1
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Lin L, Dong J, Xu S, Xiao J, Yu C, Niu F, Wei Z. Autoinhibition and relief mechanisms for MICAL monooxygenases in F-actin disassembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6824. [PMID: 39122694 PMCID: PMC11315924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MICAL proteins represent a unique family of actin regulators crucial for synapse development, membrane trafficking, and cytokinesis. Unlike classical actin regulators, MICALs catalyze the oxidation of specific residues within actin filaments to induce robust filament disassembly. The potent activity of MICALs requires tight control to prevent extensive damage to actin cytoskeleton. However, the molecular mechanism governing MICALs' activity regulation remains elusive. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of MICAL1 in the autoinhibited state, unveiling a head-to-tail interaction that allosterically blocks enzymatic activity. The structure also reveals the assembly of C-terminal domains via a tripartite interdomain interaction, stabilizing the inhibitory conformation of the RBD. Our structural, biochemical, and cellular analyses elucidate a multi-step mechanism to relieve MICAL1 autoinhibition in response to the dual-binding of two Rab effectors, revealing its intricate activity regulation mechanisms. Furthermore, our mutagenesis study of MICAL3 suggests the conserved autoinhibition and relief mechanisms among MICALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leishu Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayuan Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinman Xiao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengfeng Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Ye F, Xia T, Zhao M, Zhao W, Min P, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Du J. PlexinA1 promotes gastric cancer migration through preventing MICAL1 protein ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation in a Rac1-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167124. [PMID: 38508474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis promotes the development of tumors and is a significant cause of gastric cancer death. For metastasis to proceed, tumor cells must become mobile by modulating their cytoskeleton. MICAL1 (Molecule Interacting with CasL1) is known as an actin cytoskeleton regulator, but the mechanisms by which it drives gastric cancer cell migration are still unclear. Analysis of gastric cancer tissues revealed that MICAL1 expression is dramatically upregulated in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) samples as compared to noncancerous stomach tissues. Patients with high MICAL1 expression had shorter overall survival (OS), post-progression survival (PPS) and first-progression survival (FPS) compared with patients with low MICAL1 expression. RNAi-mediated silencing of MICAL1 inhibited the expression of Vimentin, a protein involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This effect correlates with a significant reduction in gastric cancer cell migration. MICAL1 overexpression reversed these preventive effects. Immunoprecipitation experiments and immunofluorescence assays revealed that PlexinA1 forms a complex with MICAL1. Importantly, specific inhibition of PlexinA1 blocked the Rac1 activation and ROS production, which, in turn, impaired MICAL1 protein stability by accelerating MICAL1 ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation. Overexpression of PlexinA1 enhanced Rac1 activation, ROS production, MICAL1 and Vimentin expressions, and favored cell migration. In conclusion, this study identified MICAL1 as an important facilitator of gastric cancer cell migration, at least in part, by affecting Vimentin expression and PlexinA1 promotes gastric cancer cell migration by binding to and suppressing MICAL1 degradation in a Rac1/ROS-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Ye
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Tianxiang Xia
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - MingYu Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Weizhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Pengxiang Min
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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3
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Garrido-Bazán V, Guzmán-Ocampo DC, Domínguez L, Aguirre J. Filamentous actin destabilization by H 2O 2 favors DnmA aggregation, with crucial roles of cysteines 450 and 776 in mitochondrial and peroxisomal division in Aspergillus nidulans. mBio 2023; 14:e0282223. [PMID: 38014993 PMCID: PMC10746283 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02822-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mitochondria constitute major sources of H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species in eukaryotic cells. The division of these organelles is crucial for multiple processes in cell biology and relies on highly regulated mechano-GTPases that are oligomerization dependent and belong to the dynamin-related protein family, like A. nidulans DnmA. Our previous work demonstrated that H2O2 induces mitochondrial constriction, division, and remodeling of the outer membrane. Here, we show that H2O2 also induces a DnmA aggregation consistent with higher-order oligomerization and its recruitment to mitochondria. The study of this response uncovered that H2O2 induces the depolymerization and reorganization of actin as well as the critical role that cysteines 450 and 776 play in DnmA function. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species cell signaling and how they can regulate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and the division of mitochondria and peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Garrido-Bazán
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dulce C. Guzmán-Ocampo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Domínguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Aguirre
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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4
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Rajan S, Terman JR, Reisler E. MICAL-mediated oxidation of actin and its effects on cytoskeletal and cellular dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1124202. [PMID: 36875759 PMCID: PMC9982024 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin and its dynamic structural remodelings are involved in multiple cellular functions, including maintaining cell shape and integrity, cytokinesis, motility, navigation, and muscle contraction. Many actin-binding proteins regulate the cytoskeleton to facilitate these functions. Recently, actin's post-translational modifications (PTMs) and their importance to actin functions have gained increasing recognition. The MICAL family of proteins has emerged as important actin regulatory oxidation-reduction (Redox) enzymes, influencing actin's properties both in vitro and in vivo. MICALs specifically bind to actin filaments and selectively oxidize actin's methionine residues 44 and 47, which perturbs filaments' structure and leads to their disassembly. This review provides an overview of the MICALs and the impact of MICAL-mediated oxidation on actin's properties, including its assembly and disassembly, effects on other actin-binding proteins, and on cells and tissue systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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5
