal and vascular MsrB3 expression in postmortem hippocampi. The present study investigated the relationship between the MSRB3 SNP rs61921502, G (minor/risk allele) and MRI measures of brain injury including total brain volume, hippocampal volume, and white matter hyperintensities using linear regression models; the presence of brain infarcts using logistic regression models; and the incidence of stroke, dementia, and AD using Cox proportional hazards models in 2,038 Framingham Heart Study Offspring participants with MRI administered close to examination cycle 7 (1998-2001). Participants with neurological conditions that impede evaluation of vascular pathology by MRI, i.e., brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and major head trauma, were excluded from the study. When adjusted for age and age squared at MRI exam, sex, and presence of Apolipoproteinɛ4 allele (APOE4), individuals with MSRB3 rs61921502 minor allele had increased odds for brain infarcts on MRI compared to those with no minor allele. However, in stratified analyses, MSRB3 rs61921502 minor allele was significantly associated with increased odds for MRI brain infarcts only in the absence of APOE4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Conner
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Benayoun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Adams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jan K Blusztajn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivana Delalle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Lai L, Sun J, Tarafdar S, Liu C, Murphy E, Kim G, Levine RL. Loss of methionine sulfoxide reductases increases resistance to oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:374-384. [PMID: 31606431 PMCID: PMC6891793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of methionine residues to methionine sulfoxide scavenges reactive species, thus protecting against oxidative stress. Reduction of the sulfoxide back to methionine by methionine sulfoxide reductases creates a cycle with catalytic efficiency. Protection by the methionine sulfoxide reductases is well documented in cultured cells, from microorganisms to mammals. However, knocking out one or two of the 4 mammalian reductases had little effect in mice that were not stressed. We hypothesized that the minimal effect is due to redundancy provided by the 4 reductases. We tested the hypothesis by creating a transgenic mouse line lacking all 4 reductases and predicted that this mouse would be exceptionally sensitive to oxidative stress. The mutant mice were phenotypically normal at birth, exhibited normal post-natal growth, and were fertile. Surprisingly, rather than being more sensitive to oxidative stress, they were more resistant to both cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and to parenteral paraquat, a redox-cycling agent. Resistance was not a result of hormetic induction of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 nor activation of Akt. The mechanism of protection may be novel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lo Lai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Junhui Sun
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Sreya Tarafdar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Geumsoo Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
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9
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Leonardi A, Evke S, Lee M, Melendez JA, Begley TJ. Epitranscriptomic systems regulate the translation of reactive oxygen species detoxifying and disease linked selenoproteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:573-593. [PMID: 31476365 PMCID: PMC7650020 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we highlight the role of epitranscriptomic systems in post-transcriptional regulation, with a specific focus on RNA modifying writers required for the incorporation of the 21st amino acid selenocysteine during translation, and the pathologies linked to epitranscriptomic and selenoprotein defects. Epitranscriptomic marks in the form of enzyme-catalyzed modifications to RNA have been shown to be important signals regulating translation, with defects linked to altered development, intellectual impairment, and cancer. Modifications to rRNA, mRNA and tRNA can affect their structure and function, while the levels of these dynamic tRNA-specific epitranscriptomic marks are stress-regulated to control translation. The tRNA for selenocysteine contains five distinct epitranscriptomic marks and the ALKBH8 writer for the wobble uridine (U) has been shown to be vital for the translation of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TRXR) family of selenoproteins. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying selenocysteine containing proteins are a prime examples of how specialized translation can be regulated by specific tRNA modifications working in conjunction with distinct codon usage patterns, RNA binding proteins and specific 3' untranslated region (UTR) signals. We highlight the important role of selenoproteins in detoxifying ROS and provide details on how epitranscriptomic marks and selenoproteins can play key roles in and maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leonardi
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sara Evke
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - May Lee
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J Andres Melendez
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas J Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA; RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
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10
