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Sitarek P, Merecz-Sadowska A, Sikora J, Dudzic M, Wiertek-Płoszaj N, Picot L, Śliwiński T, Kowalczyk T. Flavonoids and Their Derivatives as DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Anti-Cancer Activity in Various Cell Models: Exploring a Novel Mode of Action. Pharmacol Res 2024:107457. [PMID: 39389401 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a diverse group of plant-derived secondary metabolites, have garnered significant attention for their potential anti-cancer properties. This review explores the role of flavonoids as inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases, key enzymes essential for DNA replication, transcription, and cell division. The article offers a comprehensive overview of flavonoid classification, biosynthesis, and their widespread natural occurrence. It further delves into the molecular mechanisms through which flavonoids exert their anti-cancer effects, emphasizing their interactions with topoisomerases. The review provides a thorough analysis of both in vitro and in vivo studies that highlight the topoisomerase inhibitory activities of various flavonoids and their derivatives. Key findings demonstrate that flavonoids can function as catalytic inhibitors, poisons, or DNA intercalators, affecting both type I and type II topoisomerases. The structure-activity relationships of flavonoids concerning their topoisomerase inhibitory potency are also examined. This review underscores the potential of flavonoids as promising lead compounds for the development of novel topoisomerase inhibitors, which could have important implications for cancer therapy. However, it also acknowledges the need for further research to fully understand the intricate interactions between flavonoids and topoisomerases within the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-214, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malwina Dudzic
- Students Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natasza Wiertek-Płoszaj
- Students Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Laurent Picot
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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2
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Bhattacharya S, Sangave PC, Belemkar S, Anjum MM. pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Enhanced Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:459-481. [PMID: 38223987 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Encapsulating epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles for targeted delivery of drugs could revolutionize colorectal cancer treatment. MATERIALS & METHODS Nanoparticles were synthesized to release drugs at colon pH. Dynamic light scattering measured their average diameter and ζ-potential, while differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction assessed EGCG encapsulation. RESULTS The nanoparticles showed stability and bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract, efficiently encapsulating and releasing over 93% of EGCG at pH 7.2. They enhanced cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells and demonstrated antibacterial properties, increasing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION The study underscores the potential of nanoparticles in enhancing EGCG delivery for colorectal cancer therapy, aiming to minimize side effects and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Preeti Chidambar Sangave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Sateesh Belemkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Md Meraj Anjum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India
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Kciuk M, Alam M, Ali N, Rashid S, Głowacka P, Sundaraj R, Celik I, Yahya EB, Dubey A, Zerroug E, Kontek R. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Therapeutic Potential in Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Implications. Molecules 2023; 28:5246. [PMID: 37446908 PMCID: PMC10343677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between cell proliferation and apoptosis have emerged as rational targets that can be exploited in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant phenolic compound found in green tea. It has been shown to regulate multiple crucial cellular signaling pathways, including those mediated by EGFR, JAK-STAT, MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and others. Deregulation of the abovementioned pathways is involved in the pathophysiology of cancer. It has been demonstrated that EGCG may exert anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and apoptosis-inducing effects or induce epigenetic changes. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that EGCG may be used in the treatment of numerous disorders, including cancer. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the biological properties of EGCG, especially in the context of cancer treatment and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (R.K.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pola Głowacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 90-001 Lodz, Poland;
- Doctoral School of Medical University of Lodz, Hallera 1 Square, 90-700 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rajamanikandan Sundaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India;
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey;
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Amit Dubey
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida 201310, India;
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Enfale Zerroug
- LMCE Laboratory, Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Biskra, Biskra 07000, Algeria;
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (R.K.)
