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Liang J, Smith AW. The Oligomeric State of Vasorin in the Plasma Membrane Measured Non-Invasively by Quantitative Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4115. [PMID: 38612924 PMCID: PMC11012933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vasorin (VASN), a transmembrane protein heavily expressed in endothelial cells, has garnered recent interest due to its key role in vascular development and pathology. The oligomeric state of VASN is a crucial piece of knowledge given that receptor clustering is a frequent regulatory mechanism in downstream signaling activation and amplification. However, documentation of VASN oligomerization is currently absent. In this brief report, we describe the measurement of VASN oligomerization in its native membranous environment, leveraging a class of fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. Our investigation revealed that the majority of VASN resides in a monomeric state, while a minority of VASN forms homodimers in the cellular membrane. This result raises the intriguing possibility that ligand-independent clustering of VASN may play a role in transforming growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Adam W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Sha Z, Xu J, Li N, Li O. Regulatory Molecules of Synaptic Plasticity in Anxiety Disorder. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2877-2886. [PMID: 37435365 PMCID: PMC10332425 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s413176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is the capacity of synaptic transmission between neurons to be strengthened or weakened. There are many signal molecules accumulated in the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes that can lead to the regulation of synaptic plasticity and involvement in numerous of neurological and psychiatric diseases, including anxiety disorder. However, the regulatory mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the development of anxiety disorder have not been well summarized. This review mainly aims to discuss the biological functions and mechanisms of synaptic plasticity-related molecules in anxiety disorder, with a particular focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, and postsynaptic density 95. The summarized functions and mechanisms of synaptic plasticity-related molecules in anxiety will provide insight into novel neuroplasticity modifications for targeted therapy for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Sha
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ou Li
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Li Q, Shah T, Wang B, Qu L, Wang R, Hou Y, Baloch Z, Xia X. Cross-species transmission, evolution and zoonotic potential of coronaviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1081370. [PMID: 36683695 PMCID: PMC9853062 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) continuously evolve, crossing species barriers and spreading across host ranges. Over the last two decades, several CoVs (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) have emerged in animals and mammals, causing significant economic and human life losses. Due to CoV cross-species transmission and the evolution of novel viruses, it is critical to identify their natural reservoiurs and the circumstances under which their transmission occurs. In this review, we use genetic and ecological data to disentangle the evolution of various CoVs in wildlife, humans, and domestic mammals. We thoroughly investigate several host species and outline the epidemiology of CoVs toward specific hosts. We also discuss the cross-species transmission of CoVs at the interface of wildlife, animals, and humans. Clarifying the epidemiology and diversity of species reservoirs will significantly impact our ability to respond to the future emergence of CoVs in humans and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Linyu Qu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yutong Hou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Xueshan Xia,
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Yadav P, Podia M, Kumari SP, Mani I. Glutamate receptor endocytosis and signaling in neurological conditions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:167-207. [PMID: 36813358 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The non-essential amino acid glutamate acts as a major excitatory neurotransmitter and plays a significant role in the central nervous system (CNS). It binds with two different types of receptors, ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), responsible for the postsynaptic excitation of neurons. They are important for memory, neural development and communication, and learning. Endocytosis and subcellular trafficking of the receptor are essential for the regulation of receptor expression on the cell membrane and excitation of the cells. The endocytosis and trafficking of the receptor are dependent on its type, ligand, agonist, and antagonist present. This chapter discusses the types of glutamate receptors, their subtypes, and the regulation of their internalization and trafficking. The roles of glutamate receptors in neurological diseases are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansi Podia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Prabha Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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