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Mading A, Chotritthirong Y, Chulikhit Y, Daodee S, Boonyarat C, Khamphukdee C, Sukketsiri W, Kwankhao P, Pitiporn S, Monthakantirat O. Effectiveness of Tri-Kaysorn-Mas Extract in Ameliorating Cognitive-like Behavior Deficits in Ovariectomized Mice via Activation of Multiple Mechanisms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1182. [PMID: 39338344 PMCID: PMC11435318 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women have a higher probability of experiencing cognitive alterations compared to men, suggesting that the decline in female hormones may contribute to cognitive deterioration. Thailand traditionally uses Tri-Kaysorn-Mas (TKM), a blend of three medicinal herbs, as a tonic to stimulate appetite and relieve dyspepsia. Due to its antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities, we investigated the effects of TKM (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o., for 8 weeks) on cognitive deficits and their underlying causes in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model of menopause. OVX mice showed cognitive impairment in the Y-maze, novel object recognition task (NORT), and Morris water maze (MWM) behavioral tests, along with atrophic changes to the uterus, altered levels of serum 17β-estradiol, and down-regulated expression of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). These behavioral effects were reversed by TKM. TKM decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and mitigated oxidative stress in the brain by enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and by up-regulating the antioxidant-related gene Nrf2 while down-regulating Keap1. TKM also counteracted OVX-induced neurodegeneration by enhancing the expression of the neurogenesis-related genes BDNF and CREB. The results indicate that TKM extract alleviates oxidative brain damage and neurodegeneration while enhancing cognitive behavior in OVX mice, significantly improving cognitive deficiencies related to menopause/ovariectomy through multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwaris Mading
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.M.); (Y.C.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Yutthana Chotritthirong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.M.); (Y.C.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Supawadee Daodee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Charinya Khamphukdee
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Wanida Sukketsiri
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Pakakrong Kwankhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Prachinburi 25000, Thailand; (P.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Supaporn Pitiporn
- Department of Pharmacy, Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Prachinburi 25000, Thailand; (P.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Orawan Monthakantirat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
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Williamson G, Clifford MN. A critical examination of human data for the biological activity of quercetin and its phase-2 conjugates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-37. [PMID: 38189312 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This critical review examines evidence for beneficial effects of quercetin phase-2 conjugates from clinical intervention studies, volunteer feeding trials, and in vitro work. Plasma concentrations of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3G) and 3'-methylquercetin-3-O-glucuronide (3'MQ3G) after supplementation may produce beneficial effects in macrophages and endothelial cells, respectively, especially if endogenous deglucuronidation occurs, and lower blood uric acid concentration via quercetin-3'-O-sulfate (Q3'S). Unsupplemented diets produce much lower concentrations (<50 nmol/l) rarely investigated in vitro. At 10 nmol/l, Q3'S and Q3G stimulate or suppress, respectively, angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Statistically significant effects have been reported at 100 nmol/l in breast cancer cells (Q3G), primary neuron cultures (Q3G), lymphocytes (Q3G and3'MQ3G) and HUVECs (QG/QS mixture), but it is unclear whether these translate to a health benefit in vivo. More sensitive and more precise methods to measure clinically significant endpoints are required before a conclusion can be drawn regarding effects at normal dietary concentrations. Future requirements include better understanding of inter-individual and temporal variation in plasma quercetin phase-2 conjugates, their mechanisms of action including deglucuronidation and desulfation both in vitro and in vivo, tissue accumulation and washout, as well as potential for synergy or antagonism with other quercetin metabolites and metabolites of other dietary phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael N Clifford
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
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Abstract
Background Obesity in asthmatics has been associated with higher airway oxidative stress in which dysfunctional mitochondria are a potential contributing source of excess free radicals. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) plays an important role in reducing mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress and could, therefore, have therapeutic potential in these patients. Objectives We used primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from asthmatics and healthy controls to evaluate: a) protein levels of Paraoxonase 2 and b) to test the potential protective effect of quercetin supplementation in cells under oxidative stress conditions. Results Compared to lean controls, obese asthmatics had significantly lower PON2 airway epithelial levels (respectively, 1.08 vs. 0.47 relative units normalized by GAPDH) (p-value < 0.006). Treating HBECs in vitro for 24 hrs. with 25μM quercetin significantly increased PON2 protein levels: 15.5 treated cells vs. 9.8 untreated cells (relative units normalized by GAPDH) (p value = 0.004). Notably, compared to untreated cells, quercetin supplementation reduces mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production on HBECs cells exposed to different oxidative stress triggers such as 1–2 Naphthoquinone (1–2 NQ) and hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that PON2 might play a protective role ameliorating oxidative injury on human airway epithelium. Conclusion Compared to lean controls, obese asthmatics have significantly reduced PON2 levels in airway epithelial cells. Treatment with quercetin in vitro increased PON2 protein levels and prevented oxidative stress from different types of stimuli. Hence, quercetin supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent obesity-mediated airway oxidative stress in obese asthmatics.