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Serini S, Trombino S, Curcio F, Sole R, Cassano R, Calviello G. Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Phenolic Compound Nanodelivery for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1751. [PMID: 37376199 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are bioactive phytochemicals showing a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Moreover, they are associated with fewer side effects compared to most currently used antitumor drugs. Combinations of phenolic compounds with commonly used drugs have been largely studied as an approach aimed at enhancing the efficacy of anticancer drugs and reducing their deleterious systemic effects. In addition, some of these compounds are reported to reduce tumor cell drug resistance by modulating different signaling pathways. However, often, their application is limited due to their chemical instability, low water solubility, or scarce bioavailability. Nanoformulations, including polyphenols in combination or not with anticancer drugs, represent a suitable strategy to enhance their stability and bioavailability and, thus, improve their therapeutic activity. In recent years, the development of hyaluronic acid-based systems for specific drug delivery to cancer cells has represented a pursued therapeutic strategy. This is related to the fact that this natural polysaccharide binds to the CD44 receptor that is overexpressed in most solid cancers, thus allowing its efficient internalization in tumor cells. Moreover, it is characterized by high biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Here, we will focus on and critically analyze the results obtained in recent studies regarding the use of hyaluronic acid for the targeted delivery of bioactive phenolic compounds to cancer cells of different origins, alone or in combination with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Sole
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Alzate-Yepes T, Pérez-Palacio L, Martínez E, Osorio M. Mechanisms of Action of Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114322. [PMID: 37298797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and its incidence is expected to increase by almost 80% by 2030. CRC apparition is related to poor diet, mainly due to low consumption of phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables. Hence, this paper reviews the most promising phytochemicals in the literature, presenting scientific evidence regarding potential CRC chemopreventive effects. Moreover, this paper reveals the structure and action of CRC mechanisms that these phytochemicals are involved in. The review reveals that vegetables rich in phytochemicals such as carrots and green leafy vegetables, as well as some fruits such as pineapple, citrus fruits, papaya, mango, and Cape gooseberry, that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties can promote a healthy colonic environment. Fruits and vegetables in the daily diet promote antitumor mechanisms by regulating cell signaling and/or proliferation pathways. Hence, daily consumption of these plant products is recommended to reduce the risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Alzate-Yepes
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Carrera 75 # 65-87, Medellín 050010, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Lorena Pérez-Palacio
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Carrera 75 # 65-87, Medellín 050010, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Estefanía Martínez
- School of Engineering, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellín 050031, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Marlon Osorio
- School of Engineering, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellín 050031, Antioquia, Colombia
- Systems Biology Group, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Calle 78 B # 72 A 10, Medellín 050034, Antioquia, Colombia
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Jakobušić Brala C, Karković Marković A, Kugić A, Torić J, Barbarić M. Combination Chemotherapy with Selected Polyphenols in Preclinical and Clinical Studies-An Update Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093746. [PMID: 37175156 PMCID: PMC10180288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article describes studies published over the past five years on the combination of polyphenols, which are the most studied in the field of anticancer effects (curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and apigenin) and chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, etc. According to WHO data, research has been limited to five cancers with the highest morbidity rate (lung, colorectal, liver, gastric, and breast cancer). A systematic review of articles published in the past five years (from January 2018 to January 2023) was carried out with the help of all Web of Science databases and the available base of clinical studies. Based on the preclinical studies presented in this review, polyphenols can enhance drug efficacy and reduce chemoresistance through different molecular mechanisms. Considering the large number of studies, curcumin could be a molecule in future chemotherapy cocktails. One of the main problems in clinical research is related to the limited bioavailability of most polyphenols. The design of a new co-delivery system for drugs and polyphenols is essential for future clinical research. Some polyphenols work in synergy with chemotherapeutic drugs, but some polyphenols can act antagonistically, so caution is always required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Karković Marković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Azra Kugić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Torić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Barbarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Imran M, Insaf A, Hasan N, Sugandhi VV, Shrestha D, Paudel KR, Jha SK, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Devkota HP, Mohammed Y. Exploring the Remarkable Chemotherapeutic Potential of Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Battling Various Forms of Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083475. [PMID: 37110709 PMCID: PMC10142939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds, specifically antioxidants, have played an important role in scavenging the free radicals present under diseased conditions. The persistent generation of free radicals in the body leads to inflammation and can result in even more severe diseases such as cancer. Notably, the antioxidant potential of various plant-derived compounds prevents and deregulates the formation of radicals by initiating their decomposition. There is a vast literature demonstrating antioxidant compounds' anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer potential. This review describes the molecular mechanism of various flavonoids, such as quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, against different cancers. Additionally, the pharmaceutical application of these flavonoids against different cancers using nanotechnologies such as polymeric, lipid-based nanoparticles (solid-lipid and liquid-lipid), liposomes, and metallic nanocarriers is addressed. Finally, combination therapies in which these flavonoids are employed along with other anti-cancer agents are described, indicating the effective therapies for the management of various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Areeba Insaf