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Nätkin R, Pennanen P, Syvälä H, Bläuer M, Kesseli J, Tammela TLJ, Nykter M, Murtola TJ. Adaptive and non-adaptive gene expression responses in prostate cancer during androgen deprivation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281645. [PMID: 36809527 PMCID: PMC9942993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is the cornerstone treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Eventually prostate cancer cells overcome androgen deprivation therapy, giving rise to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) characterized by increased androgen receptor (AR) activity. Understanding the cellular mechanisms leading to CRPC is needed for development of novel treatments. We used long-term cell cultures to model CRPC; a testosterone-dependent cell line (VCaP-T) and cell line adapted to grow in low testosterone (VCaP-CT). These were used to uncover persistent and adaptive responses to testosterone level. RNA was sequenced to study AR-regulated genes. Expression level changed due to testosterone depletion in 418 genes in VCaP-T (AR-associated genes). To evaluate significance for CRPC growth, we compared which of them were adaptive i.e., restored expression level in VCaP-CT. Adaptive genes were enriched to steroid metabolism, immune response and lipid metabolism. The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma data were used to assess the association with cancer aggressiveness and progression-free survival. Expressions of 47 AR-associated or association gaining genes were statistically significant markers for progression-free survival. These included genes related to immune response, adhesion and transport. Taken together, we identified and clinically validated multiple genes being linked with progression of prostate cancer and propose several novel risk genes. Possible use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Nätkin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail: (RN); (TJM)
| | - Pasi Pennanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heimo Syvälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Merja Bläuer
- Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Pancreas Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Kesseli
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo L. J. Tammela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu J. Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail: (RN); (TJM)
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6
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McGarry DJ, Castino G, Lilla S, Carnet A, Kelly L, Micovic K, Zanivan S, Olson MF. MICAL1 activation by PAK1 mediates actin filament disassembly. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111442. [PMID: 36198272 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The MICAL1 monooxygenase is an important regulator of filamentous actin (F-actin) structures. Although MICAL1 has been shown to be regulated via protein-protein interactions at the autoinhibitory carboxyl terminus, a link between actin-regulatory RHO GTPase signaling pathways and MICAL1 has not been established. We show that the CDC42 GTPase effector PAK1 associates with and phosphorylates MICAL1 on two serine residues, leading to accelerated F-actin disassembly. PAK1 binds to the amino-terminal catalytic monooxygenase and calponin homology domains, distinct from the autoinhibitory carboxyl terminus. Extracellular ligand stimulation leads to PAK-dependent phosphorylation, linking external signals to MICAL1 phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry indicates that MICAL1 co-expression with CDC42 and PAK1 increases MICAL1 association with hundreds of proteins, including the previously described MICAL1-interacting proteins RAB10 and RAB7A. These results provide insights into a redox-mediated pathway linking extracellular signals to cytoskeleton regulation via a RHO GTPase and indicate a means of communication between RHO and RAB GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McGarry
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Giovanni Castino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Alexandre Carnet
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Loughlin Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Katarina Micovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
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7
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Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220325. [PMID: 35919980 PMCID: PMC9346374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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8
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Rouyère C, Serrano T, Frémont S, Echard A. Oxidation and reduction of actin: Origin, impact in vitro and functional consequences in vivo. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151249. [PMID: 35716426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is among the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells and assembles into dynamic filamentous networks regulated by many actin binding proteins. The actin cytoskeleton must be finely tuned, both in space and time, to fulfill key cellular functions such as cell division, cell shape changes, phagocytosis and cell migration. While actin oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) at non-physiological levels are known for long to impact on actin polymerization and on the cellular actin cytoskeleton, growing evidence shows that direct and reversible oxidation/reduction of specific actin amino acids plays an important and physiological role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we describe which actin amino acid residues can be selectively oxidized and reduced in many different ways (e.g. disulfide bond formation, glutathionylation, carbonylation, nitration, nitrosylation and other oxidations), the cellular enzymes at the origin of these post-translational modifications, and the impact of actin redox modifications both in vitro and in vivo. We show that the regulated balance of oxidation and reduction of key actin amino acid residues contributes to the control of actin filament polymerization and disassembly at the subcellular scale and highlight how improper redox modifications of actin can lead to pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Rouyère
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Serrano
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Frémont
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France.