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Vanhove AS, Hang S, Vijayakumar V, Wong ACN, Asara JM, Watnick PI. Vibrio cholerae ensures function of host proteins required for virulence through consumption of luminal methionine sulfoxide. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006428. [PMID: 28586382 PMCID: PMC5473594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a diarrheal pathogen that induces accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes, leading to lethal infection of the model host Drosophila melanogaster. Through untargeted lipidomics, we provide evidence that this process is the product of a host phospholipid degradation cascade that induces lipid droplet coalescence in enterocytes. This infection-induced cascade is inhibited by mutation of the V. cholerae glycine cleavage system due to intestinal accumulation of methionine sulfoxide (MetO), and both dietary supplementation with MetO and enterocyte knock-down of host methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) yield increased resistance to infection. MsrA converts both free and protein-associated MetO to methionine. These findings support a model in which dietary MetO competitively inhibits repair of host proteins by MsrA. Bacterial virulence strategies depend on functional host proteins. We propose a novel virulence paradigm in which an intestinal pathogen ensures the repair of host proteins essential for pathogenesis through consumption of dietary MetO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S. Vanhove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Saiyu Hang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Vidhya Vijayakumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Adam CN Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - John M. Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston MA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Paula I. Watnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Achilli C, Ciana A, Minetti G. The discovery of methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes: An historical account and future perspectives. Biofactors 2015; 41:135-52. [PMID: 25963551 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
L-Methionine (L-Met) is the only sulphur-containing proteinogenic amino acid together with cysteine. Its importance is highlighted by it being the initiator amino acid for protein synthesis in all known living organisms. L-Met, free or inserted into proteins, is sensitive to oxidation of its sulfide moiety, with formation of L-Met sulfoxide. The sulfoxide could not be inserted into proteins, and the oxidation of L-Met in proteins often leads to the loss of biological activity of the affected molecule. Key discoveries revealed the existence, in rats, of a metabolic pathway for the reduction of free L-Met sulfoxide and, later, in Escherichia coli, of the enzymatic reduction of L-Met sulfoxide inserted in proteins. Upon oxidation, the sulphur atom becomes a new stereogenic center, and two stable diastereoisomers of L-Met sulfoxide exist. A fundamental discovery revealed the existence of two unrelated families of enzymes, MsrA and MsrB, whose members display opposite stereospecificity of reduction for the two sulfoxides. The importance of Msrs is additionally emphasized by the discovery that one of the only 25 selenoproteins expressed in humans is a Msr. The milestones on the road that led to the discovery and characterization of this group of antioxidant enzymes are recounted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Achilli
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annarita Ciana
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Minetti
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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12
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Drazic A, Winter J. The physiological role of reversible methionine oxidation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1367-82. [PMID: 24418392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing amino acids such as cysteine and methionine are particularly vulnerable to oxidation. Oxidation of cysteine and methionine in their free amino acid form renders them unavailable for metabolic processes while their oxidation in the protein-bound state is a common post-translational modification in all organisms and usually alters the function of the protein. In the majority of cases, oxidation causes inactivation of proteins. Yet, an increasing number of examples have been described where reversible cysteine oxidation is part of a sophisticated mechanism to control protein function based on the redox state of the protein. While for methionine the dogma is still that its oxidation inhibits protein function, reversible methionine oxidation is now being recognized as a powerful means of triggering protein activity. This mode of regulation involves oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide leading to activated protein function, and inactivation is accomplished by reduction of methionine sulfoxide back to methionine catalyzed by methionine sulfoxide reductases. Given the similarity to thiol-based redox-regulation of protein function, methionine oxidation is now established as a novel mode of redox-regulation of protein function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Thiol-Based Redox Processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Drazic
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPS(M)) at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jeannette Winter
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPS(M)) at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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13