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Vrushabh V Sugandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad 431001, India
| | - Deumaya Shrestha
- Department of Bioscience, Mokp o National University, Muna 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, Mokpo National University, Muna 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Chao S, Li LJ, Lu J, Zhao SX, Zhao MH, Huang GA, Yin S, Shen W, Sun QY, Zhao Y, Ge ZJ, Zhao L. Epigallocatechin gallate improves the quality of diabetic oocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114267. [PMID: 36669363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diabetes compromises the quality and developmental potential of oocytes. Therefore, it is important to study how to ameliorate the adverse effects of diabetes on oocyte quality. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has a variety of physiological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetes. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of EGCG on the maturation of diabetic oocytes in vitro. OBJECTIVE Investigating the role of EGCG in restoring the adverse effects of diabetes on oocyte quality. METHODS Diabetes mouse model was established by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Oocytes were collected and matured in vitro with/without EGCG in M16 medium. RESULTS Compared with control, diabetic oocytes have a higher frequency of spindle defects and chromosome misalignment, but EGCG effectively reduces the incidence of oocytes with abnormal spindle assembly and chromosome mismatches. Moreover, the abnormal mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of diabetic oocytes is significantly alleviated by EGCG, and the reduced expression of genes regulating mitochondrial fusion (Mfn1 and Mfn2) and fission (Drp1) in diabetic oocytes is significantly increased while EGCG is added. EGCG also decreases the higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetic oocytes that may be regulated by the increased expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2). EGCG can also reduce the DNA damage of diabetic oocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EGCG, at least partially, improve the quality of diabetic oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Gui-An Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab and Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhao-Jia Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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Choi K, Park SY, Kwon Y, Lee J, Kwon O, Kim JY. Green tea extract and Piper retrofractum attenuate deoxycholic acid-induced damage and enhance the tight junction barrier: An analysis in a Caco-2 cell culture model and a DSS coinduced mouse model. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Li XX, Liu C, Dong SL, Ou CS, Lu JL, Ye JH, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Anticarcinogenic potentials of tea catechins. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1060783. [PMID: 36545470 PMCID: PMC9760998 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechins are a cluster of polyphenolic bioactive components in green tea. Anticarcinogenic effects of tea catechins have been reported since the 1980s, but it has been controversial. The present paper reviews the advances in studies on the anticarcinogenic activities of tea and catechins, including epidemiological evidence and anticarcinogenic mechanism. Tea catechins showed antagonistic effects on many cancers, such as gynecological cancers, digestive tract cancers, incident glioma, liver and gallbladder cancers, lung cancer, etc. The mechanism underlying the anticarcinogenic effects of catechins involves in inhibiting the proliferation and growth of cancer cells, scavenging free radicals, suppressing metastasis of cancer cells, improving immunity, interacting with other anticancer drugs, and regulating signaling pathways. The inconsistent results and their causes are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tea Science Society of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ling Dong
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can-Song Ou
- Development Center of Liubao Tea Industry, Cangwu, China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yue-Rong Liang,
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Xin-Qiang Zheng,
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11
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Talib WH, Awajan D, Hamed RA, Azzam AO, Mahmod AI, AL-Yasari IH. Combination Anticancer Therapies Using Selected Phytochemicals. Molecules 2022; 27:5452. [PMID: 36080219 PMCID: PMC9458090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the most widespread diseases globally, it is considered a vital health challenge worldwide and one of the main barriers to long life expectancy. Due to the potential toxicity and lack of selectivity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, discovering alternative treatments is a top priority. Plant-derived natural products have high potential in cancer treatment due to their multiple mechanisms of action, diversity in structure, availability in nature, and relatively low toxicity. In this review, the anticancer mechanisms of the most common phytochemicals were analyzed. Furthermore, a detailed discussion of the anticancer effect of combinations consisting of natural product or natural products with chemotherapeutic drugs was provided. This review should provide a strong platform for researchers and clinicians to improve basic and clinical research in the development of alternative anticancer medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