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9
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Haikazian S, Olson MF. MICAL1 Monooxygenase in Autosomal Dominant Lateral Temporal Epilepsy: Role in Cytoskeletal Regulation and Relation to Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:715. [PMID: 35627100 PMCID: PMC9141472 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) is a genetic focal epilepsy associated with mutations in the LGI1, RELN, and MICAL1 genes. A previous study linking ADLTE with two MICAL1 mutations that resulted in the substitution of a highly conserved glycine residue for serine (G150S) or a frameshift mutation that swapped the last three C-terminal amino acids for 59 extra residues (A1065fs) concluded that the mutations increased enzymatic activity and promoted cell contraction. The roles of the Molecule Interacting with CasL 1 (MICAL1) protein in tightly regulated semaphorin signaling pathways suggest that activating MICAL1 mutations could result in defects in axonal guidance during neuronal development. Further studies would help to illuminate the causal relationships of these point mutations with ADLTE. In this review, we discuss the proposed pathogenesis caused by mutations in these three genes, with a particular emphasis on the G150S point mutation discovered in MICAL1. We also consider whether these types of activating MICAL1 mutations could be linked to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael F. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
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10
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Bollati M, Diomede L, Giorgino T, Natale C, Fagnani E, Boniardi I, Barbiroli A, Alemani R, Beeg M, Gobbi M, Fakin A, Mastrangelo E, Milani M, Presciuttini G, Gabellieri E, Cioni P, de Rosa M. A novel hotspot of gelsolin instability triggers an alternative mechanism of amyloid aggregation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6355-6365. [PMID: 34938411 PMCID: PMC8649582 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin comprises six homologous domains, named G1 to G6. Single point substitutions in this protein are responsible for AGel amyloidosis, a hereditary disease causing progressive corneal lattice dystrophy, cutis laxa, and polyneuropathy. Although several different amyloidogenic variants of gelsolin have been identified, only the most common mutants present in the G2 domain have been thoroughly characterized, leading to clarification of the functional mechanism. The molecular events underlying the pathological aggregation of 3 recently identified mutations, namely A551P, E553K and M517R, all localized at the interface between G4 and G5, are here explored for the first time. Structural studies point to destabilization of the interface between G4 and G5 due to three structural determinants: β-strand breaking, steric hindrance and/or charge repulsion, all implying impairment of interdomain contacts. Such rearrangements decrease the temperature and pressure stability of gelsolin but do not alter its susceptibility to furin cleavage, the first event in the canonical aggregation pathway. These variants also have a greater tendency to aggregate in the unproteolysed forms and exhibit higher proteotoxicity in a C. elegans-based assay. Our data suggest that aggregation of G4G5 variants follows an alternative, likely proteolysis-independent, pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bollati
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Toni Giorgino
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Carmina Natale
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Fagnani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Boniardi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Alemani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Marten Beeg
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Edi Gabellieri
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cioni
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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11
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Lucken-Ardjomande Häsler S, Vallis Y, Pasche M, McMahon HT. GRAF2, WDR44, and MICAL1 mediate Rab8/10/11-dependent export of E-cadherin, MMP14, and CFTR ΔF508. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151714. [PMID: 32344433 PMCID: PMC7199855 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classical pathway of secretion, some transmembrane proteins reach the plasma membrane through alternative routes. Several proteins transit through endosomes and are exported in a Rab8-, Rab10-, and/or Rab11-dependent manner. GRAFs are membrane-binding proteins associated with tubules and vesicles. We found extensive colocalization of GRAF1b/2 with Rab8a/b and partial with Rab10. We identified MICAL1 and WDR44 as direct GRAF-binding partners. MICAL1 links GRAF1b/2 to Rab8a/b and Rab10, and WDR44 binds Rab11. Endogenous WDR44 labels a subset of tubular endosomes, which are closely aligned with the ER via binding to VAPA/B. With its BAR domain, GRAF2 can tubulate membranes, and in its absence WDR44 tubules are not observed. We show that GRAF2 and WDR44 are essential for the export of neosynthesized E-cadherin, MMP14, and CFTR ΔF508, three proteins whose exocytosis is sensitive to ER stress. Overexpression of dominant negative mutants of GRAF1/2, WDR44, and MICAL1 also interferes with it, facilitating future studies of Rab8/10/11-dependent exocytic pathways of central importance in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Vallis
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathias Pasche
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harvey T McMahon
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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12