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Kim HY. The methionine sulfoxide reduction system: selenium utilization and methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes and their functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19. [PMID: 23198996 PMCID: PMC3763222 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Selenium is utilized in the methionine sulfoxide reduction system that occurs in most organisms. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs), MsrA and MsrB, are the enzymes responsible for this system. Msrs repair oxidatively damaged proteins, protect against oxidative stress, and regulate protein function, and have also been implicated in the aging process. Selenoprotein forms of Msrs containing selenocysteine (Sec) at the catalytic site are found in bacteria, algae, and animals. RECENT ADVANCES A selenoprotein MsrB1 knockout mouse has been developed. Significant progress in the biochemistry of Msrs has been made, which includes findings of a novel reducing system for Msrs and of an interesting reason for the use of Sec in the Msr system. The effects of mammalian MsrBs, including selenoprotein MsrB1 on fruit fly aging, have been investigated. Furthermore, it is evident that Msrs are involved in methionine metabolism and regulation of the trans-sulfuration pathway. CRITICAL ISSUES This article presents recent progress in the Msr field while focusing on the physiological roles of mammalian Msrs, functions of selenoprotein forms of Msrs, and their biochemistry. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A deeper understanding of the roles of Msrs in redox signaling, the aging process, and metabolism will be achieved. The identity of selenoproteome of Msrs will be sought along with characterization of the identified selenoprotein forms. Exploring new cellular targets and new functions of Msrs is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Meleshkevitch EA, Voronov DA, Miller MM, Penneda M, Fox JM, Metzler R, Boudko DY. A novel eukaryotic Na+ methionine selective symporter is essential for mosquito development. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:755-767. [PMID: 23748165 PMCID: PMC3746589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AeNAT5 (NCBI, ABZ81822), an orphan member of the insect-specific Nutrient Amino acid Transporter subfamily of SoLute Carrier family 6 (NAT-SLC6) and the first representative of a novel eukaryotic methionine-selective transport system (M), was cloned from cDNA of the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. It has orphan orthologs throughout several mosquito genomes, but not in Drosophila or outside Diptera. It shows the highest apparent affinity to L-Met (K(0.5) = 0.021 mM) and its metabolites Homocysteine and Cysteine (K(0.5) = 0.89 and 2.16 mM), but weakly interact with other substrates. It has a Na(+) - coupled mechanism (K(0.5) Na(+) ∼ 46 mM) with 1AA:1Na(+) stoichiometry that maintains ∼60% activity in Cl(-) - free media. In situ hybridization showed accumof AeNAT5 transcript in the absorptive and secretory epithelia, as well as in specific peripheral neurons and the central ganglia of mosquito larvae. The labeling pattern is distinct from that of the previously characterized AeNAT1. RNAi of AeNAT5 increases larval mortality during ecdysis and dramatically suppresses adult emergence. Our results showed that in addition to previously characterized broad spectra and aromatic amino acid selective transport systems, the mosquito NAT-SLC6 subfamily evolved a unique mechanism for selective absorption of sulfur-containing substrates. We demonstrated specific patterns of alimentary and neuronal transcription of AeNAT5 in mosquito larvae that is collateral with the indispensable function of this transporter in mosquito development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella A. Meleshkevitch
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics of the Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL32080, USA
| | - Dmitri A. Voronov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, 127994, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL32080, USA
| | - Melissa M. Miller
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL32080, USA
| | - Maria Penneda
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL32080, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Fox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics of the Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Ryan Metzler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics of the Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Dmitri Y. Boudko
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics of the Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL32080, USA
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15
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Mullaney JA, Kelly WJ, McGhie TK, Ansell J, Heyes JA. Lactic acid bacteria convert glucosinolates to nitriles efficiently yet differently from enterobacteriaceae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3039-46. [PMID: 23461529 DOI: 10.1021/jf305442j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates from the genus Brassica can be converted into bioactive compounds known to induce phase II enzymes, which may decrease the risk of cancers. Conversion via hydrolysis is usually by the brassica enzyme myrosinase, which can be inactivated by cooking or storage. We examined the potential of three beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum KW30, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis KF147, and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, and known myrosinase-producer Enterobacter cloacae to catalyze the conversion of glucosinolates in broccoli extract. Enterobacteriaceae consumed on average 65% glucoiberin and 78% glucoraphanin, transforming them into glucoiberverin and glucoerucin, respectively, and small amounts of iberverin nitrile and erucin nitrile. The lactic acid bacteria did not accumulate reduced glucosinolates, consuming all at 30-33% and transforming these into iberverin nitrile, erucin nitrile, sulforaphane nitrile, and further unidentified metabolites. Adding beneficial bacteria to a glucosinolate-rich diet may increase glucosinolate transformation, thereby increasing host exposure to bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Mullaney
- Riddet Institute, Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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