| | - Dima Awajan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
| | - Reem Ali Hamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
| | - Aya O. Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
| | - Intisar Hadi AL-Yasari
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 964, Iraq
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Muhammad N, Usmani D, Tarique M, Naz H, Ashraf M, Raliya R, Tabrez S, Zughaibi TA, Alsaieedi A, Hakeem IJ, Suhail M. The Role of Natural Products and Their Multitargeted Approach to Treat Solid Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142209. [PMID: 35883653 PMCID: PMC9318484 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products play a critical role in the discovery and development of numerous drugs for the treatment of various types of cancer. These phytochemicals have demonstrated anti-carcinogenic properties by interfering with the initiation, development, and progression of cancer through altering various mechanisms such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Treating multifactorial diseases, such as cancer with agents targeting a single target, might lead to limited success and, in many cases, unsatisfactory outcomes. Various epidemiological studies have shown that the steady consumption of fruits and vegetables is intensely associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Since ancient period, plants, herbs, and other natural products have been used as healing agents. Likewise, most of the medicinal ingredients accessible today are originated from the natural resources. Regardless of achievements, developing bioactive compounds and drugs from natural products has remained challenging, in part because of the problem associated with large-scale sequestration and mechanistic understanding. With significant progress in the landscape of cancer therapy and the rising use of cutting-edge technologies, we may have come to a crossroads to review approaches to identify the potential natural products and investigate their therapeutic efficacy. In the present review, we summarize the recent developments in natural products-based cancer research and its application in generating novel systemic strategies with a focus on underlying molecular mechanisms in solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshad Muhammad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | | | - Mohammad Tarique
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Huma Naz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Mohammad Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Bundelkhand University Jhansi, Jhansi 284128, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- IFFCO Nano Biotechnology Research Center, Kalol 382423, Gujarat, India;
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.T.); (T.A.Z.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Torki A. Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.T.); (T.A.Z.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahdab Alsaieedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa J. Hakeem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.T.); (T.A.Z.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
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Gao Q, Feng J, Liu W, Wen C, Wu Y, Liao Q, Zou L, Sui X, Xie T, Zhang J, Hu Y. Opportunities and challenges for co-delivery nanomedicines based on combination of phytochemicals with chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114445. [PMID: 35820601 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic limitations such as insufficient efficacy, drug resistance, metastasis, and undesirable side effects are frequently caused by the long duration monotherapy based on chemotherapeutic drugs. multiple combinational anticancer strategies such as nucleic acids combined with chemotherapeutic agents, chemotherapeutic combinations, chemotherapy and tumor immunotherapy combinations have been embraced, holding great promise to counter these limitations, while still taking including some potential risks. Nowadays, an increasing number of research has manifested the anticancer effects of phytochemicals mediated by modulating cancer cellular events directly as well as the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, these natural compounds exhibited suppression of cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cancer cells, P-glycoprotein inhibition, decreasing vascularization and activation of tumor immunosuppression. Due to the low toxicity and multiple modulation pathways of these phytochemicals, the combination of chemotherapeutic agents with natural compounds acts as a novel approach to cancer therapy to increase the efficiency of cancer treatments as well as reduce the adverse consequences. In order to achieve the maximized combination advantages of small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs and natural compounds, a variety of functional nano-scaled drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, host-guest supramolecules, supramolecules, dendrimers, micelles and inorganic systems have been developed for dual/multiple drug co-delivery. These co-delivery nanomedicines can improve pharmacokinetic behavior, tumor accumulation capacity, and achieve tumor site-targeting delivery. In that way, the improved antitumor effects through multiple-target therapy and reduced side effects by decreasing dose can be implemented. Here, we present the synergistic anticancer outcomes and the related mechanisms of the combination of phytochemicals with small-molecule anticancer drugs. We also focus on illustrating the design concept, and action mechanisms of nanosystems with co-delivery of drugs to synergistically improve anticancer efficacy. In addition, the challenges and prospects of how these insights can be translated into clinical benefits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Wencheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chengyong Wen
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Cheng Luo Road, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Cheng Luo Road, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