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The structure of N184K amyloidogenic variant of gelsolin highlights the role of the H-bond network for protein stability and aggregation properties. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 49:11-19. [PMID: 31724080 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gelsolin protein are responsible for a rare conformational disease known as AGel amyloidosis. Four of these mutations are hosted by the second domain of the protein (G2): D187N/Y, G167R and N184K. The impact of the latter has been so far evaluated only by studies on the isolated G2. Here we report the characterization of full-length gelsolin carrying the N184K mutation and compare the findings with those obtained on the wild type and the other variants. The crystallographic structure of the N184K variant in the Ca2+-free conformation shows remarkable similarities with the wild type protein. Only minimal local rearrangements can be observed and the mutant is as efficient as the wild type in severing filamentous actin. However, the thermal stability of the pathological variant is compromised in the Ca2+-free conditions. These data suggest that the N to K substitution causes a local disruption of the H-bond network in the core of the G2 domain. Such a subtle rearrangement of the connections does not lead to significant conformational changes but severely affects the stability of the protein.
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13
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Esposito A, Ventura V, Petoukhov MV, Rai A, Svergun DI, Vanoni MA. Human MICAL1: Activation by the small GTPase Rab8 and small-angle X-ray scattering studies on the oligomerization state of MICAL1 and its complex with Rab8. Protein Sci 2018; 28:150-166. [PMID: 30242933 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human MICAL1 is a member of a recently discovered family of multidomain proteins that couple a FAD-containing monooxygenase-like domain to typical protein interaction domains. Growing evidence implicates the NADPH oxidase reaction catalyzed by the flavoprotein domain in generation of hydrogen peroxide as a second messenger in an increasing number of cell types and as a specific modulator of actin filaments stability. Several proteins of the Rab families of small GTPases are emerging as regulators of MICAL activity by binding to its C-terminal helical domain presumably shifting the equilibrium from the free - auto-inhibited - conformation to the active one. We here extend the characterization of the MICAL1-Rab8 interaction and show that indeed Rab8, in the active GTP-bound state, stabilizes the active MICAL1 conformation causing a specific four-fold increase of kcat of the NADPH oxidase reaction. Kinetic data and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements support the formation of a 1:1 complex between full-length MICAL1 and Rab8 with an apparent dissociation constant of approximately 8 μM. This finding supports the hypothesis that Rab8 is a physiological regulator of MICAL1 activity and shows how the protein region preceding the C-terminal Rab-binding domain may mask one of the Rab-binding sites detected with the isolated C-terminal fragment. SAXS-based modeling allowed us to propose the first model of the free full-length MICAL1, which is consistent with an auto-inhibited conformation in which the C-terminal region prevents catalysis by interfering with the conformational changes that are predicted to occur during the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Esposito
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventura
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maxim V Petoukhov
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 59, 119333, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31, 119071, Moscow, Russia.,N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina str. 4, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Hamburg Unit, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amrita Rai
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227, Dortmund
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Hamburg Unit, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria A Vanoni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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14
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Rich SK, Terman JR. Axon formation, extension, and navigation: only a neuroscience phenomenon? Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 53:174-182. [PMID: 30248549 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how neurons form, extend, and navigate their finger-like axonal and dendritic processes is crucial for developing therapeutics for the diseased and damaged brain. Although less well appreciated, many other types of cells also send out similar finger-like projections. Indeed, unlike neuronal specific phenomena such as synapse formation or synaptic transmission, an important issue for thought is that this critical long-standing question of how a cellular process like an axon or dendrite forms and extends is not primarily a neuroscience problem but a cell biological problem. In that case, the use of simple cellular processes - such as the bristle cell process of Drosophila - can aid in the fight to answer these critical questions. Specifically, determining how a model cellular process is generated can provide a framework for manipulations of all types of membranous process-containing cells, including different types of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Rich
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan R Terman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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15