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Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular enzyme that is known to have a protective role from oxidative stress. Clinical studies have also demonstrated the significance of PON2 in the manifestation of cardiovascular and several other diseases, and hence, it is considered an important biomarker. Recent findings of its expression in brain tissue suggest its potential protective effect on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Polymorphisms of PON2 in humans are a risk factor in many pathological conditions, suggesting a possible mechanism of its anti-oxidative property probably through lactonase activity. However, exogenous factors may also modulate the expression and activity of PON2. Hence, this review aims to report the mechanism by which PON2 expression is regulated and its role in oxidative stress disorders such as neurodegeneration and tumor formation. The role of PON2 owing to its lactonase activity in bacterial infectious diseases and association of PON2 polymorphism with pathological conditions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Parween
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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Zargar S, Wani TA. Protective Role of Quercetin in Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Toxicity in Rat Brain: Biochemical, Spectrophotometric Assays and Computational Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247526. [PMID: 34946608 PMCID: PMC8709345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induces oxidative stress by free radical toxicities, inflammation, and neurotoxicity. Quercetin (Q), on the other hand, has a role as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and free radical-scavenging. This study explored protection given by quercetin against CCL4 induced neurotoxicity in rats at given concentrations. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups Group C: control group; Group CCL4: given a single oral dose of 1 mL/kg bw CCL4; Group Q: given a single i.p injection of 100 mg/kg bw quercetin; and Group Q + CCL4: given a single i.p injection of 100 mg/kg bw quercetin before two hours of a single oral dose of 1 mL/kg bw CCL4. The results from brain-to-body weight ratio, morphology, lipid peroxidation, brain urea, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, sodium, and enzyme alterations (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), catalase, and superoxide dismutase) suggested alterations by CCL4 and a significant reversal of these parameters by quercetin. In silico analysis of quercetin with various proteins was conducted to understand the molecular mechanism of its protection. The results identified by BzScore4 D showed moderate binding between quercetin and the following receptors: glucocorticoids, estrogen beta, and androgens and weak binding between quercetin and the following proteins: estrogen alpha, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ), Herg k+ channel, Liver x, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, Thyroid α, and Thyroid β. Three-dimensional/four-dimensional visualization of binding modes of quercetin with glucocorticoids, estrogen beta, and androgen receptors was performed. Based on the results, a possible mechanism is hypothesized for quercetin protection against CCL4 toxicity in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Espín JC, González-Sarrías A. Dietary Phenolics against Breast Cancer. A Critical Evidence-Based Review and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165718. [PMID: 32784973 PMCID: PMC7461055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death in adult women worldwide. Over 85% of BC cases are non-hereditary, caused by modifiable extrinsic factors related to lifestyle, including dietary habits, which play a crucial role in cancer prevention. Although many epidemiological and observational studies have inversely correlated the fruit and vegetable consumption with the BC incidence, the involvement of their phenolic content in this correlation remains contradictory. During decades, wrong approaches that did not consider the bioavailability, metabolism, and breast tissue distribution of dietary phenolics persist behind the large currently existing gap between preclinical and clinical research. In the present review, we provide comprehensive preclinical and clinical evidence according to physiologically relevant in vitro and in vivo studies. Some dietary phenolics such as resveratrol (RSV), quercetin, isoflavones, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), lignans, and curcumin are gaining attention for their chemopreventive properties in preclinical research. However, the clinical evidence of dietary phenolics as BC chemopreventive compounds is still inconclusive. Therefore, the only way to validate promising preclinical results is to conduct clinical trials in BC patients. In this regard, future perspectives on dietary phenolics and BC research are also critically discussed.