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Sahadevan R, Singh S, Binoy A, Sadhukhan S. Chemico-biological aspects of (-)-epigallocatechin- 3-gallate (EGCG) to improve its stability, bioavailability and membrane permeability: Current status and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10382-10411. [PMID: 35491671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2068500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been a bedrock for drug discovery for decades. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the widely studied natural polyphenolic compounds derived from green tea. It is the key component believed to be responsible for the medicinal value of green tea. Significant studies implemented in in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo models have suggested its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective activities etc. Despite having such a wide array of therapeutic potential and promising results in preclinical studies, its applicability to humans has encountered with rather limited success largely due to the poor bioavailability, poor membrane permeability, rapid metabolic clearance and lack of stability of EGCG. Therefore, novel techniques are warranted to address those limitations so that EGCG or its modified analogs can be used in the clinical setup. This review comprehensively covers different strategies such as structural modifications, nano-carriers as efficient drug delivery systems, synergistic studies with other bioactivities to improve the chemico-biological aspects (e.g., stability, bioavailability, permeability, etc.) of EGCG for its enhanced pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties, eventually enhancing its therapeutic potentials. We think this review article will serve as a strong platform with comprehensive literature on the development of novel techniques to improve the bioavailability of EGCG so that it can be translated to the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Binoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Khiewkamrop P, Surangkul D, Srikummool M, Richert L, Pekthong D, Parhira S, Somran J, Srisawang P. Epigallocatechin gallate triggers apoptosis by suppressing de novo lipogenesis in colorectal carcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:937-958. [PMID: 35243817 PMCID: PMC9063442 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway has been identified as a regulator of cancer progression and aggressiveness. Downregulation of key lipogenesis enzymes has been shown to activate apoptosis in cancerous cells. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits cancer cell proliferation without causing cytotoxicity in healthy cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of EGCG on the promotion of apoptosis associated with the DNL pathway inhibition in cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We observed that two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT-29) had a higher cytotoxic response to EGCG treatment than hepatocellular carcinoma cells, including HepG2 and HuH-7. EGCG treatment decreased cell viability and increased mitochondrial damage-triggered apoptosis in both HCT116 and HT-29 cancer cells. Additionally, we treated mice transplanted with HCT116 cells with 30 or 50 mg·kg-1 EGCG for 7 days to evaluate the apoptotic effects of EGCG treatment in a xenograft mouse model of cancer. We observed a decrease in intracellular fatty acid levels, which suggested that EGCG-induced apoptosis was associated with a decrease in fatty acid levels in cancer. Suppression of ATP synthesis by EGCG indicated that cell death induction in cancer cells could be mediated by shared components of the DNL and energy metabolism pathways. In addition, EGCG-induced apoptosis suppressed the expression of the phosphorylation protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling proteins in tumors from xenografted mice. Cytotoxic effects in unaffected organs and tissues of the mouse xenograft model were absent upon EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuriwat Khiewkamrop
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Damratsamon Surangkul
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy‐CellPlobsheimFrance
- EA 4267 PEPITEUniversité de Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of PathologyFaculty of MedicineNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
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16
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Mehmood S, Maqsood M, Mahtab N, Khan MI, Sahar A, Zaib S, Gul S. Epigallocatechin gallate: Phytochemistry, bioavailability, utilization challenges, and strategies. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14189. [PMID: 35474461 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea catechin, has gained the attention of current study due to its excellent health-promoting effects. It possesses anti-obesity, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and is under extensive investigation in functional foods for improvement. It is susceptible to lower stability, lesser bioavailability, and lower absorption rate due to various environmental, processing, formulations, and gastrointestinal conditions of the human body. Therefore, it is the foremost concern for the researchers to enhance its bioactivity and make it the most suitable therapeutic compound for its clinical applications. In the current review, factors affecting the bioavailability of EGCG and the possible strategies to overcome these issues are reviewed and discussed. This review summarizes structural modifications and delivery through nanoparticle-based approaches including nano-emulsions, encapsulations, and silica-based nanoparticles for effective use of EGCG in functional foods. Moreover, recent advances to enhance EGCG therapeutic efficacy by specifically targeting its molecules to increase its bioavailability and stability are also described. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The main green tea constituent EGCG possesses several health-promoting effects making EGCG a potential therapeutic compound to cure ailments. However, its low stability and bioavailability render its uses in many disorders. Synthesizing EGCG prodrugs by structural modifications helps against its low bioavailability and stability by overcoming premature degradation and lower absorption rate. This review paper summarizes various strategies that benefit EGCG under different physiological conditions. The esterification, nanoparticle approaches, silica-based EGCG-NPs, and EGCG formulations serve as ideal EGCG modification strategies to deliver superior concentrations with lesser toxicity for its efficient penetration and absorption across cells both in vitro and in vivo. As a result of EGCG modifications, its bioactivities would be highly improved at lower doses. The protected or modified EGCG molecule would have enhanced potential effects and stability that would contribute to the clinical applications and expand its use in various food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomaila Mehmood