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as regulators of several physiological processes. In this study, we discuss how redox signaling mechanisms operate to control different processes such as neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte differentiation, dendritic growth, and axonal growth. Recent Advances: Redox homeostasis regulates the physiology of neural stem cells (NSCs). Notably, the neuronal differentiation process of NSCs is determined by a change toward oxidative metabolism, increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, increased activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes, decreased levels of Nrf2, and differential regulation of different redoxins. Furthermore, during the neuronal maturation processes, NOX and MICAL produce ROS to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which control the dendritic and axonal growth, as well as the axonal guidance. CRITICAL ISSUES The redox homeostasis changes are, in part, attributed to cell metabolism and compartmentalized production of ROS, which is regulated, sensed, and transduced by different molecules such as thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins, and nucleoredoxin to control different signaling pathways in different subcellular regions. The study of how these elements cooperatively act is essential for the understanding of nervous system development, as well as the application of regenerative therapies that recapitulate these processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The information about these topics in the last two decades leads us to the conclusion that the role of ROS signaling in development of the nervous system is more important than it was previously believed and makes clear the importance of exploring in more detail the mechanisms of redox signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1603-1625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Olguín-Albuerne
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio Morán
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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16
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Pylypenko O, Hammich H, Yu IM, Houdusse A. Rab GTPases and their interacting protein partners: Structural insights into Rab functional diversity. Small GTPases 2018. [PMID: 28632484 DOI: 10.1080/215412481336191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab molecular switches are key players in defining membrane identity and regulating intracellular trafficking events in eukaryotic cells. In spite of their global structural similarity, Rab-family members acquired particular features that allow them to perform specific cellular functions. The overall fold and local sequence conservations enable them to utilize a common machinery for prenylation and recycling; while individual Rab structural differences determine interactions with specific partners such as GEFs, GAPs and effector proteins. These interactions orchestrate the spatiotemporal regulation of Rab localization and their turning ON and OFF, leading to tightly controlled Rab-specific functionalities such as membrane composition modifications, recruitment of molecular motors for intracellular trafficking, or recruitment of scaffold proteins that mediate interactions with downstream partners, as well as actin cytoskeleton regulation. In this review we summarize structural information on Rab GTPases and their complexes with protein partners in the context of partner binding specificity and functional outcomes of their interactions in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Pylypenko
- a Structural Motility, Institut Curie , PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144 , Paris , France
| | - Hussein Hammich
- a Structural Motility, Institut Curie , PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144 , Paris , France
- b Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, IFD , Paris , France
| | - I-Mei Yu
- a Structural Motility, Institut Curie , PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144 , Paris , France
| | - Anne Houdusse
- a Structural Motility, Institut Curie , PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144 , Paris , France
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17
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Juszczak GR, Stankiewicz AM. Glucocorticoids, genes and brain function. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:136-168. [PMID: 29180230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of key genes in transcriptomic data constitutes a huge challenge. Our review of microarray reports revealed 88 genes whose transcription is consistently regulated by glucocorticoids (GCs), such as cortisol, corticosterone and dexamethasone, in the brain. Replicable transcriptomic data were combined with biochemical and physiological data to create an integrated view of the effects induced by GCs. The most frequently reported genes were Errfi1 and Ddit4. Their up-regulation was associated with the altered transcription of genes regulating growth factor and mTORC1 signaling (Gab1, Tsc22d3, Dusp1, Ndrg2, Ppp5c and Sesn1) and progression of the cell cycle (Ccnd1, Cdkn1a and Cables1). The GC-induced reprogramming of cell function involves changes in the mRNA level of genes responsible for the regulation of transcription (Klf9, Bcl6, Klf15, Tle3, Cxxc5, Litaf, Tle4, Jun, Sox4, Sox2, Sox9, Irf1, Sall2, Nfkbia and Id1) and the selective degradation of mRNA (Tob2). Other genes are involved in the regulation of metabolism (Gpd1, Aldoc and Pdk4), actin cytoskeleton (Myh2, Nedd9, Mical2, Rhou, Arl4d, Osbpl3, Arhgef3, Sdc4, Rdx, Wipf3, Chst1 and Hepacam), autophagy (Eva1a and Plekhf1), vesicular transport (Rhob, Ehd3, Vps37b and Scamp2), gap junctions (Gjb6), immune response (Tiparp, Mertk, Lyve1 and Il6r), signaling mediated by thyroid hormones (Thra and Sult1a1), calcium (Calm2), adrenaline/noradrenaline (Adcy9 and Adra1d), neuropeptide Y (Npy1r) and histamine (Hdc). GCs also affected genes involved in the synthesis of polyamines (Azin1) and taurine (Cdo1). The actions of GCs are restrained by feedback mechanisms depending on the transcription of Sgk1, Fkbp5 and Nr3c1. A side effect induced by GCs is increased production of reactive oxygen species. Available data show that the brain's response to GCs is part of an emergency mode characterized by inactivation of non-core activities, restrained inflammation, restriction of investments (growth), improved efficiency of energy production and the removal of unnecessary or malfunctioning cellular components to conserve energy and maintain nutrient supply during the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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18