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Colunga Biancatelli RML, Berrill M, Catravas JD, Marik PE. Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19). Front Immunol 2020; 11:1451. [PMID: 32636851 PMCID: PMC7318306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents an emergent global threat which is straining worldwide healthcare capacity. As of May 27th, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 340,000 deaths worldwide, with 100,000 deaths in the US alone. It is imperative to study and develop pharmacological treatments suitable for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Ascorbic acid is a crucial vitamin necessary for the correct functioning of the immune system. It plays a role in stress response and has shown promising results when administered to the critically ill. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid whose antiviral properties have been investigated in numerous studies. There is evidence that vitamin C and quercetin co-administration exerts a synergistic antiviral action due to overlapping antiviral and immunomodulatory properties and the capacity of ascorbate to recycle quercetin, increasing its efficacy. Safe, cheap interventions which have a sound biological rationale should be prioritized for experimental use in the current context of a global health pandemic. We present the current evidence for the use of vitamin C and quercetin both for prophylaxis in high-risk populations and for the treatment of COVID-19 patients as an adjunct to promising pharmacological agents such as Remdesivir or convalescent plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Policlinico Umberto I, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Max Berrill
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Peter's Hospital, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Catravas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
- School of Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Paul E. Marik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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Estrogenic biological activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of green tea constituents. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chen L, Gnanaraj C, Arulselvan P, El-Seedi H, Teng H. A review on advanced microencapsulation technology to enhance bioavailability of phenolic compounds: Based on its activity in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kerimi A, Williamson G. Differential Impact of Flavonoids on Redox Modulation, Bioenergetics, and Cell Signaling in Normal and Tumor Cells: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1633-1659. [PMID: 28826224 PMCID: PMC6207159 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Flavonoids can interact with multiple molecular targets to elicit their cellular effects, leading to changes in signal transduction, gene expression, and/or metabolism, which can, subsequently, affect the entire cell and organism. Immortalized cell lines, derived from tumors, are routinely employed as a surrogate for mechanistic studies, with the results extrapolated to tissues in vivo. Recent Advances: We review the activities of selected flavonoids on cultured tumor cells derived from various tissues in comparison to corresponding primary cells or tissues in vivo, mainly using quercetin and flavanols (epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate) as exemplars. Several studies have indicated that flavonoids could retard cancer progression in vivo in animal models as well as in tumor cell models. CRITICAL ISSUES Extrapolation from in vitro and animal models to humans is not straightforward given both the extensive conjugation and complex microbiota-dependent metabolism of flavonoids after consumption, as well as the heterogeneous metabolism of different tumors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Comparison of data from studies on primary cells or in vivo are essential not only to validate results obtained from cultured cell models, but also to highlight whether any differences may be further exploited in the clinical setting for chemoprevention. Tumor cell models can provide a useful mechanistic tool to study the effects of flavonoids, provided that the limitations of each model are understood and taken into account in interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
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Quercetin Stimulates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation through an Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4178021. [PMID: 29736392 PMCID: PMC5875037 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4178021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the overall effect of quercetin on mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Materials and Methods BMSCs were treated with different concentrations of quercetin for 6 days. The effects of quercetin on cell proliferation were assessed at predetermined times using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The cells were then treated with quercetin, estrogen, or an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (which was also administered in the presence of quercetin or estrogen) for 7 or 21 days. The effects of quercetin on BMSC osteogenic differentiation were analyzed by an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay kit, Alizarin Red S staining (ARS), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and western blotting. Results The CCK-8 and ALP assays and ARS staining showed that quercetin significantly enhanced BMSC proliferation, ALP activity, and extracellular matrix production and mineralization, respectively. The qPCR results indicated that quercetin promoted osterix (OSX), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteopontin (OPN) transcription in the presence of osteoinduction medium, and the western blotting results indicated that quercetin enhanced bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), Smad1, Smad4, RUNX2, OSX, and OPN expression and Smad1 phosphorylation. Treatment with the ER inhibitor ICI182780 blocked the effects of quercetin. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that quercetin promotes BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Quercetin enhances BMP signaling pathway activation and upregulates the expression of downstream genes, such as OSX, RUNX2, and OPN, via the ER.