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Maria Maqsood
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Mahtab
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Sahar
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sania Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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17
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Wei R, Liu X, Wang Y, Dong J, Wu F, Mackenzie GG, Su Z. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal injury by modulating the tight junctions, inflammation and dysbiosis in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:11671-11685. [PMID: 34730149 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01848e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an antitumor drug commonly used to treat various cancer types. Unfortunately, its toxic side effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, affect treatment compliance and patients' prognosis. Thus, there is a critical need of evaluating strategies that may improve the associated GI toxicity induced by CTX. In this work, we evaluated the capacity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea, to improve the recovery of gut injury induced by CTX in mice. Treatment with CTX for 5 days severely damaged the intestinal structure, increased immune-related cytokines (TNFα, IL-10 and IL-21), reduced the expression levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1), induced reactive oxygen species, altered the composition of gut microbiota, and reduced short chain fatty acid levels. EGCG treatment, starting one day after the last CTX dose, significantly improved the intestinal structure, ameliorated gut permeability, and restored ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 levels. Moreover, EGCG reduced TNFα, IL-10 and IL-21 levels and decreased oxidative stress by regulating the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Finally, EGCG treatment restored the composition of gut microbiota and the levels of the short chain fatty acids. In conclusion, these findings indicate that EGCG may function as an effective bioactive compound to minimize CTX-induced GI tract toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Xingquan Liu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junjie Dong
- Zhejiang Camel Transworld Organic Food Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310041, China
| | - Fenghua Wu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
| | - Zhucheng Su
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Han L, Fu Q, Deng C, Luo L, Xiang T, Zhao H. Immunomodulatory potential of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumour. Scand J Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Han
- Department of Pathophysiology Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
- Department of Endocrinology People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing Chongqing China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Organ Transplantation Center Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Chuan Deng
- Department of Neurology People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing Chongqing China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
| | - Tengxiao Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing Chongqing China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
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Gu Q, Chen F, Chen N, Wang J, Li Z, Deng X. Effect of EGCG on bronchial epithelial cell premalignant lesions induced by cigarette smoke and on its CYP1A1 expression. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:220. [PMID: 34676878 PMCID: PMC8559702 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been demonstrated to exhibit anticancer effects; however, the mechanisms behind these are not yet clear. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of EGCG on smoking-induced, precancerous, bronchial epithelial cell lesions and determine a potential protective mechanism. Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Benzopyrene-DNA adducts were detected by immunofluorescence cytochemistry. Changes to microRNA (miRNA) expression levels were detected via microarray. The effects of EGCG on smoke-induced benzopyrene-DNA adduct formation and the subsequent change in miRNA expression were analyzed. Subsequently, the protective effect of EGCG on smoke inhalation-induced precancerous lesions was investigated. The expression levels of miRNA target genes were also analyzed. After CSE treatment, benzopyrene-DNA adducts appeared in HBE cells, along with a resultant change in miRNA expression. EGCG inhibited the effects of CSE exposure; benzopyrene-DNA adduct formation was reduced and miRNA expression changes were suppressed. In vivo, EGCG significantly reduced benzopyrene-DNA adduct formation and the subsequent development of precancerous lesions in rat lungs induced by cigarette smoke inhalation. Moreover, EGCG downregulated CYP1A1 overexpression, a target gene of multiple smoking-induced miRNAs, in rat lungs. EGCG may reduce the risk of lung cancer by downregulating the expression of the key gene CYP1A1, preventing the formation of smoking-induced benzopyrene-DNA adducts and alleviating smoking-induced bronchial epithelial dysplasia and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fangmin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xinhao Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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20