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Wu H, Yesilyurt HG, Yoon J, Terman JR. The MICALs are a Family of F-actin Dismantling Oxidoreductases Conserved from Drosophila to Humans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:937. [PMID: 29343822 PMCID: PMC5772675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular form and function – and thus normal development and physiology – are specified via proteins that control the organization and dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton. Using the Drosophila model, we have recently identified an unusual actin regulatory enzyme, Mical, which is directly activated by F-actin to selectively post-translationally oxidize and destabilize filaments – regulating numerous cellular behaviors. Mical proteins are also present in mammals, but their actin regulatory properties, including comparisons among different family members, remain poorly defined. We now find that each human MICAL family member, MICAL-1, MICAL-2, and MICAL-3, directly induces F-actin dismantling and controls F-actin-mediated cellular remodeling. Specifically, each human MICAL selectively associates with F-actin, which directly induces MICALs catalytic activity. We also find that each human MICAL uses an NADPH-dependent Redox activity to post-translationally oxidize actin’s methionine (M) M44/M47 residues, directly dismantling filaments and limiting new polymerization. Genetic experiments also demonstrate that each human MICAL drives F-actin disassembly in vivo, reshaping cells and their membranous extensions. Our results go on to reveal that MsrB/SelR reductase enzymes counteract each MICAL’s effect on F-actin in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results therefore define the MICALs as an important phylogenetically-conserved family of catalytically-acting F-actin disassembly factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wu
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Harold C Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hunkar Gizem Yesilyurt
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Harold C Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jimok Yoon
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Harold C Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Drug Development Center, SK biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Seongnam, 13494, Korea
| | - Jonathan R Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Harold C Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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19
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Cai Y, Lu J, Tang F. Overexpression of MICAL2, a novel tumor-promoting factor, accelerates tumor progression through regulating cell proliferation and EMT. J Cancer 2018; 9:521-527. [PMID: 29483957 PMCID: PMC5820919 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecule interacting with CasL 2 (MICAL2), a microtubule associated monooxygenase, is involved in cell growth, axon guidance, vesicle trafficking and apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that MICAL2 is highly expressed in tumor and accelerates tumor progression and it is deemed to be a novel tumor-promoting factor. MICAL2 overexpression increases cell proliferation to accelerate tumor growth, and MICAL2 also promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins to increase cancer cell metastasis. On mechanism, MICAL2 induces EMT by regulating SRF (serum response factor)/MRTF-A (myocardin related transcription factor A) signaling, Semaphorin/Plexin pathway and inducing ROS (Reactive oxygen species) production. In the present review, we introduced MICAL family, expatiated the structure and functions of MICALs, and summarized the mechanisms of MICAL2 involving tumor progression. The challenges and perspectives for MICAL2 in tumor are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Cai
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Lu
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Faqing Tang
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
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20
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Abstract
Protein function can be regulated via post-translational modifications by numerous enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms, including oxidation of cysteine and methionine residues. Redox-dependent regulatory mechanisms have been identified for nearly every cellular process, but the major paradigm has been that cellular components are oxidized (damaged) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a relatively unspecific way, and then reduced (repaired) by designated reductases. While this scheme may work with cysteine, it cannot be ascribed to other residues, such as methionine, whose reaction with ROS is too slow to be biologically relevant. However, methionine is clearly oxidized in vivo and enzymes for its stereoselective reduction are present in all three domains of life. Here, we revisit the chemistry and biology of methionine oxidation, with emphasis on its generation by enzymes from the monooxygenase family. Particular attention is placed on MICALs, a recently discovered family of proteins that harbor an unusual flavin-monooxygenase domain with an NADPH-dependent methionine sulfoxidase activity. Based on structural and kinetic information we provide a rational framework to explain MICAL mechanism, inhibition, and regulation. Methionine residues that are targeted by MICALs are reduced back by methionine sulfoxide reductases, suggesting that reversible methionine oxidation may be a general mechanism analogous to the regulation by phosphorylation by kinases/phosphatases. The identification of new enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of methionine will open a new area of research at the forefront of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Manta