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Andres S, Pevny S, Ziegenhagen R, Bakhiya N, Schäfer B, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Lampen A. Safety Aspects of the Use of Quercetin as a Dietary Supplement. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29127724 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid quercetin is frequently found in low amounts as a secondary plant metabolite in fruits and vegetables. Isolated quercetin is also marketed as a dietary supplement, mostly as the free quercetin aglycone, and frequently in daily doses of up to 1000 mg d-1 exceeding usual dietary intake levels. The present review is dedicated to safety aspects of isolated quercetin used as single compound in dietary supplements. Among the numerous published human intervention studies, adverse effects following supplemental quercetin intake have been rarely reported and any such effects were mild in nature. Published adequate scientific data for safety assessment in regard to the long-term use (>12 weeks) of high supplemental quercetin doses (≥1000 mg) are currently not available. Based on animal studies involving oral quercetin application some possible critical safety aspects could be identified such as the potential of quercetin to enhance nephrotoxic effects in the predamaged kidney or to promote tumor development especially in estrogen-dependent cancer. Furthermore, animal and human studies with single time or short-term supplemental quercetin application revealed interactions between quercetin and certain drugs leading to altered drug bioavailability. Based on these results, some potential risk groups are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Andres
- Department of Food Safety, Former employee of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Pevny
- Department of Food Safety, Former employee of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Ziegenhagen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadiya Bakhiya
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Kapinova A, Stefanicka P, Kubatka P, Zubor P, Uramova S, Kello M, Mojzis J, Blahutova D, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Caprnda M, Danko J, Lasabova Z, Busselberg D, Kruzliak P. Are plant-based functional foods better choice against cancer than single phytochemicals? A critical review of current breast cancer research. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1465-1477. [PMID: 29198744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Over 90% of all breast cancer cases are of different 'sporadic' cell types, thus placing emphasis on the need for breast cancer prevention and new effective treatment strategies. In recent years, pre-clinical research provides growing evidence regarding the beneficial action of bioactive plant-derived substances - phytochemicals, on multiple cancer-related biological pathways. The important natural source of various phytochemicals with anti-oncogenic properties are plant-based functional foods. It is hypothesized that a significant anti-tumour activity of plant-based functional foods are the result of a combination of various phytochemicals rather than an isolated agent. The mixture of phytochemicals with various biological activities present in whole foods could have additive or synergistic effects against carcinogenesis. Clinically, it is very important to compare the effect of the isolated phytochemicals against the mixture of phytochemicals present in specific plant-based functional foods. Therefore, the purpose of this review article is to compare anticancer activities of isolated phytochemicals and plant-based functional foods for the prevention and therapy of breast carcinoma. Our conclusion supports the hypothesis that a mixture of wide range of phytochemicals with a plethora of biological activities present in whole plant-derived foods could have additive or synergistic effects against breast cancer. Although, the lack of parallel comparative studies between whole natural foods versus isolated plant compounds limits our conclusion, future pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating this issue is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kapinova
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Stefanicka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University, Slovakia
| | - Sona Uramova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dana Blahutova
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ruzomberok, Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- The Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- The Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University, Slovakia
| | - Zora Lasabova
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Busselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Lu M, Ho CT, Huang Q. Improving quercetin dissolution and bioaccessibility with reduced crystallite sizes through media milling technique. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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16
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Guo Z, Jia X, Zheng Z, Lu X, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Xiao J. Chemical composition and nutritional function of olive (Olea europaea L.): a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Redan BW, Buhman KK, Novotny JA, Ferruzzi MG. Altered Transport and Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds in Obesity and Diabetes: Implications for Functional Food Development and Assessment. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:1090-1104. [PMID: 28140326 PMCID: PMC5105043 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the application of phenolic compounds from the diet or supplements for the prevention of chronic diseases has grown substantially, but the efficacy of such approaches in humans is largely dependent on the bioavailability and metabolism of these compounds. Although food and dietary factors have been the focus of intense investigation, the impact of disease states such as obesity or diabetes on their absorption, metabolism, and eventual efficacy is important to consider. These factors must be understood in order to develop effective strategies that leverage bioactive phenolic compounds for the prevention of chronic disease. The goal of this review is to discuss the inducible metabolic systems that may be influenced by disease states and how these effects impact the bioavailability and metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds. Because current studies generally report that obesity and/or diabetes alter the absorption and excretion of these compounds, this review includes a description of the absorption, conjugation, and excretion pathways for phenolic compounds and how they are potentially altered in disease states. A possible mechanism that will be discussed related to the modulation of phenolic bioavailability and metabolism may be linked to increased inflammatory status from increased amounts of adipose tissue or elevated plasma glucose concentrations. Although more studies are needed, the translation of benefits derived from dietary phenolic compounds to individuals with obesity or diabetes may require the consideration of dosing strategies or be accompanied by adjunct therapies to improve the bioavailability of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Redan
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Department of Nutrition Science, and
| | - Kimberly K Buhman
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Department of Nutrition Science, and
| | - Janet A Novotny
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Department of Nutrition Science, and .,Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; and
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Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Quercetin: Counteracting Oxidative Stress and More. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2986796. [PMID: 26904161 PMCID: PMC4745323 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2986796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest has recently focused on determining whether several natural compounds, collectively referred to as nutraceuticals, may exert neuroprotective actions in the developing, adult, and aging nervous system. Quercetin, a polyphenol widely present in nature, has received the most attention in this regard. Several studies in vitro, in experimental animals and in humans, have provided supportive evidence for neuroprotective effects of quercetin, either against neurotoxic chemicals or in various models of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The exact mechanisms of such protective effects remain elusive, though many hypotheses have been formulated. In addition to a possible direct antioxidant effect, quercetin may also act by stimulating cellular defenses against oxidative stress. Two such pathways include the induction of Nrf2-ARE and induction of the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory enzyme paraoxonase 2 (PON2). In addition, quercetin has been shown to activate sirtuins (SIRT1), to induce autophagy, and to act as a phytoestrogen, all mechanisms by which quercetin may provide its neuroprotection.