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Yang Y, Chen SL, Xu Y, Yao Y, Liang JJ, Wang L, Jhanji V, Sun X, Ma D, Ng TK. Green Tea Catechins Attenuate Human Primary Pterygium Cell Survival and Migration Via Modulation of ERK p42/p44 and p38 Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12209-12218. [PMID: 34610737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pterygium belongs to an ocular surface disease with triangular-shaped hyperplastic growth, characterized by conjunctivalization, inflammation, and connective tissue remodeling. We previously demonstrated neoplastic-like properties of pterygium cells. Green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has been shown to possess antitumorigenic properties; herein, we aimed to determine the effects of green tea catechins on human primary pterygium cell survival and migration and compared to that on patients' conjunctival cells. Both human primary pterygium and conjunctival cells expressed EGCG receptor, the 67 kDa laminin receptor. Seven-day treatment of green tea extract (Theaphenon E; 16.25 μg/mL) and EGCG (25 μM) attenuated pterygium cell proliferation by 16.78% (p < 0.001) and 24.09% (p < 0.001) respectively, without significantly influencing conjunctival cells. Moreover, green tea extract (16.25 μg/mL) and EGCG (25 μM) treatments also hindered pterygium cell migration by 35.22% (p < 0.001) and 25.20% (p = 0.019), respectively, but not conjunctival cells. Yet, green tea extract and EGCG treatments did not significantly induce pterygium cell apoptosis. Furthermore, green tea extract and EGCG treatments significantly increased the phosphorylation of p38 protein but reduced the phosphorylation of p42/p44 protein in pterygium cells. In summary, this study revealed that green tea extract and EGCG attenuated human primary pterygium cell survival and migration in vitro without damaging conjunctival cells, suggesting a novel potential therapeutic approach for primary pterygium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Di Ma
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Rana P, Shrama A, Mandal CC. Molecular insights into phytochemicals-driven break function in tumor microenvironment. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13824. [PMID: 34219240 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced knowledge about the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer progression has opened various ways to target the vast signaling pathways for cancer treatment. Failures of the currently used drugs have raised out the need to look for novel drugs which can target various crucial aspects of cancer progression (e.g., angiogenesis, uncontrolled cell division, and metastasis). Phytochemicals behaving as potent anticancer agents shows promise as therapeutics. Various phytochemicals, such as curcumin, Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, plumbagin, genistein, and others, have been identified with modulatory effect on TME. These phytochemicals often target the molecular pathways that reside in the tumor vicinity associated with endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells, other cell types, vascular and lymphatic networks, and extracellular matrix which are important for tumor progression and development. Some phytochemicals also target the internal signaling pathways, including STAT3, NF-қB, ERK-1/2, and PI3K/Akt signaling of noncancer cell, residing in the microenvironment, and thus inhibiting the supportive effect from these cells in tumor development. However, much information needs to be acquired before using these phytochemicals in cancer treatment. The primary objective of this review is to provide a better knowledge about the role of TME in cancer progression and development, focusing on the different targets which can be used for therapeutic approach, and then to give a brief account on some known phytochemicals to date, which have shown remarkable TME modulatory effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: For the use of phytochemicals as therapeutics, it is highly recommended that their precise target should be known; therefore studies should be encouraged such that the effects of these phytochemicals can be evaluated on the individual cellular level like how the phytochemical is targeting the tumor-associated macrophage, or any other cell residing in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the compound should target a specific component of TME to avoid off target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshi Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Amarjeet Shrama
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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22
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Yang L, Wang Z. Natural Products, Alone or in Combination with FDA-Approved Drugs, to Treat COVID-19 and Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:689. [PMID: 34207313 PMCID: PMC8234041 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a public health emergency of international concern, the highly contagious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been identified as a severe threat to the lives of billions of individuals. Lung cancer, a malignant tumor with the highest mortality rate, has brought significant challenges to both human health and economic development. Natural products may play a pivotal role in treating lung diseases. We reviewed published studies relating to natural products, used alone or in combination with US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and lung cancer from 1 January 2020 to 31 May 2021. A wide range of natural products can be considered promising anti-COVID-19 or anti-lung cancer agents have gained widespread attention, including natural products as monotherapy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (ginkgolic acid, shiraiachrome A, resveratrol, and baicalein) or lung cancer (daurisoline, graveospene A, deguelin, and erianin) or in combination with FDA-approved anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents (cepharanthine plus nelfinavir, linoleic acid plus remdesivir) and anti-lung cancer agents (curcumin and cisplatin, celastrol and gefitinib). Natural products have demonstrated potential value and with the assistance of nanotechnology, combination drug therapies, and the codrug strategy, this "natural remedy" could serve as a starting point for further drug development in treating these lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China;
| | - Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Yin Z, Li J, Kang L, Liu X, Luo J, Zhang L, Li Y, Cai J. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces autophagy-related apoptosis associated with LC3B II and Beclin expression of bladder cancer cells. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13758. [PMID: 33997996 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of bladder cancer in traditional green tea-consuming countries was dramatically lower than low green tea-consuming countries. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active ingredient extracted from green tea, showed effective inhibition of formation and progression of many tumors. However, whether autophagy involved in this tumor-suppression mechanism of EGCG on bladder cancer was still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated low concentration of EGCG-induced proliferation inhibition and increased apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines (5,637 and T24 cells) indicated by the increased expression of apoptosis-related protein (caspase9, caspase3 and BAX). In addition, low dose of EGCG also regulated autophagy pathway associated protein (LC3B II and Beclin) expression and this autophagy pathway was blocked by PI3K/AKT inhibitor; moreover, knockdown of ATG5 reversed EGCG-induced apoptosis in 5,637 cells, indicating that EGCG might inhibit the bladder cancer through autophagy pathway. Our findings indicated that EGCG should be considered as a novel therapy for bladder cancer treatment by regulating autophagy pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our research proved EGCG from green tea could be used as an effective anti-tumor ingredient by revealing another mechanism that epigallocatechin-3-Gallate inhibited bladder cancer cells via inducing autophagy-related apoptosis. And green tea could be considered as a kind of tumor-preventing beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofa Yin
- Department of Urology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Loudi, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Digestive, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Urology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Loudi, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Loudi, China
| | - Jianguo Luo
- Department of Urology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Loudi, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Urology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Loudi, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Urology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Loudi, P.R. China
| | - Jiarong Cai
- Department of Urology, Loudi Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Loudi, P.R. China
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24
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Long J, Guan P, Hu X, Yang L, He L, Lin Q, Luo F, Li J, He X, Du Z, Li T. Natural Polyphenols as Targeted Modulators in Colon Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Applications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635484. [PMID: 33664749 PMCID: PMC7921316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer commonly develops from long-term chronic inflammation in the intestine and seriously threatens human health. Natural polyphenols have been valued as a crucial regulator of nutrient metabolism and metabolic diseases, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions and the ability to maintain a balance between gut microbes and their hosts. Notably, experimental and clinical evidence has shown that natural polyphenols could act as a targeted modulator to play a key role in the prevention or treatment of colon cancer. Thus, in this review, we summarized recent advances in the possible regulatory mechanism and the potential application of natural polyphenols in colon cancer, which might be regarded as a novel platform for the colon cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Long
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xian Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingguo He
- Changsha Green Leaf Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Du
- Cloud Computing Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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25
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Collier NJ, Rhodes LE. Photodynamic Therapy for Basal Cell Carcinoma: The Clinical Context for Future Research Priorities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225398. [PMID: 33218174 PMCID: PMC7698957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment option for low-risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC is the most common human cancer and also a convenient cancer in which to study PDT treatment. This review clarifies challenges to researchers evident from the clinical use of PDT in BCC treatment. It outlines the context of PDT and how PDT treatments for BCC have been developed hitherto. The sections examine the development of systemic and subsequently topical photosensitizers, light delivery regimens, and the use of PDT in different patient populations and subtypes of BCC. The outcomes of topical PDT are discussed in comparison with alternative treatments, and topical PDT applications in combination and adjuvant therapy are considered. The intention is to summarize the clinical relevance and expose areas of research need in the BCC context, ultimately to facilitate improvements in PDT treatment.
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26
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Oteiza PI, Toyokuni S. The new era for research on polyphenols and food factors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108678. [PMID: 33189654 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Oteiza
- Departments of Nutrition and of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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27
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Protective Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Endometrial, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111481. [PMID: 33113766 PMCID: PMC7694163 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea and its major bioactive component, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possess diverse biological properties, particularly antiproliferation, antimetastasis, and apoptosis induction. Many studies have widely investigated the anticancer and synergistic effects of EGCG due to the side effects of conventional cytotoxic agents. This review summarizes recent knowledge of underlying mechanisms of EGCG on protective roles for endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancers based on both in vitro and in vivo animal studies. EGCG has the ability to regulate many pathways, including the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and protection against epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EGCG has also been found to interact with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which affect epigenetic modifications. Finally, the action of EGCG may exert a suppressive effect on gynecological cancers and have beneficial effects on auxiliary therapies for known drugs. Thus, future clinical intervention studies with EGCG will be necessary to more and clear evidence for the benefit to these cancers.
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