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Pylypenko O, Hammich H, Yu IM, Houdusse A. Rab GTPases and their interacting protein partners: Structural insights into Rab functional diversity. Small GTPases 2017. [PMID: 28632484 PMCID: PMC5902227 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1336191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab molecular switches are key players in defining membrane identity and regulating intracellular trafficking events in eukaryotic cells. In spite of their global structural similarity, Rab-family members acquired particular features that allow them to perform specific cellular functions. The overall fold and local sequence conservations enable them to utilize a common machinery for prenylation and recycling; while individual Rab structural differences determine interactions with specific partners such as GEFs, GAPs and effector proteins. These interactions orchestrate the spatiotemporal regulation of Rab localization and their turning ON and OFF, leading to tightly controlled Rab-specific functionalities such as membrane composition modifications, recruitment of molecular motors for intracellular trafficking, or recruitment of scaffold proteins that mediate interactions with downstream partners, as well as actin cytoskeleton regulation. In this review we summarize structural information on Rab GTPases and their complexes with protein partners in the context of partner binding specificity and functional outcomes of their interactions in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Pylypenko
- a Structural Motility, Institut Curie , PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144 , Paris , France
| | - Hussein Hammich
- a Structural Motility, Institut Curie , PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144 , Paris , France.,b Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, IFD , Paris , France
| | - I-Mei Yu
- a Structural Motility, Institut Curie , PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144 , Paris , France
| | - Anne Houdusse
- a Structural Motility, Institut Curie , PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144 , Paris , France
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22
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Vanoni MA. Structure-function studies of MICAL, the unusual multidomain flavoenzyme involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 632:118-141. [PMID: 28602956 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MICAL (from the Molecule Interacting with CasL) indicates a family of multidomain proteins conserved from insects to humans, which are increasingly attracting attention for their participation in the control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and, therefore, in the several related key processes in health and disease. MICAL is unique among actin binding proteins because it catalyzes a NADPH-dependent F-actin depolymerizing reaction. This unprecedented reaction is associated with its N-terminal FAD-containing domain that is structurally related to p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, the prototype of aromatic monooxygenases, but catalyzes a strong NADPH oxidase activity in the free state. This review will focus on the known structural and functional properties of MICAL forms in order to provide an overview of the arguments supporting the current hypotheses on the possible mechanism of action of MICAL in the free and F-actin bound state, on the modulating effect of the CH, LIM, and C-terminal domains that follow the catalytic flavoprotein domain on the MICAL activities, as well as that of small molecules and proteins interacting with MICAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Vanoni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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23
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Frémont S, Romet-Lemonne G, Houdusse A, Echard A. Emerging roles of MICAL family proteins - from actin oxidation to membrane trafficking during cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1509-1517. [PMID: 28373242 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission is the terminal step of cell division, leading to the physical separation of the two daughter cells. The exact mechanism mediating the final scission of the intercellular bridge connecting the dividing cells is not fully understood, but requires the local constriction of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III-dependent helices, as well as remodelling of lipids and the cytoskeleton at the site of abscission. In particular, microtubules and actin filaments must be locally disassembled for successful abscission. However, the mechanism that actively removes actin during abscission is poorly understood. In this Commentary, we will focus on the latest findings regarding the emerging role of the MICAL family of oxidoreductases in F-actin disassembly and describe how Rab GTPases regulate their enzymatic activity. We will also discuss the recently reported role of MICAL1 in controlling F-actin clearance in the ESCRT-III-mediated step of cytokinetic abscission. In addition, we will highlight how two other members of the MICAL family (MICAL3 and MICAL-L1) contribute to cytokinesis by regulating membrane trafficking. Taken together, these findings establish the MICAL family as a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and membrane trafficking during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Frémont