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Venier NA, Yamamoto T, Sugar LM, Adomat H, Fleshner NE, Klotz LH, Venkateswaran V. Capsaicin reduces the metastatic burden in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model. Prostate 2015; 75:1300-11. [PMID: 26047020 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsaicin, the active compound in chili peppers, has demonstrated anti- carcinogenic properties in vitro in a number of malignancies, including the prostate. In the present study, we investigate the chemopreventive potential of capsaicin on prostate cancer using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. The TRAMP is a murine model that resembles the progression of human disease. METHODS Thirty-five 6-week-old TRAMP x C57BL/6 mice were randomized between treatment with capsaicin (5 mg/kg body weight) or control (saline) three times a week by oral gavage until 30 weeks of age. Body weight of animals was recorded thrice weekly. At termination, all tumors were extracted, recorded, and analyzed for histopathological analysis. To understand the effect of capsaicin on migration and invasion, in vitro experiments were carried out using PC3 cells. RESULTS Mice in the control group expressed an overall trend of higher-grade disease with 37.5% poorly differentiated (PD), 18.75% moderately differentiated (MD), and 44% of well-differentiated (WD) adenocarcinoma, compared to the capsaicin-treated group with only 27.7% PD, 61.0% of WD, and 11.1% of intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). The treatment group demonstrated a higher incidence of noncancerous PIN lesions compared to the control group. The capsaicin group also demonstrated a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the metastatic burden compared to the controls, which correlated to a reduction in p27(Kip) (1) expression and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate tumors. Furthermore, there were no differences in body weight between groups overtime, and no pathological toxicities in the liver and gastrointestinal tract with capsaicin consumption. In vitro studies revealed a dose-dependent reduction in the invasion and migration capacity of PC3 cells. CONCLUSION The following study provides evidence supporting the safety and chemopreventive effects of capsaicin in the TRAMP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Venier
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Linda M Sugar
- Department of Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Hans Adomat
- Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Vancouver Prostate Group, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Laurence H Klotz
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario
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Strugała P, Gładkowski W, Kucharska AZ, Sokół-Łętowska A, Gabrielska J. Antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect of fruit extracts from blackcurrant, chokeberry, hawthorn, and rosehip, and their mixture with linseed oil on a model lipid membrane. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Strugała
- Department of Physics and Biophysics; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Witold Gładkowski
- Department of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Cereal Technology; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Anna Sokół-Łętowska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Cereal Technology; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Janina Gabrielska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
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21
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Giordano E, Dangles O, Rakotomanomana N, Baracchini S, Visioli F. 3-O-Hydroxytyrosol glucuronide and 4-O-hydroxytyrosol glucuronide reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro. Food Funct 2015; 6:3275-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00562k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is important for atherosclerosis development and is mediated by the unfolded protein response (UPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giordano
- Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) – Food
- UAM+CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia Baracchini
- Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) – Food
- UAM+CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) – Food
- UAM+CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
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Scientific Opinion on the risks for human and animal health related to the presence of modified forms of certain mycotoxins in food and feed. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Terao
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Graduate school of Nutritional Science, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Helmut Sies
- Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Institut fuer Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Postfach 101007, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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