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris CEDEX 15 75724, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Paris 75015, France
| | - Guillaume Romet-Lemonne
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75013, France
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris CEDEX 15 75724, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Paris 75015, France
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24
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Frémont S, Hammich H, Bai J, Wioland H, Klinkert K, Rocancourt M, Kikuti C, Stroebel D, Romet-Lemonne G, Pylypenko O, Houdusse A, Echard A. Oxidation of F-actin controls the terminal steps of cytokinesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14528. [PMID: 28230050 PMCID: PMC5331220 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission, the terminal step of cell division, crucially depends on the local constriction of ESCRT-III helices after cytoskeleton disassembly. While the microtubules of the intercellular bridge are cut by the ESCRT-associated enzyme Spastin, the mechanism that clears F-actin at the abscission site is unknown. Here we show that oxidation-mediated depolymerization of actin by the redox enzyme MICAL1 is key for ESCRT-III recruitment and successful abscission. MICAL1 is recruited to the abscission site by the Rab35 GTPase through a direct interaction with a flat three-helix domain found in MICAL1 C terminus. Mechanistically, in vitro assays on single actin filaments demonstrate that MICAL1 is activated by Rab35. Moreover, in our experimental conditions, MICAL1 does not act as a severing enzyme, as initially thought, but instead induces F-actin depolymerization from both ends. Our work reveals an unexpected role for oxidoreduction in triggering local actin depolymerization to control a fundamental step of cell division. Cytokinetic abscission relies on the local constriction after cytoskeleton disassembly, but it is not known how the actin filaments are disassembled. Here, the authors show that the redox enzyme MICAL1 is recruited by Rab35 and induces oxidation-mediated depolymerization of actin, which is required to recruit ESCRT-III and complete abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Frémont
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hussein Hammich
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jian Bai
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Sorbonne Universités, IFD, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Hugo Wioland
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Kerstin Klinkert
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Sorbonne Universités, IFD, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Murielle Rocancourt
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David Stroebel
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Romet-Lemonne
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olena Pylypenko
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France
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25
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Abstract
Rab proteins regulate vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells and establish connections to various cellular structures and processes by interacting with so-called effector molecules. Several of these effectors are known to not only bind a single Rab protein, but to be able to bind multiple different Rabs simultaneously. In this review we will give a short overview of effectors in general and (putative) functions of the aforementioned multivalent Rab:effector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Rai
- a Department of Structural Biochemistry , Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Roger S Goody
- a Department of Structural Biochemistry , Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Matthias P Müller
- a Department of Structural Biochemistry , Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund , Germany
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26
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Grintsevich EE, Yesilyurt HG, Rich SK, Hung RJ, Terman JR, Reisler E. F-actin dismantling through a redox-driven synergy between Mical and cofilin. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:876-85. [PMID: 27454820 PMCID: PMC4966907 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous cellular functions depend on actin filament (F-actin) disassembly. The
best-characterized disassembly proteins, the ADF/cofilins/twinstar, sever filaments and
recycle monomers to promote actin assembly. Cofilin is also a relatively weak actin
disassembler, posing questions about mechanisms of cellular F-actin destabilization. Here
we uncover a key link to targeted F-actin disassembly by finding that F-actin is
efficiently dismantled through a post-translational-mediated synergism between cofilin and
the actin-oxidizing enzyme Mical. We find that Mical-mediated oxidation of actin improves
cofilin binding to filaments, where their combined effect dramatically accelerates F-actin
disassembly compared to either effector alone. This synergism is also necessary and
sufficient for F-actin disassembly in vivo, magnifying the effects of
both Mical and cofilin on cellular remodeling, axon guidance, and Semaphorin/Plexin
repulsion. Mical and cofilin, therefore, form a Redox-dependent synergistic pair that
promotes F-actin instability by rapidly dismantling F-actin and generating
post-translationally modified actin that has altered assembly properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Grintsevich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hunkar Gizem Yesilyurt
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Shannon K Rich
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ruei-Jiun Hung
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan R Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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